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Bioloģija Biology LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTES RAKSTI ACTA UNIVERSITATIS LATVIENSIS m Bioloģija Biology 723 LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTES RAKSTI B l VII loloģijo ACTA UNIVERSITATIS LATVIENSIS wmm m ACĪA UNIVERSITATIS LATVIENSIS wmĒ m UNIVERSITYOF LATVIA LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTES RAKSTI V VII Bioloģija LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTE UDK 57(082) Bi 664 Latvijas Universitātes Rakstu Bioloģijas sērijas redkolēģija Ģ. Ieviņš - Latvijas Universitāte (galvenais redaktors) J.I. Aivars - Latvijas Universitāte G. Brūmelis - Latvijas Universitāte L Liepa - Latvijas Lauksaimniecības Universitāte I. Muižnieks - Latvijas Universitāte F.. Padu - Tartu Universitāte ī. Rašals - Latvijas Universitāte K. Sasnauskas - Viļņas Biotehnoloģijas institūts V. Spuņģis - Latvijas L'niversitāte Angļu valodas literārais redaktors G. Brūmelis Visi krājumā ievietotie zinātniskie raksti ir recenzēti Pārpublicēšanas gadījumā nepieciešama Latvijas Universitātes atļauja (atejot atsauce uz izdevumu obligāta Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Latviensis, ser. Biology Ci. Ievinsh - Universitv of Latvia (Editor-in-Ghief) f.I. Aivars - University of Latvia CL Brūmelis - Universitv of Latvia I. Liepa - Latvian Agricultural Universitv I. Muižnieks - Untversity of Latvia R. Padu - Universitv ot Tartu I. Rashal - Universitv of Latvia K. Sasnauskas - Vilnius Biotechnologv Institute V. Spuņģis - Universitv of Latvia English language Editor G. Brūmelis All the scientiiic papērs published in the present votumu liave been rewicved No part tīt the volume may be reproduced in anv torm withoi.it the written permissiun ot the publisher © Latvijas Universitāte, 2007 ISSN 1407-2157 ISBN 978-9984-802-91-6 Contents Pokryszko B.M., MaltzT.K. Rare and endangered terrestrial gastropods of Lovver Silesia (SW. Poland) - current status and perspectives 7 Shvinka N. Investigation of ion selectivity in membranes of musde celis 21 Burbulis N., Kupriene R., Liakas V. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in immature zvgotic embrvos of Brassica napus 27 Pupins M. First report on recording of the invasive species Trachemys scripta elegans, a potential competitor of Emys orbicularis in Latvia 37 Pupiņa A., Pupins M. A new Bombina bombina L population "Demene" in Latvia, Daugavpils District 47 Čeirāns A. Distribution and habitats of the Sand Lizard {Lacerta agilis) in Latvia 53 Čeirāns A. Zooplankton indicators of trophv in Latvian lakes 61 Keišs 0., Granāts J., Mednis A. Estimated population dvnamics of the Corncrake Crexcrex in Latvia and Europe in the 20"' centurv by ringing data analvsis 71 LabuzT.A. Evaluation of past and present sea holly {Eryngium maritimum) habitats on Polish coastal dunēs 99 Ņečajeva J., Ievinsh G. Interacting influence of cold stratifkation treatment and osmotic potential on seed germination of Triglochin maritima L. 115 Mihailova M., Sominskaya I., Viazov S., Pumpens P. Is vaccine against HCV possible? 123 Samsone I., Andersone U., Vikmanc M., Ieviņa B., Pakarna G., Ievinsh G. Nondestructive methods in plant biology: an accurate measurement of chlorophyll content by a chlorophyl meter 145 Megre D., Kondratovičs U., Dokāne K. Simultaneous graft union and adventitious root formation during vegetative propagation in elepidote rhododendrons 155 Elferts D. Scots pine pointer-years in northvvestern Latvia and their relationship with climatic factors 163 Sešķēna R., Jankevica L. Influence of chemical preservatives on the quality and composition indices of raw milk samples 171 Čakstiņa I., Riekstiņa U., Muceniece R., Ancāns J. Isolation, characterization and analysis of TGFļi gene expression in adipose-derived precursor celis cultured in different grovvth media 181 Acta Universitatis Latviensis, 2007, Vol. 723, Biolog); pp. 7-20 Rare and endangered terrestrial gastropods of Lovver Silesia (SW. Poland) - current status and perspectives Beata M. Pokryszko*,Tomasz K. Maltz Museum of Natūrai Historv, VVroctavv Universitv, Sienkīewic/.a 21, 50-335 \Vrochuv, Poland 'Corrcsponding author, F-mail: [email protected] Abstract Ific terrestrial malacofauna of Poland includes 177 species, 18 ot vvhich are introduced. Ihe distribution borders of quite manvof them cross Poland,and the highest concentration of such borders (41 species) is found in Lower Silesia (Silesian I.owland plus Sudetes). Ihe area is under hcavy human impact, hence there is a neēd to protect, and particularlv to srudy the land mollusc species that are locallv or globally important froma conservation viewpoint:Discusperspectivus (Megerle von Mūhlfeld, 1818), Eucobresia diaphana (Draparnaud, 1805), E. nivalis (Dumont et Mortillet, 1852), Semilimax kotulai (Vv'estcrlund, 1883),S. semi/imu.v (Fērussac, 1802), Aegopinelia epipedostoma (Fagot, 1879), Tandoniu rustica (Mīliet, 1843), Lehmanma macroflagellata Grossu et Lupu, 1962, Bielzia cuerulans (M. Bielz, 1851), Deroceras praecox VViktor, 1966, Cochlodina costata (C. Pfeiffer, 1828), Charpentieria amata (Rossmāssler, 1836), Macrogastra badia (C. Pfeiffer, 1828), Clausilia parvula (Ferussac, 1807), Baku perversa (Linnaeus, 1758), Helicodonta obvoluta (O.F. Mūller, 1774), Helkigona lapicida (Linnaeus, 1758) and Causa holosericum (Studer, 1820). For each of these species wc present current data on local and European distribution, habitat prefcrences, conservation status and the statc of knovvledge of life histories. We also delineate the directions of turu re studies and neccssarv conservation actions. Key vvords: conservation, Lower Silesia, Poland, terrestrial malacofauna. Introduction In recent years the decline in the number and abundance of populations of many Luropean gastropod species has become especiaily dramatic, even in spite of launching seeminglv sensible and vvell-planned protection programmēs in many countries. One of the reasons for this, apart from continuing human interference, is that in many cases threat factors have not been identified. The protection measures taken seem to be targeted at individual species rather than at malacocoenoses of vvhich they form a part, which is due to the stili very seanrv knowledge of gastropod communities. In this context, it has become crucial to: (1) studv all the various aspects of life histories of endangered species in order to identify critical stages in their life cvcles, and (2) identifv the respective malacocoenoses to protect vvhole gastropod communities and to use them as indicators of potentially adequate conditions vvhen re-introduction ot a species becomes necessary. Belovv we discuss the status, perspectives and knowledge of thr ecology and life historv ot 18 rare and/or endangered species (see also Tables 1 and 2) of Lower Silesia, a region 8 B.M. Pokrvszko, T.K. Maltz vvhich due to its specihc character favours their survival. Although our paper is entirelv based on literature information, many of the publications we cite (Maltz 1999; 2003a; 2003b; 2003c; Cameron, Pokrvszko 2004; Pokrvszko, Cameron 2005; Pokrvszko et al. 2005; Cameron, Pokrvszko 2006; Maltz 2006; Maltz, Pokryszko 2006) contain the results of our recent studies regardfng the composition of malacocoenoses of vvhich the endangered species form a part, or various aspects of life histories of such species. Species accounts Discus perspcctivus (Megerle von Mūhlfeld, 1818; Fig. 1A, 2) is a Carpathian-Dinaric-East Alpine species vvith a disjunct distribution. In Poland, apart from the eastern part of the Carpathians and their foothills, it is found in a fevv isolated localities in the Sudetes. It is a forest-dvveller closely associated vvith rotting timber (Kužnik-Kovvalska 2005). Apart trom habitat destruction (clear-feLling),the main threat is intensive forest management (removal of dead timber). Its life cycle has been studied both in the field and in the laboratorv, vvhich has made it possible to identify the main threat factor (Kužnik-Kovvalska 2005). One of the Lovver Silesian localities, the Muszkovvicki Las Bukovvv Nature Reserve, supports the highest population densities (Kužnik-Kovvalska 2005), and the composition of the associated malacocoenosis there has been thoroughly studied (Wiktor 1972; Pokryszko, Cameron 2005; Pokryszko, Cameron unpublished data). Eucobresia diaphana (Draparnaud, 1805; Fig.2) is an Alpine-Central European montane species, in Poland practically limited to Lovver Silesia (Umihski 1983; Wiktor 2004). It prefers humid places, vvith mainlv herbaceous vegetation close to streams. Reasons for it being endangered are unclear, but its populations seem to have declined in recent years. Its life historv has been studied in the field onlv, theretore only population dynamics are knovvn (Umihski 1975, 1983). The composition of its associated malacocoenosis has been studied in five Lovver Silesian sites (Pokrvszko 1984; Maltz 1999; Pokryszko et al. 2004; Pokrvszko, Cameron 2005; Pokryszko, Cameron unpublished data); four of its localities in Lovver Silesia are nature reserves in vvhich it does not seem to be endangered. Eucobresia nivalis (Dumont et Mortillet, 1852; Fig. 2) is an Alpine-Carpathian species of disjunct and incompletelv studied distribution; in Poland it is found in the Carpathians and a part of the Sudetes. Although in the Alps it reaches up to 3,100 m a.s.l., in the Polish part of its range it is usuallv found belovv the timberline vvhere it prefers humid places in forests and remains in leaf litter or under stones. In Lovver Silesia it seems to be rare; reasons for the decline of some of its populations are not clear. Because its life history has been studied in the field onlv, only population dynamics are knovvn (Umihski 1979, 1983);
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