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The See Subtype Verbs in English and Wolio

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The See Subtype Verbs in English and Wolio ENGLISH EDUCATION JOURNAL THE SEE SUBTYPE VERBS IN (E2J) ENGLISH AND WOLIO Research Journal LANGUAGES: A SEMANTIC APPROACH TO GRAMMAR https://www.ejournal.lppmunidayan.ac. id/index.php/english Nur Melansari 1), Nining Syafitri 2) 1&2) Lecturers of English Education Department, Universitas Dayanu Ikhsanuddin E-ISSN: 2686-3731 Jl. Sultan Dayanu Ikhsanuddin No. 124 P-ISSN: 2460-0504 Baubau, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Article Info Article history: Author's Correspondence Received: 10/10/2020 e-mail: [email protected] Received in revised form: 27/10/2020 Accepted: 30/10/2020 Abstract This research aimed to investigate See subtype verbs in English and Wolio languages: the meanings and grammatical properties. The research is descriptive qualitative research. The sources of the data in this research include events, information, and documents. The techniques of collecting data are observation and interview. The data were analyzed through some steps: data reduction, data display, and conclusion and verification. The result shows that the English See subtype verbs identified are see, hear, smell, taste, feel, observe, notice and perceive. While the Wolio See subtype verbs identified are kamata, rango, bou, penami, namisi, and tuminda. In the aspect of meaning, the Wolio See subtype verbs do not always have the same function with English in the use. Some verbs in Wolio language have more wide semantic range, such as ‘kamata’ and ‘namisi’. ‘Kamata’ refers to become aware of somebody/something by using of eyes either in a glance or over period of time and carefully or not. Publisher: In addition, ‘kamata’ also can be used to see a English Education Department movie, witness the accident, and observed somebody or something. ‘namisi’ also can cover Faculty of Teacher Training and feel and perceive. Though it is a transitive and Education intransitive verb at once, but the passive sentence Universitas Dayanu Ikhsanuddin of this verb is not allowed. In addition, this verb also does not have the imperative form when it Address: refers to ‘perceive’. Contrast with ‘tumindaea’ that has more narrow semantic meaning. ‘tumindaea’ Jl. Sultan Dayanu Ikhsanuddin No. 124 is just used to pay attention or notice somebody or Baubau, post code 93724 his/her speech or advice. Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Keywords: grammar, See subtype, semantic approach 76 Abstrak “a hand of banana”. People in Indonesia see it Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kata as a comb, while people in England see it as a kerja See subtype dalam bahasa Inggris dan Wolio: hand. Actually it is caused by the way of makna dan sifat gramatikal. Jenis penelitian yang thinking of those societies, as we know that digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. the way of thinking is one of the elements of Sumber data dalam penelitian ini meliputi peristiwa, informasi, dan dokumen. Teknik culture. pengumpulan data adalah observasi dan Indonesia is a very large country which wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan melalui has about 750 languages. The languages beberapa tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian consist of Indonesian as a nationality data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil language and the rests are local languages. penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kata kerja See Wolio language is one of the local subtype bahasa Inggris yang diidentifikasi adalah languages in the island of Buton. This see, hear, smell, taste, feel, observe, notice dan language is an official language of the perceive. Sedangkan kata kerja See subtype bahasa government system at the kingdom of Buton. Wolio yang diidentifikasi adalah kamata, rango, Until now Wolio language is still used by the bou, penami, namisi, dan tuminda. Pada aspek makna, kata kerja See subtype bahasa Wolio tidak community, especially in Baubau city. In selalu memiliki fungsi yang sama dengan bahasa addition, Wolio language is still known by Inggris dalam penggunaannya. Beberapa kata people around the kingdom of Buton. kerja dalam bahasa Wolio memiliki jangkauan Abas et. al [2] states that the structure of semantik yang lebih luas, seperti 'kamata' dan Wolio language consists of subject, verb, 'namisi'. 'Kamata' mengacu pada menyadari akan object or complement (SVO). In a context seseorang/sesuatu dengan menggunakan mata where the subject can be inferred from the baik dalam sekejap atau selama periode waktu previous discourse it enables to omit the dan dengan hati-hati atau tidak. Selain itu, subject [3]. However, it needs to be 'kamata' juga dapat digunakan untuk menonton strengthened by other research regarding film, menyaksikan kecelakaan, dan mengamati seseorang atau sesuatu. 'Namisi' juga bisa there are just a few research about Wolio mencakup feel dan perceive. Meskipun kata kerja language. ini merupakan kata kerja transitif dan intransitif, Verb is the most important element in a namun bentuk pasif kata kerja ini tidak sentence which shows the activity done by diperbolehkan. Selain itu, kata kerja ini juga tidak the doer. Understanding the meaning of a memiliki bentuk imperatif yang mengacu pada verb will help learners to think of the way 'perceive'. Berbeda dengan 'tumindaea' yang how to construct a sentence using the verb memiliki makna semantik yang lebih sempit. [4]. When one has knowledge about meaning 'Tumindaea' hanya digunakan untuk of a verb it will help them to think about the memperhatikan seseorang atau ucapan atau grammatical properties of the verb, because nasihatnya. grammar can be approached by using Kata kunci: tata bahasa, See subtype, pendekatan semantics. semantik Leech [5] categorized English verbs based on tense and aspect. The verbs used in simple present are divided into ‘state verb’, ‘event 1. INTRODUCTION verb’ and ‘habitual verb’. Verb with progressive aspect are divided into eight There are varieties of languages in the classes: ‘momentary verbs’, ‘transitional world. It is about 7.000 languages. Each event verbs’, ‘activity verbs’, ‘process verbs’, language is different from one another, but ‘verbs of inert perception’, ‘verbs of inert they have similarities, such as structure and cognition’, ‘verbs of attitude’, ‘state verbs of meaning. It depends on the culture of the having and being’, and ‘verbs of bodily society. sensation’. However, from the categorization, Culture affects people as a society in it just focuses on a set of grammatical forms thinking, naming, and categorizing things [1]. in relation to a set of meaning, without raising For example “sesisir pisang” in Indonesian is discussion of syntax and morphology [3]. different from English. In English it is called 77 Dixon [6] came up with a new idea of 2.2 Source of the Data interrelation of grammar and meaning, and The sources of the data in this research discovered that the varying grammatical include events, information, and documents. behaviors of words are a consequence of their 1. Event meaning difference. He divided verbs into The event in this research is all activities two main categories based on their meaning where people use the languages in approach: Primary and Secondary verbs. communicating. Primary refers to some activity or state which independently can be the only verb in a 2. Informants sentence, while Secondary verbs refer to Informant is considered as a person who verbs which provide semantic modification of gives information about something. In other some other verbs. words, informant is a person who becomes Primary verbs are then divided into the source of the data specifically for Wolio Primary-A and Primary-B. Primary-B verbs language data. The informants of this may have noun phrases filling subject and research must fulfil some criteria: (1) native object slots but they also allow a complement speakers of Wolio language, (2) undergo clause as an alternative to fill one of these education at least senior high school, and (3) slots. Moreover, they can be the only verb in a can speak at least two languages. sentence. Primary-B verbs have many various 3. Documents types; Attention, Thinking, Deciding, The documents used in this research is all Speaking, Liking, Annoying, and Others. Each available written documents which concern type has its own subtype. on both English and Wolio languages. The Attention has seven subtypes; See, Show, Recognise, Discover, Witness, Look, 2.3 Technique of Data Collection and Watch subtypes. In this research, the writer focuses on Attention type, especially a. Observation on the See subtype. Observation is a technique of data The SEE subtype, involving collection which has specific characteristics straightforward description of an act of relating to human’s behavior, work process, perception (which can be involuntary)—see, natural phenomena, and respondents hear, smell, taste, feel, etc.. observed are not wide [9]. In this research, This research aimed to investigate See the researchers conducted observation to get subtype verbs in English and Wolio information about the meanings and languages: the meanings and grammatical grammatical properties of the See subtype properties. verbs naturally. b. Interview 2. METHODS One of the most popular techniques for 2.1 Design of The Research obtaining information when conducting This is a qualitative and descriptive research by asking respondent orally is called research. Maxwell [7] stated that the strength interview. The information is obtained as qualitative research derives primarily from directly from the respondents while talking its inductive approach, its focus on specific face to face. In this research the researcher situation
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