Less Revolution, More Realpolitik China's Foreign Policy in the Early
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What Is the Theory of Three Worlds?
To All Ldn cdes From DC WHAT IS THE THEORY OF THE THREE WORLDS? Tbe;DC was asked to give a lead in the effort to better under~tand Mao Zedong's Theory.o:f the Differentiation of the Three Worlds (TTW). Th1s paper is the first . of 3 or 4 to be distributed b.~fore we hold a London . meeting on the ·subject in late November. The Nat1onal c~nference on the 1nte~ national situation is due t.o be held next June and our study on a district level will be well directed in preparation for it. In the 4 years since the Editorial Dept of the People's Daily of China brought out the booklet expounding the theory very clearly and preciseq (Foreign Languages Press 1977) . it. has come t~ occupy. a most important position iri Marxist-Leninist circles everywhere. Acceptance of the theory as a strat-egic conce.pt has become the touchstone for .Marxist-Leninists, in the same way that the realisation that th~ Soviet Union had. become an M-L basic principle in the pre-vious 110 years. It is the TTW which proved.to be the tombstone for the social-chauvinist Birchites of the CPB(M-L) and reve~led the hollowness of the adulation o•f the Bainesites of the then CPE(M-L). Thc.y categorically rejected it. At the same time, sycophants of the ne.w :theory appeared who embraced _it so tightly that the pips. squeaked. · Today it has become a line of demarcation which marks us out . ~mong all the 'left' forces in Britain. -
Contemporary China: a Book List
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY: Woodrow Wilson School, Politics Department, East Asian Studies Program CONTEMPORARY CHINA: A BOOK LIST by Lubna Malik and Lynn White Winter 2007-2008 Edition This list is available on the web at: http://www.princeton.edu/~lynn/chinabib.pdf which can be viewed and printed with an Adobe Acrobat Reader. Variation of font sizes may cause pagination to differ slightly in the web and paper editions. No list of books can be totally up-to-date. Please surf to find further items. Also consult http://www.princeton.edu/~lynn/chinawebs.doc for clicable URLs. This list of items in English has several purposes: --to help advise students' course essays, junior papers, policy workshops, and senior theses about contemporary China; --to supplement the required reading lists of courses on "Chinese Development" and "Chinese Politics," for which students may find books to review in this list; --to provide graduate students with a list that may suggest books for paper topics and may slightly help their study for exams in Chinese politics; a few of the compiler's favorite books are starred on the list, but not much should be made of this because such books may be old or the subjects may not meet present interests; --to supplement a bibliography of all Asian serials in the Princeton Libraries that was compiled long ago by Frances Chen and Maureen Donovan; many of these are now available on the web,e.g., from “J-Stor”; --to suggest to book selectors in the Princeton libraries items that are suitable for acquisition; to provide a computerized list on which researchers can search for keywords of interests; and to provide a resource that many teachers at various other universities have also used. -
East Asia Forum Quarterly: Volume 2, Number 2, 2010
EASTEc ONOmIcS, POlItIcS AND PuBASIAlIc POlIcy IN EASt ASIA ANDFORUM thE PAcIFIc Vol.2 No.2 April-June 2010 $9.50 Quarterly Questions for Southeast Asia Surin Pitsuwan ASEAN central to the region’s future Andrew MacIntyre Obama in Indonesia and Australia Dewi Fortuna Anwar Indonesia, the region and the world Thitinan Pongsudhirak Thailand’s unstoppable red shirts Tim Soutphommasane From stir-fries to ham sandwiches Ingrid Jordt Burma’s protests and their aftermath Greg Fealy Jemaah Islamiyah, Dulmatin and the Aceh cell and more . EASTASIAFORUM CONTENTS Quarterly 4 surin pitsuwan ISSN 1837-5081 (print) ASEAN central to the region’s future ISSN 1837-509X (online) From the Editor’s desk 6 andrew macintyre common causes: Obama in Indonesia and Southeast Asia defies simple categorisation. Among its countries Australia there are obvious contrasts: big and small, vibrant and stagnant, 8 don emmerson attractive and troubling, peaceful and unsettled, quaint and web- ASEAN and American engagement in East savvy, confronting and embracing. The contributors to this issue Asia of the EAFQ grapple with parts of the Southeast Asian mosaic, 10 dewi fortuna anwar punctuated, as ever, by domestic intrigues, national ambitions, and Indonesia, the region and the world international engagements. 11 greg fealy What ties the articles in this issue together, but never in a neat or terrorism today: Jemaah Islamiyah, seamless way, is the position of these countries, hemmed in by the Dulmatin and the Aceh cell much larger societies of china and India, and now forced to confront 13 thitinan pongsudhirak a world where ferocious technological and cultural change tests even The unstoppable red shirts the most effective governments. -
THE POLITICS of INCOME DISTRIBUTION in THAILAND by Brewster Grace August 1977
SOUTHEAST ASIA SERIES Vol. XXV No. 7 (Thailand) THE POLITICS OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN THAILAND by Brewster Grace August 1977 Introduction Diverse economic, cultural, and political forces the country. We can then describe how it is dis- have coalesced and clashed in Thailand since Field tributed, how the need for redistribution further Marshall Thanom Kittikachorn and General Pra- broadened demands for more economic and polit- pass Charusathien established their absolute dic- ical participation and opportunity, and how, as tatorship in 1971. Their rule by decree virtually these demands resulted in increased instability, eliminated popular political participation at a time reaction to them also increased. when corruption and economic decline began to severely restrict economic participation and oppor- Basic Wealth tunity by low and middle income groups-the majority of the population of Thailand. Thailand's 1976 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), at current prices was an estimated US16 billion. Conflict first appeared in 1973 when students Agriculture, the largest single contributor and em- organized and rebelled against the rule by decree of ployer, accounted for nearly 27 percent or $4.3 Thanom and Prapass. It grew rapidly during the billion. following three years of civilian, representative government when activist efforts to reform basic Historically, rice made up the principal part of distribution patterns within the economy led to this production. And still today land on which it is increasing confrontation with politicized estab- grown, the product itself, its trade and its milling- lished economic interests. The latter included all provide production opportunities for most much of the military and newly mobilized rural Thais. -
The King's Nation: a Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand
THE KING’S NATION: A STUDY OF THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATION AND NATIONALISM IN THAILAND Andreas Sturm Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London (London School of Economics and Political Science) 2006 UMI Number: U215429 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U215429 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 I Declaration I hereby declare that the thesis, submitted in partial fulfillment o f the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and entitled ‘The King’s Nation: A Study of the Emergence and Development of Nation and Nationalism in Thailand’, represents my own work and has not been previously submitted to this or any other institution for any degree, diploma or other qualification. Andreas Sturm 2 VV Abstract This thesis presents an overview over the history of the concepts ofnation and nationalism in Thailand. Based on the ethno-symbolist approach to the study of nationalism, this thesis proposes to see the Thai nation as a result of a long process, reflecting the three-phases-model (ethnie , pre-modem and modem nation) for the potential development of a nation as outlined by Anthony Smith. -
The Mishu Phenomenon: Patron-Client Ties and Coalition-Building Tactics
Li, China Leadership Monitor No.4 The Mishu Phenomenon: Patron-Client Ties and Coalition-Building Tactics Cheng Li China’s ongoing political succession has been filled with paradoxes. Jockeying for power among various factions has been fervent and protracted, but the power struggle has not led to a systemic crisis as it did during the reigns of Mao and Deng. While nepotism and favoritism in elite recruitment have become prevalent, educational credentials and technical expertise are also essential. Regional representation has gained importance in the selection of Central Committee members, but leaders who come from coastal regions will likely dominate the new Politburo. Regulations such as term limits and an age requirement for retirement have been implemented at various levels of the Chinese leadership, but these rules and norms will perhaps not restrain the power of Jiang Zemin, the 76-year-old “new paramount leader.” While the military’s influence on political succession has declined during the past decade, the Central Military Commission is still very powerful. Not surprisingly, these paradoxical developments have led students of Chinese politics to reach contrasting assessments of the nature of this political succession, the competence of the new leadership, and the implications of these factors for China’s future. This diversity of views is particularly evident regarding the ubiquitous role of mishu in the Chinese leadership. The term mishu, which literally means “secretary” in Chinese, refers to a range of people who differ significantly from each other in terms of the functions they fulfill, the leadership bodies they serve, and the responsibilities given to them. -
How Can Realism Be Utilised in an Understanding of the United States/New Zealand Relationship Over Nuclear Policy?
How can realism be utilised in an understanding of the United States/New Zealand relationship over nuclear policy? By Angela Fitzsimons A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters of International Relations (MIR) degree School of History, Philosophy, Political Science and International Relations Victoria University of Wellington 2013 Abstract This thesis examines the decision making process of the United States and New Zealand on the nuclear policy issue through the lens of realism and analyses the effect of realism on the ANZUS alliance. Broader questions associated with alliances, national interest, changing priorities and limits on the use of power are also treated. A single case study of the United States/ New Zealand security relationship as embodied in the ANZUS treaty will be used to evaluate the utility of realism in understanding the decision making process that led to the declaration by the United States that the treaty was in abeyance. Five significant findings emerged: firstly both New Zealand and the United States used realism in the decision making process based on national interest, Secondly; diverging national interests over the nuclear issue made the ANZUS treaty untenable. Thirdly, ethical and cultural aspects of the relationship between the two states limited the application of classical realism to understanding the bond. Fourthly, normative theory accommodates realist theory on the behaviour of states in the international environment. Finally, continued engagement between the United -
The Rarity of Realpolitik the Rarity of Brian Rathbun Realpolitik What Bismarck’S Rationality Reveals About International Politics
The Rarity of Realpolitik The Rarity of Brian Rathbun Realpolitik What Bismarck’s Rationality Reveals about International Politics Realpolitik, the pur- suit of vital state interests in a dangerous world that constrains state behavior, is at the heart of realist theory. All realists assume that states act in such a man- ner or, at the very least, are highly incentivized to do so by the structure of the international system, whether it be its anarchic character or the presence of other similarly self-interested states. Often overlooked, however, is that Real- politik has important psychological preconditions. Classical realists note that Realpolitik presupposes rational thinking, which, they argue, should not be taken for granted. Some leaders act more rationally than others because they think more rationally than others. Hans Morgenthau, perhaps the most fa- mous classical realist of all, goes as far as to suggest that rationality, and there- fore Realpolitik, is the exception rather than the rule.1 Realpolitik is rare, which is why classical realists devote as much attention to prescribing as they do to explaining foreign policy. Is Realpolitik actually rare empirically, and if so, what are the implications for scholars’ and practitioners’ understanding of foreign policy and the nature of international relations more generally? The necessity of a particular psy- chology for Realpolitik, one based on rational thinking, has never been ex- plicitly tested. Realists such as Morgenthau typically rely on sweeping and unveriªed assumptions, and the relative frequency of realist leaders is difªcult to establish empirically. In this article, I show that research in cognitive psychology provides a strong foundation for the classical realist claim that rationality is a demanding cogni- tive standard that few leaders meet. -
The Kiwi That Roared: Nuclear-Free New Zealand in a Nuclear-Armed World
Wade Huntley THE KIWI THAT ROARED: NUCLEAR-FREE NEW ZEALAND IN A NUCLEAR-ARMED WORLD by Wade Huntley Dr. Wade Huntley is Program Director for Asia/Pacific Security at the Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainable Development in Berkeley, California, where he produces the Northeast Asian Peace and Security Network’s Daily Report (www.nautilus.org). He has an article in the March 1996 issue of International Studies Quarterly and is working on a book based on his doctoral dissertation, “The Citizen and the Sword: Security and Democracy in the Liberal State.” The University of California’s Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation provided support for research on this article. n July 14, 1984, New policy was widely criticized as a evance to larger democracies, is that Zealand elected its fourth frivolous moral exercise indulging a mass public is ill-suited to make O Labour government and vocal anti-nuclear activists and play- wise and prudent decisions regard- thus brought into effect its policy de- ing on an impassioned and unin- ing state security. Recent research claring the country “nuclear free,” formed public, while needlessly on this subject indicates that popu- which included prohibiting port entry jeopardizing the country’s national lar opinion is not as volatile and in- by any ships either under nuclear interests and sacrificing its ANZUS coherent, nor its effects on security power or carrying nuclear weapons.1 alliance relationship with the United policy as pernicious, as once The government’s commitment to States.3 This judgment is rooted in thought. However, many of these this policy reached a moment of truth two converging claims. -
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Light of Organization Theory Written by Hossein Aghaie Joobani
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Light of Organization Theory Written by Hossein Aghaie Joobani This PDF is auto-generated for reference only. As such, it may contain some conversion errors and/or missing information. For all formal use please refer to the official version on the website, as linked below. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Light of Organization Theory https://www.e-ir.info/2013/02/22/the-shanghai-cooperation-organization-in-light-of-organization-theory/ HOSSEIN AGHAIE JOOBANI, FEB 22 2013 Introduction Since the end of the First World War, international organizations (IOs) have sprung up at a rapid pace, and particularly after 1945, they gradually evolved into becoming integral components of global governance. IOs have gained prominence by engaging actively in the processes of interpretation, production, and promotion of norms, principles, and policies in the global political system. The ambit and jurisdiction of IOs vary depending on the basic structure and content of their founding charters, although the purview of their activities encompasses a wide variety of issue-areas. As different types of IOs expand, the question arises whether or not their avowed purposes and overall functions comport with widely-held rules and democratic values, and if there is any universal model or replicable institutional structure that can be possibly utilized as a definitive example of a successful international institution. For instance, the European Union (EU), which is perceived as a supranational entity with an extraordinarily wide range of competencies, has successfully managed to profile itself as a bureaucratic organization capable of expanding its power while avoiding, albeit not entirely successfully, the risk of weakening its legitimacy. -
Globalization and National Development
Globalization and National Development The Perspective of the Chinese Revolution A RIF D IRLIK University of Oregon globalization: the problem of national development under the regime of globalization. The juxtaposition of the terms globalization and national development points to a deep contradiction in contemporary thinking, or a nostalgic longing for an aspiration that may no longer be relevant, but is powerful enough still to disturb the very forces at work in relegating it to the past. There is a suggestion in arguments for globalization that national devel- opment may be achieved through globalization, which in turn would be expected to contribute to further globalization, and so on and so forth into the future, which goes against the tendency of these same arguments to set the global against the national as a negation of the latter. While it may not be a zero-sum relationship, the relationship between globalization and national development is nevertheless a highly disturbed one. Understood as the persistence of commitments to autonomy and sovereignty, most impor- tantly in the realm of the economy, the national obstructs globalization just as globalization erodes the national, at the same time rendering irrelevant ● 241 242 ● Globalization and National Development any idea of development that takes such autonomy and sovereignty as its premise. If we are to take globalization seriously, in other words, the very idea of national development becomes meaningless. On the other hand, if national development as an idea is to be taken seriously, as it was for most of the past century, then globalization appears as little more than an ideo- logical assault on the national, to rid the present of the legacies of that past. -
The BRICS As an EU Security Challenge the Case for Conservatism
The BRICS as an EU Security Challenge The Case for Conservatism Clingendael Report Peter van Ham The BRICS as an EU Security Challenge The Case for Conservatism Peter van Ham Clingendael Report September 2015 September 2015 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. Cover photo: The heads of state of the BRICS countries at the BRICS summit in Ufa. © Host Photo Agency BRICS Summit Ufa All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. About the author Dr Peter van Ham is Senior Research Fellow at the Clingendael Institute in The Hague, the Netherlands, and Adjunct Professor at the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium. The author thanks Anne Bakker for her research assistance. Clingendael Institute P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague The Netherlands Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/ Contents Summary 5 Introduction: The Resistible Rise of the BRICS 6 The BRICS as a Security Challenge 6 Scope and Focus of this Report 8 1 The BRICS as a Security Challenge in Multilateral Forums 10 BRICS: From Economic to Political Clout 13 BRICS Security Cooperation: Real or Imagined? 18 Diversifying the Institutional Landscape 25 2 The EU’s Neighbourhood and the BRICS: Security Implications 28 China, Russia and India in the EU’s Strategic Backyard 29 The EU’s Vulnerable Southern Flank 33 Exploiting the EU’s Euro Crisis 34 Conclusion: The Case For Conservatism 36 Abbreviations 39 4 Summary Apart from demanding a larger “voice” in global governance, most BRICS members are overall satisfied with the international system’s present functioning and therefore cherish a conservative, rather than revolutionary, vision of the global economy.