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Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796
Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 By Thomas Lucius Lowish A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Professor Jonathan Sheehan Professor Kinch Hoekstra Spring 2021 Abstract Catherine the Great and the Development of a Modern Russian Sovereignty, 1762-1796 by Thomas Lucius Lowish Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Victoria Frede-Montemayor, Chair Historians of Russian monarchy have avoided the concept of sovereignty, choosing instead to describe how monarchs sought power, authority, or legitimacy. This dissertation, which centers on Catherine the Great, the empress of Russia between 1762 and 1796, takes on the concept of sovereignty as the exercise of supreme and untrammeled power, considered legitimate, and shows why sovereignty was itself the major desideratum. Sovereignty expressed parity with Western rulers, but it would allow Russian monarchs to bring order to their vast domain and to meaningfully govern the lives of their multitudinous subjects. This dissertation argues that Catherine the Great was a crucial figure in this process. Perceiving the confusion and disorder in how her predecessors exercised power, she recognized that sovereignty required both strong and consistent procedures as well as substantial collaboration with the broadest possible number of stakeholders. This was a modern conception of sovereignty, designed to regulate the swelling mechanisms of the Russian state. Catherine established her system through careful management of both her own activities and the institutions and servitors that she saw as integral to the system. -
From%20Irina%20Reyman%2C%20Ritualized%20Violence
PHYSICAL INVIOLABILITY AND THE DUEL pUNCH OR STAB: THE RUSSIAN DUELIST’S DILEMMA The Russian duel was a surprisingly and consistently violent affair. I do not imply that Russian duels were more deadly than those in the West (the fatality rate in Russia never approached that in France in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries or in Germany at the end of the nineteenth century).1 I mean rather that conflicts over honor were frequently resolved in unregu lated spontaneous physical confrontations rather than in formal en- counters . Furthermore, those confrontations differed from rencontres in that they involved direct physical contact—hand-to-hand fighting or the use of weapons unrecognized by the dueling ritual, such as walking sticks or whips. The use of standard dueling weapons— swords or pistols—appears to have been optional. In other words, from the introduction of the duel in Russia to its demise, a conflict over honor was as likely (and at times more likely) to result in an im mediate and violent hand-to-hand fight as in a formal duel of honor. This happened so frequently that physical force seems to have been an accepted alternative to the duel. In fact, it would be possible to write (—S A Brief History of Dueling in Russia 97 98 a variant history of dueling in Russia featuring fistfights, slaps in the Everyone present—nobles face, and battering with walking sticks. and commoners, officers and enlisted men, Historians of the Russian women too—had at each other. Klimovich’s wife was beaten with a duel have consistently ignored or dis missed this ugly and violent club and her mother threatened.4 Grinshtein seems to have won this alternative behavior as aberrant. -
Download the Complete Volume for 2017
Midlands Historical Review Volume 1 2017 Cover Image. Detail from Britannia Saxonica (1695) by Robert Morden. Held within the Public Domain and accessed via Wikimedia Commons. Midlands Historical Review ISSN 2516-8568 Volume I, 2017 Published by the Midlands Historical Review With thanks to the editorial board. David Civil, Founding Editor David Robinson, Founding Editor Jonathan Roche, Founding Editor Gary Fisher, Founding Editor With thanks to the assistant editors Thomas Black Christopher Booth Kate Garland Joe Himsworth Joanne Lord Darcie Mawby Marco Panato Thomas Rose James Smith Kimberley Weir Published by Midlands Historical Review © 2018 Midlands Historical Review Midlands Historical Review Founded 2017 Midlands Historical Review is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, student-led journal which showcases the best student research in the Arts and Humanities. It was founded in 2017 by a group of PhD students from diverse academic backgrounds and receives support from the University of Nottingham’s Department of History and School of Humanities. Students in the Arts and Humanities produce valuable contributions to knowledge which, once a degree has been awarded, are often forgotten. High quality research deserves an audience regardless of the level of education it was produced for. The research published by the Midlands Historical Review encourages and enables later cohorts of students to build upon previous students’ work. Contents Human Nature and the Joint Social Project: Towards a Coherent 1 Notion of Alienation Gaby Beckley Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner and Hollywood’s 17 Misrepresentation of the Politics of Interracial Relationships in 1960s America Sarah Dunne Ants and Cicadas: South American Football and National Identity 28 Mark Orton Pierre Nora, Memory, and the Myth of Elizabeth I 49 Tom Rose The Iconography of Kingship: Masques, Antimasques, and 66 Pastorals Thomas Black The “Russian” Woman? Cultural Exceptionalism among 88 Noblewomen in Late Imperial and Revolutionary Russia Darcie Mawby Book Reviews Belief and Unbelief in Medieval Europe. -
Peter the Great and His Changing Identity Emily Frances Pagrabs Wofford College
Wofford College Digital Commons @ Wofford Student Scholarship 5-2016 Peter the Great and His Changing Identity Emily Frances Pagrabs Wofford College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/studentpubs Part of the European History Commons, and the Slavic Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Pagrabs, Emily Frances, "Peter the Great and His Changing Identity" (2016). Student Scholarship. Paper 17. http://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/studentpubs/17 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Wofford. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Wofford. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Peter the Great and His Changing Identity Senior History Honors Thesis May 11, 2016 Emiley Pagrabs Pagrabs 1 Introduction Well aware of the perception that foreigners held of him, Peter the Great would never apologize for his nationality or his country. A product of his upbringing, Peter did have some qualities that many foreigners criticized as barbaric and harsh. Said Peter: They say that I am cruel; that is what foreigners think of me, but who are they to judge? They do not know what the situation was at the beginning of my reign, and how many were opposed to my plans, and brought about the failure of projects which would have been of great benefit to my country obliging me to arm myself with great severity; but I have never been cruel…I have always asked for the cooperation of those of my subjects in whom I have perceived intelligence and patriotism, and who, agreeing with my views, were ready to support them.1 Essentially, Peter I was simply a Russian. -
Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Migrating Minds
Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Volume 5: Issue 1 Migrating Minds AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies, University of Aberdeen JOURNAL OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH STUDIES Volume 5, Issue 1 Autumn 2011 Migrating Minds Published by the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen in association with The universities of the The Irish-Scottish Academic Initiative ISSN 1753-2396 Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies General Editor: Cairns Craig Issue Editor: Paul Shanks Associate Editor: Michael Brown Editorial Advisory Board: Fran Brearton, Queen’s University, Belfast Eleanor Bell, University of Strathclyde Ewen Cameron, University of Edinburgh Sean Connolly, Queen’s University, Belfast Patrick Crotty, University of Aberdeen David Dickson, Trinity College, Dublin T. M. Devine, University of Edinburgh David Dumville, University of Aberdeen Aaron Kelly, University of Edinburgh Edna Longley, Queen’s University, Belfast Peter Mackay, Queen’s University, Belfast Shane Alcobia-Murphy, University of Aberdeen Ian Campbell Ross, Trinity College, Dublin Graham Walker, Queen’s University, Belfast International Advisory Board: Don Akenson, Queen’s University, Kingston Tom Brooking, University of Otago Keith Dixon, Université Lumière Lyon 2 Marjorie Howes, Boston College H. Gustav Klaus, University of Rostock Peter Kuch, University of Otago Graeme Morton, University of Guelph Brad Patterson, Victoria University, Wellington Matthew Wickman, Brigham Young David Wilson, University of Toronto The Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies is a peer reviewed journal published twice yearly in autumn and spring by the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen. -
Enlightenment and Dissent No.29 Sept
ENLIGHTENMENT AND DISSENT No.29 CONTENTS Articles 1 Lesser British Jacobin and Anti-Jacobin Writers during the French Revolution H T Dickinson 42 Concepts of modesty and humility: the eighteenth-century British discourses William Stafford 79 The Invention of Female Biography Gina Luria Walker Reviews 137 Scott Mandelbrote and Michael Ledger-Lomas eds., Dissent and the Bible in Britain, c. 1650-1950 David Bebbington 140 W A Speck, A Political Biography of Thomas Paine H T Dickinson 143 H B Nisbet, Gottfried Ephraim Lessing: His Life, Works & Thought J C Lees 147 Lisa Curtis-Wendlandt, Paul Gibbard and Karen Green eds., Political Ideas of Enlightenment Women Emma Macleod 150 Jon Parkin and Timothy Stanton eds., Natural Law and Toleration in the Early Enlightenment Alan P F Sell 155 Alan P F Sell, The Theological Education of the Ministry: Soundings in the British Reformed and Dissenting Traditions Leonard Smith 158 David Sekers, A Lady of Cotton. Hannah Greg, Mistress of Quarry Bank Mill Ruth Watts Short Notice 161 William Godwin. An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice ed. with intro. Mark Philp Martin Fitzpatrick Documents 163 The Diary of Hannah Lightbody: errata and addenda David Sekers Lesser British Jacobin and Anti-Jacobin Writers during the French Revolution H T Dickinson In the late eighteenth century Britain possessed the freest, most wide-ranging and best circulating press in Europe. 1 A high proportion of the products of the press were concerned with domestic and foreign politics and with wars which directly involved Britain and affected her economy. Not surprisingly therefore the French Revolution and the French Revolutionary War, impacting as they did on British domestic politics, had a huge influence on what the British press produced in the years between 1789 and 1802. -
The Concept of Constitution in the History of Political Thought
Arkadiusz Górnisiewicz and Bogdan Szlachta (Eds.) The Concept of Constitution in the History of Political Thought Arkadiusz Górnisiewicz and Bogdan Szlachta (Eds.) The Concept of Constitution in the History of Political Thought Managing Editor: Katarzyna Michalak Associate Editor: Arkadiusz Górnisiewicz Language Editor: Mark C. Anderson ISBN 978-3-11-058191-1 e-ISBN 978-3-11-058192-8 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. © 2017 Arkadiusz Górnisiewicz, Bogdan Szlachta and chapter`s contributors. Published by De Gruyter Open Ltd, Warsaw/Berlin Part of Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published with open access at www.degruyter.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Managing Editor: Katarzyna Michalak Associate Editor: Arkadiusz Górnisiewicz Language Editor: Mark C. Anderson www.degruyteropen.com Cover illustration: © 2017 4FR, gettyimages Complimentary copy, not for sale. Contents Editors’ Note and Acknowledgments IX Bogdan Szlachta 1 The Ambiguity of Constitutionalism 1 Bibliography 12 Paweł Kaczorowski 2 Epistemology of Constitution 14 2.1 Part One 14 2.2 Part Two 19 2.3 Conclusion 28 Bibliography 29 Alvydas Jokubaitis 3 Can the Constitution Do Away with Nation State? 32 3.1 The Phenomenon of Central and Eastern Europe 33 3.2 The Nature of the Nation State 36 3.3 The Conflict between Nation and -
In the Lands of the Romanovs: an Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English-Language Accounts of the Russian Empire
ANTHONY CROSS In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of The Russian Empire (1613-1917) OpenBook Publishers To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/268 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917) Anthony Cross http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2014 Anthony Cross The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt it and to make commercial use of it providing that attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Cross, Anthony, In the Land of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0042 Please see the list of illustrations for attribution relating to individual images. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omissions or errors will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. As for the rights of the images from Wikimedia Commons, please refer to the Wikimedia website (for each image, the link to the relevant page can be found in the list of illustrations). -
Disillusionment and Years of Conflict, 1884– 1905
chapter 3 Disillusionment and Years of Conflict, 1884– 1905 In 1885, growing tensions between Great Britain and Russia ended a decade of relative ease and no foreign threat to Sweden-Norway. The two great pow- ers ultimately clashed in Afghanistan in the so- called Panjdeh Incident on 30 March 1885. The Russian Empire had been advancing into central and south- ern Asia since 1839, and it pushed on to Afghanistan in the early 1880s. Great Britain considered the advance a threat to India, and quickly entered into dis- cussions about the Afghan border with the Russians in 1882. An agreement on a boundary commission was reached in the summer of 1884, but the Russians kept driving southwards. In March 1885, they crushed the Afghan forces and annexed the Panjdeh district before the commissioners had arrived. The Brit- ish prepared for war, but the issue was eventually settled following the inter- vention of the Amir of Afghanistan.1 Before this solution was reached, however, the strained relations between London and St. Petersburg had transferred to the European territories. With the Baltic Sea forming a natural arena for a war between Russia and Great Britain, Sweden- Norway found itself in the most precarious situation it had been in since the Berlin Congress of 1878. The Swedish-Norwegian government ordered military preparedness when it learned of the confrontation between the British and the Russians, and quickly decided on the rearmament of what was left of its navy and the reinforcement of Gotland’s defences. It also revised its neutrality policy to better support Russia’s interests after Russia’s foreign minister, Nikolay Girs, told the Swedish-Norwegian minister in St. -
John Elphinstone (1722-1785)
John Elphinstone (1722-1785) John’s family had lived in Orkney since about 1550, but their lands having been lost or dispersed to various cousins, John’s father, John Elphinstone (1703-1743) came to London and took up a seafaring life, initially in merchant ships and then in the Royal Navy. He married (30th December 1721, St. Mary’s Whitechapel) Ann Williams, daughter of a West India planter, and their son John was born 4th October 1722 and baptised at St. Paul Shadwell, Wapping (the ‘sailor’s church’). At the time John passed his examination for the rank of Lieutenant, on 11th July 1745, he had already been at sea for six years, including in the merchant service in the Mediterranean. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 23rd August 1746, when he was serving on the Scipio. John married Amelia Warburton (1735-1786; daughter of John Warburton, Somerset Herald of Arms and antiquary) in 1750; they had 11 children. By 1757 John was serving on the Royal Sovereign when he was promoted to Commander of the London Buss, which served as a convoy ship to protect the Dutch mails (the Dutch were neutrals during the Seven Years War). On 5th May 1757 he was appointed as Commander of the fireship Salamander, initially going out to the Mediterranean and then serving under Commodore Lord Howe in his campaign against the French Channel ports during the summer of 1758. This involved a series of ‘hit and run’ amphibious attacks on French ports including St. Malo and Cherbourg. After a partially successful attacks on St. -
The Scots in Russia
THE SCOTTISH SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE. CHAPTER I. THE SCOTS IN EUSSIA. Carmichael of Howgate Dalziel of Binns Generals Drutn- mond and Bruce, the Founder of the Eussian Artillery and Engineers Col. Whiteford Geijer's Report. AMONG the earliest Scottish adventurers in Russia was John Carmichael, son of the Laird of Howgate, and grand- son of James Carmichael of Hyndford and that Ilk, who took service under the Czar Ivan Basilowitz, a prince who did much to promote the civilisation of his subjects, by inviting artisans from Liibeck and elsewhere, and who first formed a standing army the Strelitz, or Body Guard of Archers at the head of which he conquered Kazan in 1552, and two years subsequently Astrakan. John Carmichael, at the head of 5,000 men, greatly distinguished himself at the siege of Pleskov, in the district of Kiev, then invested by Stephen, King of Poland, when its garrison was said to consist of 70,000 foot and 7,000 of this horse (which seems barely probable) ; and city, 2 THE SCOTTISH SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE. then the only walled one in Muscovy (Atlas Geo., 1711), John Carmichael was made Governor. Feodor, the successor of Ivan, in 1595 gave up to Sweden the province of Esthonia, where at some early period the Douglases must have acquired lands, as there is a place there still the but the last heiress of named Douglasberg ; that line (says Murray, in his letters from the Baltic, 1841), the Countess of Douglas, was married to Count Ingelstrom. According to ^Relations of the most Famous Kingdomes, published in 1630, the number of Scotch and Dutch in the " Czar's service is given at only 150 all in one band." General Baron Manstein, in his Memoirs of Russia, (1773), tells us that during the war with Poland the Czar Alexis Michailowitz, grandson of Feodor, who succeeded to the throne in 1645, formed his regiments of infantry on the European plan, and gave the command of them to " foreign officers. -
The Tsars' CABINET
The Tsars’ Cabinet: Two Hundred Years of Russian Decorative Arts under the Romanovs The Tsars’ Cabinet: Two Hundred Years of Russian Decorative Arts under the Romanovs Education Packet Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………..2 Glossary……………………………………………...........5 Services…………………………………………………….7 The Romanov Dynasty.……………………………..............9 Meet the Romanovs……….……………………………….10 Speakers List...…………………………………..………...14 Bibliography……………………………………………….15 Videography……………………………………………….19 Children’s Activity…………………………………………20 The Tsars’ Cabinet: Two Hundred Years of Russian Decorative Arts under the Romanovs is developed from the Kathleen Durdin Collection and is organized by the Muscarelle Museum of Art at the College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, in collaboration with International Arts & Artists, Washington, DC. The Tsars’ Cabinet This exhibition illustrates more than two hundred years of Russian decorative arts: from the time of Peter the Great in the early eighteenth century to that of Nicolas II in the early twentieth century. Porcelain, glass, enamel, silver gilt and other alluring materials make this extensive exhibition dazzle and the objects exhibited provide a rare, intimate glimpse into the everyday lives of the tsars. The collection brings together a political and social timeline tied to an understanding of Russian culture. The Tsars’ Cabinet will transport you to a majestic era of progressive politics and dynamic social change. The Introduction of Porcelain to Russia During the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, Europe had a passion for porcelain. It was not until 1709 that Johann Friedrich Böttger, sponsored by Augustus II (known as Augustus the Strong) was able to reproduce porcelain at Meissen, Germany. After Augustus II began manufacturing porcelain at the Meissen factory, other European monarchs attempted to establish their own porcelain factories.