DOCSLIB.ORG

Woods Tools - OLS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Woods Tools - OLS Woods Tools - OLS Types of Woods Tools The woods tools you will generally encounter in Scouting are : Saws Saws used for camping generally have large, coarse teeth compared to saws for carpentry. Bowsaws have a thin blade and a rounded or triangular frame, like an archer's bow. Folding saws are bowsaws that are built to fold up for safe packing. Two-man cross-cut saws and chainsaws are generally not found in a Scouting environment, and should only be used by adults who are trained and can use them safely. Saws are used for large projects: felling trees, cutting logs, removing large limbs. Axes and Hatchets: Axes are two-handed choppers, either double-bit or single-bit. Axes are for large jobs: felling and limbing trees, splitting logs Hatchets or hand axes are one-handed tools, always single-bit. Hatchets are good for intermediate jobs: limbing small branches, splitting firewood. Knives Knives are for cutting things on a personal level. There are more types of knives than you will ever need to deal with, each designed for a specific job. For Scouting you want a folding pocket knife, like the classic Scout knife or the Swiss Army Knife Other woods tools you might encounter, such as post-hole diggers, peaveys, splitting wedges and sledges, are not covered in this material. Safe Scouting The Guide to Safe Scouting (online at http://www.scouting.org/nav/enter.jsp?s=ba ) says : A sharp pocketknife with a can opener on it is an invaluable backcountry tool. Keep it clean, sharp, and handy. Avoid large sheath knives. They are heavy and awkward to carry, and unnecessary for most camp chores except for cleaning fish. Since its inception, Boy Scouting has relied heavily on an outdoor program to achieve its objectives. This program meets more of the purposes of Scouting than any other single feature. We believe we have a duty to instill in our members, youth and adult, the knowledge of how to use, handle, and store legally owned knives with the highest concern for safety and responsibility. Remember - knives are not allowed on school premises, nor can they be taken aboard commercial aircraft. A pocketknife is often all you need. - Do not carry or encourage sheath knives - Know how to use it, handle it, and store it - If it can't be done safely, it can't be done. For all woods tools, the most important safety rule is : A Sharp Tool Is Safer Than A Dull Tool A dull knife cannot be controlled. A dull axe forces you to work harder. A saw with dull or broken teeth will skip and bind in the cut. All these hazards can be avoided by taking proper care of the tool. When you pass a tool to another person, make sure the cutting edge is pointed away from both of you. The person who is receiving the tool says 'Thank you' when she has a firm grip; this tells the other person that it is safe to let go. Saws Before you start: Always wear protective eyewear and work gloves when using saws. Make sure the area around you is safe: clear branches that could foul you, logs you could trip over. Make sure other people keep their distance. When you are using a saw to cut a log, brace the log in a sawbuck, or roll it firmly against a chopping block or something else solid. Use long strokes, and let the saw cut the wood; do not try to force the blade down into the cut (called the kerf). When you are using the saw to cut limbs on a standing tree, cut as close to the trunk as possible, to minimize stubs that stick out and catch people. If you undercut the branch, then saw down into the undercut, the weight of the limb will help you cut, and you will not tear the bark on the tree as the branch comes off. When you store a saw, carefully wipe down the blade to remove wood chips and sawdust that might rust the blade. Clean off pine sap and other sticky materials. Bowsaws should have a sheath for the blade; folding saws will fold the blade into the handle to protect it. To sharpen a bow saw or folding saw: get a replacement blade at OSH. Hand-filing all those teeth to maintain the angle of cut is more work than it's worth. Axes and Hatchets Before you start: Always wear protective eyewear and work gloves when using axes or hatchets. Make sure the area around you is safe: clear branches that could foul you, logs you could trip over. Make sure other people keep their distance. If you are in a long-term camp, set up an axeyard with a perimeter rope to keep people outside, and oriented so that flying chunks don't go towards people's tents. Each time you use an axe or hatchet, make sure the head is on securely Felling a tree with an axe is a waste of vitamins. Use a saw to fell the tree and then use the axes to limb it so you can get it back to the axeyard. When you limb a tree, stand on the opposite side of the trunk from the branch, and chop down into the crotch of the limb. If you chop up from the base of the trunk, the axe can skip and slide. When you split wood with an axe or hatchet, have a safe, firm, chopping block to work on. Do not work on bare dirt or rock, it can damage the blade. Do not use a rounded surface, or the wood may fall over at a bad moment. Hold the wood upright, and drive the axe into it. If you are doing wholesale wood splitting, you may want to use a wedge and sledge; that is not covered here. The cutting edge of the axe or hatchet should be clean and covered with a leather sheath when not in use. When you pass an axe or hatchet, hold it with the head down and the blade pointed away from both of you. The person receiving the axe should grip the handle lower than the person who is passing it. When you walk with an axe or hatchet, grip it by the back of the head, with the sheathed edge pointing away from you. If you fall, the edge will be outwards and you won't fall on it. Axes and hatchets are sharpened with a flat mill file. The file should have a guard between the handle and the rough surface. WEAR YOUR WORK GLOVES! Place the hatchet on the ground, edge up, leaning against something solid like a chopping block, and secure it with tent pegs or something so it won't fall over. Run the file over the edge, pushing downwards, at about a 30-degree angle. Run the file smoothly from the top of the edge to the bottom. Take several strokes, then reverse the axe and do the same on the other side. Remember, you are not creating a knife-edge surface but a smooth wedge. Many camps have tomahawks as part of their Field Sports program. These are meant for throwing, but can also be used are regular hatchets. Make sure your Scouts know that tomahawk-throwing is ONLY to be done on the range, with supervision! Knives A good pocketknife is your most versatile camping tool. You do not need a fifty-blade multitool with toothpick, fish scaler, corkscrew and satellite dish. The classic Boy Scout knife or the small Swiss Army knife is usually all you need: a cutting blade, a screwdriver, and awl. The scissors on the Swiss Army knife is handy, but so is the can opener on the Boy Scout knife. Sheath knives and boot knives should never be worn in a Scout camp. There is nothing at camp that they can do that a folding knife can't do as well, and they have a tendency to come unsheathed at bad times. Before you start, make sure you are sitting someplace secure, and no one is in range if your knife slips. Boy Scouts are often taught to do this by moving their arm, without the knife in hand, in a circle around them, and making sure no one is inside that circle except them. They like to call this a blood circle, which is picturesque, but helps them remember to do it! When you cut with a knife, hold the wood firmly and cut away from yourself (whittlers often cut towards themselves, which is why they carry Band-Aids). Make small, shallow strokes; if you have to remove a lot of wood, you should be using a hatchet. You can practice your technique by making a fuzz-stick : a stick of soft wood with small cuts that do not remove the wood, creating a fuzzy edge. The safe way to pass a knife is to fold it, and then pass it. Say 'Thank You' to make sure both parties know who has control. Today's knives are usually made of a rust-resistant steel; older knives used a high-carbon steel that is prone to rust. Keep your knife clean and shiny by wiping the blade down after each use; if you used it to cut food, run it through the wash with the rest of your camp dishes, to be sure food doesn't stay inside and rot. Use a Q-tip and some light machine oil to lubricate the hinges and inside of the knife case.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hand Saws Hand Saws Have Evolved to fill Many Niches and Cutting Styles
    Source: https://www.garagetooladvisor.com/hand-tools/different-types-of-saws-and-their-uses/ Hand Saws Hand saws have evolved to fill many niches and cutting styles. Some saws are general purpose tools, such as the traditional hand saw, while others were designed for specific applications, such as the keyhole saw. No tool collection is complete without at least one of each of these, while practical craftsmen may only purchase the tools which fit their individual usage patterns, such as framing or trim. Back Saw A back saw is a relatively short saw with a narrow blade that is reinforced along the upper edge, giving it the name. Back saws are commonly used with miter boxes and in other applications which require a consistently fine, straight cut. Back saws may also be called miter saws or tenon saws, depending on saw design, intended use, and region. Bow Saw Another type of crosscut saw, the bow saw is more at home outdoors than inside. It uses a relatively long blade with numerous crosscut teeth designed to remove material while pushing and pulling. Bow saws are used for trimming trees, pruning, and cutting logs, but may be used for other rough cuts as well. Coping Saw With a thin, narrow blade, the coping saw is ideal for trim work, scrolling, and any other cutting which requires precision and intricate cuts. Coping saws can be used to cut a wide variety of materials, and can be found in the toolkits of everyone from carpenters and plumbers to toy and furniture makers. Crosscut Saw Designed specifically for rough cutting wood, a crosscut saw has a comparatively thick blade, with large, beveled teeth.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Bow Drill
    Making Fire With The Bow Drill When you are first learning bow-drill fire-making, you must make conditions and your bow drill set such that the chance of getting a coal is the greatest. If you do not know the feeling of a coal beginning to be born then you will never be able to master the more difficult scenarios. For this it is best to choose the “easiest woods” and practice using the set in a sheltered location such as a garage or basement, etc. Even if you have never gotten a coal before, it is best to get the wood from the forest yourself. Getting it from a lumber yard is easy but you learn very little. Also, getting wood from natural sources ensures you do not accidentally get pressure-treated wood which, when caused to smoulder, is highly toxic. Here are some good woods for learning with (and good for actual survival use too): ► Eastern White Cedar ► Staghorn Sumac ► Most Willows ► Balsam Fir ► Aspens and Poplars ► Basswood ► Spruces There are many more. These are centered more on the northeastern forest communities of North America. A good tree identification book will help you determine potential fire-making woods. Also, make it a common practice to feel and carve different woods when you are in the bush. A good way to get good wood for learning on is to find a recently fallen branch or trunk that is relatively straight and of about wrist thickness or bigger. Cut it with a saw. It is best if the wood has recently fallen off the tree.
    [Show full text]
  • COTI Guide to Crew Leadership for Trails
    COTI Guide to Crew Leadership for Trails Produced by Colorado Outdoor Training Initiative (COTI) Funded in part by Great Outdoors Colorado (GOCO) through the Colorado State Parks Trails Program. Second printing 2006 Acknowledgements THANK YOU COTI would like to acknowledge the people and organizations that volunteered their time and resources to the research, review, editing and piloting of these training materials. The content and illustrations of this document is a compilation of pre-existing sources, with a majority of the information provided by Larry Lechner, Protected Area Management Services; Crew Leader Manual, 5th Ed., Volunteers for Outdoor Colorado; Trail Construction and Maintenance Notebook. 2000 Ed. USDA Forest Service; and all of the other resources that are referenced at the end of each section. The COTI Instructor’s Guide to Teaching Crew Leadership for Trails was open to a statewide review prior to pilot training and publication. COTI would like to thank everyone who dedicated time to the review process. The following people provided valuable feedback on the project. CURRICULUM COMMITTEE MEMBERS Project Leader: Terry Gimbel, Colorado State Parks Final content editing 2005 Edition: Pamela Packer, COTI 2006 Edition: Hugh Duffy and Hugh Osborne, National Park Service; Mick Syzek, Continental Divide Trail Alliance Alice Freese, Colorado Outdoor Training Initiative Scott Gordon, Bicycle Colorado Sarah Gorecki, Colorado Fourteeners Initiative Jon Halverson, USFS-Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest David Hirt, Boulder County
    [Show full text]
  • Tools of the Cabinetmaker, but Also Like the Cartwright, the Hatchet (Handbeil) and the Drawknife (Schneidemesser)
    CHAPTER FIVE The Chairmaker The chairmaker bears the name in common with English chairmakers presumably because his trade is originally transplanted from England to Germany, or because several types of chairs that are made in his workshop have been common first in England. In the making of chairs, the settee (Canape), and sofa, he wields not only the plane and other tools of the cabinetmaker, but also like the cartwright, the hatchet (Handbeil) and the drawknife (Schneidemesser). I. In most regions, and especially in the German coastal cities, chairmakers make their chairs out of red beech wood, in Magdeburg out of linden wood, and in Berlin out of serviceberry wood (Elsenholz). Red beech is lacking in our area, and the cabinetmaker, who before the arrival to Berlin of chairmakers that made wooden chair frames, chose therefore serviceberry wood in place of red beech. Likewise the chairmakers, when they arrived in Berlin, found that circumstances also compelled them to build their chairs out of serviceberry wood. If the customer explicitly requires it, and will pay especially for it, they sometimes build chairs out of walnut, plum wood, pearwood, and mahogany wood, and for very distinguished and wealthy persons out of cedarwood. The chairmaker obtains the serviceberry wood partly in boards that are one to five inches thick and partly in logs. The farmer in the [town of] Mark Brandenburg brings this wood, partly in logs and also in boards, to Berlin to sell, but the strongest and best comes from Poland. If the wood has not sufficiently dried when purchased by the chairmaker it must stay some time longer and properly dry.
    [Show full text]
  • Notice of a Collection 01 Perforated Stone Objects, from the Garioch, Aberdeenshire
    6 16 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F O S , FEBRUARY 9, 1903. III. NOTICE OF A COLLECTION 01 PERFORATED STONE OBJECTS, FROM THE GARIOCH, ABERDEENSHIRE. BY J. GRAHAM CALLANDER, F.S.A. SOOT. Many perforated article f stono s f greateo e r leso r s antiquity have been found, the use of which we have no difficulty in defining. Among such article e stonar s e axes, stone hammers, whorls, beads d sinkan , - stones for nets or lines; but this collection of perforated stones from Central Aberdeenshire seems to be quite different from any of the recog- nised types. Localities.—The collection, which consist f sixty-fivo s e specimenss ha , been gathered during the last five years in the Garioch district of Aber- deenshire from eight different localitie n fivi s e parishes :—Elevee ar n from Newbigging, parish of Culsalmond ; one is from the Kirkyard of Culsalmond; five are from the adjoining farms of Jericho and Colpy, Culsalmond e froar m o Johnstonetw ; , paris f Leslio hs froi e me ;on Cushieston, parish of Rayne; one is from Lochend, Barra, parish of Bourtie; thre froe ear m Harlaw, paris f Chapeho f Garioco l fortyd an h; - one are from Logie-Elphinstone estate, also in Chapel of Garioch. e specimenth l Al s have bee e ploughnth turney b , p nonu d e having been found associated with burials or dwelling sites; at the same time many flint implements have been foun e localitiemosn th di f o t s named, especiall firste th , n yi third last-mentioned an , d ones, these I believe, , having been more thoroughly searched.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Service Features of Buildings and Fire Protection Systems
    Fire Service Features of Buildings and Fire Protection Systems OSHA 3256-09R 2015 Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 “To assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women; by authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the Act; by assisting and encouraging the States in their efforts to assure safe and healthful working conditions; by providing for research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health.” This publication provides a general overview of a particular standards- related topic. This publication does not alter or determine compliance responsibilities which are set forth in OSHA standards and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Moreover, because interpretations and enforcement policy may change over time, for additional guidance on OSHA compliance requirements the reader should consult current administrative interpretations and decisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission and the courts. Material contained in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced, fully or partially, without permission. Source credit is requested but not required. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: 1-877-889-5627. This guidance document is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. It contains recommendations as well as descriptions of mandatory safety and health standards. The recommendations are advisory in nature, informational in content, and are intended to assist employers in providing a safe and healthful workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to comply with safety and health standards and regulations promulgated by OSHA or by a state with an OSHA-approved state plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Code of Practice for Wood Processing Facilities (Sawmills & Lumberyards)
    CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WOOD PROCESSING FACILITIES (SAWMILLS & LUMBERYARDS) Version 2 January 2012 Guyana Forestry Commission Table of Contents FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Wood Processing................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Development of the Code ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Scope of the Code ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.4 Objectives of the Code ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Implementation of the Code ............................................................................................................. 10 2.0 PRE-SAWMILLING RECOMMENDATIONS. ............................................................................................. 11 2.1 Market Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Wood Identification and Chemistry' Covers the Physicalproperties and Structural Features of Hardwoods and Softwoods
    11 DOCUMENT RESUME ED 031 555 VT 007 853 Woodworking Technology. San Diego State Coll., Calif. Dept. of Industrial Arts. Spons Agency-Office of Education (DHEA Washington, D.C. Pub Date Aug 68 Note-252p.; Materials developed at NDEA Inst. for Advanced Studyin Industrial Arts (San Diego, June 24 -Au9ust 2, 1968). EDRS Price MF -$1.00 He -$13.20 Descriptors-Curriculum Development, *Industrial Arts, Instructional Materials, Learning Activities, Lesson Plans, Lumber Industry, Resource Materials, *Resource Units, Summer Institutes, Teaching Codes, *Units of Study (Sublect Fields), *Woodworking Identifiers-*National Defense Education Act TitleXIInstitute, NDEA TitleXIInstitute, Woodworking Technology SIX teaching units which were developed by the 24 institute participantsare given. "Wood Identification and Chemistry' covers the physicalproperties and structural features of hardwoods and softwoods. "Seasoning" explainsair drying, kiln drying, and seven special lumber seasoning processes. "Researchon Laminates" describes the bending of solid wood and wood laminates, beam lamination, lamination adhesives,. andplasticlaminates."Particleboard:ATeachingUnitexplains particleboard manufacturing and the several classes of particleboard and theiruses. "Lumber Merchandising" outhnes lumber grades andsome wood byproducts. "A Teaching Unitin Physical Testing of Joints, Finishes, Adhesives, and Fasterners" describes tests of four common edge pints, finishes, wood adhesives, and wood screws Each of these units includes a bibhography, glossary, and student exercises (EM) M 55, ...k.",z<ONR; z _: , , . "'zr ss\ ss s:Ts s , s' !, , , , zs "" z' s: - 55 Ts 5. , -5, 5,5 . 5, :5,5, s s``s ss ' ,,, 4 ;.< ,s ssA 11111.116; \ ss s, : , \s, s's \ , , 's's \ sz z, ;.:4 1;y: SS lza'itVs."4,z ...':',\\Z'z.,'I,,\ "t"-...,,, `,.
    [Show full text]
  • Fletcher Business Group Acquires Atlas Saw & Tool
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Media Contact: Sarah Archambault • 917.923.9838 • [email protected] FLETCHER BUSINESS GROUP ACQUIRES ATLAS SAW & TOOL Global Solution Provider Expands Product Line and Services through Acquisition of Leading Provider of Saw Blades, Cutting Tools and Sharpening Services [East Berlin, CT – January 23, 2017] Today, Fletcher Business Group (FBG) – a leading provider of solution-driven technologies for a wide range of industries – including custom and OEM picture framing; sign and digital graphics; hardware; woodworking; and float and glass fabrication industries – is announcing the acquisition of Atlas Saw & Tool and Tem-Tech. With locations in Illinois, Florida and Arizona, Atlas provides high quality saw blades, cutting tools and sharpening services. Tem-Tech carries a high capacity saw line, along with repair/refurbish services for all saw types. Atlas Saw & Tool joins FBG’s roster of globally recognized brands as a wholly owned subsidiary and will continue the day-to-day operations of its key brands. Atlas serves a variety of markets including picture framing, cabinet making, flooring, millwork and the plastic industry. Using precise German CNC grinders and associated robotics, Atlas Saw sharpens blades and tools to OEM specifications and serves customers nationwide from its three regional tech centers. Atlas will continue to provide custom saw blade design services, fabrication and re-sharpening programs utilizing its premier selection of American and Japanese made core blades. The Tem-Tech brand offerings will remain, including the large capacity saw, CNC moulding profile template machine, saw service, repair and preventative maintenance programs. This will include service, refurbishment and parts support of Pistorius brand saws.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Hand Tools 3. Related Tools 4. Chisels 5. Hammer 6. Saw Terminology 7. Pliers Introduction
    1 1. Hand Tools 2. Types 2.1 Hand tools 2.2 Hammer Drill 2.3 Rotary hammer drill 2.4 Cordless drills 2.5 Drill press 2.6 Geared head drill 2.7 Radial arm drill 2.8 Mill drill 3. Related tools 4. Chisels 4.1. Types 4.1.1 Woodworking chisels 4.1.1.1 Lathe tools 4.2 Metalworking chisels 4.2.1 Cold chisel 4.2.2 Hardy chisel 4.3 Stone chisels 4.4 Masonry chisels 4.4.1 Joint chisel 5. Hammer 5.1 Basic design and variations 5.2 The physics of hammering 5.2.1 Hammer as a force amplifier 5.2.2 Effect of the head's mass 5.2.3 Effect of the handle 5.3 War hammers 5.4 Symbolic hammers 6. Saw terminology 6.1 Types of saws 6.1.1 Hand saws 6.1.2. Back saws 6.1.3 Mechanically powered saws 6.1.4. Circular blade saws 6.1.5. Reciprocating blade saws 6.1.6..Continuous band 6.2. Types of saw blades and the cuts they make 6.3. Materials used for saws 7. Pliers Introduction 7.1. Design 7.2.Common types 7.2.1 Gripping pliers (used to improve grip) 7.2 2.Cutting pliers (used to sever or pinch off) 2 7.2.3 Crimping pliers 7.2.4 Rotational pliers 8. Common wrenches / spanners 8.1 Other general wrenches / spanners 8.2. Spe cialized wrenches / spanners 8.3. Spanners in popular culture 9. Hacksaw, surface plate, surface gauge, , vee-block, files 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Competition Rules
    2021 New Jersey State Fair Lumber Jack / Lumber Jill Competition Sponsored by Montague Tools & Supply Company Saturday August 7th 2021 6:00pm in Outdoor Arena Contacts: Mike Lacken 973-670-5220 Bill Oswald 973-948-6400 ext 20 email [email protected] Competition Rules DUE TO INCREASE IN PARTIPANTS ALL PARTNER EVENTS ARE LIMITED TO ONE PARTNER PER COMPETITOR (NO EXEPTONS) JACK AND JILL EVENTS WILL BE AWARDED PRIZES ONLY. NO POINTS IN ORDER TO KEEP OVERALL SCORES FAIR. WOOD CHOPPING 1. Eye protection required 2. No restrictions are placed on type and size of axe 3. Chopping Blocks will be provided (First come first serve) LOG ROLLING CONTEST 1. Eye protection required. 2. Two-person team must propel a log resting against two stakes in the ground a distance of 30 feet to a second set of stakes using cant hooks or peavey’s only. The log must contact both stakes at the far end of the field at the same time and must then come to rest against the first pair to finish. No hands and feet may be used. TWO-PERSON CROSSCUT SAW CONTEST 1. Eye protection required. 2. One cut down a 8”x 8” square log 3. Divisions are Men /Women/ Jack & Jill WOOD SPLITTING CONTEST 1. Eye protection required. 2. Each contestant will be given three or four pieces of wood, each approximately 2’ long, with a 3” dot painted in the center. Each piece must be split into 4 pieces, each having a portion of the dot on it. 3. Contestants will supply their own splitting mauls.
    [Show full text]
  • Felling and Converting Thinnings by Hand
    FORESTRY COMMISSION BOOKLET No. 9 Felling and Converting Thinnings by Hand By R . E. C r o w t h e r a n d I. T o u l m in-R o t h b EDINBURGH HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE PRICE 25. 6d. NET Forestry Commission ARCHIVE FORESTRY COMMISSION BOOKLET No. 9 Felling and Converting Thinnings by Hand By R. E. Crowther, B.Sc., and I. Toulmin-Rothe Forestry Commission E D IN B U R G H HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE 1963 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION .... 5 1. The principle of one-man working 6 2. Safety ...... 7 FACTORS AFFECTING METHODS 8 A. Crop and Site Factors .... 8 1. Crowns free, slope gentle. 9 2. Crowns tight, slope gentle 10 3. Crowns free, slope steep 11 4. Crowns tight, slope steep. 12 B. Effect of Other Work . 13 1. Peeling and crosscutting 13 2. Stump creosoting . 13 METHODS 13 A. One-man Working 13 1. Tools 13 2. Conditions 14 3. Method summary 14 4. Method description 14 5. Modifications to method: (a) On very steep slopes .... 16 (b) Close control of felling direction 16 (c) Aids to turning larger trees 16 (d) Butt-first extraction 16 6. Aiding extraction ..... 17 B. Two-man Working 17 1. Tools 17 2. Conditions 17 3. Method summary 17 4. Method description 18 5. Modifications to method: 18 (a) Large trees .... 18 (b) Trees free-falling 19 2 CONTENTS—Continued IV. TOOLS, MAINTENANCE AND TECHNIQUES 19 A. Felling . .... 19 1. The Axe 19 (a) Specification 19 (b) Maintenance 20 (c) Technique 21 2.
    [Show full text]