Hybrid Solutions
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Hybrid Solutions gepower.com/hybrid There’s a way to do it better... “fnd it. THOMAS EDISON Inventor, businessman and founder of the General Electric Company trends solutions enablers 08 Hybrid Solutions: Defned 20 GE's Hybrid Portfolio 40 GE Store hy·brid/’hī brid/ Noun 12 Hybrid Solutions: Value 22 Building Blocks 42 GE Energy Financial 1. BIOLOGY: the ofspring of two plants or • Battery Energy Storage Services animals of diferent species or varieties, 14 Energy Storage 101 Solutions (BESS) such as a mule. 44 GE Energy Consulting 2. a thing made by combining two diferent 16 Battery Storage 101 • Industrial Internet elements; a mixture. Control System 45 GE Ventures Adjective 26 Hybrid Systems 1. of mixed character; composed of 46 Ecomagination mixed parts. • Wind Integrated Solar Energy (WiSE*) 48 GE Beliefs Hybrids have been commonplace in • Pumped Storage (PSP) 49 GE’s Commitment the plant and animal kingdoms for • Simple Cycle millennia. Diferent species or varieties of Gas Turbine + Battery organisms have been crossbred because • Combined Cycle they have desirable characteristics not Gas Turbine (CCGT) + found or inconsistently present in the Battery parent individuals or populations. • Gas Engine + Renewables + Battery • Containerized Packages *Trademark of the General Electric Company trends tan·ge·lo /'tanj lō/ Noun A bright red-orange hybrid of a tangerine and grapefruit with an unmistakable sweetness countered by a tart aftertaste (courtesy of its grapefruit ancestor). Tangelos are seedless, easy to peel and have a thick skin similar to that of oranges. 6 / HYBRID SOLUTIONS / www.gepower.com/hybrid www.gepower.com/hybrid / HYBRID SOLUTIONS / 7 trends trends Hybrid solutions: defned Each form of power generation has its pros and cons. No single form of power generation is optimal in low CAPEX ($/kW). Hydro power often requires instances of power plants which do not align with aspects and overcome the shortcomings of a all situations. Wind and solar are intermittent but dedicating signifcant amounts of land area but is the relative ratings below, it is a good representation specifc generation type, in order to provide power consume no fuel and emit no greenhouse gases. renewable and dispatchable. of industry trends. The full comparison and that is more afordable, reliable and sustainable. Natural gas-fueled generation emits greenhouse underlying basis for the ratings can be found at: Each application is unique, and the hybrid solution The Electric Power Research Institute created gases but it is dispatchable (i.e., has output that http://sites.epri.com/refcard/comparison.html that works best for a specifc situation will depend the chart below to compare the advantages and can be readily controlled between maximum on numerous factors including: existing generation challenges of various forms of power generation Hybrid power plants usually combine multiple rated capacity or decreased to zero) to help assets, transmission and distribution infrastructure, technologies. Although there may be specifc sources of power generation and/or energy storage, balance supply and demand. It also has a relatively market structure, and fuel prices and availability. and a control system to accentuate the positive ELECTRICITY GENERATION Choosing ElectricitytechnologiesChoosing Generation Electricity Generation Technologies TechnologiesAdvantage AdvantageChallenge Challenge Solar Solar Assessment of relative beneft/impactAssessment of relativeCoal beneCoalft/impact w/CCS* NaturalCoal Gas NuclearCoal w/CCS* HydroNatural Gas WindNuclear BiomasssHydro GeothermalWind Biomasss Geothermal Photovoltaic Photovoltaic Construction cost Construction cost New plant construction cost for anNew plant construction cost for an equivalent amount of generating capacityequivalent amount of generating capacity Electricity cost Electricity cost Projected cost to produce electricityProjected cost to produce electricity from a new plant over its lifetime from a new plant over its lifetime Land use Land use Area required to support fuel supplyArea required to support fuel supply and electricity generation and electricity generation Water requirements Water requirements Amount of water required to generateAmount of water required to generate equivalent amount of electricity equivalent amount of electricity CO2 emissions CO2 emissions Relative amount of CO2 emissionsRelative amount of CO2 emissions per unit of electricity per unit of electricity Other air emissions Other air emissions Relative amount of air emissions otherRelative amount of air emissions other than CO2 per unit of electricity than CO2 per unit of electricity Waste products Waste products Presence of other signifcant wastePresence products of other signifcant waste products Availability Availability Ability to generate electricity whenAbility needed to generate electricity when needed Flexibility Flexibility Ability to quickly respond to changesAbility in demand to quickly respond to changes in demand *CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage*CCS: Carbon Capture and Storage Source: Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). Any statements, conclusions, summaries or other commentaries expressed herein do not refect the opinions or endorsement of EPRI. 8 / HYBRID SOLUTIONS / www.gepower.com/hybrid www.gepower.com/hybrid / HYBRID SOLUTIONS / 9 trends trends Hybrid solutions: defned The possible combinations of equipment to make a hybrid power plant are extensive Generation Sources and limited only by the specifc application and imagination of the plant designer. A hybrid power plant can include In its most basic sense, a hybrid power plant is comprised of three main elements: any power generation source, such as simple or combined cycle gas turbine plants, wind, solar photovoltaic or hydro. generation storage shared sources systems controls Hybrid Storage Systems Power Plant Batteries are in most hybrid Electricity generation power plants, sources and/or storage but other forms such as hydro Shared systems with shared pumped storage Controls controls can also be used. The key to successful operation of a hybrid power plant is a control system consisting of hardware and software capable of optimizing the operation of the diferent generation sources in conjunction with the storage system. 10 / HYBRID SOLUTIONS / www.gepower.com/hybrid www.gepower.com/hybrid / HYBRID SOLUTIONS / 11 trends trends Hybrid solutions: value TYPICAL USE CASES Use Case Typical Hybrid Solutions Typical Outcomes ccording to the International require new ways of thinking • Reducing emissions A Energy Agency, in 2015 the about the electricity system. Grid The California Independent Access to electricity everywhere world added more renewables- operators and system planners System Operator (CAISO) • Increase the availability of electricity to under- based power generation capacity face many challenges including created the “Duck Curve” to served regions or regions with no access Grid Autonomy • Solar PV + BESS Storage + than all other technologies the following: demonstrate the challenges of • Increase grid stability in weak grid locations (Micro/Ofgrid) Reciprocating Engine combined for the frst time • Integration of variable and managing a changing electricity • Reduce fuel costs by displacing some of the fossil ever. In the same year the total distributed generation grid as more renewables are fuel with solar PV global installed renewables • Flat load growth—but faster introduced into a system that • Portable – can be relocated if needs change capacity surpassed installed coal ramps with higher peaks does not have enough fexible capacity. This rapid deployment • Multiple gas turbine starts resources to ensure grid of renewables is an important per day reliability. Hybrid solutions are Baseload generation with renewables step toward meeting the COP21 • Thermal feets dispatched well suited to address these Paris Agreement to limit CO to minimum loads • Reduce or eliminate curtailment by storing excess 2 challenges, and in fact, several emissions. In some locations • Increased need for operating supply for use during periods of low supply gas turbine/battery storage • GT + Wind/PV + Storage • Increase the annual energy production through the existing grid infrastructure spinning reserve hybrid systems have already was not designed to handle this • Weak grid infrastructure • Recips + Wind/PV + Storage complementary supply of wind and solar during been deployed in California. • Wind + Storage diferent times of the day infux of often intermittent, and Dispatchability • Solar + Storage • Reduce system levelized cost of electricity often distributed generation but of Renewables other locations have been able • Wind + Solar + Storage (LCOE) by optimizing the mix of renewables TYPICAL SPRING DAY The duck curve shows steep ramping • Hydro + Solar and thermal supply to accommodate several GWs of Typicalneeds Spring and Day over generation risk renewables without signifcant • Wind Integrated Solar Energy • Increase the predictability and dispatchability 28,000 system change. of renewables to enable frm Power Purchase 26,000 Agreement participation Figure 3: Solar “Firming” This trend toward increasing 24,000 • Improve matching of production and consumption renewables deployment is 22,000 expected to accelerate over the 2012 coming decades. In its baseline 20,000 (actual) Using existing infrastructure and 18,000 2013 New Policies Scenario the IEA (actual) O&M capabilities Megawatts 2014 16,000 ramp need predicts that by 2040 total global 2015 • GT/CCGT