DUTCH VILLAGE Surpluses, Which Have Saddled Taxpayers with Crippling Bills and W
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Hand Saws Hand Saws Have Evolved to fill Many Niches and Cutting Styles
Source: https://www.garagetooladvisor.com/hand-tools/different-types-of-saws-and-their-uses/ Hand Saws Hand saws have evolved to fill many niches and cutting styles. Some saws are general purpose tools, such as the traditional hand saw, while others were designed for specific applications, such as the keyhole saw. No tool collection is complete without at least one of each of these, while practical craftsmen may only purchase the tools which fit their individual usage patterns, such as framing or trim. Back Saw A back saw is a relatively short saw with a narrow blade that is reinforced along the upper edge, giving it the name. Back saws are commonly used with miter boxes and in other applications which require a consistently fine, straight cut. Back saws may also be called miter saws or tenon saws, depending on saw design, intended use, and region. Bow Saw Another type of crosscut saw, the bow saw is more at home outdoors than inside. It uses a relatively long blade with numerous crosscut teeth designed to remove material while pushing and pulling. Bow saws are used for trimming trees, pruning, and cutting logs, but may be used for other rough cuts as well. Coping Saw With a thin, narrow blade, the coping saw is ideal for trim work, scrolling, and any other cutting which requires precision and intricate cuts. Coping saws can be used to cut a wide variety of materials, and can be found in the toolkits of everyone from carpenters and plumbers to toy and furniture makers. Crosscut Saw Designed specifically for rough cutting wood, a crosscut saw has a comparatively thick blade, with large, beveled teeth. -
COTI Guide to Crew Leadership for Trails
COTI Guide to Crew Leadership for Trails Produced by Colorado Outdoor Training Initiative (COTI) Funded in part by Great Outdoors Colorado (GOCO) through the Colorado State Parks Trails Program. Second printing 2006 Acknowledgements THANK YOU COTI would like to acknowledge the people and organizations that volunteered their time and resources to the research, review, editing and piloting of these training materials. The content and illustrations of this document is a compilation of pre-existing sources, with a majority of the information provided by Larry Lechner, Protected Area Management Services; Crew Leader Manual, 5th Ed., Volunteers for Outdoor Colorado; Trail Construction and Maintenance Notebook. 2000 Ed. USDA Forest Service; and all of the other resources that are referenced at the end of each section. The COTI Instructor’s Guide to Teaching Crew Leadership for Trails was open to a statewide review prior to pilot training and publication. COTI would like to thank everyone who dedicated time to the review process. The following people provided valuable feedback on the project. CURRICULUM COMMITTEE MEMBERS Project Leader: Terry Gimbel, Colorado State Parks Final content editing 2005 Edition: Pamela Packer, COTI 2006 Edition: Hugh Duffy and Hugh Osborne, National Park Service; Mick Syzek, Continental Divide Trail Alliance Alice Freese, Colorado Outdoor Training Initiative Scott Gordon, Bicycle Colorado Sarah Gorecki, Colorado Fourteeners Initiative Jon Halverson, USFS-Medicine Bow-Routt National Forest David Hirt, Boulder County -
Tools of the Cabinetmaker, but Also Like the Cartwright, the Hatchet (Handbeil) and the Drawknife (Schneidemesser)
CHAPTER FIVE The Chairmaker The chairmaker bears the name in common with English chairmakers presumably because his trade is originally transplanted from England to Germany, or because several types of chairs that are made in his workshop have been common first in England. In the making of chairs, the settee (Canape), and sofa, he wields not only the plane and other tools of the cabinetmaker, but also like the cartwright, the hatchet (Handbeil) and the drawknife (Schneidemesser). I. In most regions, and especially in the German coastal cities, chairmakers make their chairs out of red beech wood, in Magdeburg out of linden wood, and in Berlin out of serviceberry wood (Elsenholz). Red beech is lacking in our area, and the cabinetmaker, who before the arrival to Berlin of chairmakers that made wooden chair frames, chose therefore serviceberry wood in place of red beech. Likewise the chairmakers, when they arrived in Berlin, found that circumstances also compelled them to build their chairs out of serviceberry wood. If the customer explicitly requires it, and will pay especially for it, they sometimes build chairs out of walnut, plum wood, pearwood, and mahogany wood, and for very distinguished and wealthy persons out of cedarwood. The chairmaker obtains the serviceberry wood partly in boards that are one to five inches thick and partly in logs. The farmer in the [town of] Mark Brandenburg brings this wood, partly in logs and also in boards, to Berlin to sell, but the strongest and best comes from Poland. If the wood has not sufficiently dried when purchased by the chairmaker it must stay some time longer and properly dry. -
Building Practices and Carpenters' Tools That Created Alexandria's Kent Plantation House
Building Practices and Carpenters' Tools That Created Alexandria's Kent Plantation House By N. H. Sand and Peter Koch SouthernForest ExperimentStation Forest Service. U. S. Departmentof Agriculture I t is the year 1796or thereabouts. ily, and he succeeds so well that designed and made with good Louisiana is a Spanish colony with the dwelling still remains sound and materials. French traditions and culture. attractive after 175 years, a very Now known (from a later owner) Pierre Baillio II, of a prominent great age for a house in America. asthe Kent PlantationHouse, Bail- French family, has a sizeable grant To reach it takes good luck-escape lio's home has recently beenmade of land along the Red River near from fire, flood and the Civil War. into a museum in Alexandria, a a small town called EI Rapido. Continuous occupancy and the care short distance from where it was Baillio undertakes to have a that goes with it also helps. Most originally constructed. There it house built for himself and his fam- of all, the house must be soundly standsas testimony to the skins of early Louisiana carpenter crafts- men. In contrast to architects, who seemto leapinto print with no great difficulty, carpenters are a silent tribe. They come to the job with their tool chests, exercise many skins of construction and some of design, and then pass on. Often their works are their only record. Occasionally some tools survive and, after generationsof neglectand abuse,these may find their way int() antique shopsor museums. Thus it is difficult to speakin de- tail of the builders of any given house. -
Felling and Converting Thinnings by Hand
FORESTRY COMMISSION BOOKLET No. 9 Felling and Converting Thinnings by Hand By R . E. C r o w t h e r a n d I. T o u l m in-R o t h b EDINBURGH HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE PRICE 25. 6d. NET Forestry Commission ARCHIVE FORESTRY COMMISSION BOOKLET No. 9 Felling and Converting Thinnings by Hand By R. E. Crowther, B.Sc., and I. Toulmin-Rothe Forestry Commission E D IN B U R G H HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE 1963 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION .... 5 1. The principle of one-man working 6 2. Safety ...... 7 FACTORS AFFECTING METHODS 8 A. Crop and Site Factors .... 8 1. Crowns free, slope gentle. 9 2. Crowns tight, slope gentle 10 3. Crowns free, slope steep 11 4. Crowns tight, slope steep. 12 B. Effect of Other Work . 13 1. Peeling and crosscutting 13 2. Stump creosoting . 13 METHODS 13 A. One-man Working 13 1. Tools 13 2. Conditions 14 3. Method summary 14 4. Method description 14 5. Modifications to method: (a) On very steep slopes .... 16 (b) Close control of felling direction 16 (c) Aids to turning larger trees 16 (d) Butt-first extraction 16 6. Aiding extraction ..... 17 B. Two-man Working 17 1. Tools 17 2. Conditions 17 3. Method summary 17 4. Method description 18 5. Modifications to method: 18 (a) Large trees .... 18 (b) Trees free-falling 19 2 CONTENTS—Continued IV. TOOLS, MAINTENANCE AND TECHNIQUES 19 A. Felling . .... 19 1. The Axe 19 (a) Specification 19 (b) Maintenance 20 (c) Technique 21 2. -
Northeastern Loggers Handrook
./ NORTHEASTERN LOGGERS HANDROOK U. S. Deportment of Agricnitnre Hondbook No. 6 r L ii- ^ y ,^--i==â crk ■^ --> v-'/C'^ ¿'x'&So, Âfy % zr. j*' i-.nif.*- -^«L- V^ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK NO. 6 JANUARY 1951 NORTHEASTERN LOGGERS' HANDBOOK by FRED C. SIMMONS, logging specialist NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION FOREST SERVICE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE - - - WASHINGTON, D. C, 1951 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 75 cents Preface THOSE who want to be successful in any line of work or business must learn the tricks of the trade one way or another. For most occupations there is a wealth of published information that explains how the job can best be done without taking too many knocks in the hard school of experience. For logging, however, there has been no ade- quate source of information that could be understood and used by the man who actually does the work in the woods. This NORTHEASTERN LOGGERS' HANDBOOK brings to- gether what the young or inexperienced woodsman needs to know about the care and use of logging tools and about the best of the old and new devices and techniques for logging under the conditions existing in the northeastern part of the United States. Emphasis has been given to the matter of workers' safety because the accident rate in logging is much higher than it should be. Sections of the handbook have previously been circulated in a pre- liminary edition. Scores of suggestions have been made to the author by logging operators, equipment manufacturers, and professional forest- ers. -
Products • Absorbent Bags & Pads • Adapters • Adze Hoes • Air Fittings
Products • Absorbent Bags & Pads • Hydraulic Fittings & Adapters • Adapters • Hydraulic Hose (Air, Cotton Braid, • Adze Hoes Suction, Wire) • Air Fittings • Hygrometers • Air Hose • Jackhammer & Drill Bits (Steel) • Aircraft Cable • Key Allen Wrench • Aluminum Signs • Links • Axes • Log Wrappers (Domestic & Foreign) • Bandit Clamps & Tools • Log Wrappers (Foreign & Domestic) • Bands • Machetes • Banners • Magnetic Signs • Bark Spud • Mauls • Bee & Wasp Spray • Nylon Slings • Bee Sting Swabs • Paint • Belt Juite Erosion Control Matting • Peaveys, Hooks & Cant Hooks • Binders • Picks • Black Farm Tank Hose • Planting Hoes • Blocks • Plumbing Nipples • Brackets (Axes, Fire Extinguishers, • Plumbing Supplies Shovels) • Polyester Round Slings • Branding Axes • Polyethylene Pipe & Culvert • Bunk Straps (Perforated & Non-Perforated) • Cable Cutters • Pumps & Pump Parts • Caps • Rafting Dogs • Caps & Clamps • Rainwear • Carbide Rock Bits • Ratchet Straps • Cargo Control Products • Reducers • Caution Tape • Reducers & Strainers • Chain • Replacement Handles • Chalk & Paint Sticks • Respirators (Paper & Dual • Chokers (Domestic, Foreign, Used) Cartridge) • Clamps & Clips • Rings (Round & Pear-Shaped & • Climbing Gear Oblong) • Climbing Gear • Rock Drill Couplings & Collars • Cold Shuts • Rope (Climbing, Manila, Nylon, • Computer-Cut Vinyl Signs Polyester, Poly Truck) • Cones/Delineators • Rubber Hose • Coolers & Canteens • Safety Chaps • Cotter Pins • Safety Equipment • Cotton Hose (New, Used, Braid & • Safety Fencing Mill) • Safety Gas Can • Couplers -
Handtools for Trail Work Forest Service
United States In cooperation Department of with Agriculture Handtools for Trail Work Forest Service Technology & 2005 Edition Development Program 2300 Recreation February 2005 0523–2810P–MTDC You can order a copy of this document using the order form on the FHWA’s Recreational Trails Program Web site Notice at <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/rectrails/trailpub .htm>. This document was produced in cooperation with the Recreational Trails Program of the U.S. Department of Fill out the order form and submit it electronically. Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government Or you may email your request to: assumes no liability for the use of information contained in [email protected] this document. Or mail your request to: The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manu- Szanca Solutions/FHWA PDC facturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in 13710 Dunnnings Highway this report only because they are considered essential to Claysburg, PA 16625 the objective of this document. Fax: 814–239–2156 The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, Produced by: who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data USDA Forest Service, MTDC presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect 5785 Hwy. 10 West the official policy of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Missoula, MT 59808-9361 This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or Phone: 406–329–3978 regulation. Fax: 406–329–3719 Email: [email protected] Web site: http://www.fs.fed.us/eng/pubs —Cover photo: The 1924 Trail Gang in the Flume, Courtesy of the Appalachian Mountain Club. -
Adopt-A-Trail Handbook
Town of Reading Adopt-A-Trail Program Handbook What is the Adopt-A-Trail Program? The Town of Reading’s Adopt-A-Trail Program is a volunteer program providing opportunities for members of the community to assist conservation area staff by monitoring, maintaining and enhancing trails and trailhead facilities. Who can adopt a trail? School and youth groups, scout troops, church, community and service organizations, businesses, families, individuals or groups of individuals can adopt a trail. Anyone with an interest in trails and the outdoors is welcome to help preserve our land and provide safe, enjoyable access to the outdoors. What can volunteers do? Adopt-A-Trail volunteers assist Conservation Area staff in managing and maintaining trail systems. Activities include keeping the trail surface free of sticks, rocks and other debris, pruning small limbs from the trail corridor, cleaning waterbars and drainage ditches, and clearing debris from bridges, stairs, and viewing decks. Other responsibilities include litter clean-up, maintaining the trailhead area including parking lot, bulletin board and trail signs, and reporting vandalism, trail hazards or safety issues. Why should you participate? Adopting a trail provides an opportunity for you to be actively involved in conservation. Helping to maintain and enhance existing trails improves the resource for all to enjoy. The effort brings trail and nature enthusiasts closer to the environment and their community. Enjoy the time outdoors and personal satisfaction gained through volunteering on a conservation trail. How to get started: If you have a specific Conservation Area or trail in mind, let us know. If the trail you choose is available for adoption, we'll get you set up right away. -
Thesis-1953D-M451r.Pdf (6.086Mb)
RACE PREJU-'JI GE AMOUG NE11RO 1AL • DE LI lQUENrs By JA K RARL • 1TTilliY I I Bachelor of Arts 1943 Bachelor of Science 1945 ,Taster of Arts 1947 Un1vorsity of Florid Gainesv1llo 1 Florida Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the Oklahoma A riculturnl and fochanical Colle5 e in partial fulfillment of' tho roquire ents for tho de ree of DO tTI'OR OF EDU ,ATION August, 1953 i \ '!:-.· "· ' '. J, /. ·' . ,, ( ' MU ff OMA RIC8LTURAL &: MECf!.A NlCAL C&lLElf LI.BRAR Y NOV 16 1953 RACE PREJUDICE AMONG NEGRO AALE DELINQUENTS Thesis Approved: 308263 ii tion contn!na e. great deal of truth.. SJ.nee ono or tho out- within the !nltividual wh:lch aro s1;_~t. in opora.tior.i. b;f t.11e pr03- ence or th.e er:10tlon,;tl atir:mlus .. iii 1 . How would I feel if I were a ~egro? 2 . If' I were a legro, would I be particularly bitter against vhites? The present problem evolved out of the ans 1 rs to the above questions coupled with information concerning Negro crime and delinquency 1hich int n caused the riter to formulate the hypothesis that perhaps the feelings of' ihite resentment among Negroes as a contributing f ctor in the high incidence of Negro crime and delinqu ncy . This study is concerned ith prejudice, one facet of the compl x pattern of hum n emotions . '!'here are many accounts purporting to describe how the Negro feels toward whites,, but these are primarily either anecdotal inn t e or they are the comments of so e individual who is considered to be a spokesman for the Negro race . -
Wage and Hour Division, Labor § 570.122
§ 553.231 29 CFR Ch. V (7–1–20 Edition) Maximum hours stand- § 553.233 ‘‘Regular rate’’ defined. ards Work period (days) The rules for computing an employ- Fire protec- Law en- tion forcement ee’s ‘‘regular rate’’, for purposes of the Act’s overtime pay requirements, are 13 ............................................... 98 79 set forth in part 778 of this title. These 12 ............................................... 91 73 11 ............................................... 83 67 rules are applicable to employees for 10 ............................................... 76 61 whom the section 7(k) exemption is 9 ................................................. 68 55 claimed when overtime compensation 8 ................................................. 61 49 is provided in cash wages. However, 7 ................................................. 53 43 wherever the word ‘‘workweek’’ is used in part 778, the words ‘‘work period’’ § 553.231 Compensatory time off. should be substituted. (a) Law enforcement and fire protec- tion employees who are subject to the PART 570—CHILD LABOR REGULA- section 7(k) exemption may receive TIONS, ORDERS AND STATEMENTS compensatory time off in lieu of over- OF INTERPRETATION time pay for hours worked in excess of the maximum for their work period as Subpart A—General set forth in § 553.230. The rules for com- pensatory time off are set forth in Sec. §§ 553.20 through 553.28 of this part. 570.1 Definitions. (b) Section 7(k) permits public agen- 570.2 Minimum age standards. cies to balance the hours of work over an entire work period for law enforce- Subpart B—Certificates of Age ment and fire protection employees. 570.5 Certificates of age and their effect. For example, if an employee engaged in 570.6 Contents and disposition of certifi- fire protection activities’ work period cates of age. -
Safe Use and Maintenance of Hand Tools
Safe use and Maintenance of Hand Tools General Principles • Know your limits – attempting to over exert yourself or a tool are equally likely to result in injury. • The safe working distance for any tool that is swung is a minimum of two tool lengths. • When felling, the safe working distance is two tree lengths. • Better quality tools will enhance your ability to work. Poor quality tools will quickly become damaged, dangerous and frustrating to work with. • Keep the sharp edges of tools protected when in transport, to protect their cutting edges as well as your hands. An old sock, a length of rag or even a cardboard sleeve will reduce the likelihood of blades becoming chipped or dented, undoing your sharpening efforts in the process! • Do not leave tools lying about when not in use. Keep spare tools together in a tool bag or designated area and ensure no tools are left with their cutting edge uppermost (unless protected). Unsheathed bow saws must not be hung from tree branches. Lay flat on the ground • Never cut directly towards yourself, and avoid cutting into the ground. When snedding (removing side branches from a stem) you should always cut from butt to tip (excludes saws). This gives a cleaner cut and helps prolong the sharpness of a blade. See Fig 1. • All edged tools are safest when sharp. • Gloves will only enhance your ability to work if they are good quality and a good fit. Otherwise they should be avoided when using any swung tool. Chilterns Commons Project is run by the Chilterns Conservation Board and supported by the National Lottery through the Heritage Lottery Fund.