The Charter at Work
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Language That Forgot Itself Tomasz Kamusella*
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe Vol 13, No 4, 2014, 129-138 Copyright © ECMI 2014 This article is located at: http://www.ecmi.de/fileadmin/downloads/publications/JEMIE/2014/Kamusella.pdf A Language that Forgot Itself Tomasz Kamusella* University of St Andrews In this essay, as a background, I reflect on how the German language was liquidated in post-1945 Poland’s region of Upper Silesia where nowadays the country’s German minority is concentrated. But the main focus is on the irony that neither this language, nor a genuine German minority education system has been revived during the last quarter of a century that has elapsed since the fall of communism in 1989, despite promises to the contrary. The mystery persists. In the entry devoted to Poland in the respectable reference on the languages of the world, the Ethnologue, the number of native speakers of German living in the country is conservatively estimated at half a million.1 Until well into the 1990s German sources spoke of one million or a million and a half Germans in Poland. It is noted that the region where they live in compact areas of settlement is the countryside of Upper Silesia. But in the region the local Germans overwhelmingly communicate in the Silesian language. Silesia Superioris, Oberschlesien, Haute-Silésie, Horní Slezsko, Górny Śląsk, Felső-Szilézia—it is known by so many names, as many homelands in Central Europe were before the powers-that-be minced and fitted this part of the continent into the unbecomingly tight and too-small pantyhose of national polities, each so pure, homogenous through and through, so painfully monolingual. -
Geddie 1 the USE of OCCITAN DIALECTS in LANGUEDOC
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The University of Mississippi Geddie 1 THE USE OF OCCITAN DIALECTS IN LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON, FRANCE By Virginia Jane Geddie A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Oxford May 2014 Approved by _______________________________ Advisor: Professor Allison Burkette _______________________________ Reader: Professor Felice Coles _______________________________ Reader: Professor Robert Barnard Geddie 1 Abstract Since the medieval period, the Occitan dialects of southern France have been a significant part of the culture of the Midi region of France. In the past, it was the language of the state and literature. However, Occitan dialects have been in a slow decline, beginning with the Ordinance of Villers-Coterêts in 1539 which banned the use of Occitan in state affairs. While this did little to affect the daily life and usage of Occitan, it established a precedent that is still referred to in modern arguments about the use of regional languages (Costa, 2). In the beginning of the 21st century, the position of Occitan dialects in Midi is precarious. This thesis will investigate the current use of Occitan dialects in and around Montpellier, France, particularly which dialects are most commonly used in the region of Languedoc-Roussillon (where Montpellier is located), the environment in which they are learned, the methods of transmission, and the general attitude towards Occitan. It will also discuss Occitan’s current use in literature, music, and politics. While the primary geographic focus of this thesis will be on Montpellier and its surroundings, it should somewhat applicable to the whole of Occitan speaking France. -
The Relationship Between Official and Minority Languages in Poland
Walery Pisarek The relationship between official and minority languages in Poland Streszczenie: Relacje między językiem urzędowym a językami mniejszościowymi w Polsce Dla co najmniej 96% mieszkających w Polsce 38 230 tysięcy obywateli Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej język polski jest językiem ojczystym. Znakomitej większości pozostałych 4% polskich obywateli język polski jest dobrze znany (niekiedy lepiej niż deklarowany język ojczysty) przynajmniej biernie. Polska należy więc obecnie do krajów o niskim odsetku mniejszości narodowych. Najważniejszym dokumentem regulującym status mniejszości językowych w Polsce jest ustawa z 6 stycznia 2005 r. Za języki mniejszości narodowych uznane są: białoruski, czeski, hebrajski, jidysz, litewski, niemiecki, ormiański, rosyjski, słowacki i ukraiński, za języki mniejszości etnicznych – karaimski, łemkowski, romski i tatarski, a za język regionalny – kaszubski. Najliczniejszą mniejszość językową w Polsce stanowią osoby wskazujące niemiecki jako swój język ojczysty. Polska ratyfikowała zarówno Europejską kartę języków regionalnych i mniejszościowych (w 2008), jak i Konwencję ramową o ochronie mniejszości narodowych (w 2000). Występują znaczne różnice między danymi pochodzącymi od rzeczników mniejszości a wynikami Narodowego Spisu Powszechnego z r. 2002 co do liczebności poszczególnych mniejszości. Powinien je zweryfikować następny Spis przewidziany na r. 2011. Sytuacje konfliktowe między językiem polskim jako urzędowym językiem RP a językami mniejszościowymi występują najczęściej w zakresie napisów do publicznego użytku. Zazwyczaj chodzi o relacje między wersją polską a wersją obcojęzyczną. Niektóre z polskich dialektów pretendują do statusu języka regionalnego. Ta tendencja obecnie przejawia się najsilniej wśród mieszkańców Górnego Śląska. 38 230 000 citizens of the Republic of Poland live in Poland. For at least 96% of them, i.e. for 36 700 000, the Polish language is their native language. -
The Use of Occitan Dialects in Languedoc-Roussillon, France
University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) 2014 The seU of Occitan Dialects in Languedoc- Roussillon, France Virginia Jane Geddie University of Mississippi. Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the Linguistics Commons Recommended Citation Geddie, Virginia Jane, "The sU e of Occitan Dialects in Languedoc-Roussillon, France" (2014). Honors Theses. 1263. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/1263 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geddie 1 THE USE OF OCCITAN DIALECTS IN LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON, FRANCE By Virginia Jane Geddie A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Oxford May 2014 Approved by _______________________________ Advisor: Professor Allison Burkette _______________________________ Reader: Professor Felice Coles _______________________________ Reader: Professor Robert Barnard Geddie 1 Abstract Since the medieval period, the Occitan dialects of southern France have been a significant part of the culture of the Midi region of France. In the past, it was the language of the state and literature. However, Occitan dialects have been in a slow decline, beginning with the Ordinance of Villers-Coterêts in 1539 which banned the use of Occitan in state affairs. While this did little to affect the daily life and usage of Occitan, it established a precedent that is still referred to in modern arguments about the use of regional languages (Costa, 2). -
Language: Talking Or Trading Blows in the Upper Silesian Industrial Basin?1
AUTHOR’S COPY | AUTORENEXEMPLAR Language: Talking or trading blows in the Upper Silesian industrial basin?1 TOMASZ KAMUSELLA Abstract In the 19 th century, in the eastern half of Prussia’s region of Upper Si- lesia, continental Europe’s second largest industrial basin emerged. In the course of the accelerated urbanization that followed, an increasing number of German- and Germanic-speakers arrived in this overwhelm- ingly Slavophone area that historically skirted the Germanic dialect con- tinuum to the west. The resultant dynamic interaction between Slavic- and German/ic-speakers led to the emergence of an Upper Silesian Slavic-Germanic pidgin that, in the late 19 th century, became creolized. The 1922 partition of this region between Germany and Poland led to respective Germanization and Polonization of a population that was typically multiglossic in the creole, in the local Slavic dialect, in standard German, and in standard Polish. Successive dramatic reversals in these policies of Germanization and Polonization between 1939 and 1989 en- sured the survival of a Polonized version of the creole, which the local population perceives either as a dialect of German, or a dialect of Polish, or their own (national) Silesian language. Keywords: dialect continuum, ethnolinguistic nationalism, Germany, Poland, Upper Silesia, Upper Silesian Creole, Silesian lan- guage, [Upper] Silesians 1. Introduction Upper Silesia used to be a peripheral territory lost among forests and swamps. It entered the annals of political history after Prussia had wrenched most of the Duchy of Silesia from the Habsburgs in 1740Ϫ 42, during the First Silesian War. The main territorial prize at the time was Lower Silesia, with its large urban center at Breslau (Wrocław). -
Silesian Identity in the Period of Nation-States (1918-1945); Tożsamość
Bernard Linek State Science Institute - Silesian Institute Silesian identity in the period of nation-states (1918-1945) Abstract: When addressing relations between the nation-state and the region, as well as national and re- gional identities, three categories of identities can be identified in the topoi: the land of the Bohemian Crown, Silesian regionalism and the Pan-Silesian approach. Within each nation-state there were some self-identified ‘true’ identities. These national identities attempted to subdue and engulf the regional identities which stemmed from modern Silesian patriotism, creating borderland identities. They took their final form at the turn of the 20th century and during its first decades. Three aspects are subjected to a detailed analysis: the concept of Silesia’s territory and Silesia’s ‘own’ borders, elements of ‘true’ Silesian identity, and the approach to outsiders. Thus, each ‘National Silesia’ had its own borders, different while overlapping. Their denizens could choose from many identities, similar in every ‘National Silesia’ in only the genetic and struc- tural sense, since their essence was the exclusion of those foreign in the national sense. In the second part, these offers are elaborated in three areas: regional and national symbolism (basing on the naming structure adopted in Czechoslovakian Silesia), places of distinct identity in lead- ing cultural institutions (The Upper Silesian National Museum in Bytom) and the implementa- tion of Silesian regionalism within the Polish educational system. Keywords: gesamtschlesischer Raum, land of the Bohemian Crown, Silesian regionalism, magazines Introductory comments. The objective and the subject matter of the study The division of Silesia, as a result of the Silesian Wars in the 18th century, among two supra-national monarchies had manifold political, social and cultural ramifications. -
Levitsky Dissertation
The Song from the Singer: Personification, Embodiment, and Anthropomorphization in Troubadour Lyric Anne Levitsky Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2018 Anne Levitsky All rights reserved ABSTRACT The Song from the Singer: Personification, Embodiment, and Anthropomorphization in Troubadour Lyric Anne Levitsky This dissertation explores the relationship of the act of singing to being a human in the lyric poetry of the troubadours, traveling poet-musicians who frequented the courts of contemporary southern France in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. In my dissertation, I demonstrate that the troubadours surpass traditionally-held perceptions of their corpus as one entirely engaged with themes of courtly romance and society, and argue that their lyric poetry instead both displays the influence of philosophical conceptions of sound, and critiques notions of personhood and sexuality privileged by grammarians, philosophers, and theologians. I examine a poetic device within troubadour songs that I term ‘personified song’—an occurrence in the lyric tradition where a performer turns toward the song he/she is about to finish singing and directly addresses it. This act lends the song the human capabilities of speech, motion, and agency. It is through the lens of the ‘personified song’ that I analyze this understudied facet of troubadour song. Chapter One argues that the location of personification in the poetic text interacts with the song’s melodic structure to affect the type of personification the song undergoes, while exploring the ways in which singing facilitates the creation of a body for the song. -
Renata Johnson
THE ROLE OF TV GLOBO INTERNACIONAL FOR BRAZILIAN IMMIGRANTS IN SOUTH FLORIDA AND TORONTO ________________________________________________________________________ A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts ________________________________________________________ by RENATA JOHNSON Dr. Bonnie Brennen, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2006 The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled THE ROLE OF TV GLOBO INTERNACIONAL FOR BRAZILIAN IMMIGRANTS IN SOUTH FLORIDA AND TORONTO Presented by Renata Johnson A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts And hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. ___________________________________________________________ Professor Bonnie Brennen ___________________________________________________________ Professor Byron Scott ____________________________________________________________ Professor Ibitola Pearce ____________________________________________________________ Professor Corinne Valdivia To Rogério Jacques de Moraes Everything I do is to honor your memory, my sweet, humble, righteous, caring, patient, supportive, compassionate, bright, jovial, curious, humanist, selfless and present, always present, my dad… meu adorado pai. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my deepest gratitude to Dr. Bonnie Brennen, my committee’s chair and adviser. I had the privilege to have Dr. Brennen as a professor in three classes. Since the first one, a lecture in a large auditorium, Dr Brennen’s teachings have touched my heart and clarified my mind. In her qualitative research classes, she empowers and, most of all, inspires students. It took me three and a half years to complete graduate school. Meanwhile, Dr. Brennen moved to Temple University, where she is currently Vice Provost for Faculty Affairs. Yet, she diligently stood by me, providing prompt feedback, thoughtful suggestions and encouragement. -
The Ulster Scot
win with ‘we are ulster-scots agency (boord o ulstèr-scotch) official publication SATURDAY NOVEMBER 23, 2019 vertigo’ - page 16 All set for Ulster-Scots Language Week is ulster-scots the real star of channel veteran scots language campaigner social media sensation alistair heather four hit sitcom derry girls? billy kay delivers lecture this leid week presents series on young ulster-scots read more on page 3 read more on page 13 read more on page 15 www.ulsterscotsagency.com 2 SATURDAY JANUARY 20 2018 SATURDAY JANUARY 20 2018 2 ♂ ♂ Saturday, November 23, 2019 www.ulsterscotsagency.com 2 SATURDAY JANUARY 20 2018 SATURDAY JANUARY 20 2018 222 wwwwwwwww..ulster.ulsterulsterscotsagencyscotsagency.com.com Fair faa ye A busy time for KirkSASATURDTURDnaAYAYJAJANUNUARARrrYY202020182018a SASATURDTURDAYAYJAJANUNUARARYY202020182018 Fair faa ye WelcoFaFame toirirthe Jafafanuaraya2018yeyeedition of the Ulster-Scot. ScAA buhobusysyoltitiofmemeDafofoncrreKiKirkrknanarrrraa The New Year has been quick to come round and the Leid Week events at UlsteWer Sclcootmes AgtoenthecyJaarnueardeyep2018in pledanitioninn ofg fothreBeUllfastestr-ScBuotrn. s WeWeekWeFairwhlcolco faameicme hyetowi to thllthisthlaee SpecialJaunJanunuchararon Editionyy20182018Janu ofedared Theityitioio22, Ulster-Scot,nnofcuofthlmintheeUlUl atwhichstesteinr-gr- SchasScinotot thbeen..e ThSce winter hoseason hasolbeen a ofbusy Dance BurnThputs eCo togetherNencwerYe tasarwi a hasthguidePhbe toilen Ulster-ScotchCuqunninick toghcoam Leidme, Al WeekroyunBa d/ inUlster-Scotsanand thd ethe periodScScfor -
The Jewess Hana, Or Antisemitism in the Soviet Bloc* Jurij Koch: Židowka Hana [The Jewess Hana] (Ser: Kapsne Knihi LND, Vol
„Narracje o Zagładzie” 2021, nr 1 (7) ISSN 2451-2133 (wersja elektroniczna) DOI: https://doi.org/10.31261/NoZ.2021.07.17 Tomasz Kamusella https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-8352 University of St Andrews The Jewess Hana, or Antisemitism in the Soviet Bloc* Jurij Koch: Židowka Hana [The Jewess Hana] (Ser: Kapsne knihi LND, Vol. 35). Illustrated by K.G. Müller. Budyšin [Bautzen, East Germany], Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, 1963, 114 pp. Abstract: The article is devoted to the first novel of the Sorbian writer Jurij Koch entitled Židowka Hana [The Jewess Hana], published in 1963. Curiously, it contains in its title the ethnonym “Jewess,” which breached the antisemitic line then adopted across the Soviet bloc. Perhaps, this ideological transgression explains why this novel was not translated into German or the bloc’s other languages during the communist period. Sorbian-language novels were (and still are) few and apart, so the East German authorities, for the sake of the official promotion of minority cultures, supported the translation of them into German and other “socialist languages.” But not in this case. The impor- tant work languished half-forgotten in its Upper Sorbian original and in the 1966 Lower Sorbian translation. Only three decades after the fall of communism and the reunification of Germany, the author prepared and successfully published the German-language version of this novel in 2020. While idly reading books published in too little-known languages, one is sure to stumble across a treasure. After the academic year of 2019–2020, which was blighted by the ongoing pandemic, finally came to an end, I spoiled myself with a shipment of nifty volumes in eastern Germany’s Slavic language of Sorb- ian. -
Linguicide in the Digital Age: Problems and Possible Solutions
Ursinus College Digital Commons @ Ursinus College French Summer Fellows Student Research 7-22-2021 Linguicide in the Digital Age: Problems and Possible Solutions Michael Adelson Ursinus College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/french_sum Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Civil Law Commons, Comparative and Historical Linguistics Commons, French and Francophone Language and Literature Commons, Language Description and Documentation Commons, Modern Languages Commons, Other Law Commons, and the Typological Linguistics and Linguistic Diversity Commons Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Adelson, Michael, "Linguicide in the Digital Age: Problems and Possible Solutions" (2021). French Summer Fellows. 3. https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/french_sum/3 This Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. It has been accepted for inclusion in French Summer Fellows by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Ursinus College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Linguicide in the Digital Age: Problems and Possible Solutions Michael Adelson Summer Fellows 2021 Ursinus College Advisor: Dr. Céline Brossillon Linguicide in the Digital Age 1 Abstract Language is perhaps the most fundamental, elemental biological function of human beings. Language communicates emotions, thoughts, ideas, innovations, hardships, and most importantly, is an expression of culture. With languages disappearing at an accelerated rate today, this paper serves to provide insight into the health and status of seven endangered languages and the methods for their linguistic rejuvenation. The languages in question are Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, Irish, Hopi, Navajo, Breton, and Occitan. -
Online Conflict Discourse, Identity, and the Social Imagination of Silesian Minority in Poland by Krzysztof E
Online Conflict Discourse, Identity, and the Social Imagination of Silesian Minority in Poland By Krzysztof E. Borowski © 2020 Krzysztof E. Borowski M.A., University of Wrocław, 2011 B.A., University of Wrocław, 2009 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Slavic Languages and Literatures and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Co-Chair: Marc L. Greenberg Co-Chair: Renee Perelmutter Svetlana Vassileva-Karagyozova Arienne Dwyer Nathan Wood Date Defended: 29 April 2020 ii The dissertation committee for Krzysztof E. Borowski certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Online Conflict Discourse, Identity, and the Social Imagination of Silesian Minority in Poland Co-Chair: Marc L. Greenberg Co-Chair: Renee Perelmutter Date Approved: 29 April 2020 iii Abstract The second decade of the twenty-first century has been that of digital nationalism. In particular, the 2016 United States presidential elections and Brexit vote in the United Kingdom have shown that the increased use of social media has raised popular nationalism (Whitmeyer 2002) to a whole new level. While Europe and other parts of the world have visibly become more globalized, the Northern Atlantic region has witnessed a contradictory tendency for the rise and spread of nationalist sentiment. Much of this phenomenon has been taking place on the internet where conditions of apparent anonymity created a fertile ground for uninhibited identity expressions and performances. From the United States to Poland, people have retreated to their stable, national identities as a way of coping with the various facets of liquid modernity, in which the need for networking pushes individuals to engage in community building by bonding with other individuals through shared emotions (Bauman 2006, 37).