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Bestemmelsesnøgle Tillarver Af Danske Ptychopteridae (Diptera, Nematocera ), Med Noter Om Arternes Habitatpræferenser SØREN BIRKHOLM HANSEN

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Bestemmelsesnøgle Tillarver Af Danske Ptychopteridae (Diptera, Nematocera ), Med Noter Om Arternes Habitatpræferenser SØREN BIRKHOLM HANSEN Bestemmelsesnøgle tillarver af danske Ptychopteridae (Diptera, Nematocera ), med noter om arternes habitatpræferenser SØREN BIRKHOLM HANSEN Hansen, S. B.: Key to larvae of Danish Ptychopteridae (Diptera, Nematocera), with noteson habitat preferences. Ent. Meddr 49: 59-64. Copenhagen, Denmark, 1981. ISSN 0013-8851. A key to final instar larvae of the family Ptychopteridae is presented. It ineludes six Danish species: Ptychoptera albimana (Fabr., 1787), P. contaminata (L., 1758), P. lacustris Mg., 1830, P. minuta Tonn., 1919, P. paludosa Mg., 1804 and P. scutellaris Mg., 1818. Larvae of the seventh Danish species P. longicaudo (Tonn., 1919) arenot available. The key has been constructed using Danish material. Only P. scutellaris is redrawn from an English key. Noteson habitat preferences are given. l t should be noticed that it is impossible to use Ptychoptera as indicators of organic pollution without knowing the species. Only two of the Danish species indicate or­ ganic pollutiol).. Søren Birkholm Hansen, Ferskvandsbiologisk Laboratorium, Helsingørsgade 51, DK-3400 Hillerød, Danmark. Larver af familien Ptychopteridae forekommer danske Diptera. Forfatteren har indsamlet larver udelukkende i ferskvand. Det er ikke en talrigt af 5 danske arter, P. albimana, P. contaminata, P. forekommende gruppe, men alene i kraft af der­ lacustris, P. minuta og P. paludosa. Brindle (1962) es størrelse har larverne betydning for sekun­ angiver karakterer for larver af P. scutellaris, dærproduktionen og er dermed vigtige for mens der ikke findes brugbare beskrivelser af P. omsætningsforholdene. longicauda's larver. Ptychoptera anvendes nogle steder som indika­ tor for forurening med organisk stof (Andersen et al., 1970; Abrahamsen, 1976). Dette er ikke Nøglens forudsætninger og anvendelse uden videre muligt, da 5 af de 7 danske arter ik­ I modsætning til andre vigtige insektordner, der ke indicerer forurening. For eksempel findes der forekommer i ferskvand, er bestemmelseslittera­ store populationer af P. paludosa og P. lacustris i turen om Diptera meget sparsom. Nærværende den helt rene Fønstrup Bæk, Nordsjælland nøgle er udarbejdet med henblik på danske ek­ (Hansen, 1979). semplarer af Ptychoptera, og kun for P. scutella­ Af familien forekommer i Danmark kun slæg• ris' vedkommende, hvor danske larver ikke ken­ ten Ptychoptera Meigen, hvoraf der er fundet 7 des, er karaktererne hentet fra udenlandsk litte­ arter som imagines. Nielsen (1924) angiver 6 ar­ ratur. ter fra Danmark: P. albimana (Fabr., 1787), P. Som grundlag for nøglen er brugt engelske contaminota (L., 1758), P. lacustris Mg., 1830, P. nøgler af Brindle (1962, 1966). Karaktererne er paludosa Mg., 1804, P. scutellaris Mg., 1818 og P. tilpasset danske forhold, og hvor dansk materi­ longicauda (Tonn., 1919). Det har siden vist sig, ale findes, er tegningerne udført efter dette. Kun at P. scutellaris var forkert bestemt, og i stedet til­ P. scutellaris er omarbejdet efter Brindle. Marke­ hører de pågældende eksemplarer den meget ringen af abdominalsegmenterne (Fig. l, 2) føl­ nærstående art P. minuta Tonn., 1919 (Nielsen, ger dog Peus (1958). For nemheds skyld er bibe­ 1947). Fund af imagines af P. scutellaris angives holdt betegnelsen submentum, brugt i samme af Nielsen ( 194 7) og Tjeder ( 1968). betydning som Johannsen (1934). Larverne er 25-45 mm lange, cylindriske og Vedrørende anvendelsen af nøglen skal føl­ med et længere eller kortere ånderør i bagen­ gende bemærkes: den. De kan ikke forveksles med andre larver af Det kræver lup eller binokulært mikroskop 59 segmenter ofte er mere eller mindre trukket ind i hinanden. De angivne mål er længden af fuld­ voksne individer. Ånderørets længde er ikke medregnet. Nøgle l. Mælkehvid eller grålig hvid. Dorsalsiden af de før­ ste 5 abdominalsegmenter med tydeligt ringforme­ de rækker af sorte setae (Fig. l). Dorsalsiden af 6. og 7. abdominalsegment med fremtrædende, men sparsomme mørke setae (Fig. 12) ...................... 2 - Grå eller mørkegrå, ofte med brunligt islæt. Dorsal­ siden af de 5 første abdominalsegmenter med tæt 6 bleg behåring, ingen ringformede rækker af mørke setae er synlige (Fig. 2). Dorsalsiden af 6. og 7. ab­ 7 dominalsegment er uden fremtrædende mørke se­ tae, undtagen hos lacustris, hvor også enkelte utyde­ 6 2 lige mørke setae kan ses på dorsalsiden af de første 5 abdominalsegmenter . .. 4 7 2. Hovedet ensfarvet brunt til mørkebrunt. Bag øjen­ pletterne ses et lyst område. Labrum brunt, af sam­ me farve som resten af hovedet. Submentum (Fig. 6) længere og smallere, næsten 2 gange så langt som bredt ved den smalle bagende. Øjenpletter kan væ• 1 cm re utydelige. Længde 28-38 mm. Den synlige del af ånderøret er over l cm langt (Fig. 12) . contaminata Hovedet lysere i farven, gulligt eller brunligt. Hvis brunligt ofte med store lyse områder omkring Øjen• pletterne. Labrum sædvanligvis mørkere end hove­ det. Submentum kortere, noget mindre end 2 gange så langt som bredt ved bagenden (Fig. 8, IO). Øjen• pletter tydelige. Den synlige del af ånderøret er over l cm langt . 3 3. Hovedet gulligt, sortagtigt ved den bageste rand. Fig. 1-2. Ptychoptera contaminata (1), og P. pa/udosa (2), Bagranden af submentum lidt konveks, går bag lini­ dorsalsiden. De 3 thoracalsegmenter og de 8 første ab­ en, der begrænser hovedets bagkant (Fig. 8). Læng• dominalsegmenter er angivet med tal. (The 3 thoracal de 23-29 mm. De sidste abdominalsegmenter og segments and the first 8 abdominal segments are indicated ånderøret ses på Fig. 14 . minuta by numbers ). Hovedet gulbrunt eller brunt med lysere områder ved øjenpletterne. Bagranden af submentum noget konkav, går ikke bag linien, der begrænser hove­ dets bagkant (Fig. IO). Længde ca. 28 mm. De sid­ ste abdominalsegmemer og ånderøret ses på Fig. 16 med 20-40 x forstørrelse at skelne karaktererne, . scutellaris især er det vigtigt at se nøje efter de mørke setae 4. Lange mørke setae på dorsalsiden af 6. og forreste på dorsalsiden af segmenterne. halvdel af 7. abdominalsegment. Setae sidder ofte Karaktererne er taget fra4. stadium larver, så tæt, at der ikke ses noget rum mellem basis af de men de gælder med rimelig sikkerhed på 3. sta­ setae, der udgør en ring midt på 7. abdominalseg­ dium larver. ment. (Fig. 13). I alle tilfælde ses basis af hver seta Bedømmelsen af farver er vanskelig, da cuti­ som en mørk plet. Hovedet mørkt brunt med lysere culaen er meget tynd, så farve fra tarmindholdet områder omkring øjenpletterne. Længde 25-32 mm. Den synlige del af ånderøret under l cm langt kan påvirke helhedsindtrykket. Desuden findes .............................................................. /acustris der ofte belægninger uden på cuticulaen. Lige Mørke setae på dorsalsiden af 7. abdominalsegment efter hudskifte er et individs hovedkapsel meget mangler. Ringformede rækker af setae på de første lysere, end det er angivet i nøglen. 5 abdominalsegmenter mangler (Fig. 2) . 5 Længden kan være svær at måle, da de sidste 5. Hovedet meget stærkt sklerotiseret, mørkt brunt og 60 labrum f-----------1 sub:nentum 3 4 0,5 mm Fig. 3-4. Ptychoptera albimana, hovedkapselmorfologi, dorsalsiden (3) og ventralsiden (4). (Morpho/ogy ofhead capsu­ /e, dorsal view (3) and ventral new (4) ). ensfarvet, dog lidt lysere omkring øjenpletterne. brunt eller delvis gulligt brunt. Især ses et tydeligt Øjenpletterne sorte. Submentum næsten helt rekt­ lyst parti bag hver øjenplet. Øjenpletterne mørke­ angulært (Fig: 5). Fine hår får abdominalsegmen­ brune. Submentum udvidet fortil (Fig. 9). Hår på terne til at virke uldne. Længde 35-45 mm. Den abdominalsegmenterne er så korte, at disse virker synlige del af ånderøret over J cm langt (Fig. Il) glatte. Længde 24-30 mm. Ånderøret er ofte helt ............................................................. albimana indtrukket. Hvis det ses, er den synlige del under l - Hovedet svagt sklerotiseret, ikke ensfarvet, gulligt cm (Fig. 15) . paludosa 7 5 6 )::u •.•.. o 10 8 9 Fig. 5-10. Submentum af: P. albimana, P. contaminata, P. lacustris, P. minuta, P. pa/udosa og P. scutel/aris. 61 /11 15 13 14 11 16 12 Fig. 11-16. 6.-9. abdominalsegment og ånderør af: P. albimana, P. contaminata, P. lacustris, P. minuta, P. paludosa og P. scutel/aris (omarbejdet efter Brind1e ). Forekomst af Ptychoptera-arter ne. I Fønstrup Bæk, Nordsjælland, Lollik Bæk, Sydsjælland, Brødebæk, Midtsjælland, samt Materialet stammer fra forfatterens indsamlin­ Mattrup A ved Stids Mølle, Midtjylland, er ar­ ger. Disse er især foregået på Sjælland. Susåen ten forholdsvis almindelig. De 3 første lokaliteter med tilløb er undersøgt på ca. 15 lokaliteter. er små skovbække. Mindre populationer findes i Arnose As opland er undersøgt på over 200 loka­ Vestsjælland i stærkt regulerede vandløb i Arno­ liteter. Mange søer, damme og vandløb i se Å's opland. Disse lokaliteter har god strøm og Nordsjælland er undersøgt grundigt. Fra Jylland er beliggende i den beta-mesosaprobe zone. er der materiale fra en del bække omkring Vejle Bangerter (1932) angiver, at P. farostris omkring samt vandløb og søer omkring Silkeborg. Fra re­ Bern er den almindeligste art i mindre skovbæk• sten af landet er der kun undersøgt spredte loka­ ke. Ligeledes fandt Pomeisl (1953) denne art me­ liteter. get almindeligt i rene kildesumpe i Østrig. I Cze­ P. albimana: Både i små og større vandløb fin­ koslovakiet er den også almindelig i små vandløb des denne art. Den forekommer i okkervæld og i skove (Zwyrtek, 1971). har ofte masseforekomst i organisk belastede P. longicauda: Der kendes ingen danske lar­ vandløb, f. eks. i afløbet fra rensningsanlæg. Til­ ver. 3 imagines er fundet ved Klakring d. lige findes arten i store ubelastede vandløb. Ban­ 7.viii.1915 af P. Esben Petersen (Nielsen, 1924). gerter (1932) angiver arten fra vandløb i omeg­ Tjeder (1968) angiver imagines af arten ved små nen af Bern, Schweiz. Brindle (1962) angiver åb• kolde kilder i Sverige. Bangerter (1932) angiver ne sumpe som artens habitat i England, og Po­ arten fra sumpede områder nær en bæk ved meis! (1953) angiver fra Østrig, at arten findes al­ Bern. Herudover er denne sjældne art fundet i mindeligt på roligt vand med stort slamindhold.
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