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Captain Thomas Webb, Pioneer of American Methodism FRANK BAKER

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Captain Thomas Webb, Pioneer of American Methodism FRANK BAKER Captain Thomas Webb, Pioneer of American Methodism FRANK BAKER CAPTAI Thomas Webb is familiar to all students of early Methodism in America. That is, his name is familiar-though too little is known about the man himself. He strides onto the pages of our history books, a green patch covering the socket of the right eye lost under General Wolfe; he lays his sword by the open Bible and announces himself as a oldier of the cross and a spiritual son of John Wesley. He builds a chapel for the Methodists, and is gone. He comes from nowhere and disappears into oblivion. True, he finds a niche in the Dictionary of American Biography (not, be it noted, in its older British counterpart); but the information given is meager and somewhat misleading. What manner of man was he? What were his actual connections with the British army? With the American revolutionaries? When, where, and to whom was he married? Did he leave any family? What kind of a preacher was he? What happened to him after he left America? Why has no biography of him ever been written? The last question is perhaps the easiest to answer. As a matter of fact some memoirs were prepared upon his death in 1796, as part of a funeral oration ( of thirty-two printed pages) by a Methodist preacher named John Pritchard, a work now extremely rare. Several later writers have set out to prepare a biography, but many of the seeds of desire have fallen upon the stony ground of lack of evidence, or have been choked by the discouraging weeds of inaccuracy in the traditional evidence that is readily available; still others have been devoured by the birds of the air in the shape of descendants of Webb who appear to have destroyed papers that might be interpreted to his discredit. I confess that I too have for years been gathering material about him, and have at times been greatly discouraged. The evidence keeps accumulating, however, and after having followed up a few more lines of research I hope in the next few years to prepare a full biographical study of Dr. FRANK BAKER, lecturer in church history at the Divinity School of Duke University, is a native of England. Dr. Baker is an authority on the Wesleys and early Methodist history; his works include Methodism and the Love Feast and ReprerentQtive Verse of Charles T,V esley. 406 CAPTAIN THOMAS WEBB this British pioneer of American Methodism. This article attempts some­ thing much more modest, a snapshot rather than a portrait. Thomas Webb was extremely reticent about his family background. Clearly he was an Englishman, and apparently a west country man. A letter of April rs, 1786, shows that he was born May 31, 1725. Thus at his death on December 20, 1796, he was not in fact "aged 72" as the me­ morial tablet near his vault in Bristol states ( there is no record of age in the burial register) but in his seventy-second year. THE WOUNDED SOLDIER Our next certain date is October 29, I 7 54, when the twenty-nine-year­ old Webb secw-ed a commission as quartermaster in the 48th Regiment of Foot. The following year, on ovember 9, he was promoted to lieutenant in the same regiment, which was transferred two days later to a new colonel, Daniel Webb. ''Webb's" regiment (regimental numbers were rarely used), with Thomas Webb as one of its handful of lieutenants, was among the reinforcements brought to America in I 7 5 8 to stem the advance of the French in the north. On July 27, 1758, the tide turned with the capture of Louisburg by Generals Amherst and Wolfe; Webb's memorial tablet claims that "at the siege of Louisburg" he lost an eye. The following year, on September I 8, Quebec surrendered to the British, both Wolfe and Mont­ calm losing their lives. This even more famous engagement has also been pointed out as the occasion when Webb lost his eye, though one version credits him with a mere wounded arm at the scaling of the Heights of Abraham. The legends surrounding General Wolfe baffle readers eager to dis­ cover what kind of a man and a general he really was. Legends have al o grown up around that very junior officer in his army named Thomas Webb, sometimes even to the point of hinting that he was Wolfe's righthand man. Perhaps this is partly Webb's own fault. The heats of war distort men's recollections. Particularly is this true when events are recalled through the haze of distant memory, after separate happenings have fl.own together into a unity, and tiny dramatic embellishments have disguised themselves as truth. The 48th Regiment of Foot was indeed present at both actions· indeed, Thomas Webb volunteered for the hazardous task of carrying' scaling ladders at the storming of Louisburg. He was not present however when Wolfe conquered Quebec. The truth is romantic, but slightly' less' romantic than the legend. He lost hi~ eye during the Battle of Montmorency on July ~ 17 59, a year after Lou1 burg and almost two months before RELIGION IN LIFE Quebec. It is understandable that Montmorency was not greatly publicized in the English press, and that Webb's memory of the specific engagement was occa ionally submerged in the general campaign, for Montmorency was a devastating French victory which certainly delayed the capture of Quebec, nor did it reveal Wolfe at his best as a general. From his camp six miles north of Quebec, on the far side of the ontmorcncy River, Wolfe had long been wondering how to secure a foot­ hold nearer the city. At length he took to boats and attacked the French entrenchments along the cJiffs lining the junction of the Montmorency and the t. awrence. The men climbing the steep slopes were mowed down o cruelly that many of the wounded had to be left behind-for scalping by the waiting Indians. Only a thunderstorm prevented the defeat from becoming a massacre. Wolfe recorded 210 killed and 230 wounded, in­ cluding one colonel and 27 junior officers. Among these was Webb. A musket ball hit the socket of his right eye, was diverted through the eyeball, passed through his palate into his mouth, and was then swallowed. His only recollection was a flash of light as his eye was destroyed. He was one of the fortunate men carried to a boat. With help, all were landed except Webb. Looking at him one of the soldiers said, "He needs no help; he is dead enough." Just then Webb's senses returned for a moment and he croaked, "No, I am not dead." They struggled ashore with him, but it was three months before he was fit to carry out any duties. Not for him the Heights of Abraham. That summer of r7 59 was memorable for Lieutenant Thomas Webb for another reason. He became an author. While in winter quarters he had prepared a volume which was intended as a stepping stone to military pro­ motion. The work was advertised in the issues of the Pennsylvania Journal for May 24 and 31 as "in the press, and will speedily be published by subscription." It was printed by William Dunlap of Philadelphia-a slight book of Ir 2 pages entitled A Military Treatise on the Appointments of the Army. Webb offered "many hints, not touched upon before by any author," and proposed "some new regulations in the army, which will be particularly useful in carrying on the war in North-America." His observations included the criticism that British weapons were generally too heavy for American service, and that one of the chief problems was securing good flints. The dedication to Admiral Boscawen sought pardon for any shortcomings, assign­ ing as a reason what was also a broad hint: "humbly relying on your well known goodness, that you will pass over those defects of observation, whose origin may perhaps be the want of a more enlarged sphere of action." There CAPTAI THOMAS WEBB is an interesting sequel. In 1774, when General Washington needed a treatise on military discipline in anticipation of war with Britain, the only one that his aide-de-camp could discover in Philadelphia was this by Webb, which Washington therefore read, and presumably turned to good service against the British. His copy now reposes in the Boston Athenaeum. Five years went by, and the Seven Years War ( or French and Indian War) had been over for a year before Webb was finally recommended for a captaincy and the command of a company in "Webb's" regiment-whether as a reward for scholarship, bravery, or seniority, or a combination of all three, we do not know. By that time, however, his circumstances had altered. He was a married man. The bond for his marriage with Mary Arding of New York, dated August 29, 1760, has been discovered by Dr. Marvin E. Harvey in New York's colonial records, badly damaged by a disastrous fire in 191r. Rather than return to the British Isles with his regiment, even as a captain, he refused the promotion, and shortly afterward retired from active duty on half a lieutenant's pay. He was, however, accorded the courtesy title belonging to the proffered captaincy. To augment his income, July 2, 1764, he took over nominal duties as barrack master at Albany. The next we know is that the man who sacrificed promotion to stay in America with his wife and child did in fact return to his native land.
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