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From the Pages of History FROM THE PAGES OF HISTORY BY PANDIT JANKI NATH KACHROO FROM THE PAGES OF HISTORY BY PANDIT JANKI NATH KACHROO SOURCE : MILCHAR , KPA, MUMBAI , INDIA EDITOR : MAHARAJ K. RAINA Copyright © 2011 by Milchar, a Kashmiri Pandit Association (KPA), Mumbai publication (http://iKashmir.net/milchar) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of Kashmir News Network. For permission regarding publication, send an e-mail to [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 BRIBE DISCOVERED .................................................................................... 1 2.0 AFGHAN RULE IN KASHMIR ........................................................................ 3 3.0 SELECTING A SUCCESSOR ......................................................................... 10 4.0 KASHMIR - JUNE 1947 TO OCTOBER 1947 ................................................ 12 4.1 THE STATE AS ON 15 TH AUGUST 1947 ........................................................... 12 4.2 EVENTS JUNE 1947 ONWARDS ..................................................................... 12 5.0 GARDEN TRADITION AND THE MUGHAL CONTRIBUTION .......................... 16 5.1 SHALIMAR GARDEN ................................................................................... 16 6.0 FANATICISM NOT HEREDITARY ................................................................ 18 6.1 LIBERALISM OF QUTUB -UD -DIN .................................................................... 18 6.2 ZAIN -UL -ABDIN 'S JUSTICE .......................................................................... 18 6.3 INSTINCTIVE JUSTICE ................................................................................ 18 6.4 UNCOMMON JUDGMENT .............................................................................. 19 7.0 13TH JULY 1931 AND AFTER ..................................................................... 20 7.1 THE BACKGROUND ................................................................................... 20 7.2 FOLLOW UP ACTIONS ................................................................................. 21 7.3 GLANCY COMMISSION ............................................................................... 21 8.0 KASHMIRI LOSES HER INDEPENDENCE ..................................................... 22 9.0 KASHMIRI UNDER MUGHALS .................................................................... 25 9.1 AKBAR 'S VISIT ........................................................................................ 25 9.1.1 Healing touch ............................................................................... 26 9.1.2 Welfare and Relief Measures .......................................................... 26 9.1.3 Administrative Reform ................................................................... 27 9.2 JEHANGIR ............................................................................................ 27 9.2.1 First Visit ..................................................................................... 27 9.2.2 Gardens ...................................................................................... 27 9.2.3 Administration .............................................................................. 28 9.2.4 Plague and Fire ............................................................................ 28 9.2.5 Prosperity .................................................................................... 28 9.3 SHAH JEHAN : 1627-58 AD ........................................................................ 28 9.4 AURANGZEB : 1658-1707 AD ..................................................................... 29 9.5 SUCCESSORS OF AURANGZEB : 1707-1753 AD ................................................ 29 Kashmir News Network i http://ikashmir.net TABLE OF CONTENTS 10.0 BEYOND SYMBOLISM - OUR RITUALS ....................................................... 30 11.0 1947-48: INDO-PAK WAR ......................................................................... 33 11.1 POLICY /O BJECTIVES OF BRITAIN ................................................................... 33 11.2 SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS .......................................................................... 34 11.3 ROLE OF BRITISH OFFICERS DEFINED ............................................................. 35 12.0 INDO-PAK WAR - PART II ......................................................................... 36 12.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 36 12.2 FATEFUL FORTIES AND KASHMIR ................................................................... 36 12.3 BARAMULLA EPISODE ................................................................................ 37 12.4 THE WINNER .......................................................................................... 37 12.5 QUIT KASHMIR MOVEMENT .......................................................................... 37 13.0 INDO-PAK WAR - PART III ....................................................................... 39 13.1 PLEBISCITE - ITS GENESIS AND CURRENT STATUS .............................................. 39 13.2 MAHARAJA HARISINGH ’S PROCRASTINATION ..................................................... 39 13.3 KASHMIR IGNORED ................................................................................... 40 13.4 WHAT DOES THIS ATTITUDE SUGGEST ? ........................................................... 40 13.5 RELEASE OF ABDULLAH - TIME LOST .............................................................. 41 13.6 ACCESSION TO INDIA ................................................................................ 41 13.7 WHY CONDITIONAL ? ................................................................................. 42 13.8 INDIA ’S EFFORTS AND PAKISTAN ’S REACTION .................................................... 43 13.9 UNITED NATIONS EFFORTS .......................................................................... 43 14.0 INDO-PAK WAR - PART IV ........................................................................ 45 14.1 IMPLICATIONS ......................................................................................... 45 14.2 SUPPLEMENTARY PROPOSAL ......................................................................... 45 14.3 NEHRU ’S LIBERAL OFFER ............................................................................ 46 14.4 RATIFICATION OF ACCESSION ...................................................................... 46 14.5 PAKISTAN ’S PRIORITY ................................................................................ 47 14.6 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................... 47 14.7 REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 47 Kashmir News Network ii http://ikashmir.net TABLE OF CONTENTS 15.0 INDO-PAK WAR 1947-48 .......................................................................... 49 15.1 FACTS : LESS KNOWN BUT REVEALING ............................................................. 49 15.2 26 TH OCTOBER 1947 ............................................................................... 49 15.3 PEOPLE ’S EFFORTS ................................................................................... 50 15.4 AIR FIELD ESCAPES ASSAULT ....................................................................... 50 15.5 BATTLE OF SHALLATENG - UNPLANNED VITAL HELP .............................................. 51 16.0 AGENDA FOR SOCIAL REFORM AND ITS SOME FORE-RUNNERS ................ 53 16.1 AT HOME ............................................................................................ 53 16.2 IN EXILE ............................................................................................ 53 17.0 BUS 2005 .................................................................................................. 56 18.0 A COMMUNITY IN EXILE ........................................................................... 58 18.1 PRE -1949 SAGA ..................................................................................... 58 18.2 SOCIAL CONTROL AND REFORMS ................................................................... 59 18.3 KASHMIRI PANDIT EXILEES NEVER FORGET THEIR MOTHERLAND ............................... 60 18.4 CHALLENGES .......................................................................................... 60 19.0 PROFILE ................................................................................................... 63 Kashmir News Network iii http://ikashmir.net From The Pages of History Pandit Janki Nath Kachroo 1.0 BRIBE DISCOVERED In olden times sovereigns were the fountain heads of justice in their lands with no codified laws at hand, no works of Jurisprudence to guide and no prescribed procedures to follow. The dispenser of justice had to rely on his intelligence, observation, wit and integrity to give impartial judgments. History is replete with examples how fair judgments have been delivered time and again. One such episode belongs to the reign of the King, Yasaskara (939- 948 AD). There lived a wealthy citizen (name not known) during Yasaskara's reign. Somehow bad luck struck him and he became a pauper. To pay off his debts, he sold off all his property including his mansion but excluding a well with a
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