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A Synonymy of the Caddisfly Genus Lepidostoma Rambur (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae), Including a Species Checklist

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A Synonymy of the Caddisfly Genus Lepidostoma Rambur (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae), Including a Species Checklist JOHN S. WEAVER III University of New Hampshire, Durham, U.S.A. A SYNONYMY OF THE CADDISFLY GENUS LEPIDOSTOMA RAMBUR (TRICHOPTERA: LEPIDOSTOMATIDAE), INCLUDING A SPECIES CHECKLIST Weaver, J. S., III, 2002. A synonymy of the caddisfly genus Lepidostoma Rambur (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae), including a species checklist. – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 145: 173- 192, figs.1-12. [ISSN 0040-7496]. Published 1 December 2002. The synonymy of the genus Lepidostoma Rambur is revised to include 25 new synonyms. The genus is divided into four branches as indicated in the species checklist that is provided. The transferrals of species to Lepidostoma have resulted in 222 new combinations. New names are proposed for six species to avoid secondary homonymy: Lepidostoma kimminsi nom. n., replac- ing Agoerodes orientalis Mosely; Lepidostoma martynovi nom. n., replacing Dinarthrum modes- tum Martynov; Lepidostoma ylesomi nom. n., replacing Adinarthrella brunnea Mosely; Lepidos- toma navasi nom. n., replacing Crunoeciella hirta Navás; Lepidostoma qilini nom. n., replacing Dinarthrum pilosum Huang; and Lepidostoma wigginsi nom. n., replacing Lepidostoma serratum Flint & Wiggins. Correspondence: J. S. Weaver III, Spaulding Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3597, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Lepidostoma; Lepidostomatidae; systematics; Trichoptera; Afrotropical; Australian; Nearctic; Neotropical; Palaearctic; Oriental. Sexual dimorphism prevails throughout the Lepi- in length. Sometimes other body parts are modified dostomatidae with characteristics so bizarre that to accommodate the maxillary palps, such as cavities McLachlan (1876) referred to this group as the ‘cu- in the frons or in the mesal surfaces of the scapes riosity shop’ of Trichoptera. Adult males of Lepidos- within which the apices of the maxillary palps are tomatidae exhibit a variety of secondary sexual modi- concealed. The scapes of some Chinese species each fications, especially those of the maxillary palps, have a subapicoventral, knoblike process that is held antennal scapes, wings, and forelegs. In the genus by a spatulate apical segment of each maxillary palp. Lepidostoma, secondary sexual characters are more The shape, size, and number of the setal warts of the highly modified than in other genera of the family, head, pronotum, and metanotum can vary greatly; and are so different that often their unique character- sometimes small cavities or protrusions are found on istics can be used to distinguish between closely relat- the mesoscutum. The male foretibiae are notched or ed species which have similar male genitalia. Many broadly expanded in some species. Male forewings of- species have the male antennal scapes each with a var- ten have costal folds of various length and width. Fur- ied combination of the following characters: basal thermore, all of these secondary sexual characters bear process and/or other processes bearing large, unique- variously modified setae and scales. ly modified setae; mesal or lateral basal cavities some- An important consideration is the inability to dis- times bearing numerous vertical striations; false joint cover reliable larval characters that are diagnostic for near midlength; and bulbous. In other species these many of the proposed genera, subgenera, and species modifications are absent and the male scape is simple groups within the Lepidostomatidae (Kerr & Wig- and nearly cylindrical. The male maxillary palps are gins 1993, Ross 1946). However, a number of mono- usually modified; the first segment sometimes has ex- phyletic species groups in North America can be rec- tra apical or mesal lobes and the second segment may ognized by their different larval cases and geographic be spatulate or lobiform, flexible, and quite variable distributions (Weaver 1988). 173 Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 10:50:29AM via free access T E, 145, 2002 In Trichoptera, differences in wing venation and Adinarthrella Mosely, 1941; type species, Adinarthrella brun- nea Mosely (replaced by Lepidostoma ylesomi nom. n.), the maxillary palps have been used traditionally as a original designation. Syn. n. basis for recognizing new genera, and because such Adinarthrum Mosely, 1949a; type species, Adinarthrum kur- modifications are common within the Lepidostomati- seum Mosely, original designation. Syn. n. dae, it is little wonder that these oddities were used as Agoerodella Molesy, 1941; type species, Agoerodella punkata a basis for generic discrimination that contributed to a Mosely, original designation. Syn. n. chaotic conglomeration of 63 proposed generic names Agoerodes Mosely, 1949a; type species, Agoerodes convolutus Mosely, original designation. Syn. n. for Lepidostoma. It seems ironic that these striking sec- Alepomyia Banks, 1908; type species, Alepomyia bryanti ondary sexual characters that generated a fascination Banks, original designation; syn. of Lepidostoma accord- in the workers who first saw them and perhaps attract- ing to Ross (1944). ed many people to study lepidostomatids, also gener- Alepomyiodes Sibley, 1926; type species, Lepidostoma win- ated such chaos. This problematic issue has been dis- consinense Vorhies (syn. of Alepomyia bryanti Banks), cussed by (Dudgeon 1999, Ito 2001, Mosely 1939a, original designation; syn. of Lepidostoma according to Ross (1944). Myers & Sperling 2002, Ross 1938b, Weaver 1983, Anacrunoecia Mosely, 1949b; type species, Anacrunoecia 1988, 1993), and is especially conspicuous when com- atania Mosely, original designation. Syn. n. paring species that share general characteristics but are Arcadopsyche Banks, 1930; type species, Arcadopsyche promi- from different regions of the world. In addressing this nens Banks, monobasic; syn. of Lepidostoma according to issue, Ross (1944) was the first to take substantial Ross (1944). measures to define the genus Lepidostoma in a broader Atomyia Banks, 1905; type species, Atomyia modesta Banks, original designation; syn. of Lepidostoma according to sense. When he synonomized nearly all of the Nearc- Ross (1944). tic lepidostomatid genera he stated: Atomyiella Tsuda, 1936; type species, Atomyiella japonica ‘An astonishing number of bizarre characters have Tsuda, original designation; syn. of Dinarthrodes accord- been developed by the males. Some have leaflike legs, ing to Tsuda (1941). others extremely wide wings or folded-back portions Atomyiodes Ulmer, 1911; type species, Atomyiodes bispinosa which form large pockets filled with black scales; still Ulmer (syn. of Olemira mexicana Banks), monobasic; syn., suppressed because type species was transferred to others have the maxillary palpi variously developed Lepidostoma by Denning (1962). into spoon-shaped structures with long extensible Ayabeopsyche Tsuda, 1942; type species, Ayabeopsyche nip- membranous organs. Organizing and correlating the ponica Tsuda; syn., suppressed because type species was differences found in both male and female genitalia recognized as syn. of Phryganea hirta Fabricius by Ku- give us ample evidence that this entire complex is a manski & Weaver (1992). compact phylogenetic group. The secondary sexual Crunobiella Martynov, 1928; type species, Curnoeciella batu- mica Martynov, monobasic; syn., suppressed because type characters so strikingly developed in the males appear species was transferred to Goerodes by Schmid (1959a). to have no relation to the phylogeny of the true species Crunobiodes Martynov, 1928; type species, Curnoeciella fla- groups in the genus. It seems necessary, therefore, to va Ulmer, selected by Fischer (1970); syn. of Goerodes ac- consider this entire complex as one genus.’ cording to Mosely (1939a). Therefore, in resolving the problem of dubious lep- Crunoeciella Ulmer, 1905; type species, Crunoeciella brun- idostomatid genera of the Old World, I find that this nea Ulmer, monobasic; syn. of Goerodes according to Jacquemart (1961b). situation is similar to the one previously amended by Dinarthrella Ulmer, 1907c; type species, Maniconeura de- Ross and for which I propose a similar solution, to rec- structa Ulmer, monobasic. Syn. n. ognize the genus Lepidostoma in a broader sense now. Dinarthrena Mosely, 1941; type species, Dinarthrena shanta All subgenera of Lepidostoma and Dinarthrum are sup- Mosely, original designation. Syn. n. pressed. The genus presently contains 350 extant Dinarthrodes Ulmer, 1907a; type species, Maniconeura albar- species and 6 fossil species († precedes names of fossil dana Ulmer, original designation; syn., suppressed because type species was transferred to Goerodes by Ito (1997). taxa). Dinarthropsis Ulmer, 1913; type species, Dinarthropsis picea Ulmer, monobasic. Syn. n. Dinarthrum McLachlan, 1871; type species, Dinarthrum LEPIDOSTOMA RAMBUR, ferox McLachlan, monobasic. Syn. n. Lepidostoma Rambur, 1842; type species, Lepidostoma squa- Dinogoerodes Martynov, 1928; type species, Dinogoerodes re- mulosum Rambur (syn. of Phryganea hirta Fabricius), se- licta Martynov, monobasic; syn., suppressed because type lected by Ross (1944). species was transferred to Maniconeura by Martynov Acrunoecia Ulmer, 1907c; type species, Mormonia parvula Mc- (1936). Lachlan, monobasic; syn., suppressed because type species Dinomyia Martynov, 1909b; type species, Dinomyia was transferred to Dinarthrum by Martynov (1913a). djerkuana Martynov, monobasic. Syn. n. Acrunoeciella Martynov, 1909a; type species, Acrunoeciella †Electraulax Ulmer, 1912; type species, †Electraulax brevius- chaldyrense Martynov, monobasic; syn., suppressed
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