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REPUBLIC of SUDAN Sudan National Drought Plan

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REPUBLIC of SUDAN Sudan National Drought Plan National Council for Combating Desertification REPUBLIC OF SUDAN National Council for Combating Desertification (NCCD) Sudan National Drought Plan 21 Nov. 2018 0 National Council for Combating Desertification Abbreviation AfDB African Development Bank ARC Agricultural Research Corporation AREP Agricultural Revival Executive Programme ARRC Animal Resources Research Corporation BD Biodiversity GEF Focal Area BRICKS Building Resilience through Innovation, Communication and Knowledge Services project CAHWs Community Animal Health Workers CBO Community Based Organisation FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation (United Nations) GIS Geographical Information Systems HCENR Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources HAC Humanitarian Affairs Commission HVC Hazards, Vulnerabilities and Capacities ICPAC IGAD Climate Predication and Application Centre IP Indigenous People IEM Integrated Ecosystem Management INRM Integrated Natural Resources Management IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management IGAD Intergovernmental Authority for Development IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change I-PRSP Interim Poverty Reduction strategy Paper ISN Interim Strategy Note ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross IDNDR International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction IDA International Development Association IFRCS International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IMF International Monetary Fund IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature IUCN-EARO International Union for Conservation of Nature, Eastern Africa Regional Office LDC Least Developed Country LDN Land Degradation Neutrality MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry MAR Ministry of Animal Resources MCIT Ministry of Communications and Information Technology MD Ministry of Defence ME Ministry of Education i National Council for Combating Desertification MFGC Ministry of Federal Governance Chamber MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MH Ministry of Health MHES Ministry of Higher Education and Science MI Ministry of Interior MIWRE Ministry of Irrigation, Water Resources and Electricity MSSD Ministry of Solidarity and Social Development NAP National Action Plan NAPA National Adaptation Plan of Action NCCD National Council for Combating Desertification NDMC National Drought Mitigation Centre NEPAD New Partnership for Africa’s Development NGO Non-governmental Organisation NIC National Interim Constitution OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (United Nations) PPP Public Private Partnership RRC Relief and Rehabilitation Commission SADC Southern African Development Community SAP Structural Adjustment Programme(s) SMA Sudan Meteorology Authority UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNCBD United Nations Convention on Biodiversity UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNDRO United Nations Disaster Relief Office UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNISDR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction USAID United States Agency for International Development WB World Bank WCDR World Conference on Disaster Reduction (17-24 January 2005, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan) WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organisation WMO World Meteorological Organisation ii National Council for Combating Desertification Map of Sudan - Land cover map of the Sudan1 1 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry and FAO Project OSRO/SUD/620/MUL “Land Cover Atlas of Sudan” 2012 - http://www.fao.org/3/a-be896e.pdf iii National Council for Combating Desertification Table of contents Abbreviation .......................................................................................................................................... i Map of Sudan - Land cover map of the Sudan ............................................................................................ iii Table of contents ............................................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... vii 1. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................... 9 Sudan context for drought and desertification: .................................................................................... 9 Understanding Drought: Meteorological, Agricultural, Hydrological and Socioeconomic Drought 10 Drought Definitions and types ........................................................................................................... 10 Classification of Drought: .................................................................................................................. 11 Purpose: ......................................................................................................................................... 13 Scope:............................................................................................................................................. 13 Plan Development: ............................................................................................................................. 14 Introduction of the 10-Step process.................................................................................................... 14 Policies: .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Laws: .................................................................................................................................................. 15 National Drought Plan Task Force ..................................................................................................... 17 Appointment of National Drought Plan Task Force (NDPTF) ...................................................... 17 NDP Main Objective .......................................................................................................................... 18 NDP key tasks: .................................................................................................................................. 18 Importance of National Drought Plan ................................................................................................ 19 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PLANS AND POLICIES ................................................................. 19 National water laws, existing drought mitigation strategies and planning issues .............................. 19 2. OVERVIEW OF DROUGHT IN THE COUNTRY ............................................................................ 22 Historical Occurrences ....................................................................................................................... 22 Drought Impacts: By sectors .............................................................................................................. 25 Impacts of drought on biodiversity .................................................................................................... 25 Impacts on Natural Resources ............................................................................................................ 26 Drought impact on crop and livestock production ............................................................................. 29 Geographical Extent of Drought and Desertification in Sudan .......................................................... 31 The Sudan National Action Programme to Combat Desertification (SNAP), 2018: ......................... 32 3. Organization and Assignment of Responsibilities ................................................................................ 33 Assignment of Responsibilities .......................................................................................................... 33 iv National Council for Combating Desertification National Civil Defence Council ......................................................................................................... 33 Other mandates of NCDC include: ................................................................................................ 34 The National Council for Combating Desertification (NCCD) ......................................................... 35 Key Stakeholders and Partners in the National Drought Plan Processes ........................................... 36 Explanation of operating environment ............................................................................................... 36 Technical capacities of the some partner institutions ................................................................................. 38 4. DROUGHT MONITORING, FORECASTING, AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............................. 39 Drought Indices .................................................................................................................................. 39 Current Monitoring, Forecasting and Data Collection ..................................................................... 39 Implement Drought Monitoring and Early Warning Systems .................................................................... 40 Drought Indices: ................................................................................................................................. 41 Proposed
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