GE Global Research

The GE Store for Technology Contents 2 Materials 5 Manufacturing 10 Industrial Internet 15 Energy Welcome to GE Global Research, also known as the GE Store for Technology. Across our global network of nine technology centers, we have more than 3,600 of the world’s best scientists and engineers driving advanced technologies for all of GE’s industrial businesses. They are part of a global team of 50,000 technologists across the company driving GE’s future every day. At Global Research, our scientists and engineers don’t work for one business; they work for all of them. Their skills and expertise are applied wherever they’re needed. Over time, they get exposure to projects with different GE businesses that allow them to readily transfer technical knowledge from one business to another. It’s part of every GE researcher’s DNA to think and act in this way. The GE Store is a place where every business can come for technologies, product development and services that no one else can provide. The work of our researchers ties directly into the operational plans and product roadmaps of our businesses. GE business leaders meet with our technical leaders once every quarter to review their portfolios. What you will see and read about in the following pages are key examples of the connections being made through the GE Store and their value to our businesses. At Global Research, we rarely ever start from square one on a new project. It was early testing of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) parts in Power & Water’s land-based gas turbines in the early 2000s that helped us realize these parts could work in our jet engines for Aviation. The improved efficiency these parts enable is a big reason why our newest engine platform, the CFM LEAP, is the fastest selling engine in GE Aviation’s history. The story of CMCs is one of many across our portfolio that illustrate the knowledge, experience and broad scientific and engineering skillsets GE businesses can pull from within our GE Store for Technology to create new growth opportunities for the company. It is the innovation engine that drives everything we do. Enjoy your visit to GE Global Research. We are excited to share what we are working on with you.

Mark Little

1 GE’s new CFM-LEAP engine is the fastest selling commercial engine in modern history, and advanced technologies from the GE Store have played a big role in why. The engines contain CMC shrouds in the hot section and 3D printed fuel nozzles—both are firsts for jet engines and key to delivering unprecedented performance and efficiency. Materials

2 Silicon Carbide (SiC)

Background: Future GE product applications include: smaller, more compact In the early 1980s, GE ushered in a new era in energy conversion with power devices to meet the increasing electricity needs of airplanes; the invention and realization of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor more efficient conversion devices in applications like solar inverters (IGBT)1. Developed by GE, this power switching device would become to reduce power losses for solar and wind generation by half; new the gateway for managing the flow of current for a very wide range of applications in hybrid electric vehicles that extend driving range by electrical systems. Today, a team of GE scientists is on the cusp of a 10%; new solutions for healthcare imaging systems such as in MRI new revolution in power management using a breakthrough material, gradient drives for improved image quality and smaller footprint; silicon carbide (SiC). more efficient tractions drives for GE Transportation; and enabling more efficient motors for oil and gas production. For IGBTs and predecessor switching devices, silicon (Si) has been the workhorse material. But recent advances in SiC are promising To accelerate needed advancements, GE has become a lead a better material that will set new standards of efficiency and industry partner in New York State’s Power Electronics performance. For more than two decades, GE has been a leader in Manufacturing Consortium. GE is partnering with State University SiC technologies. We’ve demonstrated the world’s best performance of New York (SUNY) Polytechnic Institute to build the world’s most in power devices, advanced packaging and power electronic advanced fabrication line for manufacturing SiC power devices. applications with this technology. The new Albany-based fab will employ GE’s proprietary technology Power devices are the critical components in electronics that to develop and produce best-in-class SiC devices that will regulate how power is delivered and used. For power generation revolutionize the power electronics industry. GE is contributing in sources like wind and solar energy, they convert energy into usable excess of $100mm in IP and value to the consortium. To scale up the forms for homes and businesses. In hybrid vehicles, they manage the technology and reduce fabrication costs, manufacturing must move electricity running through electric motors that affects driving range. from the current industry standard of 4" wafers size to 6" wafers. And for data centers, they control how well power is used by the The Albany Fab will be set up for 6" wafer production with the ability large scale computer systems that manage mass volumes of data. to increase to 8". GE business applications: The GE Store difference: GE already has begun commercializing new SiC-enabled products Because of their clear line of sight to all of GE’s business for some power supplies in Aviation and is actively developing needs, GE researchers are developing revolutionary applications for products across multiple GE businesses. technology that will span several GE business applications. We’re even launching a new start-up business to sell SiC into And much like we are doing with the GE – Fuel Cells applications beyond GE, and a manufacturing partnership start-up, we have the technical depth and industry breadth will enable us to supply high volumes of SiC devices. This will to build up a whole new business to serve the industry help to reduce overall costs and enable more widespread more broadly. commercialization of the technology.

1. B. J. Baliga, “Fast-switching insulated gate transistors”, IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. EDL-4, pp. 452-454, 1983. 3 Ceramic Matrix Composites Background: High temperature materials are vital to GE’s turbomachinery, from gas turbines to jet engines. When you have materials that can handle higher temperatures, you can run your engine hotter or reduce the amount of cooling that you need to keep these materials from melting. These factors translate into higher engine efficiency and less fuel burn for our customers.

In the late 1980s, GE scientists began exploring ceramic matrix composites as an alternative to metal parts in its turbo machinery. The thought was simple: Ceramics inherently can handle hotter temperatures than metal and much lighter, but traditional ceramics are brittle by nature. What if you could engineer the ceramic in such a way that it had metal-like damage tolerance? Then you would truly have a watershed material that could set a new standard for engine efficiency and performance. GE business applications: Initially, the focus of GE’s CMC program was to develop parts for power generation gas turbines. In fact, much of the early validation testing was done on gas turbines that we had already installed with customers. But with a more urgent need for the technology evolving in aviation, the program shifted to jet engines.

A first for jet engines: In 2016, GE’s CFM LEAP engine for narrow body aircraft will go into service with the world’s first CMC parts on a jet engine. Soon afterwards, GE’s largest engine platform, GE9X for Boeing 777Xs, will go into service with multiple CMC components. As we continue to build more CMCs into our future jet engine platforms, attention has turned back again to gas turbines in our Power & Water business. Before too long, new generations of our gas turbine products will come with CMCs. The GE Store difference: It pays to have both the Power Generation and Aviation businesses make the investment and share in the development. Our Aviation business will run over 60 LEAP test engines and will conduct millions of hours of material testing. Our Power Generation business complements the test campaign by performing long-term engine tests with gas turbine customers. After logging over 30,000 hours of operation and generating more than 5 billion kWhr of electricity for residential and commercial use, we were convinced that we have a winning technology.

4 At GE, additive manufacturing is a cumulative set of tools such as 3D printing, cold spray and Direct Write (3D inking) (shown here) that we are applying throughout our manufacturing operations. By 2025, we expect additive manufacturing methods will be used in the design and manufacture of more than 20% of GE’s new product concepts. Manufacturing

5 Brilliant Factory

Background: Examples include: Across the Company, there is an exciting convergence taking place • Development of a real-time scheduling system that allows us to between Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT). adjust part flow decisions every day to ensure on-time delivery of The meeting of software and hardware is connecting factory floors to our products. This app is now being commercialized through GE’s “The Cloud” and igniting a third industrial revolution in manufacturing. Intelligent Platform (IP) business. It will be scaled up within GE and with strategic partners. At GE Global Research, we have a dedicated global team in advanced In multiple facilities across the globe we have connected equipment manufacturing working across GE’s industrial businesses to virtually to continuously monitor and optimize processes at the transform our ~400 manufacturing and services plants into Brilliant machine level, flow through the factory, maintenance operations, Factories. We’re combining our decades of experience in developing and special handling for customer needs. Technology was needed advanced manufacturing processes, sensors, and inspection and to do this as the machines did not all have the capability to measure modeling tools with our deep expertise in operations, supply chain what was needed, they did not naturally link together within a management, factory quality as well as IT tools and the software virtual system, and the optimization was not automated before our analytics now residing in the Software Center of Excellence in San activities. These efforts exemplify how IT and OT can work together Ramon, California to make this transformation happen. to make a real difference! At the same time, we’re increasingly working with industrial, • In GE’s turbomachinery businesses (Aviation, Power & Water, academic and government partners outside GE in the US and around Oil & Gas, and Transportation), GE researchers have developed the world to advance this next evolution in manufacturing. We an app to ensure that products being designed are producible. are seeing a rise in manufacturing ecosystems that will speed up When a designer is creating a part, the app will provide real-time innovation and adoption, and are actively engaged to open up supply feedback on whether the part is producible and what features chains to new players and technologies. will add cost or manufacturing pinch points. This data is collected daily from our factories and turned into design rules; these GE business applications: activities are integrating engineering with the supply chain in new and innovative ways. Ultimately, the app will enable our GE’s advanced manufacturing team is working across all of GE’s turbomachinery businesses to move products to market faster businesses to transform our manufacturing operations with the right and at lower cost. In some cases, we have reduced manufacturing tools and processes across the broad spectrum of factory operations engineering times by more than 80%. that exist within GE. We’re enabling factories to be constantly learning, continually optimizing their throughput, productivity and The opportunity is not trivial. A one percent improvement in efficiency, and providing valuable feedback to our design teams to productivity for GE’s manufacturing operations represents a savings enhance the next set of product and service offerings. This involves of $500 million. With GE’s Brilliant Factory vision, we’re focused on digitally connecting all parts of the manufacturing supply chain achieving a 20% improvement in productivity and efficiency. from the engineering teams to the factory floor and suppliers to the service shops. We want to create a continuous loop of data sharing The GE Store difference: and feedback between all of these teams and operations that will With a line of sight and direct connections to our business enable real-time decision-making and feedback on how to improve a supply chain partners in every GE business, we are working manufacturing process or even the product itself. across every business to implement new elements of the We currently have dozens of pilots underway at a variety of brilliant factory vision. Each pilot, new “app”, advanced manufacturing facilities, testing out tools, analytics, software, IT technology or process will be developed, optimized and infrastructure, and optimization platforms. These pilots validate categorized for its impact as a function of the type of the technology and impact, and then are rolled out across operation, and then directly translated to other businesses factories with similar missions and needs. Pilot proof-points are and factories where similar operations exist. The few increasing monthly as we learn, build and succeed in the building examples shown are the model for all of these activities— blocks of our vision. learn deeply in one operation/process/factory and then rapidly deploy these lessons across the company.

6 Additive Manufacturing

Background: Much of what GE has acquired in component design, materials and Additive manufacturing has become one of the most highly manufacturing process expertise for GE Aviation is being shared touted and talked about fields in recent years. For scientists with GE’s Power & Water business to jumpstart their additive and engineers at GE Global Research, it has been a more than efforts. GE Power & Water is developing 3D-printed parts for its 20-year research odyssey that today is culminating in exciting H-Turbine gas turbine platform to deliver improved efficiency and developments that are helping to transform our products and performance. New 3D designs are enabling part configurations our manufacturing operations. that could not be made conventionally. Through the use of Global Research and the Advanced Manufacturing Works facility located For many people, additive manufacturing is synonymous with 3D in Greenville, South Carolina, Power & Water is accelerating their printing. At GE, additive is 3D printing but also a much broader efforts towards this technology. tool kit of processes such as cold spray, direct write and electron beam technology that represent different ways of “building up” In addition to Power & Water, GE’s additive researchers have spread parts. Moreover, additive manufacturing itself is much more than their knowledge and development of new additive tools to GE Oil & just printing parts. GE uses additive throughout its manufacturing Gas and also GE Healthcare. In GE Oil & Gas, for example, 3D printing operations, from rapid prototyping and testing new designs to is being used to develop specialty parts such as control valves used developing new tooling. By 2025, we expect additive manufacturing in harsh environments. methods will be used in the design and manufacture of more than 20% of GE’s new product concepts. The GE Store difference: Additive manufacturing started as a research GE business applications: endeavor and has rapidly evolved into a cross-business Next year, GE’s Aviation’s CFM LEAP engine will enter into service technology platform where best practices and new with the world’s first 3D printed parts in the functional part of the developments can be shared from one GE business to engine. Each engine will have 19 3D printed fuel nozzles installed another. New material and manufacturing processes that are far more sophisticated in design, yet simpler to produce and that might have otherwise taken years can now be more efficient than than conventionally-produced nozzles. With well transferred and adapted in a matter of months or even over 8,000 engines on orders, GE will print more than 100,000 metal weeks. That’s the power additive manufacturing is parts by 2020. This experience with part development and industry bringing to GE’s business portfolio. scale-up for Aviation is beginning to translate quickly to other parts of GE’s business portfolio.

7 Composites Phosphors Automation Background: Background: Composites have been a breakthrough material for GE’s aircraft Light emitting diodes, or LEDs, are transforming the lighting engines and nacelles, wind blades and offshore riser pipes. With a industry with ever higher efficiency and functionality. But even with higher strength-to-weight ratio than metal, composites translate LEDs, lighting designers face a choice: Enhanced efficiency or into big savings on fuel and lower emissions. GE engineers are now enhanced color quality? Customers, of course, want both. The key, utilizing robotic and automated fiber placement technology (AFP) GE scientists believed, resided in developing better materials to along with data analytics to drive more efficient, cost effective and convert blue LED light into red light. With the new TriGain* high quality manufacturing for both polymer matrix and ceramic phosphor system, material scientists and chemists at GE Global matrix composites. Research and GE Lighting have delivered a novel solution that overcomes this trade-off to make lighting systems that lead the Composites manufacturing is a complex process from laying up the industry in both efficiency and color quality. GE Lighting has raw material to final part formation. Today most of the parts are partnered with Nichia to integrate LEDs with the TriGain phosphor made using a hand layup process and integrated process analytics system into products with high efficiency, color quality, and simpler to enable the consistent production of high quality parts. GE has system designs. Beyond lighting, the TriGain phosphor system is accumulated significant experience in manufacturing composites now also used in LCD display for phones, tablets, and TVs to give with complex shapes and sizes over the last three decades. As we similar advantages in color, efficiency, and system design. look to provide even more benefit to our customers, the challenge today is finding ways to manufacture composite components faster GE business applications: and cheaper. This has led to automation. The TriGain phosphor system is enabling many exciting new products for GE Lighting and GE Ventures including: GE business applications: • Lighting fixtures for retail and commercial customers requiring th This year marks the 20 anniversary that GE’s composite fan blade high color quality was certified for the GE90 engine. This marked the first Aviation • Replacement lamps for retail, commercial, and consumer customers use of revolutionary composite fiber polymeric material on a jet • Licensing TriGain technology for display applications engine’s front fan blade that stands as a unique feat today. Another first for jet engines will be the introduction of the Passport 20 fan • TriGain phosphor materials to designated licensees for display usage case in 2016 for the Bombardier 7000 business jet, which will be manufactured using automated fiber placement (AFP). Soon to The GE Store difference: follow that will be some of GE’s nacelle components for the Boeing The development of optical materials like phosphors is 747-8 and Airbus A320. AFP technology allows design flexibility, a critical expertise at GE Global Research that impacts consistent ply placement/compaction resulting in high quality, multiple GE businesses. Earlier work on GE Lighting along with substantial savings in materials and labor. With complex phosphors led to the discovery of a new scintillating shapes and multi-material systems, GE is paving the way for robotic material for GE Healthcare that was introduced in 2009 automation through its use of technologies ranging from pick and in the Discovery CT750, a high-definition Computed place to filament winding and fiber placement. Tomography (CT) scanner. This new material enabled a CT scanner that produced images 100 times faster while The GE Store difference: also improving the image quality of diagnostic images. The experience with automation on engine components Similarly, the collaboration between GE Ventures, provides the technical confidence and knowledge that it GE Lighting, and GE Global Research has accelerated the can be applied to wind blades, nacelle components and commercialization of TriGain LED phosphors into both in the future to composite flexible riser pipes for oil and lighting and consumer display markets. gas production.

8 Water Industrial (REMIS) Inspection Background: Background: When GE scientists were looking to help GE Power & Water In healthcare, GE researchers are driving advanced technologies in optimize desalter operations to enable refineries to more efficiently medical imaging and diagnostics to help doctors spot disease earlier and effectively process opportunity crudes, they needed to look no using non-invasive or minimally invasive imaging procedures. Over further than GE’s Healthcare business for the answer. While treating many decades, GE Healthcare has pioneered many industry firsts water for hydrocarbons seems a far cry from treating patients in and breakthroughs in a variety of imaging modalities from X-ray and healthcare, the technology tells a different story. ultrasound to CT, PET and MR imaging. Whether imaging a patient to look for disease or checking an industrial part to see if it is cracked At Global Research, GE scientists have been developing increasingly or damaged, the goal is the same: We want to help doctors or sensitive and selective sensors that support applications in a wide factory engineers make that diagnosis with as little disturbance as variety of GE’s industrial businesses. Resonant enhanced multivariate possible to the subject at hand. impedance spectroscopy (REMIS) sensors are one such platform. GE business applications: GE business applications: At GE Global Research, it’s not unusual to find teams of scientists and Originally developed for GE Healthcare to monitor critical engineers who work on both medical imaging and industrial inspection manufacturing parameters in single-use biopharmaceutical technologies. Indeed it was from Healthcare that we created and built manufacturing, GE scientists are now adapting these REMIS a whole business around Industrial Inspection. Today, the examples of sensors with GE Power & Water for the Integrated Solutions for how Healthcare technology has been applied to GE’s other industrial Refining (ISR) initiative. In the refinery setting, REMIS sensors businesses are numerous and growing more every year. will be deployed as an industrial probe to quantify water and oil compositions of complex emulsions with the durability to handle Computed Tomography (CT): In hospitals, we use CT to non- tough environmental conditions, corrosion, fouling, and drift; this will invasively see inside patients to diagnose cancer or cardiac health. enable better control of the application of our proprietary Chemical At GE Global Research, we’re applying the same technology to non- invasively inspect parts and equipment that make up our products. Portfolio used to treat both hydrocarbons and water. A great example is in Oil & Gas, where we are using CT to analyze Beyond GE Healthcare and Power & Water, the transfer of GE’s rock samples involved with oil exploration. We’re also using CT to REMIS sensor technology will flow to other businesses as well. GE inspect LEAP engine blades and high temperature composite parts Transportation will leverage this platform to detect contaminates for Aviation. We’re even using CT to look at the chemistry of our in lubricating oils, and GE Licensing has demonstrated value in energy storage batteries and study the properties of new materials detecting gases used for sterilization in medical device packaging being developed for an array of GE products. and other opportunities outside of GE’s core businesses. X-Ray: GE Healthcare’s Digital Radiography detectors, originally developed for cardiac imaging and mammography systems, have The GE Store difference: been adapted for industrial x-ray inspection. GE Measurement & The REMIS platform has led to sensors that are Controls (M&CS) is using these detectors for inspection across many being deployed for applications in GE Healthcare, applications in GE’s Aviation and Power & Water businesses. GE Power & Water, GE Transportation, and GE Licensing. Ultrasound: GE Healthcare has extensive experience in developing It’s a great example of how common technology phased array ultrasound probes and systems for medical imaging platforms developed at GE Global Research can be applications. This technology has been adapted for the development rapidly transferred across many GE business platforms. of industrial non-destructive testing devices, such as the Phasor series ultrasonic flaw detectors from GE M&CS that are used for many factory floor and field inspection applications, spanning welds, forgings, castings, bridges, and rail inspection. The GE Store difference: With decades of in-house medical imaging knowledge and a proven portfolio of imaging products, GE has been able to readily transfer imaging knowledge from Healthcare to support and create a multitude of inspection applications for our industrial businesses.

9 Industrial Internet

GE scientists and engineers are pairing our software and analytics expertise with our deep understanding of GE’s products from the design and manufacturing phases to create a digital model of each and every machine we deliver to our customers. The “Digital Twin” is a foundational analytic that will be used as part of many value-added applications for customers across all of GE’s businesses.

10 Digital Twin

Background: GE business applications: GE is creating physics-based analytics to bring increased insight The Digital Twin is a foundational analytic that can be used as part into every asset. To do this, GE engineers and scientists are applying of many value-added applications for customers across all GE our deep understanding of GE products from the design and businesses. These include product configuration, optimal parts manufacturing phases to create a digital model of each and every tracking and replacement, machine performance optimization, machine we deliver to our customers. prognostics, decision support, field services, and more. The Digital Twin will bring new services to our customers as well as allow GE to These Digital Twins are living digital models that are continuously execute on existing services more efficiently and effectively. updated as a machine operates and learns from its sensors. Through these models, we can know the remaining useful life of key parts GE is building the software architecture, data lake, model within the machine, without disrupting operations. At times, we also infrastructure, visualization, and applications on our Predix* may obtain rich information from the machine, especially during platform to enable the Digital Twin to be deployed at scale across planned inspections and maintenance. This information allows GE multiple industries and businesses. to compare and refine the model’s ability to predict the health of the machine at any point in time. GE is first applying this technology to our Aviation business for large commercial aircraft engines. In-flight sensor data is used to update As our machines operate around the world in various ways and in and personalize a performance and thermal model. This model will various conditions, GE is perfecting the art of modeling machine then be used to gain detailed insights of the stress and life of the health. We have created a Digital Twin of the machine that is the parts inside of the engine. From that, we can schedule the optimal foundation for the brain of the machine, a brilliant machine that time for part replacement. is continuously aware of its own health and can imagine its future health under any future conditions and advise its owner on the Next, GE will apply this technology to update and personalize best outcome. For example, the Digital Twin is used to optimize the performance and thermal models in gas turbines. Here, the control economics of our customer’s operations, which includes avoiding system employs the information from the Digital Twin to operate unplanned downtime. the gas turbine in a manner that optimizes economic output while managing risks associated with avoiding unplanned downtime. Building the Digital Twin combines many technologies including: Data science; big data; materials science; physics; estimation; The GE Store difference: optimization; controls; digital architecture; and user experience. The GE Store is a place where we create through GE researchers live at the intersection of these physical and collaboration. At Global Research, the greater value analytical sciences, bringing big data and big iron together for big comes from our ability to rapidly form multidisciplinary value for our customers. teams that bridge our deep domain expertise in the physical sciences with our great strength in software and analytics. Both were required when creating the Digital Twin.

11 Controls Convergence

Background: wind capture. By accurately predicting what will happen, we can Controls are the computers or brains on every industrial machine then design special control features in the turbine that enable that ensure safe operation, while allowing it to behave as directed by the turbine to adjust to changing conditions on its own for peak the operator. Today, GE researchers are taking automated controls performance. In the case of the 1.6MW–100M, the pitch of the beyond what they do in our products today to enable truly “brilliant turbine’s blade will automatically adjust to capture wind in the most machines” that raise their performance to new heights. advantageous way while mitigating the impact of stress incoming winds place on the tower. By relieving stress, these turbines can be This vision is bold and would not have been possible even a few manufactured with materials that are lower in cost to help make years ago. But rapid advances in high-performance computing, wind energy more cost competitive. software and analytics have put this vision squarely within our sights. For starters, these advances have allowed us to embed more GE is using model-based controls in our Transportation business knowledge within the machines themselves. Then, harnessing cloud as well to improve how trains are driven. Taking our knowledge connectivity and the power of our new software platform called about the train, the tracks, and the inter-car forces and stresses of Predix, we’re connecting every GE machine to the cloud. Finally, we’re operation, we created a product called Trip Optimizer that is now implementing a common communications platform and robust used by major railroads all over the world. It is essentially smart security into every GE asset, so that all our machines, whether a cruise control for trains that is delivering a sustainable 10% fuel gas turbine or wind turbine, can talk the same language. This will savings on average per train. enable “plug and play systems” that allow us to leverage the scale of GE offerings into solutions while getting substantial reductions in The GE Store difference: commissioning and engineering requisition time. Controls technology is allowing GE to take our physics, domain, and operations knowledge and apply it in real- GE business applications: time on our machines. Almost everything we sell uses GE’s Wind business has been an early adopter of advanced a control system to manage the operation of the asset. controls technology that has enabled the business to improve the Across the businesses, GE’s controls expertise is broad and energy capture of its 1.6MW-100M wind turbines by 20% while deep. Creating a common, advanced controls platform for also lowering materials costs on the manufacturing side. Using a all of the GE businesses to draw upon is unlocking a new family of technology called model-based controls, we can model “plug and play” world where we can take a solution for one the physics of what happens to wind turbines under varying wind business and readily transfer it to another. The end result conditions. We can analyze factors like stress on the turbine tower is already proving new levels of competitiveness and new or what the optimal pitch of a wind blade should be to maximize classes of services for our assets.

12 Predix* (APM)

Background: enabling processes-embedded diagnosis, enabled by insights into By combining intelligent machines, advanced analytics, and people operational industrial business processes and machine-specific at work, the Industrial Internet enables companies to move from operational conditions and physical parameters, for meaningfully reactive to proactive and predictive maintenance, achieve operator differentiated Monitoring and Diagnostics capabilities. consistency, and avoid surprises, which can ultimately drive key Receiving input from GE’s industrial businesses, the GE business outcomes. GE Software is helping customers to achieve Software team is ensuring we deliver horizontal capabilities outcomes by harnessing the power of the Industrial Internet around Monitoring and Diagnostics as a service. In turn, the through Predix. Predix is the cloud platform for the Industrial GE businesses can leverage this APM and Predix technology to Internet upon which developers can build and deploy industrial explore new commercial opportunities to service their customers strength apps such as for Asset Performance Management (APM) to with value-based solutions. help businesses optimize assets, fleets, and overall operations.

Predix combines an industry-leading stack of technologies The GE Store difference: for distributed computing and big data analytics, asset data Delivering Asset Performance Management software management, machine-to-machine communications and mobility. services and analytics is allowing GE to take our The platform extends beyond GE assets to connect machines data science, domain, and operations knowledge from any vendor or vintage. Additionally, in 2015, as Predix is and apply it in real time to help optimize customer made available beyond GE, technology partners, developers operations. By providing a common set of Monitoring and customers will be able to develop their advanced analytics and Diagnostics software services on the modern and applications for use across the world of industry creating an Predix Industrial Internet cloud platform, we are Industrial Internet ecosystem. enabling the GE businesses to extend their capabilities for specific customer needs. With Asset Performance GE business applications: Management available in a modern, multi-tenant, Asset Performance Management (APM) is a new discipline cloud-based architecture, the GE businesses can leveraging the integration of operations data, predictive analytics, deliver customers immediate value and expand our historical asset catalogs, and user experience for the purpose of reach from simply GE assets to the systems that maximizing asset reliability, reducing cost and risk, and unlocking support them. The end result is already proving new new growth opportunities. Actionable insights gained allow levels of competitiveness and delivering insights to asset-intensive companies to more efficiently operate critical customers that GE can deliver. assets that drive their business objectives. GE Software is

13 Distributed Health Service – Ultrasound Robotics Background: Background: Imaging continues to transform Healthcare, providing a window Service Robotics is a new class of intelligent machines that into the patient that aids physicians in developing diagnoses, represents another window to increased productivity, safety, and delivering therapy and monitoring response. The challenge today efficiency in our factories, hospitals and fleets. Service robots is making it more accessible and expanding its application at all will allow us to operate anywhere, at any time, and amplify our levels of healthcare, from hospitals to smaller clinical settings. capabilities in dull, dirty and dangerous environments. They will Ultrasound imaging provides an ideal pathway for expanding our serve as information gatherers that can safely interact with assets, reach in both areas. systems, and people. Already, we have seen the way ultrasound miniaturization has put GE business applications: high-tech imaging technologies into the hands of new users such as GE is developing Guardian, a Field Service Robotics platform primary care physicians, as well as into regions of the world where that can operate in industrial environments to address the 3 D’s these technologies are scarce. GE’s Vscan, a cell phone sized device described above. Rather than just building a robot, GE Global that you can fit in your pocket, is a great example of technology that Research is focused on developing a complete end-to-end solution is providing doctors with more affordable, mobile tools to deliver that addresses very specific challenges in industrial environments. care in more places.

Advanced ultrasound technologies, such as 4D imaging, are also The GE Store difference: making ultrasound easier to use. GE scientists have developed 4D Robotics may be applied across all of GE’s industrial Ultrasound imaging technologies that capture 3D images in such portfolio. It is a cross-disciplinary field combining rapid succession that motion is frozen, which provides a clearer innovations from across GE Global Research including: image. Each 3D image covers enough anatomy to simplify operation sensors, controls, power management, computer vision, of the system. These advances have greatly alleviated concerns of mechanical systems and autonomy. Advancements motion and ease of use in heart imaging. And along with improved in robotics for one industrial domain can be rapidly imaging, advances in visualization and image analysis have further adapted to others. eased interpretation for clinical personnel. GE business applications: 4D Ultrasound is available on GE’s Vivid, LOGIQ, and Voluson product lines, addressing cardiac, general imaging, and women’s health applications for fast, simple and precise diagnosis. Advances in electronics and computing may someday allow these technologies to be available on GE’s Point-of-Care and Primary Care Ultrasound equipment for guidance, screening and distributed health. The GE Store difference: Advances in miniaturization benefit the entire Ultrasound product line. Advances in imaging with the presence of motion that start in our premium cardiac systems flow down to our general imaging and women’s health products. And advances in visualization addressing ease of use are driven by our women’s health products and flow down to our general imaging and cardiac products. Ultrasound imaging is not just a Healthcare technology. Ultrasound is shared across our manufacturing and service industries: Aviation, Wind, Oil & Gas. For example, composite materials for Aviation parts are inspected using ultrasound during the manufacturing process.

14 Energy

Drawing upon combustion expertise from GE’s Aviation, Power & Water, Oil & Gas and Marine business, GE was the first to build a locomotive that met the EPA’s mandate of Tier 4 emissions. Moreover this was accomplished without the need for costly aftertreatment systems, which was once thought impossible by the diesel engine community. 15 Combustion/Tier 4 Fuel Cells

Background: Background: For more than 100 years, GE scientists and engineers have GE – Fuel Cells is in an internal start-up developing solid oxide fuel pushed the boundaries of combustion technology, spawned cell systems that provide businesses and communities around the new industries for GE and pushed efficiency and performance world the ability to efficiently generate clean, reliable power locally of turbine engines to new heights. It was Dr. Sanford Moss, a GE at the point of use. This opportunity is enabled by an advanced engineer in the late 1800s and early 1900s, whose development manufacturing breakthrough and innovative hybrid system design of the “turbo supercharger” led to the launch of the company’s gas developed at GE Global Research. turbine division and later, its Aviation business. GE’s reciprocating engine products in Transportation for locomotives, in distributed Conventional wisdom tells us that energy efficiency will rise as your power spaces such as our Jenbacher gas engines and in Oil & Gas power system scales up in size. The performance of GE’s hybrid solid for oil and gas production also are well established. oxide fuel cell solution has turned this concept on its head. Pairing GE’s solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology with our natural gas GE business applications: engines, this hybrid system can achieve efficiency levels of 65% in a distributed power package. Recently, our freight locomotive business faced and met the challenge of achieving the difficult EPA mandate of Tier 4 emissions that became effective in January 2015. Consensus in the diesel GE business applications: engine community was that it would be impossible to meet these This new GE start-up in distributed power is projected to provide: new emissions regulations without the use of aftertreatment • 1-10 MW of power systems. This would require hundreds of millions of dollars in new • Projected 60-65% system efficiency investments by railroad companies to comply. • Ultra low emissions

Applying significant learnings from compressor and turbine • On-site energy to provide critical power in case of grid disruption technology developments as well as emissions reduction know- To fast track GE’s Hybrid SOFC solution to market, GE created this how from our Marine business, GE Tier 4 solution was able to meet new start-up under GE Ventures. Typically, the launch of a new the new Tier 4 standards without the need for aftertreatment industrial business can take years. Using GE’s FastWorks model, technologies. This solution involved 27 patent applications, of which GE – Fuel Cells has built up a team and robust pilot manufacturing 14 already have been granted. operation within months. To date, more than 1,000 orders have been placed for GE’s Tier 4 freight locomotives. The GE Store difference: GE – Fuel Cells has the speed and agility of a small start-up, The GE Store difference: yet has access to the breadth and strength of GE. By The Tier 4 Locomotive solution significantly leveraged leveraging technology from GE Global Research, operating learnings from compressor and turbine technologies we tools and processes from the businesses and with access were developing for our Oil & Gas business as well as to world class experts, supply and market channels, we are emissions reduction know-how from our Marine engine able to advance at a rapid pace. business. These performance “recipes” have in turn been made available to our Distributed Power business and are being applied to the new Series X gas engine.

16 Oil & Gas Rotating Machinery

Background: The GE Store difference: As Oil & Gas production moves to tougher, harder-to-reach GE draws heavily on its vast turbomachinery portfolio to environments, oil and gas turbomachinery has to deliver higher accelerate technology introduction into new product lines. performance in power and efficiency, with a reduced footprint and Gas compression technology advances for Oil & Gas make weight. Additionally, some of these systems must handle harsher use of computational fluid dynamics techniques developed mixes of gas, liquids, and other constituents that present additional for GE Aviation and proven on helicopters turboshaft fleet. challenges. To address these difficult problems, it helps to have This same technology is being introduced simultaneously a proven team of world-class experts in fluid-dynamics, thermal, into GE’s customized low pressure turbocharger on GE combustion, advanced materials and metallurgy that bring decades Transportation’s new Evolution Series Tier 4 Locomotive. of experience solving similar technology challenges for other forms Material and hard coating developed for aircraft application of turbomachinery that GE makes for its Aviation and Power & have been migrated in to multiphase compressor and Water businesses. pumps with heavy sour and acid contaminants increasing the life of components. Reliable gas turbine technology GE business applications: such as combustion, compression and durability draw from Power density gas compression, multi-phase flow pumping and gas our demonstrated field experience in aircraft propulsion turbine technology are three areas impacting the vast range of GE and power generation technology. Finally, even our newest Oil & Gas turbomachinery product lines. acquisitions such as ESPs can be rapidly leveraged to • In power density, we’re translating aerodynamic, bearing and create new product capabilities in new spaces such as rotor dynamics technology from Aviation to enable a new class of subsea pumps. smaller footprint, higher efficiency gas compressors. • In multi-phase flow, we’re developing more sophisticated designs for pumping turbomachinery to handle the widest range of oilfield conditions. Originally developed for GE Oil & Gas’ electrical submersible pump (ESP) product, this technology is now being developed for a new subsea pump to fill out its centrifugal pump product line. • In gas turbines technology, we are leveraging our high efficiency, low emission combustion, proven hot gas path technology and advanced aerodynamic concepts to create the NovaLT16 gas turbine with best-in-class availability, efficiency and operability. This product is especially designed for demanding pipeline applications in remote areas, where longer maintenance intervals (up to 35k hrs) are attractive.

17 *Trademark of General Electric Company