Somaliland-In-Figures-2014

Table of Contents PREFACE ______i

1. INTRODUCTION ______1

2. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE ______1

2.1. LOCATION ______1

2.2. AREA ______1

2.3. CLIMATE ______1

2.4. RAINFALL ______2

2.5. HUMIDITY ______3

3. ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-DIVISIONS ______3

3.1. STATE ______3

3.2. REGIONS AND DISTRICTS ______3

3.3. CAPITAL ______3

3.4. OTHER PRINCIPAL TOWNS ______3

3.5. PORTS ______4

4. POPULATION ______4

4.1 VITAL STATISTICS ______4

4.2 POPULATION DENSITY ______4

4.3 RELIGION ______4

4.4 LANGUAGES ______4

4.5 CURRENCY ______4

5 .Government Employees ______5

6. Economy Sector ______8

6.1 GDP COMPILATION IN SOMALILAND ______9

6.2 BANKING ______12

6.3. LIVESTOCK ______12

6.4 AGRICULTURE ______14

6.4.1. RAIN-FED FARMING AND IRRIGATION ______14

6.4.2. MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE ______14

6.4.3. CEREAL HARVEST IN 2010-2014 ______14

6.5 FISHERIES ______16 i

6.5.1. ARTISANAL FISHING ______16

6.5.2. INDUSTRIAL FISHING ______16

6.5.3. FISH CANNERY ______16

6.5.4. MARKETING ______17

6.6. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET ______18

6.7. LOCALGOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE (Grade A Districts) ______20

6.8. IMPORT ______25

6.9. EXPORT ______30

6.9.1. LIVESTOCK EXPORT ______30

6.9.2. HIDE AND SKIN EXPORT ______33

6.9.3. FRANKINCENSE EXPORT ______34

6.10. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION ______35

7. SOCIAL SECTOR ______37

7.1 EDUCATION ______37

7.1.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION ______38

7.1.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION ______42

7.1.3. HIGHER EDUCATION______45

7.2. HEALTH ______51

7.2.1PUBLIC HEALTH ______51

7.2.2 PRIVATE HEALTH SERVICES ______60

7.3 JUSTICES ______67

7.3.1 CRIMINAL STATISTICS: ______67

7.3.3 VEHICLE ACCIDENTS ______72

7.4 WATER ______73

7.4.1 AVAILABLE WATER FACILITIES ______73

7.4.2 STATUS OF BOREHOLES ______74

7.5 TOURISM ______75

7.5.1 HOTELS ______75

PREFACE The Ministry of National Planning and Development (MNP& D) has the honour of presenting the 2014 edition of Somaliland In-Figures. This booklet is the 12-th publication in the series. It contains official statistical data on various components of the economic and social activities in the Republic. Its purpose is to provide information on different sectors to assist in the planning and development of the nation.

Data contained in this booklet is based mainly on the administrative records of the ministries and agencies of the state. The MNP&D is grateful for the assistance it received. Somaliland In-Figures will be regularly updated. Therefore, we welcome the continued support of existing sources and feedback from users of this data.

Comments and suggestions may be sent to the Department of Statistics and Research at the MNP&D in Hargeisa.

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.slministryofplanning.org

“ XOG LA HEL YAABA TALO LA HEL.”

1. INTRODUCTION The former British Somaliland Protectorate achieved full independence from the United Kingdom on 26 June, 1960. On 1 July, 1960, the state of Somaliland united with Somalia, a territory under a U.N. mandated Italian Trusteeship until that same day, thereby creating the Somali Republic. The Republic of Somaliland restored its independence after the total collapse of Somalia on 18 May 1991 as a result of the civil war of the late eighties and early nineties. The decision was made by the Congress of Council of Clan Elders held in Burao from 27 April to 15 May, 1991. Constitutionally, the Republic of Somaliland is a democratic country with a multi-party system. The decision to reclaim independence in 1991 was confirmed by national referendum for the constitution which and bodies the sanity of the sovereignty of Somaliland on which was approved by 97% of the votes. Since then Somaliland held two local municipal elections (2002 and 2012), a parliamentary election (2005) and two presidential elections (2003 and 2010).

2. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

2.1. LOCATION

The Republic of Somaliland is situated in the Horn of Africa. Its boundaries are defined by the Gulf of Aden in the north, Somalia in the east, the Federal Republic of Ethiopia in the south-west, and the Republic of Djibouti in the north-west. It lies between Latitudes 8o and 11o27’ North and Longitudes 42o35’ and 49o East; it has mountain ranges rising up to six and seven thousand feet in the centre and in the east of the country respectively.

2.2. AREA The total area of the Republic of Somaliland is 137, 600sqkms, and it has a coastline which is 850kms long.

2.3. CLIMATE Somaliland is located north of the Equator. It is semi-arid. The average daily temperatures range from 25oC to 35oC. The sun passes vertically overhead twice a year, on 22 March and 23 September. Somaliland consists of three main topographic zones: (1). A Coastal Plain (Guban) (2) The Coastal Range (Oogo) (3) A Plateau (Hawd) The Coastal Plain (Guban) is a zone with high temperatures and low rainfall. Summer temperatures in the region easily average over 100”F. However, temperatures come down during the winter, and both human and livestock populations increase dramatically in the region. The Coastal Range (Ogo) is a high plateau to the immediate south of Guban. Its elevation ranges from 6000ft above sea level in the west to 7000ft in the East. Rainfall is heavier there than in Guban, although it varies considerably within the zone.

The Plateau (Hawd) region lies to the south of Ogo range. It is generally more heavily populated during the wet season, when surface water is available. It is also an important area for grazing. 1

2.4. RAINFALL Somalilanders recognise four seasons in the year; GU and Hagaa comprise spring and summer in that order, and Dayr and Jiilaal correspond to autumn and winter respectively.

The average annual rainfall is 446mm in some parts of country according to availability of rain gauge, and most of it comes during Gu and Dayr. GU, which is the first, or major, rainy season (late March, April, May, and early June), experiences the heaviest rainfall in Ogo range and Hawd. This constitutes the period of fresh grazing and abundant surface water. It is also the breeding season for livestock. Hagaa (from late June through August) is usually dry although there are often some scattered showers in the Ogo range, these are known as Karan rains. Hagaa tends to be hot and windy in most parts of the country. Deyr (September, October, and early November), which roughly corresponds to autumn, is the second, or minor, wet season; as the word “minor” suggests, the amount of precipitation is generally less than that of Gu. Jilaal, or winter, falls in the coolest and driest months of the year (from late November to early March). It is a season of thirst. Hawd receive virtually no rainfall in winter. The rainfall in the Guban zone, known as “Hays”, comes between January and March or from December to January. Table1. Major cities of Somaliland Annual Rainfall in 2014 MM Borama 624.8 Dila 551 Gabiley 455.5 Hargeisa 576 Aburiin 419.5 Qulujeed 584.8 Berbera 223 Burco 305 Oodwayne 614 Caynabo 551.5 Erigavo 443 Ceel Afwayn 207.5 Xudun 217 Malawle 378.5 Dararwayne 87.5 Cadaadley 461 Dhubato 503 Baligubadle 657.5 Wajaale 526 Sheekh 658 Waraabeye 343 Gacal libaax 875 Badhan 333 Taleex 255 Buhoodle 513 Lasanod 244 Source: Ministry of agriculture

Chart: 1 Major cities of Somaliland monthly rainfall in 2014 MM

2.5. HUMIDITY The humidity of the country varies from 63% in the dry season to 82% in the wet season.

3. ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-DIVISIONS

3.1. STATE The administrative structure of the state consists of three branches: the judiciary, legislative (the House of Elders and the House of Representatives), and the executive (the President and his chosen Council of Ministers). The ministers may not be appointed from Members of Parliament.

3.2. REGIONS AND DISTRICTS The country is divided into fourteen regions, namely, Awdal, Maroodi-jeeh, Saahil, Togdheer, Sanaag, Sool, Gabilay, Salal, Oodweine, Saraar, Buhoodle, Hawd, Badhan and Xaysimo. These are sub-divided into 86 districts.

3.3. CAPITAL

The capital of the Republic of Somaliland is Hargeisa. The estimated population of the city is nearly around 500,000 up to 600,000.

3.4. OTHER PRINCIPAL TOWNS Other towns are Borama, Berbera, Burao, Erigavo, and Las Anod.

3.5. PORTS The principal port town of Somaliland is Berbera.

4. POPULATION The population of Somaliland was estimated at 3.5 million in 2014. The population consists of nomads (33.8%), urban (52.9%), IDPs (2.4%) and rural dwellers (11%).

NB: A recent real scientific based population estimation survey has shown the actual gross rate

4.1 VITAL STATISTICS The annual population growth rate is 2.7%. Life expectancy at birth is 51.8

4.2 POPULATION DENSITY The population density in the Republic of Somaliland has been estimated at 25 persons per square km in 2014

4.3 RELIGION Somaliland is an Islamic State, and Somalilanders are Muslims. The influence of Islam throughout Somaliland is profound, and faith plays a major role in everyday life.

4.4 LANGUAGES The official language of the country is Somali. Arabic and English are also used widely, though mostly in written form.

4.5 CURRENCY The official currency of the Republic of Somaliland is the Somaliland Shilling. The shilling is divided into 100 cents. Currency notes come in denominations of 5000, 1000, 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, and 5 shillings.

5 .Government Employees Table 2.Number of institutional staff, gender and their grades 2014

Gender Grades Name of the institution female male A B C D Total Ministry of religion 3 46 11 12 16 10 49 Ministry of sports 50 157 28 105 40 34 207 Ministry of public works and transports 33 178 63 56 68 24 211 Ministry of labour and social affairs 45 97 40 58 22 22 142 Ministry of Mineral and energy 8 49 24 20 9 4 57 Ministry of justice 103 158 43 95 25 98 261 Ministry of telecommunication 20 66 18 51 8 9 86 Ministry of agriculture 31 166 49 77 33 38 197 Ministry of livestock 48 242 55 173 37 25 290 Ministry of environment and rural dev. 35 222 26 51 163 17 257 Ministry of planning 45 81 62 29 13 22 126 Ministry of defence 9 24 7 11 6 9 33 Ministry of Presidency 18 70 21 27 27 13 88 Ministry of fishery 14 89 22 33 30 18 103 Ministry of interior 83 305 71 146 78 93 388 Ministry of re. and reconstruction 20 61 20 27 21 13 81 Ministry of foreign affairs 15 31 14 12 9 11 46 Ministry of commerce and Industries 35 111 25 57 37 27 146 Ministry of education 1203 5145 653 4915 32 748 6348 Ministry of civil aviation 35 188 42 72 60 49 223 Ministry of information 87 282 53 155 86 75 369 Ministry of Water 12 73 29 44 8 4 85 Ministry of health 1010 1545 272 1010 801 472 2555 Ministry of Finance 236 1002 272 401 238 327 1238 Nerad 5 21 6 14 3 3 26 Auditing general 12 59 8 42 14 7 71 House oh representative 26 60 10 32 17 27 86 House of elders 16 26 7 16 9 10 42 Human rights commission 6 14 10 2 3 8 23 Tender committee 3 8 3 4 2 2 11 Higher courts 8 34 6 8 7 6 27 Attorney general 21 42 5 26 10 23 64 ICT commission 2 8 6 0 1 3 10 NDRC 5 38 7 22 9 5 43 National demining agency 4 29 7 15 7 4 33 AIDS commission 9 24 9 10 2 12 33 Civil Service commission 15 38 24 14 9 6 53 Civil service institute 15 18 14 1 4 14 33 Food Coordination Agency 2 4 2 1 1 2 6 Quality Control 12 47 15 35 3 6 59 Good governance &Against corruption 5 17 10 3 4 5 22 Diaspora Agency 3 11 3 5 2 4 14 Road authority agency 9 16 4 11 0 10 25 LRC 2 8 6 2 1 1 10 Higher education committee 3 21 19 0 2 3 24 Total 3,381 10,931 2,101 7,900 1,977 2,323 14,301 Source: Civil service Commission 5

Table 3. Total Number of institutional staff, gender and their grades 2010-2014

Gender Grades Year Total Female Male A B C D 2012 2,588 8,998 1,611 6,591 1,587 1,538 11,327 2013 2,800 9,989 1,824 7,466 1,785 1,727 12,802 2014 3,381 10,931 2,101 7,900 1,977 2,323 14,301 Source: Civil service Commission

Chart 2. Total Number of institutional staff, gender and their grades 2010-2014

Table4. Number of the staff government within the government Agencies 2014 Staff Grade Staff Gender No NAME Of INSTITUTION TOTAL A B C D MALE FEMALE 1 HARGEISA WATER AGENCY 16 51 227 47 290 50 340 2 STATE PRINTING AGENCY - - - - 54 7 61 3 CENTRAL BANK 143 86 22 76 263 64 327 4 SRDA 12 5 7 11 26 9 35 Source: HWA/SPA/CB/SRDA

Chart3. Number of the staff government within the government Agency 2014

Table 5: Number of pensioners of the government and their grades in 2012-2014

Grades Number of Pensions 2012 2013 2014

A 58 58 72 B 107 107 98 C 91 91 78 D 77 77 75 Total 333 333 323 Source: Civil service Commission

Chart 4. Number of pensioners of the government and their grades in 2012-2014

6. Economy Sector The backbone and the source of wealth of Somaliland’s economy is livestock. About 65% of the population depends either directly or indirectly on livestock and livestock products for their livelihood. Crop husbandry provides subsistence for about 20% of the country’s population. Foreign aid and remittances from the Somaliland Diaspora also play a major role in the economy of the country

Table6: Contribution of Somaliland economy by sector in 2012

Description Contribution USD million

Growing of crops 7.00% 109.8 Livestock industry 28.40% 443.1 Forestry 4.60% 71.9 Fishing 0.30% 3.9 Mining and quarrying 1.20% 18.7 Manufacture of food and beverages 1.20% 18.9 Other manufacturing 0.50% 8.3 Electricity supply 1.00% 16.2 Water supply; sewage; waste management 0.30% 4.3 Construction 2.20% 33.9 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 21.90% 341.7 Transportation and storage 1.90% 28.9 Accommodation and food service activities 3.10% 47.5 Information and communication 2.00% 31.2 Financial and activities 0.30% 4.5 Real estate activities 7.60% 117.8 Professional and support services 1.70% 26.2 Public administration and defence 3.00% 46.7 Education 3.30% 50.7 Human health and social work activities 1.70% 25.9 Other service activities 0.50% 8.2 Sum of values added at basic prices 93.60% 1 458.4 Taxes and subsidies on products 6.40% 100 GDP at purchasers' prices 100.00% 1 558.4 GDP per capita, SLS thousand / USD 444 Source: GDP report

6.1 GDP COMPILATION IN SOMALILAND

A preliminary estimate of GDP 2012 was finalised in January 2014 and presented to the Somaliland Economic Conference on Growth and Unemployment, Poverty and Inflation and Budget Policy (29 January 2014). That estimate was updated in May 2014, but was still based on preliminary population estimates. The PESS was finalised in September and provides more accurate estimates of the population. A proper estimate of the population is essential for the analysis of Somaliland Household Survey and its use in the GDP-estimates.

This is version 3 of the GDP-estimate for 2012. It brings the estimates forward to 2013 and beyond. The same sources and methods can be applied to compile estimates for 2010 and 2011 as well. The intention is to keep the document updated as the methods are being developed and modified. The data sources are scarce and the estimates are to a large extent based on assumptions and inferences from other countries in the region. The assumptions have been made explicit, discussed and validated. The estimates have been organised as follows:

 The GDP estimates have been derived by the production approach (GDP by activity) as well as by the expenditure approach.

 Three surveys have been crucial for the estimates of GDP: the Somaliland Business Survey (SBS); the Somaliland Household Survey (SHS); and the Population Estimation Somaliland Survey (PESS).

 A basic understanding of GDP is important; therefore, a summary of concepts and definitions regarding GDP is provided in below tables

GDP is basically derived by the production approach with a benchmark estimate for 2012; this will be the base year for the estimates at constant prices. Three items on the expenditure side are based on reasonable data sources: household consumption, government consumption and exports while, on the other hand, gross fixed capital formation is a guesstimate at best and imports are derived as a residual.

A simple supply and use table (SUT) has been compiled for 2012. It is meant to make the production and expenditure sides consistent. It is true that a SUT requires a wealth of detailed data that are not yet available in Somaliland.

Table 7: Results of the Somaliland Business Survey (SBS) as prepared for the GDP-estimates in 2013

Description Output Intermediate Value Comp of Employment consumption added employ Growing of crops 8.7 3.6 5.1 2.2 201 Livestock industry 23.8 10.8 13.1 4.6 448 Forestry 4.7 2.3 2.4 0.9 175 Fishing 15.8 5.57 10.24 2.6 565 Mining and quarrying 119.4 11.91 107.5 2.05 471 Manufacture of food excl. meat 78.9 43.87 34.98 9.83 652 processing Manufacturing excl. food and beverages 156.8 122.87 33.95 62.41 4 697 Electricity supply 7.8 6.5 1.3 1.1 0 Construction 683.4 360.5 322.8 66.57 18 877 Wholesale & retail trade; repair of 1 044.0 448.9 595.1 140.18 14 167 vehicles Transportation and storage 6 5.1 0.9 0.9 92 Accommodation and food service 215.9 109.2 106.7 45.5 4 283 activities Information and communication 312.3 110.7 201.6 59.9 6 509 Financial and insurance activities 54.3 37.2 17.2 3.7 336 Real estate activities 28.2 24 4.2 8.2 497 Professional and support services 17.1 8.8 8.3 3.8 321 Other service activities 4.9 1.1 3.8 0.9 505 Total 2 782.1 1 313.0 1 469.1 415.4 52 795 Source: Ministry of planning

Table 8: GDP by Activity 2012

Description Output Intermediate Value Contribution USD consumption added million Growing of crops 887.5 177.5 710 7.00% 109.8 Livestock industry 4 026.4 1 162.0 2 864.4 28.40% 443.1 Forestry 568.9 104.2 464.6 4.60% 71.9 Fishing 29.9 4.5 25.4 0.30% 3.9 Mining and quarrying 134.4 13.4 121 1.20% 18.7 Manufacture of food and beverages 438.8 316.5 122.2 1.20% 18.9 Other manufacturing 221 167.3 53.7 0.50% 8.3 Electricity supply 624.2 519.5 104.7 1.00% 16.2 Water supply; sewage; waste management 63.2 35.7 27.5 0.30% 4.3 Construction 729.6 510.7 218.9 2.20% 33.9 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles 3 875.3 1 666.4 2 208.9 21.90% 341.7 Transportation and storage 434.4 247.7 186.7 1.90% 28.9 Accommodation and food service activities 655.1 347.8 307.3 3.10% 47.5 Information and communication 312.3 110.7 201.6 2.00% 31.2 Financial and activities 69.8 40.5 29.3 0.30% 4.5 Real estate activities 809.4 48 761.4 7.60% 117.8 Professional and support services 220 50.5 169.5 1.70% 26.2 Public administration and defence 439.9 138.2 301.7 3.00% 46.7 Education 483.6 155.8 327.8 3.30% 50.7 Human health and social work activities 253.7 86.6 167.1 1.70% 25.9 Other service activities 65.3 12 53.3 0.50% 8.2 Sum of values added at basic prices 15 342.5 5 915.5 9 427.1 93.60% 1 458.4 Taxes and subsidies on products 646.5 6.40% 100 GDP at purchasers' prices 10 073.6 100.00% 1 558.4 GDP per capita, SLS thousand / USD 2 871 444

Source: Ministry of planning

6.2 BANKING One of the provisions of the National Constitution of the Republic Of Somaliland is the establishment of a bank to carry out Central Bank functions. The Bank of Somaliland was inaugurated in 1994 with appropriate bank laws to ensure that banking regulations are fully in place. The Bank of Somaliland also operates as a commercial bank and has eight branches throughout the country.

6.3. LIVESTOCK The contribution of livestock to the national economy is estimated at close to 28%. Thus, a large share of Somaliland’s people relies mainly on the products and by-products of their livelihood.

Table 9. Estimated Population of livestock: 2010—2014 (Thousand)

Year Goat Sheep Camel Cattle Total 2010 8,266 8,602 1,664 399 18,931 2011 8,464 8,748 1,682 404 19,298 2012 8,667 8,897 1,701 409 19,674 2013 8,875 9,048 1,720 414 20,057 2014 9,088 9,202 1,739 419 20,448 Sources: Ministry of National Planning & Development (Department of Statistics & Research) *Note: The estimates are based on 1975 Somalia census of livestock population and the annual growth rate, goat: 2.4% sheep: 1.7% camel: 1.1% and cattle: 1.2%.

Chart 5: Estimated Population of livestock: 2010—2014

Table 10. Number of Farms by region in 2013-2014

Region No. Dairy farms No. Poultry farms No. Fatering ground & livestock 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 holding 2014 Maroodijeex 11 21 20 16 1 1 Sanaag ------Togdheer 6 17 14 11 2 2 Awdal 4 8 5 3 1 1 Sahil 2 - 4 - - - Sool ------Source: Ministry of Livestock

Chart 6. Number of Farms distributed by region in 2013

Table11. Number of Livestock Vaccinated in 2013-2014

Vaccination Region PPR Sh/G Pox Total 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 Awdal 400,000 288,271 400,000 288,271 800,000 576,542 M/Jeeh 300,000 377,495 300,000 377,495 600,000 754,990 Saahil 300,000 283,960 300,000 283,960 600,000 567,920 Togdheer 400,000 392,010 400,000 392,010 800,000 784,020 Sool 300,000 286,250 300,000 286,250 600,000 572,500 Sanaag 300,000 286,259 300,000 286,259 600,000 572,518 Total 2,000,000 1,914,245 2,000,000 1,914,245 4,000,000 3,828,490 Source: Ministry of Livestock

Chart 7: Number of Livestock Vaccinated in 2013-2014

Table12: No. of Slaughtering houses &L. slaughtered (Reg. Slaughtering Houses) by region 2012- 2014.

Region No. Slaughtering house No. Livestock slaughtered 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 Maroodijeex 2 1 1 86,899 330,985 221,479 Togdheer 1 1 1 88,769 150,350 178,861 Awdal 1 1 1 75,333 32,272 53,972 Sanaag 1 1 - 57,664 28,418 N/A Saxil 1 1 - N/A 42,812 N/A Sool 1 1 - N/A 584,837 N/A Source: Ministry of Livestock

6.4 AGRICULTURE Somaliland has a total area of about 137,600sqkms. Land under cultivation is currently estimated at 3% of the total geographical area. Another 7% has potential for agricultural development. The rainfall, soil (fertility and depth), and topography are the main determinants of these estimates.

6.4.1. RAIN-FED FARMING AND IRRIGATION Rain-fed farming is the main agricultural production system. The main crops grown are cereals. Sorghum is the principal crop, utilizing approximately 70% of the rain-fed agricultural land. Another 25% of the land is used for maize. Other crops such as cowpeas, millet, groundnuts, beans, and barley are also grown in scattered marginal lands.

Irrigation farms are mainly situated along the banks of streams (togs) and other water sources close to the riverbanks. Channelling from the source to the farm is mainly done by diversion of perennial water (springs) to the farm through rudimentary earth canals or floods. The cultivable area of these farms is subject to floods and is, therefore, in danger of being washed away. Most of the irrigated farms have in them areas set aside for the cultivation of vegetables and fruits for commercial purposes.

6.4.2. MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE Farmers sell their products at the local market. Where possible, farm produce is transported to the markets in the urban centres by way of light transport trucks or donkey carts. Small retailers who are supplied directly by the producers or wholesalers sell the produce. There are also middlemen who operate between wholesalers and retailers.

6.4.3. CEREAL HARVEST IN 2010-2014 Harvest in Somaliland normally occurs three times a year. The 2014 Gu/Karan result was only two harvests (sorghum in Gu and maize in Karan). The total cereal harvest area of Somaliland has been estimated at ha 48200 with a total cereal production of 54,207 of tons (80.7% sorghum and 19.3% maize) according to the Ministry of Agriculture.

Table 13: Estimated area harvested, production and yield of major crops during 2010—2014

Years Selected Indicators 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Average 1. Maize Area(ha) 10,120 9,832 10,129 17,350 13,550 12,196 Production(tons) 15,195 5,454 8,180 12,245 10,447 10,304 Yield(Tones/Ha) 1.5 0.6 0.8 0.71 5.20 2 2.Sorghum Area(Ha) 36,869 33,958 37,172 58,500 48200 42,940 Production(Tons) 56,745 60,997 63,483 54,160 43760 55,829 Yield (Tonnes/Ha) 1.5 1.8 1.7 0.93 6.90 3 Total Area(Ha) 46,989 43,790 47,301 75,850 61,750 55,136 Production(tons) 71,940 66,451 71,662 66,405 54,207 66,133 Yield (Tons/Ha) 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.88 12.10 3 Source: Ministry of Agriculture.

Chart8A: Estimated yield of major crops during 2010-2014

Chart 8B: Estimated area, production (Maize & Sorghum) during 2010—2014

6.5 FISHERIES

The warm water of the Gulf of Aden borders the country of Somaliland along a coastline spanning 850kms on its southern fringes. This coastline extends from Lowya-Addo in the west to Elayo in the east and is characterized by sandy beaches broken at intervals by rocky cliffs that often penetrate into the shallow waters.

The continental shelf is relatively narrow, rarely exceeding 15kms, except in the west near the Djibouti border, where it averages 100kms. Artisan fishermen harvest various tropical fish. They include tuna, snappers, groupers, grunts, trevally, emperors, barracudas, goatfish, parrotfish Spanish mackerels, sea breams, horse mackerels, and mulleys. Other marine organisms caught occasionally by local fishermen include sea cucumbers, shrimp, lobsters, and edible crabs. Production of fish in Somaliland is still very low (it’s less than 10% of the pre-war level and constitutes less than 2% of the Gross National Product [GNP]).

According to various reports published by international organisations, fisheries in Somaliland remain untapped. FAO estimates this abundance of fish in the national waters at 200,000 tons and maintains that a maximum sustainable yield of 40,000 tons could be harvested without endangering the stocks. At the present time, estimated fish production is quite low compared to the potential. The shark fishing industry is the mainstay of the artisan fishing community in Somaliland, and more than 90% of the fishing fleet hunts for sharks for their valuable fins. In addition to these, a sizeable yield of sea cucumbers reaching several tons per year is harvested in the waters of Zeila and nearby islands. Furthermore, edible crabs and shrimp are caught in the Zeila and Togoshi areas. Local fishermen market around 30-50Kgs of live, edible crabs daily to Djibouti on foot.

6.5.1. ARTISANAL FISHING

Artisanal fishermen conduct most fishing activity in Somaliland. There are around 15 fishing communities composed of active fishermen and their dependents. Berbera serves as a focal point for the fishing industry in Somaliland. Fish caught at Berbera range from 1000 to 2000kgs and are transported immediately to Hargeisa or to Burao for local consumption. The current fishing fleet consists of 425 motor boats and 109 canoes; four hundred twenty eight of these vessels are operational.

6.5.2. INDUSTRIAL FISHING

Presently, no industrial fishing is undertaken by foreign vessels. Somaliland does not have deep sea Fishing vessels.

6.5.3. FISH CANNERY The country has one fish cannery at Las-Qorey in Sanaag region; it was built in 2002 by a group of local businessmen who installed a new canning machine. Production started in 2002 at a capacity of 1-2.5 tonnes per a day. But unfortunately, it was closed down March 2010.

6.5.4. MARKETING

Catches of fresh fish such as groupers, snappers, emperors, tuna, mackerels, and trevally are sold locally in internal markets such as Berbera, Hargeisa, Burao, Borama, and Erigavo at a price of US $6 per Kilogramme (Sources of Somaliland CPI data). Local fishermen do not have access to an open external market for Exportation of their goods. Trucks transporting fish from the coast to the towns are in short Supply and the roads are narrow and inaccessible in most of the eastern and north-western parts of the coast. The most important item exported by fishermen is dried, salted shark fins. This marine product is exported to South-East Asian countries and usually serves as a good source of income for Fishermen (around US $ 1-1.5 million a year).

Table 14: Monthly Price Fish in Hargeisa 2010-2014 Price/kg (SL.Sh)

Month 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 January 14,125 17,563 18,000 19,708 22,500 February 14,000 17,719 18,313 19,941 26,250 March 17,218 17,688 19,000 23,656 21,875 April 16,500 17,313 19,729 23,234 27,657 May 14,750 18,469 19,800 22,628 26,250 June 14,500 18,094 19,800 22,594 26,250 July 16,500 15,975 20,000 22,781 28,000 August 15,000 18,000 20,500 22,141 30,000 September 16,500 18,000 20,500 21,933 35,688 October 16,000 18,000 21,000 22,762 32,938 November 17,375 18,313 21,000 24,000 32,688 December 17,750 18,000 21,000 24,156 32,500 Source: Ministry of Planning & Development (Dep. of Statistics).

Chart9: Monthly Price of Fish in Hargeisa 2010-2014 (SL.Sh)

6.6. CENTRAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET Table 15: Central government Estimated Budget 2014

Security Sector Estimated Budget Productive Sector Estimated Budget Immigration Office 3,605,786,046 Ministry of Agriculture 3,950,376,813 Coastal Guards 7,683,073,253 Ministry of Commerce 4,853,802,581 Presidential Guards 17,369,748,874 Ministry of Livestock 7,303,620,101 Ministry of Interior 31,957,163,164 Grand Sum 16,107,799,495 Ministry of Defence 2,292,132,770 Infrastructure & Natural Resource Sector Estimated Budget Custodial Corps 35,468,298,540 Ministry of Mineral Resources 2,554,152,456 National Police Army 80,475,407,320 Ministry of Public Works 4,146,659,224 National Army 186,706,220,214 Ministry of fishing & Marine Resource 3,054,953,062 National intelligent commission 8,618,624,100 Ministry of Civil Aviation 9,283,104,401 Grand Sum 374,176,454,281 Ministry of Post & Telecommunication 5,135,292,520 Good Gov. and Rule of Law Estimated Budget Somaliland Road Agency 32,500,000,000 WFP 759,773,600 Grand Sum 56,674,161,663 Law Reform Commission 853,137,920 Economic Sector Estimated Budget ICT Commission 491,331,680 National Tender Board 1,228,439,711 Chief of State Counseling Office 597,677,840 Ministry of Industry & Energy 3,240,570,080 Somaliland Diaspora Agency 453,032,320 Ministry of Planning & Dev 3,352,374,240 Vice-President's Office 585,000,000 Ministry of Finance 89,486,489,373 Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs 1,490,835,104 Grand Sum 97,307,873,404 President's Office 819,000,000 General treasury Fund(All the Sectors) Ministry of Justice & Judiciary 3,034,337,760 General Treasury Supreme Court 2,265,184,120 Grand Sum Attorney General 3,346,575,440 Social Sector National Parties Reg. Committee 2,242,125,000 Fact finding Massacre Commission 1,256,755,520 Magistrate of Account 4,332,839,784 National Demining Agency 1,057,337,970 Quality Control Commission 1,642,392,000 Comm.Aides. 1,900,776,562 National Election Commission 2,106,014,684 Ministry of Water 3,112,288,936 Local Court 10,486,434,440 Ministry of Youth & sports 5,864,483,090 Min. of Foreign Affairs & Intern’l Corp. 15,477,637,688 Ministry of Endowment & Religious Affair 4,081,668,960 House of Representatives 17,877,222,240 Civil Service Commission 8,332,127,845 House of Elders 17,234,053,120 Ministry of Health 39,425,317,838 Ministry of Presidency 41,666,157,890 Ministry of Education 70,566,294,424 Political Parties 1,728,000,000 Director General of Labour Good Governance Anti-Corruption 1,900,668,800 Higher Education 927,472,480 War Vaterns 1,190,000,000 National Humanitarian Committee 1,976,465,920 Grand Sum 132,579,431,430 Ministry of Labour & Social Affairs 3,318,687,778 Media Sector Estimated Budget Directorate of High Education 3,019,436,960 Ministry of Information 10,717,931,250 Ministry of Culture & Tourism 0 Somaliland National T.V 15,668,744,272 Ministry of Rehabilitation 2,145,838,474 Grand Sum 26,386,675,522 National Women Organization 600,000,000 Environment Sector Budget Estimate NDC Agency 30,824,085,916 Ministry of Rural Development & 5,214,515,860 Grand Sum 178,409,038,673 Environment NERAD 1,144,049,672 Grand Sum 6,358,565,532 Source: Ministry of Finance

Table 16: Central government Estimated Budget (Sectors) 2014

Sectors Budget 2014 Security Sector 374,176,454,281 Productive Sector 16,107,799,495 Media Sector 26,386,675,522 Infrastructure & Natural resource Sector 56,674,161,663 Good Governance and Rule of Law 132,579,431,430 Economic sector 97,307,873,404 Environment Sector 6,358,565,532 Social Sector 178,409,038,673 Total 888,000,000,000 Source: Ministry of Finance.

Chart 10: Central government Estimated Budget by Sectors 2014

Table 17: Central gover’t Actual revenue and expenditure at current price: 2010 – 2014 (Sl.sh.)

Year Revenue Expenditure Surplus/(Deficit) 2010 330,909,580,627 262,079,735,632 68,829,844,995 2011 481,323,687,473 494,493,147,825 -13,169,460,352 2012 649,740,967,407 618,779,267,104 30,464,404,054 2013 801,142,492,917 740,772,622,951 60,369,869,966 2014 968,799,504,671 900,126,181,367 68,673,323,304 Source: Ministry of Finance.

Chart11: Central government revenue and expenditure at current price: 2010-2014 (Sl.sh.)

Table 18: Trends in expenditure: 2010-2014 (Sl.sh.)

Head/Expenditure 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 A. Open Balance 3,497,477,212 Nil Nil Nil Nil B. Budget 262,079,735,63 494,493,147,82 618,779,267,1 740,772,622,951 900,126,181,267 ExpenditureC. Out of Budget 2 62,638,247,3915 12,170,464,33004 85,929,683,61 Nil Nil expenditureD. Total Expenditure 324,717,983,02 494,493,147,821 704,708,950,7 740,772,622,951 900,126,181,267 (B+C) Total ( A+D) 3 328,215,450,235 494,493,147,8215 704,708,950,7 740,772,622,951 900,126,181,267 Source: Ministry of Finance.5 5 15

Table 19: Trends in Revenue during 2010-2014 (Sl.sh.)

Indicators 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Import 278,823,490,000 407,014,668,334 238,411,970,931 595,872,909,682 678,159,660,269.7 DutiesDirect taxes 38,977,821,842 13,840,197,999 33,979,991,447 44,284,084,918 96,879,951,467.1 on income/ProfitsIndirect tax 13,108,267,785 60,468,821,140 377,349,005,029 160,985,498,317 193,759,902,934.2 Total 330,909,579,627 481,323,687,473 649,740,967,407 801,142,492,917 968,799,514,671 Sources: Ministry of Finance.

6.7. LOCALGOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE (Grade A Districts) Table 20: Local government revenue and expenditure Hargeisa: 2010 – 2014 (Sl.sh.)

Years Revenue Expenditure Surplus/ Deficit 2010 18,425,168,000 19,844,945,000 -1,419,777,000 2011 18,412,568,908 20,594,945,000 -2,182,286,092 2012 24,227,948,926 24,957,982,539 -730,033,613 2013 30,801,334,012 36,788,295,740 1,457,338,272 2014 27,311,346,587 23,174,394,464 4,136,952,123 Source: Local Government of Hargeisa

Chart 12: Local government revenue and expenditure Hargeisa: 2010– 2014 (Sl.sh.)

Table 21: Local Gover’t Revenue and Expenditure Gabiley: 2009-2013 (Sl.sh.)

Year Revenue Expenditure Surplus 2010 5,404,184,752 3,715,000,000 1,689,184,752 2011 7,115,492,000 5,333,992,000 1,781,500,000 2012 10,171,493,898 18,917,535,417 -8,746,041,519 2013 11,697,217,982 11,689,217,982 8,000,000 2014 18,796,691,500 18,757,548,728 + 39,142,771 Source: Local government of Gabiley Chart 13: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Gabiley: 2010—2014 (Sl.Sh)

Table 22: Local government revenue and expenditure Boroma: 2010– 2014 (Sl.Sh)

Year Revenue Expenditure Surplus/ Deficit 2010 2,557,503,744 2,377,503,744 180,000,000 2011 3,297,000,000 3,287,360,000 9,640,000 2012 2,728,963,269 2,480,891,732 248,071,537 2013 3,138,307,680 2,853,025,491 285,282,189 2014 8,270,160506 8,267,866793 2,293,713 Source: Local Government of Borama

Chart 14: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure Borama 2010-2014 (Sl.Sh)

Table 23: Local government revenue and expenditure Burao: 2010– 2014 (Sl.Sh)

Years Revenue Expenditure Surplus/Deficit 2010 5,248,878,338 6,230,200,000 -981,321,662 2011 7,464,200,000 6,806,200,000 658,000,000 2012 8,425,721,807 8,026,123,392 399,598,415 2013 8,632,246,240.7 8,536,451,920 95,794,320.7 2014 18,614,351,222.08 17,633,667,900.40 980,683,321.68 Source: Local Government Burao

Chart 15: Local government revenue and Expenditure Burao: 2010 – 2014 (Sl.Sh)

Table 24: Local government revenue and expenditure Berbera: 2010 – 2014 (Sl.Sh)

Year Revenue Expenditure Surplus/Deficit 2010 18,405,400,000 17,049,458,022 1,355,941,978 2011 20,049,458,022 17,049,458,022 3,000,000,000 2012 2,728,963,269 2,480,891,732 248,071,537 2013 12,192,600,500 11,095,600,500 1,097,000,000 2014 37,034,876,310 37,644,813,341 -609,937,031 Source: Local Government Berbera & Ministry of Interior 22

Chart 16: Local government revenue and expenditure Berbera: 2010– 2014 (Sl.Sh)

Table 25: Local government revenue and expenditure Lasanod: 2010 – 2011 (Sl.Sh)

Year Revenue Expenditure Surplus/Deficit 2010 1,776,800,000 1,756,800,000 200,000,000 2011 2,169,000,000 2,188,000,000 19,000,000 2012 N/A N/A N/A 2013 2,396,725,400 2,311,715,000 85,010,400 2014 1,270,482,438 1 ,232,095,143 38,387,925 Sources: Ministry of Interior

Chart 17: Local government revenue and expenditure Lasanod: 2010 – 2014 (Sl.Sh)

Table 26: Local government revenue and expenditure Erigavo: 2010 – 2014 (Sl.Sh)

Years Revenue Expenditure Surplus/Deficit 2010 1,657,000,000 1,575,000,000 82,000,000 2011 1,785,000,000 1,685,000,000 100,000,000 2012 2,574,509,348 1112938691 1,461,570,657 2013 1,089,461,954.93 1,021,968,820.5 67,493,134.43 2014 2,230,012,295 2,188,621,260 41,391,035 Sources: Ministry of Interior

Chart 18: Local government revenue and expenditure Erigavo: 2010 – 2014 (Sl.Sh)

Table 27: Total Local government revenue and expenditure 2010-2014 (Sl.Sh)

Year Revenue Expenditure Surplus/deficit 2010 53,474,934,834 52,548,906,766 926,028,068 2011 60,292,718,930 56,944,955,022 3,347,763,908 2012 50,857,600,517 57,976,363,503 -7,118,762,986 2013 69,947,893,770 74,296,275,454 -4,348,381,684 2014 113,527,920,858 108,899,007,629 4,628,913,229 Source: Ministry of Interior

Chart 19: Total Local Government Expenditure and Revenue 2009-2013 (Sl.Sh)

6.8. IMPORT Table 28: Yearly Import of Food Items through Berbera port: 2010-2014 (Tonnes)

Sugar Rice W/Flour Wheat O/Beans C/Oil Pasta Dates Biscuit 2010 133,500 60,270 71,650 56,052 53,409 17,949 28,589 3,749 6,064 2011 94,956 86,827 71,511 20,500 4,506 17,656 34,998 6,570 6,887 2012 118,440 83,846 75,925 64,767 5,674 19,888 34,401 4,855 10,185 2013 115,929 79,822 82,519 11,656 1,997 13,125 28,717 6,851 9,370 2014 181,227 94,296 111,579 4,985 8,534 28,101 45,054 7,552 6,641 Sources: Berbera Authority

Chart 20: Yearly Import of Food Items through Berbera port: 2010-2014

Table 29: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Berbera port: 2010- 2014 (Tonnes & M3)

Petrol Diesel E/Oil Clothes C/Truck S/part Cigart Soap O/building Other Total 2010 6,454 52,401 1,351 20,514 13,179 3,478 6,872 9,992 203,162 128,988 446,391 2011 7,168 56,392 967 10,183 10,774 2,294 7,124 9,581 45,313 147,199 296,995 2012 10,741 56,022 1,042 9,484 11,365 3,315 9,011 9,148 56,015 197,715 363,858 2013 16,162 69,408 1,299 10,684 15,077 5,232 7,528 10,925 49,751 191,828 378,071 2014 20,237 99,077 891 13,303 18,291 6,887 5,482 9,783 55,487 250,304 479,742 Sources: Berbera Authority

Chart 21: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Berbera port: 2010- 2014

Table30: Yearly Import of Food Items through Wajale customs 2013 (Kg/sacks/Bgs/)

Fresh Vegetables kg Banana kg Ground nuts Buushi sacks Beans BGS Daafi sacks Month 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 Jan 2,095.84 2,210,000 18,000 0 0 12,500 0 0 240 0 280 0 Feb 1,864,700 2,092,500 6,000 0 8,900 22,400 0 0 474 0 0 0 Mar 2,531,500 2,131,000 12,000 0 0 12,500 0 0 150 0 1,310 0 Apr 0 2,597,750 100 0 0 22,700 0 1,460 0 0 0 0 May 2,727,060 3,022,000 0 0 0 0 0 400 0 0 0 0 Jun 2,574,500 3,181,500 0 0 0 0 670 0 0 0 0 0 Jul 2,295,000 3,154,600 0 0 750 200 530 50 0 0 380 0 Aug 2,067,260 2,985,000 0 0 2,213 2,270 0 100 0 0 215 0 Sep 2,380,000 2,760,000 0 0 0 7,000 400 0 0 0 0 0 Oct 2,660,288 3,063,000 0 0 2,250 1,530 50 0 0 0 739 0 Nov 2,457,000 2,526,000 0 0 10,500 15,965 100 0 1,086 0 0 0 Dec 2,347,000 2,159,500 0 0 2500 0 537 0 1,082 0 0 0 Total 23,906,404 31,882,850 36,100 0 27,113 97,065 2,287 2,010 3,032 0 2,924 0 Source: Wajale customs

Chart22A: Yearly Import of Food Items through Wajale customs in 2013

Chart22B: Yearly Import of Food Items through Wajale customs in 2013-2014

Table31: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Wajale customs in 2013-2014 (Kg/sacks/Bgs/)

Month Kat kg Kerosene Gas Oil M3 Cements sacks Wooden Post Shoes Doz 2013 2014 2013M3 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013Pcs 2014 2013 2014 Jan 2,087,282 21,673 67 32 28 0 150 54,700 2,400 2,800 0 0 Feb 1,969,095 17,764 57 57 117 0 0 73,920 950 140 0 0 Mar 2,199,924 21,362 94 81 244.5 0 0 91,680 650 900 0 0 Apr 2,569,249 21,046 0 76 0 0 0 64,800 0 2,000 0 0 May 2,665,049 18,963 106.5 55 0 0 12,320 80,720 820 4,700 60 0 Jun 2,669,638 17,930 64 60 0 0 1620 92,900 240 0 85 0 Jul 2,335,774 13,958 0 69 0 0 17600 73,000 0 0 345 267 Aug 2,984,295 19,009 96.5 46 0 0 36900 76,500 2200 2,280 15 75 Sep 3,130,325 21,314 39 55 0 0 0 59,000 4150 3,900 421 88 Oct 3,143,099 22,948 60 101 24 0 1350 89,740 2150 2,000 210 136 Nov 2,844,226 20,581 126 94 0 0 46,435 87,160 0 2,000 0 0 Dec 2,664,001 21,258 95 64 12 0 2523 55,120 2800 2,000 136 0 Total 31,261,957 237,806 805 790 426 0 118,898 899,240 16,360 22,720 1,272 566 Source: Wajale customs

Chart 23A: Import Kat through Wajale customs 2013

Chart 23B: Import Kat through Wajale customs 2014

Chart 23C: Yearly Import of Non Food Items through Wajale customs 2013-2014

Table 32: Total Import of Fuel: 2010-2014 (M3)

Year Mogas m3 Jet A 1 M3 Kerosene M3 2010 58,855 14,700.89 1,019.70 2011 91,698 6,579.91 875 2012 22,989.7 6,945.412 843.750 2013 131,280 37597.154 1848 2014 112,209 7,468 89,365 Sources: Ministry of Finance (Mogas= Petrol & Diesel Combined)

Chart 24: Total Import of Fuel: 2010-2014 (M3)

Table 33: Some of the Indicators Imported on Yearly Comparison 2010-2014 (Tonnes & M3)

Year Sugar Rice W/ Flour Bdg/Mats Fuel 2010 133,500 60,270 71,650 203,160 58,855 2011 87,105 73,158 66,753 45,313 91,698 2012 118,440 83,846 75,925 56,015 30,777 2013 115,929 79,822 82,519 213,625 86,869 2014 181,227 94,296 111,579 250,304 85,570 Source: Berbera Port Authority

Table 34: Import Containers through Berbera Port 2010—2014 (Size & Weight)

Year Size 20 Size 40 TEU Weight (Kg) 2010 6,176 2,663 11,502 192,590,848 2011 8,150 3,160 14,470 251,208,818 2012 10,261 3,846 17,980 329,821,714 2013 11,170 3,850 18,870 335,148,754 2014 15,482 5,389 26,260 475,912,033 Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 25: Import Containers through Berbera Port 2010—2014 (Size & Weight)

6.9. EXPORT

6.9.1. LIVESTOCK EXPORT The livestock sector makes a significant contribution to the national economy, and a majority of Somalilanders rely on this sector and related activities. Camels, cattle, and sheep/goats are the primary species in the pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood areas. Most of the country’s hard currency is generated through the export of livestock. A total of 3,089,592 livestock head were exported from January to December 2014 of these 98% were sheep/ goats.

Table 35: Export of goats and sheep through Berbera Port 2010--2014 (HDS)

Month 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan 189,662 70,967 111,646 209,004 194,804 Feb 51,994 86,684 241,356 127,204 118,510 Mar 37,923 127,304 107,948 95,488 139,114 Apr 66,696 106,845 95,092 68,658 129,984 May 7,712 57,831 71,676 123,226 64,191 Jun 92,936 167,777 183,357 186,357 264,330 Jul 174,909 317,763 203,054 252,222 226,690 Aug 160,313 193,731 163,101 201,373 262,961 Sep 255,456 177,081 271,680 922,458 1,278,585 Oct 515,137 1,219,775 1,564,484 589,384 91,034 Nov 938,228 371,994 42,625 19,072 183,379 Dec 51,988 206,932 163,565 94,509 136,010 Total 2,542,954 3,104,684 3,219,584 2,888,955 3,089,592 Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 26: Yearly Export of goats and sheep through Berbera Port 2010-2014 (HDS)

Table 36: Export of Cattle through Berbera Port: 2010-2014 (HDS)

Month 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan 11,990 13,532 18,917 16,594 21,457 Feb 8,623 11,337 19,592 14,239 16,732 Mar 4,320 7,449 14,696 15,486 20,836 Apr 7,487 6,568 10,413 8,940 15,710 May 49,568 8,653 9,766 11,156 14,577 Jun 8,576 4,643 11,539 13,643 19,071 Jul 9,535 14,164 13,970 15,817 24,111 Aug 10,264 13,920 13,904 16,636 24,144 Sep 13,387 13,532 16,158 26,101 43,521 Oct 24,842 27,972 27,486 27,071 13,479 Nov 17,067 13,008 17,249 16,501 15,981 Dec 9,218 16,156 16,664 19,692 22,778 Total 165,659 150,934 190,354 201,876 252,397 Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 27: Yearly Export of Cattle through Berbera Port 2009----2013 (HDS)

Table 37: Export of Camel through Berbera Port 2010--2014 (HDS)

Month 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan 10,187 10,503 10,740 9,424 12,058 Feb 10,049 11,626 10,934 8,307 11,491 Mar 4,323 9,374 8,506 7,169 18,766 Apr 9,194 6,245 10,598 6,241 10,644 May 3,340 5,829 6,160 9,481 2,660 Jun 1,912 8,779 14,872 12,906 1,082 Jul 6,157 14,042 15,776 4,133 1,946 Aug 8,657 8,801 5,226 2,984 438 Sep 6,281 12,381 6,174 4,925 482 Oct 12,600 6,889 2,166 529 134 Nov 11,397 2,901 4,512 2,140 950 Dec 8,554 9,911 7,000 7,489 3,927 Total 92,651 107,281 102,664 75,728 64,578 Source: Berbera Port Authority 31

Chart 28: Yearly Export of Camel through Berbera Port 2010--2014 (HDS)

Table 38: Total Export of livestock through Berbera Port: 2010---2014 (HDS)

Month 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Total Jan 211,839 95,002 141,303 235,022 228,319 911,485 Feb 70,666 109,647 271,882 149,750 146,733 748,678 Mar 46,566 144,127 131,150 118,143 178,716 618,702 Apr 83,377 119,658 116,103 83,839 156,338 559,315 May 60,620 72,313 87,602 143,863 81,428 445,826 Jun 103,424 181,199 209,768 212,906 284,483 991,780 Jul 190,601 345,969 232,800 272,172 252,747 1,294,289 Aug 179,234 216,452 182,231 220,993 287,543 1,086,453 Sep 275,124 202,994 294,012 953,484 1,322,588 3,048,202 Oct 552,579 1,254,636 1,594,136 616,984 104,647 4,122,982 Nov 966,692 387,903 64,386 37,713 200,310 1,657,004 Dec 69,760 232,999 187,229 121,690 162,715 774,393 Total 2,810,482 3,362,899 3,512,602 3,166,559 3,406,567 16,259,109 Source: Berbera Port Authority Chart 29: Yearly Export of livestock through Berbera Port: 2010--2014 (HDS)

6.9.2. HIDE AND SKIN EXPORT Table39: Export of hide and skin pieces through Berbera Port: 2010—2014 (Piece)

Month 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan 505,347 862,255 314,490 227,049 108,456 Feb 257,850 2,368,945 223,891 340,500 106,513 Mar 432,847 3,127,508 249,612 66,588 256,083 Apr 306,555 791,100 391,854 131,415 417,436 May 492,864 1,918,757 329,033 82,350 254,778 Jun 151,222 1,143,535 115,776 211,737 328,900 Jul 196,950 1,796,932 181,954 56,800 426,500 Aug 575,235 225,400 352,180 144,715 178,700 Sep 124,664 604,100 1,070,058 270,257 218,736 Oct 563,738 242,976 199,336 245,647 283,251 Nov 1,005,800 244,154 269,843 257,195 384,300 Dec 2,290,974 316,685 278,004 145,990 231,085 Total 6,904,046 13,642,346 3,976,031 2,180,243 3,194,738 Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 30: Yearly Export of hide and skin pieces through Berbera Port: 2010—2014 (Piece)

6.9.3. FRANKINCENSE EXPORT Table40: Export of Frankincense through Berbera Port 2010--2014 (Kg)

Month 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Jan 300 271,020 97,825 49,000 55,665 Feb 6,500 53,650 42,320 70,150 21,600 Mar 34,100 16,240 0 7,880 62,818 Apr 168,650 245,502 24,200 25,000 86,680 May 23,800 118,520 35,659 20,000 20,704 Jun 6,300 274,240 0 39,450 10,400 Jul 0 136,693 0 150,000 81,500 Aug 3,116,700 55,200 0 25,300 345,000 Sep 0 0 163,667 27,231 136,350 Oct 24,570 0 16,000 12,919 53,185 Nov 199,810 9,600 43,000 71,100 23,320 Dec 303,287 107,750 67,672 18,970 158,440 Total 3,884,017 1,288,515 490,343 517,000 1,055,662 Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 31: Yearly Export of Frankincense through berbera Port: 2010-2014 (Kg)

Table 41: Berbera Port Traffic: 2010-2014 (NO)

Year Dhows Ships Total 2010 285 378 663 2011 307 363 670 2012 345 401 746 2013 334 356 690 2014 349 421 770 Source: Berbera Port Authority

Chart 32: Berbera Port Traffic: 2010-2014 (No)

6.10. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION Table 42: passenger and cargo movement at Hargeisa and Berbera Airports 2010-2014 (No & Kg)

Year Commercial Passenger Airport Non-Commercial Passenger Commercial Cargo Passenger In Passenger Out Passenger In Passenger Out Cargo In (Kg) Cargo Out(Kg) 2010 95,063 86,596 0 0 408,949 Kg 37,280 Kg 2011 81,578 78,770 0 0 481,688 Kg 2,562 Kg 2012 80,440 72,090 12,795 13,686 851,554 Kg 29,965 Kg 2013 83,112 80,860 480 390 438,479 Kg 10,100 Kg 2014 91,239 85,864 0 0 309516.76 kg 0 Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

Chart 33A: passenger movement at Hargeisa and Berbera Airports 2010-2014 and cargo

Chart 33B: cargo movement at Hargeisa and Berbera Airports 2010-2014

Table 43: Airports with Paved and unpaved runways 2014

Airports with paved Runways Airports with unpaved Runways Airport Length (M) Airport Length (m) Hargeisa 2,440 Burao 1,100 Berbera 4,140 Borama 1,100 Erigavo 1,200 L/caanood 1,100 Kalabeydh 1,100 Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

Table 44: Aircrafts Movements through Somaliland Airports 2013-2014 Hargeisa Airport Berbera Airport Aircrafts Movement 2013 2014 2013 2014 No. of Flights 1,130 2,416 2,037 278 No. of Passengers 29,063 87,025 54,529 4,214 disembarkedNo. of Passengers (In) 28,690 80,646 52,560 5,218 embarkedNo. of Arrived (out) Cargo 2,450Kg 224,876.76 436,029Kg 84,640 (Kg)No. of Departure Cargo 0 0 10,100 Kg 0 (Source: Kg) Ministry of Civil Aviation and Air Transport.

7. SOCIAL SECTOR

7.1 EDUCATION The current educational system consists of a primary level with eight grades, followed by a secondary level with four grades. Overall, the number of students enrolled in primary schools, secondary schools and universities in Somaliland continues to grow rapidly.

Table 45 : Growth of Public and Private Education during 2000/2001-20013/2014

Year Pri. Schools Sec. Schools Family life Vocational Universities 2000/01 294 15 13 4 2 2001/02 307 16 17 4 2 2002/03 353 20 24 4 2 2003/04 385 29 33 4 2 2004/05 412 35 33 2 3 2005/06 516 43 N/B 2 5 2006/07 N/A 44 N/A 2 6 2007/08 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2008/09 627 59 30 N|A 10 2009/10 917 84 30 5 20 2010/11 907 99 5 22 2011/12 1,000 94 174 27 22 2012/13 1,030 86 174 27 22 2013/14 936 114 N/A N/A 22 Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 34: Growth of Public and Private Education during 2000/2001-20013/20134

7.1.1 PRIMARY EDUCATION Primary schools have increased students enrolment from 35,997 in 1998/99 to213,369 . Likely gender enrolment estimates in 2013/14 indicate that there are 10 girls out of 22 students. Most of the schools were constructed with the help of aid assistance from the international community.

Table46: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) during 1998/99-2013/2014

Year Schools Classes Male Female Total Teachers 1998/99 144 887 26,356 9,641 35,997 960 1999/00 174 1,106 32,720 12503 45,223 1,167 2000/01 222 1,893 38,106 14,819 52,925 1,921 2001/02 307 2,078 56,951 27,723 84,674 2,062 2002/03 354 2,386 63,912 32,294 96,206 2,346 2003/04 385 2,65 70,617 35,863 106,480 2,590 2004/05 412 2586 79,878 38,438 118,316 2,801 2005/06 516 3,277 85,665 51,091 136,756 3,941 2006/07 N/A N/A 94,627 56,873 151,500 N/A 2007/08 590 3,746 75,985 42,730 159,042 3,937 2008/09 627 N\A 108,322 62,608 170,930 4969 2009/10 917 4,043 138,137 94,862 232,999 4,969 2010/11 907 98,359 71,988 170,347 5,668 2011/12 1,000 105,986 78,696 184,682 5,960 2012/13 1,030 N/A 114,861 91,683 206,544 5,567 2013/14 936 4,046 118,130 95,239 213,369 7,905 Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 35A: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) 1998/99-2013/2014

Chart 35B: Growth of Primary Education (Public and Private) 1998/99-2013/2014

Table 47: Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2011/2012

Student Enrolment Region Schools Classes Male Female M/F Total Awdal 96 12,490 10,691 23,181 M.Jeex 241 42,501 28,819 71,320 Sahil 75 5,139 3,881 9,020 Togdheer 135 22,134 16,478 39,387 Sanag 184 12,134 10,051 22,185 Sool 108 10,813 8,776 19,589 Total 839 105,986 78,696 184,682 Source: Ministry of Education. Chart36. Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2011/2012

Table 48: Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2012/2013-2013/2014

Student Enrolment Region Male Female M/F Total 2012/2013 2013/2014 2012/2013 2013/2014 2012/2013 2013/2014 Awdal 11,943 13,156 10,763 11,590 22,706 24,746 M.Jeex 34,899 37,808 28,137 30,027 63,036 67,835 Sahil 5,872 4,942 4,657 4,914 10,529 9,856 Togdheer 17,952 16,345 12,431 12,131 30,383 28,476 Sanag 11,303 10,973 10,041 9,556 21,344 20,529 Sool 9,281 9,123 7,256 7,578 16,537 16,701 Saraar 2,763 2,650 2,956 2,354 5,719 5,004 Buhoodle 3,819 4,350 2,887 3,222 6,706 7,572 Hawd 1,279 1,172 1,029 905 2,308 2,077 Gabiley 7,717 8,902 5,643 6,319 13,360 15,221 Odwayne 1,534 1,605 972 999 2,506 2,604 Badhan 4,686 5,078 3,370 3,962 8,056 9,040 Salal 1,816 2,026 1,541 1,682 3,357 3,708 Total 114,864 118,130 91,683 95,239 206,547 213,369 Source: Ministry of Education. Chart37. Distribution of Primary Education by Region during 2012/2013-2013/2014 (No)

Table49: Primary Education—Distribution of Students by Gender during 12/13-13/14

Student Enrolment Male Female TMF Area 2012/2013 2013/2014 2012/2013 2013/2014 2012/2013 2013/2014 Urban 74,116 82,798 55,598 67,291 129,714 118,130 Rural 30,863 35,332 22,371 27,948 53,234 95,239 Source: Ministry of Education

Chart 38: Primary Education—Distribution of Students by Gender during 12/13-13/14

Table 50: Primary and Secondary Examination Results (National) during 06/07-13/14

Year Type Schools Students Passed Failed Absent Grade 8 88 5,231 4,751 369 101 2006/07 Form 4 27 2,468 2,370 16 82 Grade 8 117 6,702 5,683 707 244 2007/08 Form 4 36 3,027 2,905 9 113 Grade 8 132 8,142 7,402 541 195 2008/09 Form 4 37 3,174 3,000 165 0 Grade 8 149 8,968 8,104 659 204 2009/10 Form 4 49 3,980 3,881 2 97 Grade 8 183 10,710 9,665 799 246 2010/11 Form 4 51 4,911 4,911 0 0 Grade 8 218 11,626 10,688 531 407 2011/12 Form 4 63 5,851 0 0 0 Grade 8 253 12,142 11684 187 271 2012/13 Form 4 61 7,302 7,049 0 253 Grade 8 289 13,266 12,744 276 246 2013/14 Form 4 81 7,799 7,632 16 147 Total 115,299 102,489 4,261 2,606 Source: Ministry of Education. Chart 39: Primary and Secondary Examination Results (National) during 06/07--13/14

7.1.2 SECONDARY EDUCATION The total number of students enrolled in secondary schools grew during 2012/013 from 19,146 to 43,503 2013/014 which translates to an annual growth rate of 9%, but gender disparity in enrolment stands at 1:2 in school year 0f 013/014 in favour of boys.

Table 51: Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 1996/97-2013/2014

Year No. of No. of Student enrolment Teacher Schools Classes Male Female Total 1996/97 3 7 278 51 329 29 1997/98 3 19 778 139 917 37 1998/99 5 28 1,065 178 1,243 59 1999/00 13 69 2,246 526 2,772 127 2000/01 15 98 3,548 832 4,380 174 2001/02 16 123 4,700 1,052 5,752 232 2002/03 24 178 7,502 1,664 9,166 294 2003/04 30 225 8,458 2,315 10,773 358 2004/05 35 233 9,254 2,590 11,844 300 2005/06 43 243 10,565 3,204 13,769 315 2006/07 44 253 11,681 3,732 15,413 325 2007/08 59 442 13,737 5,409 19,146 871 2008/09 68 N/A 14,843 5,646 20,460 546 2009/10 84 N/A 19,164 7,854 27,018 528 2010/11 99 677 24,516 11,614 36,130 1,202 2011/12 94 N/A 21,229 10,135 31,384 1,124 2012/13 110 N/A 25,814 13,642 39,456 1,087 2013/14 114 786 27,368 16,135 43,503 1,755 Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 40A: Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 1996/97-2013/14

Chart 40B: Growth of Secondary Education (Public and Private) during 1996/97-2013/14

Table 52: Distribution of Secondary Education by Region during 2012/2013

Region Schools Student Enrolment Male Female M/F Total Awdal 15 3,104 1,862 4,981 M/jeex 45 13,707 6,703 20,455 Saxil 6 1,022 680 1,708 Togdheer 17 4,432 2,338 6,787 Sanaag 15 1,565 850 2,430 Sool 12 1,984 1,209 3,205 Total 110 25,814 13,642 39,456 Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 41: Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by Region during 12/13

Table 53: Distribution of Secondary Education by Region during 2013/2014

Student Enrolment Region Schools Male Female M/F Total Awdal 19 3,303 2,523 5,826 M/jeex 36 14,661 8,122 22,783 Saxil 8 1,315 716 2,031 Togdheer 24 4,704 2,540 7,244 Sanaag 18 2,020 1,331 3,351 Sool 9 1,365 899 2,264 Total 114 27,368 16,131 43,499 Source: Ministry of Education.

Chart 42: Public and Private Secondary Schools Distribution by Region during 2013/2014

7.1.3. HIGHER EDUCATION Table 54: Number of Students Enrolled at the beginning of the academic year in Universities 2010-2014

City 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Amoud 2,684 3508 2,895 4,031 3,822 Borama EELO 710 659 654 714 925 Gebiley Tima Cadde 184 227 80 - U. Hargeisa 2521 3126 4,005 4,941 6,040 U. Golis 1589 2223 2102 2,948 3,405 N. generation 170 866 U.HOPE 183 1,698 69 CSI 788 767 Hargeisa U. Admas 1526 1472 1,472 187 1363 U. Alpha 1,504 _ 722 Adis Ababa 240 189 Beder _ _ _ _ 553 IHU 425 422 346 - Golis 195 760 192 Academy 84 84 126 Berbera Alpha 266 Burao 618 321 658 348 794 Burao Adis Ababa 342 Total 10,257 11,958 13,752 17,335 20,441 Source: Universities.

Chart 43: Number of Students Enrolled at the beginning of the academic year in Universities 2010-2014

Table 55: Total Students Enrolled in all universities by faculty during the 2010-2014

Faculties 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 All freshs 841 1,018 828 1,083 1,247 Business 1,293 1,391 2,135 1,730 2,136 Education 678 460 369 836 718 Agriculture 312 413 277 745 933 Medicine 409 635 567 691 660 Shar & Law 531 590 489 458 684 Human resource 165 297 Nursing 95 112 110 311 219 Development management 220 197 Comp. ICT 1,157 1,267 2,648 1,644 1,886 Global and international studies 64 142 Public administration 284 242 Dental 45 75 56 81 68 Engineering 915 1,480 1,201 1,523 1,854 Lab. Tech 28 56 68 131 68 urban management 37 93 Pharmacy 26 50 62 62 55 Dip.in Bus 91 101 - - - Dip. in Proj 57 77 - - - Dip. in Edu 254 225 - - - Scott 185 - - - - Islamic Stu. 123 214 317 291 215 Science 251 589 801 1,021 1,476 Economics 595 636 981 1,165 1,161 Management 278 233 233 132 120 Accounting 318 315 315 453 600 Com. Science 247 197 195 68 288 Mgt. Science 572 792 177 1,024 - Eco. Manag Science 88 65 - - 183 Teleco Eng. - - 391 674 858 Qoran Science 129 153 - - - MSM 102 150 142 120 144 Institute of Peace 50 30 - - 27 Veterinary 48 - 37 36 - Languages` 137 27 39 - - Office Admin 118 20 20 - - Dev’t Studies 185 221 263 625 590 Continuous Study 27 266 - - - MBA 33 46 - - - Business & IT (BIT) 39 54 - 148 - International relations and political science 67 226 Computer Engineering 46 86 79 Geology 102 165 209 Public Health 127 557 891 Social Work 42 125 265 Health and Science 110 - - Social Science 78 - - Post gradute studies 122 301 - MBBS 50 39 - 46

CLS 35 - - Marine Engineering 35 26 - Science foundation 63 - - Community development 98 - 132 Animal science and agriculture 74 89 154 Nautical Science 49 58 - Clinical Laboratory Science Degree 36 Clinical Laboratory Science Diploma 33 Midwifery 41 Islamic Economic 92 Teacher Training 115 Post gradute Diploma 123 Optometry 37 Project Management 80 G & Leadership 61 Architecture 35 Education Phy/maths 9 Education Bio/chemistry 16 Education Geo/history 12 Education Arabic/religion 19 Nutrition 31 Fishery 68 Diploma Accounting 26 Diploma Computer 18 Total 10,257 11,958 13,752 17,335 20,441 Source: Universities. Table 56: Students graduated by University 2010-2014

City 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Amoud University 288 253 416 421 613 Borama EELO University 155 122 665 624 Gebiley Tima Cadde University - - - - University Of Hargeisa 401 538 649 744 793 Gollis University 445 262 358 372 701 New generation University Collage 58 479 HOPE University 42 85 83 Civil Servant Institute (CSI) - 353 Hargeisa Admas University Collage 235 289 433 379 1363 Alpha University Collage 429 368 237 Adis Ababa Medical University Collage 108 100 Beder International University _ _ _ _ 63 IHU 30 37 - _ Gollis University 88 58 44 Berbera Academy _ _ _ _ 72 Alpha _ _ _ _ 28 Burao University 101 12 62 - 483 Burao Adis Ababa Buroa _ _ _ _ 28 Total 1,500 1,546 2,599 3,150 5,920 Source: Universities.

Chart 44: Students graduated by University 2010-2014

Table 57: Students graduating nationwide from universities by specialty 2010-2014

Faculty 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female MS-IT 51 22 130 57 448 145 111 55 705 226 Telecom Eng. 0 0 0 0 83 10 173 20 136 18 Civil Eng. 43 2 71 2 143 4 242 23 237 24 Medicine 12 5 13 4 20 13 20 8 27 12 Global studies 18 6 62 28 Public health 72 40 87 119 Anes Thesia 0 0 0 0 11 2 11 2 0 0 Law 60 34 59 15 75 50 58 29 35 25 Public admin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 23 Computer Science 9 4 29 16 165 36 408 131 112 22 Acc.and Finance 44 21 28 30 134 62 113 66 264 144 Business 213 70 149 91 202 109 207 89 364 182 Economics 90 20 154 33 186 54 224 45 327 102 BPA 0 0 0 0 21 4 0 0 Mgt science 28 21 92 57 34 24 154 94 73 23 Islamic 0 0 24 21 30 11 29 23 42 26 Human resource 16 7 149 59 Geology 38 12 0 0 Science 12 4 8 5 43 21 49 36 0 0 Social work 4 3 29 32 MSM 0 0 28 1 38 4 20 1 11 1 Education 331 139 131 51 29 5 79 13 179 39 IPCS 30 3 21 2 28 6 38 10 10 9 Midwifery 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 Medical Laboratory 0 0 0 0 13 4 24 12 14 4

Agriculture 30 9 28 5 32 3 54 12 94 16 Nursing 7 11 9 17 7 24 31 43 8 18 Dentists 0 0 0 0 10 2 14 2 0 0 Sharia & Law 21 19 36 11 25 11 25 11 105 52 Diploma Education 40 7 69 13 46 3 2 7 Diploma in Bus. 0 0 0 0 25 6 10 30 0 0 Diploma in Dental 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 MDG 0 0 0 0 34 46 0 0 D.s 0 0 0 0 20 6 50 21 0 0 Crim. & Justice 0 0 23 4 8 1 0 0 Distance Prog 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Veterinary 11 2 0 0 0 0 9 5 19 0 Journalism 14 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Continuous Study 0 0 8 1 0 0 0 0 Dev’t Studies 213 253 Clinical Laboratory Science Degree 6 9 Clinical Laboratory Science Diploma 33 9 Biomedical Science 14 14 Enviromental Science 9 0 Nutrition 35 50 English Course 6 months 7 3 Arabic Course 6 months 4 2 Development Management 107 7 Architecture 26 6 Management 188 86 International relations and political science 6 1 Medicine and nursing 56 6 Community development 24 8 Animal science and agriculture 11 2 Pharmacy 14 2 Diploma IT 120 18 English 73 34 Post gradute Diploma 44 3 Diploma of Accounting 10 16 Diploma English 12 16 Port Management 18 10

Total 1,046 394 1,110 436 1,932 667 2,301 849 4,282 1,782 Source: Universities.

Chart 45A: Students graduating nationwide from universities by Gender 2010-2014

Chart 45B: Students graduating nationwide from universities by specialty 2010-2014

7.2. HEALTH The approximately 3.5 million population of Somaliland is served 2014 by 24 hospitals, 97 health centres, and 162 health posts. The health sector receives large amounts of assistance from international organizations.

7.2.1PUBLIC HEALTH Table 58: Available Health services facilities 2010---2011

Selected Doctors Nurses Midwives X-Ray Beds Laboratory Region Technicians Technologists 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 Awdal 11 17 37 64 13 13 1 1 384 390 2 4 M/Jeeh 47 60 216 269 39 47 2 3 565 571 16 21 Sahil 3 5 10 11 9 9 0 1 258 263 1 1 T/Dheer 15 17 78 83 14 23 1 1 273 282 3 5 Sanaag 4 5 24 27 9 9 0 1 140 142 1 1 Sool 6 6 4 5 5 5 0 1 150 153 1 2 Total 86 110 369 459 89 106 4 8 1770 1801 21 34 Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 46A: Available Health Staff Distribution by Region during 2010-2011

Chart 46B: Available Health Bed Distribution by Region 2010-2011

Table59. Available Health services facilities 2012-2013

Doctors Nurses Midwives X-Ray Laboratory Selected Auxiliary TechniciansTechnologists Region 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 Awdal 52 34 30 150 11 45 98 0 2 3 M/Jeeh 79 37 430 288 26 17 27 193 3 28 22 Sahil 4 7 12 53 1 11 41 0 1 8 T/Dheer 11 20 61 143 5 36 113 1 1 Sanaag 3 6 12 54 4 1 28 68 1 0 1 0 Sool 2 2 37 83 0 37 38 0 3 1 Total 151 106 582 771 31 45 173 551 1 4 35 35 Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 47: Available Health services facilities 2012

Table 60. Available Health services facilities 2014

Region Doctors Nurses Midwives Auxiliary X-Ray Laboratory Technicians Technologists Awdal 33 131 71 113 2 14 M/Jeeh 123 72 185 5 Sahil 8 47 11 46 2 T/Dheer 18 145 34 118 1 12 Sanaag 8 60 12 87 2 6 Sool 5 97 43 Total 72 603 200 592 12 32 Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 48: Available Health services facilities 2014

Table 61: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2010---2011

BCG DPT1-2-3 OPV1-2-3 Measles TT for pregnant TT for non Selected woman* pregnant woman* Region 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 Awdal 6508 9287 6132 8804 6127 8888 4720 6205 6194 11190 4790 9875 M.Jeeh 14665 14554 12024 11064 12136 11086 11464 10415 13157 17625 6819 10301 Sahil 2175 2936 2178 2461 2150 2455 2495 2566 4341 4196 2896 4512 T/Dheer 3198 5377 2342 2792 2365 3045 2931 3807 3231 4469 1115 3516 Sanaag 3319 4798 2176 2764 2181 3016 1938 2637 4063 4419 5765 8920 Sool 2976 4148 8281 3691 8379 3711 5709 2542 8615 6620 7043 9525 Total 32,841 41,100 33,133 31,576 33,338 32,201 29,25 28,172 39,60 48,519 28,428 46,649 Sources: Ministry of Health. 7 1 *1st + 2nd Dose

Chart 49A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2010-2011

Chart 49B: Regional Imm. Routing Data TT for Pregnant & Non-Pregnant women during 2010-2011

Table 62: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2012

2012 Awdal M. Jeex Sahil Togdher Sanag Sool Total EPI: CHILDREN BCG Under 1yr 10,213 17,610 7,223 3,889 7,950 5,027 51,912 Polio-0 Under 1yr 3,637 6,066 1,277 661 2,645 2,671 16,957 OPV1 Under 1yr 18,745 22,171 9,945 10,033 9,589 6,946 77,429 OPV3 Under 1yr 16,580 19,001 8,540 17,381 11,204 6,542 79,248 DPT1 Under 1yr 18,622 21,424 9,872 9,393 9,330 7,469 76,110 DPT3 Under 1yr 16,495 18,383 7,926 7,534 10,518 7,005 67,861 Measles Under 1yr 13,906 18,540 9,639 9,558 8,785 5,326 65,754 EPI: WOMEN Pregnant Women 24,603 29,103 16,877 12,900 16,334 12,562 112,379 TTTT2+ WCBA 14,330 16,813 12,770 5,624 20,569 12,954 83,060 Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 50A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2012

Chart 50B: Regional Immunization Routing Data TT for Pregnant & Non-Pregnant women in 2012

Table63: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2013

EPI: CHILDREN Awdal Marodi Sahil Togdher Sanag Sool Total Jeex

BCG Under 1yr 16,842 19,572 5,119 7,413 5,845 5,299 60,090 Polio-0 Under 1yr 8,244 6,214 2,374 2,628 1,186 2,556 23,202 OPV1 Under 1yr 19,288 25,689 7,364 10,285 5,681 6,581 74,888 OPV3 Under 1yr 17,106 21,755 6,632 8,115 6,240 5,874 65,722 PENTA Under 1yr 19,476 26,030 7,666 10,370 5,296 6,520 75,358 1 PENTA Under 1yr 17,231 21,362 6,881 7,981 6,275 5,762 65,492 3 Measle Under 1yr 12,540 25,825 7,300 6,693 4,077 4,250 60,685 s EPI: WOMEN TT2+ Pregnant Women 25,880 28,555 13,249 14,074 6,996 6,569 95,323 WCBA 13,345 13,677 9,917 6,375 8,532 8,398 60,244 Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 51A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2013

Chart 51B: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2013

Table 64: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2014

Awdal Marodi Sahil Togdher Sanag Sool Total Jeex EPI: CHILDREN BCG Under 1yr 11,587 14,835 6,323 15,781 5,354 3,264 57,144

Polio-0 Under 1yr 8,449 8,931 4,209 7,120 1,863 2,936 33,508 OPV1 Under 1yr 20,283 24,145 8,130 22,306 5,711 5,732 86,307 OPV3 Under 1yr 18,685 20,680 7,902 19,972 5,906 5,190 78,335 DPT1 Under 1yr 20,505 24,008 8,410 21,855 5,604 5,650 86,032 DPT3 Under 1yr 18,679 20,704 7,909 19,535 5,743 5,108 77,678 Measles Under 1yr 15,091 16,727 7,589 16,374 5,121 5,035 65,937 EPI: WOMEN TT2+ Pregnant 25,993 28,539 14,348 34,415 8,645 7,984 119,924 Women WCBA 14,045 9,818 14,060 34,415 9,750 8,636 90,724 Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 52A: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2014

Chart 52B: Regional Immunization Routing Data in 2014

Table 65: TB Case detection in 14 TB Centres in Somaliland during 2012

Pulmonary 3 New pulmonary sputum smear sputum smear microscopy not Pulmonary sputum smear microscopy done / not New extra-

microscopy positive negative available pulmonary

Previously

treated

All cases All

4yrs 4yrs 4yrs

14yrs 14yrs 14yrs

15yrs 15yrs 15yrs

- - -

0 0 0

> > >

5 5 5

After After After

New cases New

failure

Other previously treated treated previously Other

Relaps default

In Transfer TB Centre TOTAL Borama 86 11 0 0 2 21 97 20 12 1 8 19 88 26 391 38

Gabilay 60 9 5 0 1 14 59 7 3 0 1 0 37 11 207 21

Finsoma 80 12 0 0 0 1 31 34 16 8 2 10 68 0 262 20

Harg. TB H 531 55 26 1 23 53 157 193 54 51 14 49 420 65 1692 77

Berbera 48 4 1 0 0 0 33 34 8 1 3 9 23 0 164 19

Burao 222 24 7 0 1 6 171 137 26 1 11 36 224 0 866 32

Buhodle 52 2 3 1 1 0 9 1 0 0 3 3 12 0 87 20

Erigavo 78 4 1 0 0 2 20 5 0 0 3 11 33 3 160 10

Lasanod 59 9 1 0 0 3 65 9 4 2 3 6 38 2 201 13

Odweine 49 1 0 2 0 6 11 0 3 0 0 0 13 0 85 7

B/Gubadle 18 0 0 0 0 4 25 11 3 0 0 0 16 0 77 1

Sheik 84 9 1 0 0 0 3 5 1 0 1 1 3 0 108 5

Badhan 42 0 0 0 0 1 23 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 67 7

Odweine 49 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 7 0 60 0

G/Total 1458 142 45 4 28 111 704 457 131 64 49 144 983 107 4427 270

Sources: Ministry of Health

Table 66: TB Case detection in 10 TB Centres in Somaliland during 2013

Pulmonary 3 New pulmonary sputum smear Pulmonary sputum sputum smear microscopy not smear microscopy microscopy done / not New extra- positive negative available pulmonary

Previously

treated

yrs

4 yrs 4 yrs 4 yrs 4

14 yrs 14 yrs 14 yrs 14

15 yrs 15 yrs 15

- - -

0 0 0

> > >

5 5 5

After After

Newcases failure

TB default

Otherpreviously treated

Relapses

TransferIn centre cases Totalall

Hargeisa 364 58 7 3 0 44 147 261 53 7 6 51 338 62 1401 53

Berbera 23 3 0 0 0 0 18 34 6 2 1 3 20 0 110 14

Borama 86 9 0 0 3 7 73 10 5 0 2 12 66 7 280 57

Finsom 74 8 1 0 0 11 20 34 10 1 1 3 43 1 207 38

Buhoodle 53 2 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 5 14 0 81 20

Buroa 149 12 10 1 0 7 136 112 36 2 9 18 131 0 634 49

El afwayn 48 3 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 57 5

Erigavo 78 8 2 0 0 11 38 14 4 1 2 5 17 7 188 5

Las anod 68 5 1 0 0 12 46 15 0 0 5 9 34 2 197 11

Sheikh 72 6 0 0 0 1 5 3 2 0 0 0 5 1 95 11

Total 1,015 114 21 4 3 93 491 484 116 13 26 106 670 80 3,250 263 Sources: Ministry of Health.

Table 67: TB Case detection in 10 TB Centres in Somaliland during 2014

Pulmonary, Pulmonary, clinically Extra pulmonary, All new and relapse cases bacteriological diagnosed bacteriological (bacteriological confirmed or confirmed confirmed or clinically clinically diagnosed) registered

diagnosed during the quarter by age group

and sex

Male and Female

treated treated

TOTAL All cases All TOTAL

Relapse Relapse Relapse

4 yrs 4 24 yrs 34 yrs

14 14 yrs

- - -

New cases New cases New cases New

> 65 yrs > 65

history unknownhistory unknownhistory unknownhistory

15 25

Previously treated Previously treated Previously

Previous treatment Previoustreatment Previoustreatment Previoustreatment

(excludingrelapse) (excludingrelapse) TB centre (excludingrelapse) Borame 97 5 5 0 150 0 14 6 124 0 3 1 19 19 76 56 126 701

Harirad 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 3 3 1 0 4 2 12 49

Hargeisa 410 48 2 0 685 0 34 29 590 0 18 5 302 105 289 200 454 3171

Gabilay 51 8 3 0 64 2 1 0 28 1 0 0 10 8 35 30 61 302

Bali- 30 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 7 2 11 12 17 132 Gubadle Finisom 80 6 1 0 90 0 0 0 58 0 0 0 69 20 71 27 49 471

Berbera 46 3 1 0 60 8 8 8 27 1 0 0 25 11 20 19 54 291

Sheikh 35 7 0 0 13 2 0 0 5 4 0 0 5 4 11 21 24 131

Burao 187 28 0 0 333 0 14 0 236 0 3 0 71 56 110 88 176 1302

Oodweyne 95 3 0 0 5 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 1 9 42 36 57 288

Buhodle 60 2 3 0 19 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 10 5 27 24 28 203

Erigavo 72 6 0 0 99 1 0 0 22 0 0 0 7 26 54 38 82 407

Celafweyn 77 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 6 22 17 82 214

Lasanod 83 2 0 0 100 3 5 0 62 0 0 0 23 22 48 50 112 510

Hudun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 1334 124 15 0 1653 16 76 43 1248 9 27 9 551 408 820 620 1334 8287 Sources: Ministry of Health.

7.2.2 PRIVATE HEALTH SERVICES Table 68 : Availability of Private Health Services 2011

Selected Name of Doctors Nurses Midwives X-Ray Tech. Beds Lab. Technologists Towns Hospitals Manhal Hosp. 14 9 0 2 83 2 Red Sea Hosp. 1 5 0 0 8 2 Hargeisa Gargaar Hosp. 8 26 4 0 88 10 B.kal-kaal Hosp. 4 2 0 0 15 2 Edna M. Hosp. 5 12 8 0 69 6 Borama Allale Hospital 5 3 2 1 75 4 Amoud F. Hospital 11 21 3 2 100 2 Total 48 78 17 5 448 28 Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 53A: Availability of Private Health Services 2011

Chart 53B: Availablity of private Health Bed Distribution by 2011

Table 69: Availability of Private Health Services 2012

City Hospital name # of # of # of # of X-ray # of # of Lab. TBA Pharma- Doctors Nurses Midwives Technicians Beds technicians cologists Herer 3 2 0 0 10 2 0 0 Hargeisa Gargaar 10 23 9 0 90 10 0 0 Harg. Neuro 3 4 0 0 5 2 0 0 Bukan Kalkaal 1 2 0 0 15 1 0 0 Qudus 4 7 1 1 30 4 0 0 Manhal 16 14 2 1 84 5 0 0 NewHargeisa 9 12 0 0 40 4 0 0

Edna 5 14 14 1 72 5 0 0

Togdheer Manhal 9 15 0 1 40 2 0 0

Al- Hayad 16 26 0 2 70 6 0 3 Borama Alaale 5 3 1 93 3 2 4 Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 54A: Availability of Private Health Services 2012

Chart 54B: Availablity of private Health Bed Distribution by 2012

Table 70: Availability of Private Health Services 2013

City Hospital name Doctors Nurses Midwives X-ray Tech. Beds Lab. Pharma- tech. cologists Herer 3 2 0 0 10 0 Gargaar 8 26 10 2 86 7 5 Kaah 3 4 4 16 3 2 Harg. Neuro 3 4 0 0 5 2 0 B.Kalkaal 1 2 0 0 15 1 0 Hargeisa Qudus 4 7 1 1 30 4 0 Manhal 16 14 2 1 84 5 0 New Hargeisa 7 9 40 5 5 Edna 5 8 14 1 72 4 4 Lama huraan 4 8 30 1 1 Togdheer Manhal 9 15 0 1 40 2 0 Al- Hayad 16 25 5 1 100 6 0 Borama Alaale 5 17 6 1 130 1 1 Erigavo Sanaag 5 40 0 1 0 5 1 Source: Private Health Sector.

Chart 55A: Availability of Private Health Services 2013

Chart 55B: Availablity of private Health Bed Distribution by 2013

Table 71: Availability of Private Health Services 2014

City Hospital # of # of # of # of X-Ray # of # of Laboratory # of name Doctors Nurses Midwives Technications Beds Technologists Pharmacologists Gargaar 9 26 7 2 93 7 2 Kaah 3 4 4 1 14 2 2 Harg. Neuro 2 5 0 1 10 2 2 Hargeisa Manhal 13 10 0 1 66 5 5 New Hargeisa 3 5 0 0 22 2 3 Edna 6 13 17 1 72 5 6 International 23 20 6 2 25 5 6 Al- Hayad 23 25 6 1 150 8 1 Caafi 1 6 4 0 9 1 1 Borama Alaale 4 6 3 1 91 3 2 Manhal 6 9 3 3 64 3 0 Togdheer Daaru Xanaan 4 9 4 1 20 2 0 Erigavo Manhal 1 11 4 2 42 2 2 Source: Private Health Centres.

Chart 56A: Availability of Private Health Services 2014

Chart 56B: Availability of private Health Services 2014

Table 72: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2010-2011

M/jeeh Awdal Sahil Togdheer Sool Sanaag Health facility 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 Public hospitals 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 MCH 24 24 20 20 8 8 14 14 9 9 12 12 Health Posts 30 30 30 30 15 15 30 30 35 35 35 35 Public mental health 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Private hospitals 3 3 2 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 62 62 55 55 26 26 48 48 47 47 50 50 Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 57A: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2010-2011

Chart 57B: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2010-2011

Table 73: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2012

Health facility M/jeeh Awdal Sahil Togdheer Sool Sanaag Total Public hospitals 3 3 2 4 2 2 16 MCH 26 21 8 14 10 12 91 Health Posts 30 30 14 30 30 30 164 Mobile Clinics 2 1 1 1 2 2 9 Public mental health 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 Private hospitals 4 2 0 1 1 1 9 Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 58A: Health facilities (public and private) by region 2012

Chart 58B: Health facilities (MCH and Health posts) by region 2012

Table 74: Number of health facilities (public and private) by region 2013-2914

Awdal M/jeex Sahil Togdher Sanag Sool Health facilities 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 Public Hospital 2 3 5 6 2 3 5 5 3 4 3 3 MCHs 22 23 23 33 11 12 17 20 12 12 12 12 Health Posts 30 32 30 26 11 16 30 32 30 26 30 30 Mobile Clinic 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Public Mental Health 0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 Private Hospitals 1 2 5 8 0 0 3 5 1 1 1 1 Total 56 62 66 77 26 33 57 64 48 45 48 48 Sources: Ministry of Health.

Chart 59A: Health facilities (public and private) by region 2013-2014

Chart 59B: Health facilities (public and private) by region 2013-2014

7.3 JUSTICES

7.3.1 CRIMINAL STATISTICS: Table 75: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2010-2011

Completed cases Pending Cases Total of Civil & Regions Civil Criminal Civil Criminal Criminal Cases 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 M/jeeh 1,430 1,725 774 2,463 445 440 515 270 3,164 4,898 Awdal 361 486 352 358 37 44 27 37 777 925 Sahil 118 255 494 492 13 28 22 22 647 797 T/Dheer 381 557 525 729 48 76 26 118 980 1,480 Sanaag 178 217 177 281 31 31 27 18 413 547 Sool 106 77 17 0 200 Total 2,777 3,281 2,441 4,344 670 869 632 483 6,181 8,647 Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Chart 60: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2010-2011

Table 76: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2012

cases Civil Criminal cases continued cases completed Regions registered Cases Cases Years 2012 2012 2012 2012 Civil Criminal 2012 Civil Criminal M/jeh 1,441 479 962 397 205 192 1,056 286 770 Sahil 583 135 428 38 22 16 595 113 482 Togdheer 1,083 588 495 186 146 40 967 514 486 Sanaag 302 143 159 54 29 25 146 51 95 Awdal 999 659 340 142 84 58 857 575 282 Total 4,408 2004 2384 817 486 331 3621 1539 2115 Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Chart 61A: Civil & Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2012

Chart 61B: Civil & Criminal Statistics Cases in Somaliland during 2012 (Continued and Completed)

Table 77: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2013

cases Civil Criminal cases continued Regions cases completed registered Cases Cases Years 2013 2013 2013 2013 Civil Criminal 2013 Civil Criminal M/jeh 5860 2872 2988 760 555 205 5100 2313 2785 Sahil 678 339 349 129 67 62 562 75 287 Togdheer 1398 894 604 101 85 16 1297 709 588 Sool 739 339 400 132 84 47 593 241 352 Sanaag 292 155 137 123 56 57 169 96 73 Awdal 1020 420 600 126 50 76 630 106 524 Total 9,987 5,019 5,078 1,371 897 463 8351 3,540 4,609 Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Chart 62A: Civil & Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2013

Chart 62B: Civil & Criminal Statistics Cases in Somaliland during 2013 (Continued and Completed)

Table 78: Criminal and Civil Statistics in Somaliland during 2014

Regions cases registered CivilCases Criminal Cases cases continued cases completed Years 2014 2014 2014 2014 Civil Criminal 2014 Civil Criminal M/jeh 5838 2945 2893 1025 805 220 4891 2203 2688 Sahil 674 340 334 91 55 36 574 299 275 Togdheer 1566 659 907 286 168 118 1300 719 581 Sool 765 354 411 118 72 46 548 182 366 Sanaag 543 311 252 174 109 66 447 208 194 Awdal 1472 1151 295 114 88 27 1358 1089 269 Total 10858 5760 5092 1808 1297 513 9118 4700 4373 Source: Supreme Court of Somaliland

Chart 63A: Civil & Criminal Statistics in Somaliland during 2014

Chart 63B: Cases Continued and Completed Cases in Somaliland during 2014

Table 79: Yearly statistics on Legal aid Providers 2013-2014

Name of Legal aid Total number of Criminal Total number of Civil Total Number of Provider Cases cases Cases Year 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 SOLLA 1433 0 356 0 1789 0 SWLA 1369 108 257 216 1626 324 HARGEISA 284 176 267 250 551 426 AMOUD LEGAL CLINIC 428 349 180 186 608 535 TOTAL 3514 633 1060 652 4574 1285 Source: Ministry of justice

Chart 64: Yearly statistics on Legal aid Providers 2013

Table 80: Registered Notaries in Somaliland by Region 2013 -2014

Number of Registered Notaries in Somaliland Regions 2013 2014 M/jeex 49 70 Saxil 2 4 Sool 1 2 Sanaag N/A 2 Togdheer 20 21 Awdal 9 13 Total 81 112 Source: Ministry of justice

Chart 65: Registered Notaries in Somaliland by Region 2013-2014

7.3.3 VEHICLE ACCIDENTS Table 81: Vehicle Accidents during 2010-2014

Year vehicle accidents vehicle deaths vehicle accident injuries Asset crushed

2010 1680 162 1225 901 2011 2199 152 1546 1595

2012 2191 156 1658 1469 2013 2385 155 1733 1596 2014 2687 130 2096 1789 Sources: Police Commander in Chief of Somaliland

Chart 66: Vehicle Accidents in Somaliland during 2010-2014

7.4 WATER

7.4.1 AVAILABLE WATER FACILITIES Table 82: Number of Available Water Facilities by Region 2013-2014

M.Jeex Awdal Sanaag Sool Sahil Togdheer 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 201 2014 Rehabilitation of boreholes 10 5 6 4 8 4 2 6 3 3 2 5 4 Drilling of new boreholes 14 6 5 5 4 6 3 7 4 3 8 4 Shallow Wells 60 25 34 20 27 14 18 12 15 8 10 6 Communal Dams(Ballys) 10 10 8 7 2 5 3 8 7 2 4 7 Springs 15 3 13 4 17 3 12 2 10 4 8 2 Sub surface dams 16 7 10 5 8 1 4 3 3 4 16 1 Water system 18 40 8 36 10 28 12 15 7 27 8 18 Source: Ministry of Water.

Chart 67: Number of Available Water Facilities by Region 2013-2014

Table 83: Number of Available Water Facilities during 2011-2014

Years shallow wells boreholes Dams Berkad water Kiosks 2011 48 123 32 318 80 2012 78 133 42 378 120 2013 164 72 91 - - 2014 2500 174 60 23000 - Source: Ministry of Water.

Chart 68: Number of Available Water Facilities 2011-2014

7.4.2 STATUS OF BOREHOLES Table84: Boreholes and their Functional Status during 2010-2014

Regions Functioning Not Functioning 2010 2011 2013 2014 2010 2011 2013 2014 Maroodi Jeex 36 36 62 22 19 29 22 2 Awdal 19 19 23 18 15 16 9 3 Sanaag 17 17 12 57 13 13 18 4 Togdheer 24 24 63 26 17 25 20 3 Sahil 10 13 10 12 8 5 3 2 Sool 11 14 11 15 9 6 6 2 Total 117 123 72 150 81 97 78 16 Source: Ministry of Water. N.B: 2012 the data is not available in the Ministry of Water

Chart 69: Functioning and Not Functioning Boreholes in Somaliland during 2010-2014

7.5 TOURISM 7.5.1 HOTELS Table 85: All Hotels in main towns by Staffs, Rooms, Beds in 2013-2014

Cities Hargeisa Borama Gabiley Berbera Buroa Erigavo Years 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 2013 2014 Hotels 47 48 11 9 6 18 16 13 26 27 13 6 No. Rooms 1206 1159 247 199 77 586 407 442 272 332 272 120 No. beds 1357 1548 405 248 84 895 579 620 352 361 463 102 No. Staff 835 956 149 153 9 117 70 133 101 107 45 16 Sources: Hotels.

Table 86: Number of Available Media In Somaliland 2012

Number of TV station Number of Website Registered Number of Journal Registered Public Private Public Private Public Private 1 13 4 0 2 47 Sources: Ministry of Information.

Table 87: Number of Available Media In Somaliland 2014

Number of TV station Number of Website Registered Number of Journal Registered Public Private Public Private Public Private 1 11 4 - 2 50 Sources: Ministry of Information.

Table88: Registered Holly Places (Mosques) for Islamic People 2012-2014

Number of mosques Region name 2012 2013 2014 M/jeh 530 688 800 Togdheer 195 323 350 Awdal 130 135 142 Sanaag 112 168 180 Sool 108 134 150 Sahil 53 62 70 Gabilay 69 110 122 Hawd 21 30 30 Daad Madheedh 33 34 40 Buhoodle 58 57 68 Saraar 35 43 48 Badhan 70 79 85 Selel 20 28 30 Total 1434 1891 2115 Source: ministry of endowment

Table 89: Exchange Rate of $1 into Somaliland Shillings SH. (Sh.Sl)

Year Selling Buying 2008 6,094 6,168 2009 6,692 6,749 2010 6,595 6,647 2011 5,628 5,738 2012 6,354 6,464 2013 6,383 6,711 2014 6,841 7,129 Source: MNP&D (Depart. Of Statistics)

Chart 70: Exchange rate of $1 into Somaliland shillings SH.