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Swedish Model of Social and Economic Development

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Swedish Model of Social and Economic Development NATIONAL SECURITY & DEFENCE π 1 (105) CONTENTS 2009 SWEDEN AND UKRAINE: PARTNERSHIP FOR THE FUTURE Stefan GULLGREN ...................................................................................................................2 Founded and published by: UKRAINE AND SWEDEN: PARTNERSHIP TESTED BY HISTORY Yevgen PEREBYINIS .................................................................................................................3 UKRAINE–EU: WHAT WILL THE FORTHCOMING DAY BRING US? Kostyantyn YELISEYEV ............................................................................................................6 UKRAINIAN CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC & POLITICAL STUDIES “SWEDISH MODEL”: BRIEF REVIEW OF ITS EMERGENCE, GAINS AND PROBLEMS NAMED AFTER OLEXANDER RAZUMKOV • SWEDEN TODAY: GENERAL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................9 Director General Anatoliy Rachok • SWEDEN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY ........................................................11 Editor-in-Chief Maryna Melnyk • SWEDEN OF THE XXI CENTURY: SPECIFICITY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...................13 Layout and design Oleksandr Shaptala • EXPORT SUPPORT: THE SWEDISH EXPERIENCE Technical & computer Anatoliy BOBROVYTSKY ....................................................................................................15 support Volodymyr Kekuh • PUBLIC FINANCE ..................................................................................................................17 This magazine is registered with the State Committee • THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET PROCESS ...............................................................18 of Ukraine for Information Policy, • SOCIAL FOCUS OF THE STATE POLICY ...................................................................................20 registration certificate KB №4122 • INTERNATIONAL.. ACTIVITIES OF THE SWEDISH PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT SERVICE Bengt LYNGBACK, Оlga KOULAEVA ...................................................................................21 Printed in Ukrainian and English ARTICLES Circulation: 3 800 SWEDEN: THE PATH FROM UNDERDEVELOPMENT TO MODERNIZATION Fabian WALLEN ......................................................................................................................23 Editorial address: 46 Volodymyrska str., Office Centre, 5th floor, PROMOTION OF OCCUPATIONAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH: Kyiv, 01034 EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE AND CHALLENGES tel.: (380 44) 201-1198 Lennart LEVI, Cary L. COOPER ..............................................................................................27 fax: (380 44) 201-1199 NEW CHALLENGES AND THREATS REQUIRE NEW APPROACHES TO DEFENCE: e-mail: [email protected] SWEDISH EXPERIENCE web site: www.razumkov.org.ua Oleksiy MELNYK, Alla CHERNOVA .........................................................................................30 INSTITUTE OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN SWEDEN Reprinted or used materials must refer to Olga MIROSHNYK ..................................................................................................................37 “National Security & Defence” SWEDISH SECURITY MODEL: PEACE-LOVING, WELL-ARMED NEUTRALITY Mykhaylo PASHKOV ...............................................................................................................40 The views expressed in this magazine do not necessarily reflect those ENERGY POLICY OF SWEDEN: CERTAINTY OF GOALS, CONSISTENCE, ENCOURAGEMENT of the Razumkov Centre staff Volodymyr SAPRYKIN ............................................................................................................44 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SWEDEN AND UKRAINE Photos: Vasyl FEDYUK, Andriy BYCHENKO .........................................................................................48 Ukrinform – pp. 5, 56 SPECIFICITY OF THE SWEDISH MONETARY POLICY Vasyl YURCHYSHYN ..............................................................................................................51 R.Alimov – p. 47 © Razumkov Centre, 2009 The following experts worked on the materials : Andriy Bychenko, Alla Chernova, Vasyl Fedyuk, Oleksiy Melnyk, Olga Miroshnyk, Mykhaylo Pashkov, Anatoliy Rachok, Volodymyr Saprykin, This project was made possible through Liudmyla Shanghina, Vasyl Yurchyshyn. support provided by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) Information on how to receive this magazine on a regular basis may be found at: http://www.razumkov.org.ua/magazine SWEDEN UKRAINE SWEDEN AND UKRAINE: Stefan GULLGREN, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador PARTNERSHIP of the Kingdom of Sweden to Ukraine FOR THE FUTURE I am honoured to be given this opportunity to address European Union. The Eastern Partnership initiative and the the readers of this edition of ”National Security & Defence” negotiations with Ukraine on an Association Agreement dedicated to Swedish-Ukrainian relations. and a deep Free Trade Agreement are important issues on First and foremost it should be noted that our relations are the EU’s external relations agenda. excellent. The number of visits in both directions, including It will be a challenge at this critical juncture in the at the highest level, is a good indicator. We continue to see world economy to avoid the temptations of protectionism. a positive trend in trade, investment and business contacts, Some argue that by protecting the national market with even at a time of economic crisis. People-to-people contacts trade barriers and other measures, the impact of the global develop at a steady pace. We share a political will to economic crisis will be diminished. In Sweden, we view strengthen and deepen our relations in all fields. this as a dangerous path. We are strong believers in the My vision of Swedish-Ukrainian cooperation is principles of free trade, which we continue to view as a broad network of self-sustainable partnerships in trade, the best recipe for economic recovery, and for sustainable finance, education, science, culture and other spheres. growth and prosperity. Free trade ensures competition, The guiding principles for us in this endeavour should whereby the market will work to the benefit of the be democracy and respect for human rights, the rule of consumer, not in the interest of inefficient producers of law and the principles of a modern market economy, the goods and services that would never find a buyer without conviction that the sustainable management of natural the covering shield of protectionism. In other words, free resources and the care for the environment is not only trade leads to efficiency and prosperity – protectionism, important but necessary, and that we all share in the if maintained, leads to waste and stagnation. responsibility for the global issue of climate change. That is why we are convinced that a deep Free There is also a European dimension to our relations. Trade Agreement must be a cornerstone of any future Sweden remains a strong supporter of Ukraine’s European EU-Ukraine Association Agreement. We want Ukraine to aspirations. The Swedish Government has adopted a five- prosper together with us. We need to remove barriers for year Strategy to assist Ukraine in its efforts to adapt its trade and investment, not impose them. legislation and administration to European standards. The focus of our support will be on democratic governance The negotiations of this agreement will be a hard and on efforts to improve energy efficiency and the exercise. It will require Ukraine to undertake serious, environment. These are important, indeed crucial areas. In long-term commitments. The European Union is, above addition, the energy and environmental technology market all, a legal union. At its heart is the Common market, with has a huge potential for growth, and Swedish companies 450 million people. The proper functioning of this market are already among the leaders in the world on this market. is ensured by laws and regulations that apply equally This year, 2009, will be a difficult year for the world for all. A Free Trade Agreement would give Ukraine economy. The crisis in the financial system has led to access to this market. It would also help Ukraine attract a global economic recession. We all feel its effects. To foreign investment in production of goods aimed for this turn the tide will require wise political leadership and an market. The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement is thus unprecedented readiness to shoulder responsibility for less about political slogans, and more about propitious unpopular but necessary decisions, both domestically and conditions for economic growth. globally. If we manage to take the right decisions today, Although there will be many difficulties ahead, then we will all be able to reap the harvest of prosperity I am still hopeful about 2009. It will indeed be a year of tomorrow. If not, then we will all be in trouble. challenges, but also of opportunities. We should focus on For Sweden, 2009 will pose a particular challenge. the opportunities, while facing the challenges with steely On 1 July, Sweden will assume the Presidency of the resolve and optimism. 2 • RAZUMKOV CENTRE • NATIONAL SECURITY & DEFENCE • No.1, 2009 UKRAINE SWEDEN UKRAINE AND SWEDEN: Yevgen PEREBYINIS, Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador PARTNERSHIP TESTED of Ukraine to the Kingdom of Sweden BY HISTORY I am extremely pleased to greet the readers of the 1% of the world industrial produce, nearly 2% of the special issue of the “National Security & Defence” world export. The effectiveness of the Swedish
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