DOCSLIB.ORG

EJÉRCITO DE TIERRA ESPAÑOL NÚMERO 957 DICIEMBRE 2020 - AÑO LXXXI Diciembre 2020 • AÑO LXXXI • NÚM

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EJÉRCITO DE TIERRA ESPAÑOL NÚMERO 957 DICIEMBRE 2020 - AÑO LXXXI Diciembre 2020 • AÑO LXXXI • NÚM EJÉRCITO núm. 957 núm. 2020 - año LXXXI La Sanidad Militar: apuntes históricos DICIEMBRE Escudo de primavera: innovaciones turcas en la ofensiva de Idlib EJÉRCITO EJÉRCITO Memes y bulos, armas de persuasión masiva REVISTA DEL EJÉRCITO DE TIERRA ESPAÑOL NÚMERO 957 DICIEMBRE 2020 - AÑO LXXXI Diciembre 2020 • AÑO LXXXI • NÚM. 957 Evacuación sanitaria en helicóptero Índice EDITA: EDITORIAL Leopoldo Herrero Nivela. General de brigada de Artillería DEM 4 DIRECCIÓN ARTÍCULOS Director General de brigada Leopoldo HERRERO NIVELA Subdirector de Asistencia Técnica de JCISAT DEL BIG AL SMALL. LA IMPORTANCIA DE LO PEQUEÑO EN UN MUNDO GRANDE David Cuesta Vallina. Teniente coronel de Infantería DEM Subdirector 6 Coronel Manuel Salvador HERRÁIZ MARTÍNEZ Jefe de Redacción Coronel Carlos TEJEDA FERNÁNDEZ CONSEJO DE REDACCIÓN Coroneles ¿DIRIGIR O CONTROLAR? ESTILOS DE MANDO DURANTE LA HISTORIA Torres Santo Domingo, Padilla Velázquez-Gaztelu, José Luis Gómez Blanes. Teniente coronel de Infantería Losilla Ortega, Batuecas López, 14 Rico Sánchez, Baeza López, Bordonado y Urrutia, Lunar Bravo, Aguilar Rubio, Merino Merino, Betolaza Méndez y Gómez Reyes Tenientes coroneles Negrón Carreño, Armesto González-Rosón AL SHABAB y Huerta Ovejero Carlos Igualada Tolosa. Director Observatorio Internacional de Estudios sobre Terrorismo Comandante 24 Pascual Mayandía Capitán López Andrés Suboficial mayor Simarro Pi ESCUDO DE PRIMAVERA: INNOVACIONES TURCAS EN LA OFENSIVA DE IDLIB Documentación Emilia Antúnez Monterrubio Jesús Manuel Pérez Triana. Licenciado en Sociología y Analista de Seguridad y Defensa 30 Ofimática y Maquetación Ricardo Aguado Martínez Vanesa García Sanz Ana María González Perdones NUESTRAS INSERCIONES Luis Fabra Andrés Mª Eugenia Lamarca Montes Eugenio Salmerón Martínez NOVEDADES EDITORIALES DEL MINISTERIO DE DEFENSA 23 Imprime NORMAS DE COLABORACIÓN 36 Ministerio de Defensa NIPO: 083-15-005-2 (edición en papel) BOLETÍN DE SUSCRIPCIÓN 56 NIPO: 083-15-004-7 (edición en línea) Depósito Legal: M-1633-1958 ISSN: 1696-7178 (edición papel) APP Y WEB DEFENSA 57 ISSN: 2530-2035 (edición digital) RINCÓN DEL MUSEO DEL EJÉRCITO 65 Fotografía MDEF, DECET PUBLICACIONES DEL EJÉRCITO DE TIERRA 71 Catálogo General de Publicaciones Oficiales https://cpage.mpr.gob.es INTERIOR DE CONTRAPORTADA: «Espíritu del Credo Legionario - Espíritu de La Muerte» 107 Catálogo de Publicaciones de Defensa https://publicaciones.defensa.gob.es PUBLICIDAD: DIAPER, 13 Suscripción y venta: calle del Factor n.º 12 - 4.ª planta, 28013 MADRID Tfno.: 915160485 [email protected] Suscripción anual: España 12,02 euros; Europa: 18,03 euros; resto del mundo: 24,04 euros. Precio unidad: 2,40 euros. (IVA y gastos de envío incluidos) SECCIONES HACIA UN EMPLEO OPERACIONAL DE LAS ARMAS NO LETALES OBSERVATORIO INTERNACIONAL Víctor Pujol de Lara. Coronel de Infantería DEM 38 Inestabilidad en la periferia de Rusia Alberto Pérez Moreno Coronel de Infantería DEM retirado Afganistán sigue siendo un país en guerra Carlos Echeverría Jesús MEMES Y BULOS, ARMAS DE PERSUASIÓN MASIVA Profesor de Relaciones Internacionales Raúl Suevos Barrero. Coronel de Infantería retirado 44 de la UNED 92 COVID-19: EL RINOCERONTE GRIS QUE NOS EMBISTIÓ Clara Chirino. Analista de Información 50 PENSADORES ESTRATÉGICOS David Galula y la contrainsurgencia Ángel José Adán García Coronel de Artillería DEM 96 TRES CENTENARIOS DE NUESTRO EJÉRCITO SIN CELEBRACIÓN Francisco Pérez Calero. Subteniente de Infantería 58 INNOVACIÓN Y TECNOLOGÍA Recarga autónoma de drones La siesta es de manual LA SANIDAD MILITAR: APUNTES HISTÓRICOS Ricardo Illán Romero Antonio-Ramón Barrera Serrano. Licenciado en Derecho 66 Teniente coronel de Infantería 98 LA REVUELTA DEL MAHDI (SUDÁN): FANATISMO RELIGIOSO Y AVANCE TECNOLÓGICO FILMOTECA Luís Antonio González Francisco. Cabo 1º Guardia Civil 72 Greyhound 5 sangres José Manuel Fernández López Ejército de Tierra 100 DECEPCIÓN EN NORMANDÍA Jesús Martínez de Merlo. Coronel de Caballería DEM retirado 78 INFORMACIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA 102 SUMARIO INTERNACIONAL 104 DEL REGIMIENTO PRÍNCIPE A PILARES DE LA LEGIÓN Antonio García Moya. Teniente de Infantería 86 APUNTES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA 106 Revista fundada el 30 de septiembre de 1939, siendo continuación de la revista La Ilustración Militar fundada en 1880, el semanario El Mundo Militar fundado en 1859 y el periódico La Gaceta Militar fundado en 1857. La revista Ejército es la publicación profesional militar del Ejército de Tierra. Tiene como finalidad facilitar el intercambio de ideas sobre temas militares y contribuir a la actualización de conocimientos y a la cultura de defensa. Está abierta a cuantas personas sientan inquietud por los temas militares. Los trabajos publicados representan, únicamente, la opinión personal de los autores sin que la revista Ejército, ni ningún organismo oficial, compartan necesariamente las tesis o criterios expuestos. EDITORIAL Leopoldo Herrero Nivela | General de brigada | Director de la Revista Ejército No hay mejores soldados que los que se trasplantan desde la tierra de los estudios a los campos de guerra; y ninguno salió de estudiante para soldado que no lo fuese por extremo; porque cuando se avienen las fuerzas con el ingenio y el ingenio con las fuerzas hacen un componente milagroso en quien Marte se alegra, la paz se sustenta y la nación se engrandece Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, soldado de los Tercios españoles niciábamos el año 2020 con el hombres que entonces tenían en horizonte puesto en la ilusión de sus manos las palancas del man- Icelebrar dos aniversarios, el octo- do y representaban los altos va- gésimo de la aparición de la revista, lores militares de España; creada en su actual formato, y el cuadragé- para difundir los conocimientos de simo de sus premios. No imaginá- la técnica militar, sin desdeñar las bamos entonces, ni tan siquiera en grandes cuestiones generales ex- nuestros peores sueños, que dos trañas a dicha técnica que afectan meses después íbamos a sufrir esta profundamente a la vida de la Na- pandemia, que nos está afectando ción y con vibración inmediata al de lleno al poner al límite la resis- Ejército; con predilección por los tencia de nuestra Nación, y que nos asuntos del espíritu y del arte siem- está obligando a cambiar reglas y pre escondidos en los más bellos procedimientos, hábitos y costum- rasgos morales del combatiente; bres. con la misión especulativa relacio- nada con el estudio y la investiga- ra febrero de 1940, la revista ción; y animando y asesorando a veía la luz por primera vez al los futuros articulistas a elegir un Eprecio de tres pesetas para tema, el que más haya herido su los militares o de un duro para el espíritu, meditar sobre él a fondo, público en general. Arrancaba ese enterarse hasta la saturación de lo primer número con artículos tales que otros han dicho, apurarle en el como «Bases de la Defensa Na- estudio, y, al fin, concretar las ideas cional» del general Aranda, «La en una exposición atractiva, clara y Caballería en la batalla futura» del metódica, que ya es obligado dar a general Valiño, «El Mediterráneo en la publicidad. la guerra futura» del general Kin- delán o la «Psicotecnia y selección n definitiva, para hablar de cul- profesional castrense» del Dr. Va- tura militar, que abarca desde llejo Nájera, y entre estos artículos Ela humilde actividad inteligen- el entonces director de la revista te hasta las funciones derivadas del saludaba a los nuevos lectores con pensar científico, de la moralidad, la intención de presentarla como de la Historia y de la creación artís- fruto de un afán de cultura de los tica. 4 / Revista Ejército nº 957 • diciembre 2020 REVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITO- REVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITO- REVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTAemos EJÉRCITOREVISTA pues, queEJÉRCITOREVISTA transcu EJÉRCITOREVISTA- EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTArridos estos EJÉRCITOREVISTA ochenta EJÉRCITOREVISTA años, EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITO- REVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTAVdichos EJÉRCITOREVISTA propósitos EJÉRCITOREVISTA siguen vi- EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA gentes y se hallan fuertemente en- EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA EJÉRCITOREVISTA
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Turkey's Approach to Proxy War in the Middle East and North Africa
    https://securityandefence.pl/ Turkey’s approach to proxy war in the Middle East and North Africa Engin Yüksel [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-6059 Conflict Research Unit, Clingendael Institute, Clingendael 7, 2597 VH Den Haag, Netherlands Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University, Rapenburg 70, 2311 EZ Leiden, Netherlands Abstract The last decade has seen a growing trend towards the use of proxies in the Middle East and North Africa following the outbreak of the Arab Spring. In this context, the issue of Turkey’s approach to proxy war in these regions has received considerable atten- tion since 2016. Thereby, the purpose of this article is to investigate the essential characteristics of Turkish proxy war strategy in Syria and Libya. As such, this study intends to trace the development of Turkish proxy war strategy by making use of the con- ceptual frameworks proposed by Groh (2019), O’Brien (2012) and Art (1998). The most obvious finding to emerge from the analysis is that Turkey changed its indirect intervention strategy from donated assistance to proxy warfare in Syria and Libya when it saw a greater need to influence the result of the conflicts. In the case of Syria, this study has shown that the control- through-centralisation approach towards the Armed Syrian Opposition has enabled Turkey to carry out an effective proxy war strategy from 2016 onwards. In Libya, the results of this investigation have shown that theTurkish Army has pursued a proxy war strategy since Ankara and the Government of National Accord (GNA) signed an agreement on security and military coop- eration in December 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Moscow Summit: Will the Ceasefire Hold in Idlib?
    Situation Assessement | 10 March 2020 Moscow Summit: Will the Ceasefire Hold in Idlib? Unit for Political Studies Moscow Summit? Series: Situation Assessement 10 March 2020 Unit for Political Studies The Unit for Political Studies is the Center’s department dedicated to the study of the region’s most pressing current affairs. An integral and vital part of the ACRPS’ activities, it offers academically rigorous analysis on issues that are relevant and useful to the public, academics and policy-makers of the Arab region and beyond. The Unit for Political Studie draws on the collaborative efforts of a number of scholars based within and outside the ACRPS. It produces three of the Center’s publication series: Assessment Report, Policy Analysis, and Case Analysis reports. Copyright © 2020 Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies. All Rights Reserved. The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies is an independent research institute and think tank for the study of history and social sciences, with particular emphasis on the applied social sciences. The Center’s paramount concern is the advancement of Arab societies and states, their cooperation with one another and issues concerning the Arab nation in general. To that end, it seeks to examine and diagnose the situation in the Arab world - states and communities- to analyze social, economic and cultural policies and to provide political analysis, from an Arab perspective. The Center publishes in both Arabic and English in order to make its work accessible to both Arab and non- Arab researchers. The Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies Al-Tarfa Street, Wadi Al Banat Al-Dayaen, Qatar PO Box 10277, Doha +974 4035 4111 www.dohainstitute.org Moscow Summit? Series: Situation Assessement Table of Contents 10 March 2020 Terms of the Agreement .
    [Show full text]
  • Syria Regional Program Ii Final Report
    SYRIA REGIONAL PROGRAM II FINAL REPORT November 2, 2020 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. SYRIA REGIONAL PROGRAM II FINAL REPORT Contract No. AID-OAA-I-14-00006, Task Order No. AID-OAA-TO-15-00036 Cover photo: Raqqa’s Al Naeem Square after rehabilitation by an SRP II grantee. (Credit: SRP II grantee) DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................................ iv Executive Summary and Program Overview ..................................................... 1 Program Overview ......................................................................................................................... 1 I. Country Context ................................................................................................. 3 A. The Regime’s Reconquest of Western Syria with Russian and Iranian Support ........ 3 B. The Territorial Defeat of ISIS in Eastern Syria ................................................................... 5 C. Prospects for the Future ......................................................................................................... 7 II. Program Operations ......................................................................................... 8 A. Operational
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Notes July 2021
    THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY JULY 2021 POLICY NOTES NO. 108 Deals, Drones, and National Will The New Era in Turkish Power Projection Rich Outzen he Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) attracted much attention in 2020 for its devastating employment of unmanned aerial vehicles during combat in TSyria, Libya, and the Caucasus. UAVs (drones) were just one dimension of Turkish regional interventions, but they were particularly potent symbols in an age of ubiquitous cameras and Internet connections.1 A number of analysts have assessed the tactical and operational impact of Turkish drones.2 Yet the Turkish drone program is just part of a revamped national approach to power Photo: Yasin Bulbul/ projection in neighboring regions—an approach with economic, diplomatic, Presidential Palace/Handout strategic, and reputational effects, as well as implications on the battlefield. via REUTERS An expanded network of Turkish military agreements and overseas basing, the maturation of partner and proxy relationships, the expansion of the defense industry beyond UAVs, military doctrine to integrate new sensors RICH OUTZEN DEALS, DRONES, AND NATIONAL WILL and weapons, and—perhaps most critically—the development of risk-tolerant political will in foreign Abbreviations affairs have enabled Turkey to become a formidable hard-power player in the Middle East, North Africa, GNA Government of National Accord (Libya) the Caucasus, and the Black and Mediterranean Seas. Scholarly analysis is therefore needed that LNA Libyan National Army both contextualizes new capabilities for Western audiences and assesses the role and impact of these MIT Milli Istihbarat Teskilati (Turkey’s developments for the coming years. Signaling larger National Intelligence Organization) change within the Turkish military, drones represent a technical leap wrapped in a “revolution in military PKK Kurdistan Workers Party (Turkey) affairs” embedded in a regional realignment.
    [Show full text]
  • UK Home Office
    Country Policy and Information Note Syria: the Syrian Civil War Version 4.0 August 2020 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) and analysis of COI for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims (as set out in the Introduction section). It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) analysis and assessment of COI and other evidence; and (2) COI. These are explained in more detail below. Assessment This section analyses the evidence relevant to this note – i.e. the COI section; refugee/human rights laws and policies; and applicable caselaw – by describing this and its inter-relationships, and provides an assessment of, in general, whether one or more of the following applies: x A person is reasonably likely to face a real risk of persecution or serious harm x The general humanitarian situation is so severe as to breach Article 15(b) of European Council Directive 2004/83/EC (the Qualification Directive) / Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights as transposed in paragraph 339C and 339CA(iii) of the Immigration Rules x The security situation presents a real risk to a civilian’s life or person such that it would breach Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive as transposed in paragraph 339C and 339CA(iv) of the Immigration Rules x A person is able to obtain protection from the state (or quasi state bodies) x A person is reasonably able to relocate within a country or territory x A claim is likely to justify granting asylum, humanitarian protection or other form of leave, and x If a claim is refused, it is likely or unlikely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under section 94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revolution in the Drone Warfare
    JEMEAA - FEATURE The Revolution in Drone Warfare The Lessons from the Idlib De-Escalation Zone RIDVAN BARI URCOSTA urkey and Russia are learning how to operationally use a new type of twenty- first- century warfare—unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) warfare. Many historical analogies can be traced to the advent of new types of Tweapons and resulting strategies implemented for their use in a direct, kinetic confrontation. UAVs have existed since the Cold War, but in the 1990s few coun- tries possessed first- generation UAV technologies. Russia and Turkey joined the military UAV technology club relatively late, and both set a straightforward aim toward creating their own indigenous drones—first for utility-based roles and then purely combat drones. Russia achieved the first aim, but Turkey soon man- aged to field its own combat drone. However, Russia has a larger UAV fleet. The beginning of 2020 nearly witnessed Russia and Turkey in direct kinetic war, initially due to a successful Syrian offensive against Turkish-backed rebel forces. This success forced Turkey to enter a war against the Syrian Army, and from 27 February until 5 March 2020, an active phase of hostilities in the Idlib Province ensued. Russia and Turkey came to this confrontation well- experienced in the use of UAVs and electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) warfare technologies, having demonstrated their proficiencies in actions taken against rebel factions in Syria—and in Ankara’s case against Kurdish groups in Turkey—but neither Rus- sia nor Turkey, or other countries for that matter, have experience in employing these technologies in a direct clash against a peer competitor.
    [Show full text]
  • Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S
    Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response Updated July 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33487 SUMMARY RL33487 Armed Conflict in Syria: July 27, 2020 Overview and U.S. Response Carla E. Humud, As of 2020, Syria faces growing economic instability and pockets of renewed political Coordinator unrest, amid ongoing interventions by outside states and new public health challenges Analyst in Middle Eastern posed by the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19). The government of Syrian Affairs President Bashar al Asad—backed by Russia, Iran, and Hezbollah—has recaptured most areas formerly held by opposition forces but faces persistent challenges from fighters Christopher M. Blanchard linked to the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL/ISIS), as well as new protests Specialist in Middle stemming from deteriorating economic conditions. U.S.-backed local forces have Eastern Affairs recovered most territory formerly held by the Islamic State, but the group continues to maintain a low-level insurgency. U.S. policy toward Syria since 2014 has prioritized counterterrorism operations against the Islamic State, which sought to direct external attacks from areas under the group’s control in northeast Syria. Since 2015, U.S. forces deployed to Syria have trained, equipped, and advised local partners under special authorization from Congress and have worked primarily “by, with, and through” those local partners to retake nearly all areas formerly held by the Islamic State. As of July 2020, about 600 U.S. troops
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey's New Outlook
    Center for Security Studies STRATEGIC TRENDS 2021 Key Developments in Global Affairs Editors: Brian G. Carlson, Oliver Thränert Series Editor: Andreas Wenger Authors: Brian G. Carlson, Julian Kamasa, Linda Maduz, Niklas Masuhr, Lisa Watanabe CSS ETH Zurich STRATEGIC TRENDS 2021 is also electronically available at: www.css.ethz.ch/publications/strategic-trends Editors STRATEGIC TRENDS 2021: Brian G. Carlson, Oliver Thränert Series Editor STRATEGIC TRENDS: Andreas Wenger Contact: Center for Security Studies ETH Zurich Haldeneggsteig 4, IFW CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland This publication covers events up to 1 April 2021. © 2021, Center for Security Studies, ETH Zurich Images © by Reuters ISSN 1664-0667 ISBN 978-3-905696-76-9 CHAPTER 3 Turkey’s New Outlook: Power Projection in the Middle East and Beyond Niklas Masuhr Turkey’s military operations in 2020 and beyond lie at the intersection of a more activist and autonomous foreign policy, the continuous mutation of the country’s guiding ideologies, increased autocracy at home, and an expedition- ary military machine 25 years in the making. Trends and shifts in both the short and long terms, from changing government coalitions in Turkey to the Syrian civil war, help to explain the erstwhile Kemalist Republic’s accelerated transformation, both internationally and domestically, as well as its likely strategic implications. A Turkish soldier walks next to a Turkish military vehicle during a joint US-Turkey patrol, near Tel Abyad, Syria, September 8, 2019. Rodi Said / Reuters 53 STRATEGIC TRENDS 2021 Turkish military operations through- While interventions in Libya, Syria, out 2020 came as a shock to many and in the Nagorno-Karabakh war Western policymakers and commen- rely on similar tools and operation- tators, both in terms of their political al preferences, the politico-strategic audacity and their aggressive nature.
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIAL REPORT – Killer Optics: Exports of WESCAM Sensors to Turkey
    PLOUGHSHARES SPECIAL REPORT KILLER OPTICS EXPORTS OF WESCAM SENSORS TO TURKEY – A LITMUS TEST OF CANADA’S COMPLIANCE WITH THE ARMS TRADE TREATY by Kelsey Gallagher, MA SEPTEMBER 2020 PROJECT PLOUGHSHARES 20-09 Killer Optics: Exports of WESCAM sensors to Turkey – a litmus test of Canada’s compliance with the Arms Trade Treaty ©2020 Project Ploughshares Author: Kelsey Gallagher Adviser: Kenneth Epps Editor: Wendy Stocker Designer: Tasneem Jamal First published: September 2020 Project Ploughshares 140 Westmount Road North Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G6 Canada Telephone: 519-888-6541 Email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES iv ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS v OVERVIEW 7 WESCAM EO/IR SENSORS 8 MX-15 8 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WESCAM AND TURKEY 9 Export trends 9 A crack in the relationship 11 WESCAM sensors on Turkish UAVs 12 KALE-BAYKAR BAYRAKTAR TB2 12 KALE-BAYKAR AKINCI 13 VESTEL DEFENCE INDUSTRY’S KARAYEL 13 TURKISH AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES’ (TAI) ANKA 14 Combat zones in which Turkey has used WESCAM systems 15 TURKEY 15 SYRIA 15 Operation Olive Branch 15 Operation Peace Spring 16 Operation Spring Shield 17 IRAQ 19 Operation Claw 19 LIBYA 20 CANADIAN ARMS CONTROL AND WESCAM EXPORTS 22 International humanitarian law 22 Regional stability 22 Diversion 23 Final Report: Review on Export Permits to Saudi Arabia 23 APPENDIX I: TURKISH AIRSTRIKE FOOTAGE AND WESCAM VIDEO FEEDS 24 APPENDIX II: WESCAM EXPORT FIGURES 27 NOTES 29 FIGURES FIG. 1 WESCAM MX-15D 8 FIG. 2 Total Canadian military exports to Turkey 9 FIG. 3 Exports of HS Code 901380 vs. total Canadian military exports to Turkey (2015-2019) 11 FIG.
    [Show full text]
  • View Full Report
    Tenth Annual Report: The Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2020 The Bleeding Decade Tuesday 26 January 2021 The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded in June 2011, is a non-governmental, independent group that is considered a primary source for the OHCHR on all death toll-related analyses in Syria. R210104E Photo showing damage to residential buildings in Ariha city in Idlib suburbs caused by a Russian air attack - January 29, 2020 Content I. Background 2 II. Landmark Key Events in 2020 4 III. Most Prominent Political, Military and Human Rights Events Related to Syria in 2020 32 IV. The Syrian Regime’s Direct Responsibility for Committing Violations in Syria in 2020 and the Names of Individuals We Believe Are Involved in Committing Egregious Violations 44 V. Achieving Progress in the Accountability Process 48 VI. Record of the Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2020 According to the SNHR Database 53 VII. Comparison between the Most Notable Patterns of Human Rights Violations in 2019 and 2020 59 VIII. Summarizing the Most Notable Human Rights Violations Committed by the Parties to the Conflict and the Controlling Forces in Syria in 2020 62 IX. Recommendations 107 X. References 114 2 Tenth Annual Report: The Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2020 I. Background: The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded in June 2011, three months after the outbreak of the popular uprising in March 2011, is a non-governmental, non-profit independent organization whose primary objective is to doc- ument all violations that occur in Syria, archive them within our extensive database, and issue periodic reports and studies based on them, with SNHR aiming to expose the perpetrators of these violations as a first step to holding them accountable, protecting the rights of the victims, and saving and cataloguing the history of events.
    [Show full text]
  • Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response
    Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response Updated July 27, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL33487 SUMMARY RL33487 Armed Conflict in Syria: July 27, 2020 Overview and U.S. Response Carla E. Humud, As of 2020, Syria faces growing economic instability and pockets of renewed political Coordinator unrest, amid ongoing interventions by outside states and new public health challenges Analyst in Middle Eastern posed by the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19). The government of Syrian Affairs President Bashar al Asad—backed by Russia, Iran, and Hezbollah—has recaptured most areas formerly held by opposition forces but faces persistent challenges from fighters Christopher M. Blanchard linked to the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL/ISIS), as well as new protests Specialist in Middle stemming from deteriorating economic conditions. U.S.-backed local forces have Eastern Affairs recovered most territory formerly held by the Islamic State, but the group continues to maintain a low-level insurgency. U.S. policy toward Syria since 2014 has prioritized counterterrorism operations against the Islamic State, which sought to direct external attacks from areas under the group’s control in northeast Syria. Since 2015, U.S. forces deployed to Syria have trained, equipped, and advised local partners under special authorization from Congress and have worked primarily “by, with, and through” those local partners to retake nearly all areas formerly held by the Islamic State. As of July 2020, about 600 U.S. troops
    [Show full text]
  • Turkish Foreign Policy Toward Russia: Kemalism, Neo- Ottomanism & the Transition out of Empire (1923-2020)
    Dickinson College Dickinson Scholar Student Honors Theses By Year Student Honors Theses Spring 5-17-2020 Turkish Foreign Policy toward Russia: Kemalism, Neo- Ottomanism & the Transition Out of Empire (1923-2020) Grace Ingle Dickinson College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.dickinson.edu/student_honors Part of the History Commons, Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Ingle, Grace, "Turkish Foreign Policy toward Russia: Kemalism, Neo-Ottomanism & the Transition Out of Empire (1923-2020)" (2020). Dickinson College Honors Theses. Paper 390. This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Dickinson Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Turkish Foreign Policy toward Russia: Kemalism, Neo-Ottomanism & the Transition Out of Empire (1923-2020) Grace Ingle Dickinson College 11 May 2020 1 I. Introduction In this research I explore the role of nationalism in the Republic of Turkey’s foreign policy toward Russia from the foundation of the Republic in 1923 to the present. Analyzing the influence of Turkish nationalism, in its ever-evolving forms, on its relations with Russia is both timely and relevant for two main reasons. First, there are few scholarly analyses that focus exclusively on Turco-Russian relations, while even fewer are interested in nationalism’s role in this relationship. Intensified Turco-Russian rapprochement since 2016 signals a need for this type of analysis, especially since Russia has not been a high foreign policy priority in recent decades. The Turkish foreign policy establishment has been focused on either the West or the Middle East in the last century, lacking experience with Russia.
    [Show full text]