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Zur Diversität Der Xylobionten Käferfauna (Insecta: Coleoptera) Des Samina- Und Galinatales (Österreich Und Liechten- Stein) – Einblicke Und Schlussfolgerungen

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Zur Diversität Der Xylobionten Käferfauna (Insecta: Coleoptera) Des Samina- Und Galinatales (Österreich Und Liechten- Stein) – Einblicke Und Schlussfolgerungen Eckelt, A. & Degasperi, G. (2018): Zur Diversität der xylobionten Käferfauna (Insecta: Coleoptera) des Samina- und Galinatales (Österreich und Liechten- stein) – Einblicke und Schlussfolgerungen. inatura – Forschung online, 58: 20 S. Zur Diversität der xylobionten Käferfauna Nr. 58 - 2018 (Insecta: Coleoptera) des Samina- und Galinatales (Österreich und Liechtenstein) – Einblicke und Schlussfolgerungen Andreas Eckelt1 & Gregor Degasperi2 1 Mag. Andreas Eckelt, Tiroler Landesmuseen Betriebsges.m.b.H., Sammlungs- und Forschungszentrum, Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Krajnc-Straße 1, A-6060 Hall in Tirol E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Mag. Gregor Degasperi Richard-Wagner-Str. 9, A-6020 Innsbruck E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract This study presents the saproxylic beetle communities of the trans-boundary wilderness area Samina and Galina valleys which are located both in Liechtenstein and Vorarlberg (Austria), respectively. The beetles were collected from 2015 to 2017 in different forest habitats, using flight interception traps, pitfall traps, color pan traps as well as selective hand catching methods (sifting, netting, beating), The species list comprises 546 species (with a total of 5.749 specimens) including 215 saproxylic beetle species (2.986 specimens). 117 species are first records for the Principality of Liechtenstein whereas 21 species are new for the fauna of Vorarlberg. Overall 106 species are listed in one of the red list categories. Some remarkable deadwood specialists such as Dorcatoma lomnickii, Ceruchus chrysomelinus, Tragosoma depsarium, Ernobius explanatus, Lamprodila decipiens, Hylis procerulus and Atrecus longiceps emphasise the significance of the study site as a refuge for a threatened ecological keystone community. Key words: Coleoptera, saproxylic beetles, Xylobionta, Totholz, Biodiversität Zusammenfassung 1 Einleitung Die Ergebnisse einer Untersuchung denen 215 Arten als Totholzbesiedler Boreale Nadelwälder zählen zu den zur xylobionten Käferfauna des Wild- (Xylobionta) gelten. Unter dem fest- »nur« in geringem Ausmaß gefähr- nisgebietes Samina- und Galinatal im gestellten Artenspektrum befanden deten Biomen in Europa, jedoch sind Grenzgebiet Vorarlbergs und Liech- sich 117 Erstmeldungen für Liechten- sie in ihrer Struktur und ihrer funktio- tensteins werden hiermit präsentiert. stein und 21 Erstmeldungen für das nellen Zusammensetzung sehr stark In den Jahren 2015 bis 2017 wurden Bundesland Vorarlberg. Der Nachweis durch den Menschen verändert (WAL- unterschiedliche Waldhabitate be- einiger anspruchsvoller und gefähr- LENIUS et al. 2010). Der menschliche sammelt, wobei verschiedene auto- deter Totholzbewohner, wie Dorcato- Einfluss auf die europäischen Wald- matische Fangmethoden (Fensterfal- ma lomnickii, Ceruchus chrysomelinus, lebensräume reicht mehr als 5000 len, Bodenfallen, Farbschalen), sowie Tragosoma depsarium, Ernobius ex- Jahre zurück, und die geringste Wald- händische Aufsammlungstechniken planatus, Lamprodila decipiens, Hylis flächenausdehnung, nach dem letz- (Handfang, Klopfen, Lichtfang, Nacht- procerulus und Atrecus longiceps un- ten eiszeitlichen Glazialen Maximum, fang) zum Einsatz kamen. Insgesamt terstreicht die Bedeutung naturnaher wurde um das Jahr 1750 verzeichnet wurden 5.749 Individuen ausgewertet Gebiete für den Erhalt von Diversität. (GROVE 2002, WHITEHOUSE 2006). Mit Aus- und 546 Käferarten zugeordnet, von nahme der Nachkriegsjahre des ersten Eingegangen: 03.04.2018; Publiziert: 20.04.2018 1 und zweiten Weltkrieges wächst der maßgeblich. So wurden und werden Einsatz. Pro Fallenstandort wurden Anteil der Waldfläche in Europa ste- große Teile des Untersuchungsgebie- drei Fensterfallen und drei Bodenfal- tig. Gemessen an der Bundesfläche tes bewirtschaftet, forstlich genutzt len (Becher 0,5 l) exponiert. beträgt der Waldanteil in Österreich oder dienen als Schutzwald für die Die Angaben zur Verbreitung, Bio- derzeit knappe 50 % und ist weiter in geschaffene Infrastruktur. Eine Aus- logie und Ökologie der Arten stam- Zunahme begriffen (PREM 2015). Die nahme bilden die unzugänglichsten men, wenn nicht anders angegeben, Baumartenzusammensetzung und Bereiche der Schluchtlebensräume im aus folgenden Quellen: HORION 1941- der Altersaufbau der Österreichischen Samina- und Galinatal. Ziel vorliegen- 1974, FREUDE et al. (1964-1983), KOCH Wälder sind sehr stark durch forstli- der Untersuchung ist es, die Bedeu- (1989-1992), LÖBL & SMETANA (2003- che Nutzung geprägt. Eine natürliche tung des Lebensraums Totholz im Pro- 2013), ASSING & SCHÜLKE (2011), LÖBL & Baumartendurchmischung findet sich jektgebiet genauer zu beleuchten und LÖBL (2015-2018). Zur Gefährdungs- zumeist nur in forstlich nicht nutzba- das Artenspektrum der xylobionten einschätzung der Arten wurden aus ren Lagen oder in Waldschutzgebie- Käfer zu erfassen, sowie eine Bewer- Mangel einer Roten Liste für Vorarl- ten. Als ein maßgeblicher Indikator tung des Artbestandes im regionalen berg die Rote Liste Bayerns herange- für die Artenvielfalt in Wäldern gilt das bis überregionalen Zusammenhang zogen (BUSSLER 2003a, 2003b; BUSSLER vorhandene Totholzvolumen und des- vorzunehmen. & BENSE 2003; BUSSLER & HOFMANN 2003; sen räumliche und zeitliche Zusam- JUNGWIRTH 2003; KIPPENBERG 2003; SCHMIDL mensetzung (Habitatkontinuität). Der & BUSSLER 2003; SCHMIDL & ESSER 2003; durchschnittlich zu geringe Totholz- 2 Material und Methoden SPRICK et al. 2003). anteil in den mitteleuropäischen Wäl- Für die Bestimmung wurde die Stan- dern, gilt als die Hauptgefährdungs- Die Erhebungen erfolgten in den Jah- dardliteratur für Mitteleuropa (FREUDE ursache für viel Waldspezialisten. ren 2015 bis 2017. Für die Erfassung der et al. 1964-1983; MÜLLER-MOTZFELD 2004; Besonders eindeutig zeigt sich dieser xylobionten Käferfauna kamen Kreuz- ASSING & SCHÜLKE 2011) verwendet. Die Zusammenhang innerhalb der gut fensterfallen (Flugunterbrechungs- taxonomische Nomenklatur folgt dem untersuchten ökologischen Schlüssel- fallen), Bodenfallen, Handfänge, Ge- Catalouge of Palaearctic Coleoptera gruppe der xylobionten Käfer (SEIBOLD siebeproben sowie Lichtfang zum (LÖBL & SMETANA 2003-2013; LÖBL & LÖBL et al. 2015). Einsatz. Zusätzlich wurden relevante 2015-2018). Wie in vielen alpinen Regionen der Käferbeifänge aus Farbschalen aus- Alpen, prägte und veränderte auch im gewertet. Als Fangflüssigkeit kamen 2.1 Untersuchungsraum Rätikon vor allem die Almbewirtschaf- übersättigte Kochsalzlösung (Kreuz- tung die umgebenden Wälder in ihrer fensterfallen, Farbschalen) sowie Das Untersuchungsgebiet umfasst das Ausdehnung und Zusammensetzung 5%ige Essigsäure (Bodenfallen) zum Samina- und Galinatal auf Vorarlber- ger Seite (Gemeindegebiete Frastanz und Nenzing), sowie das Saminatal und seine Umgebung auf der Liech- tensteiner Seite (Gemeindegebiete Balzers, Triesenberg, Planken). Das Untersuchungsgebiet und die Proben- standorte zeigt Abbildung 1. An folgend Standorten wurden Kreuz- fenster- und Bodenfallen installiert: 2.1.1 Liechtenstein • Bim Stall Nord / Valorsch Südwestexponierter, durch Windwurf totholzreicher Mischwald, lichter Kro- nenschluss, primär Fichtentotholz un- terschiedlichster Stärke. N 47,14242 – E 09,60158; 1450 m ü. A. Expositionszeitraum: 10.06.-14.07.2015 • Schindelholz Abb. 1: Übersichtskarte des Untersuchungsgebiets mit den Beprobungsflächen. Durch einen Windwurf totholzreicher- (Luftbild: VoGIS; Grafik: R. Staub ) er Fichtenforst, ostexponiert, eher inatura – Forschung online 58 (2018) 2 Abb. 2 (links): Flugunterbrechungsfalle an Spirken und Fichten Totholz im Saminatal. Foto: A. Eckelt Abb. 3 (rechts): Flugunterbrechungsfalle an einer abgestorbenen Spirke im Bereich der Innergampalpe. Foto: A. Eckelt feucht, reiche Krautschicht, Kernfläche N 47,16269 – E 09,58845; 972 m ü. A. Kronenschluss, ausgedehnte Rasen- mit geringem Kronenschluss. Expositionszeitraum: 21.04.-24.09.2016 partien zwischen den einzeln stehen- N 47,13573 – E 09,56667; 1300 m ü. A. • Falleck den Spirken. Expositionszeitraum: 18.06.-14.07.2015 Süd- bis südwestexponierter, steiler N 47,16579 – E 09,59385; 880 m ü. A. • Lärchenegg Schluchtmischwald mit erhöhtem Tot- Expositionszeitraum: 21.04.-24.09.2016 Südexponierter, lichter Fichten-Kie- holz angebot, mittlerer Kronenschluss; • Sattelalpe Nordost fernwald mit ausgedehnten Rasenflä- die Fläche grenzt an den großen Aus- Süd- bis südwestexponierter, steiler chen, mittlere Totholzdichte, mehrere schotterungsbereich der Samina, di- Fichtenwald, durch lokale Windwurf- stehende Dürrlinge. rekt an der Grenze. ereignisse und Borkenkäfer-Einwir- N 47,13874 – E 09,57001; 1350 m ü. A. N 47,16492 – E 09,58973; 950 m ü. A. kung erhöhter Totholzanteil. Expositionszeitraum: 18.06.-14.07.2015 Expositionszeitraum: 21.04.-24.09.2016 N 47,17959 – E 09,63609; 1370 m ü. A. • Falleck Südwest Expositionszeitraum: 05.05.-24.09.2016 Süd- bis südwestexponierter, steiler, 2.1.2 Vorarlberg • Sattelalpe Südost flachgründiger Mischwald mit erhöh- Westexponierter Fichtenwald, verein- tem Totholzangebot, mittlerer Kro- • Falleck Nordost zelt sind Kiefern beigemengt. Durch nenschluss; die Fläche grenzt an den Süd- bis südwestexponierter, fels- Windwurf stark erhöhter Totholzanteil, großen Ausschotterungsbereich der durchsetzter Spirkenwald, Ausschnitt, teilweise wurde das Bruchholz aufge- Samina. geringer Totholzanteil, sehr geringer arbeitet. Geringer Kronenschlussgrad. N 47,17161 – E 09,63164; 1440 m ü. A. Expositionszeitraum: 05.05.-24.09.2016 500 • Innergampalpe 432 450 Süd- bis südostexponierter, felsdurch- 400 setzter Spirkenwald,
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