The Erosion of Strategic Stability and the Future of Arms Control in Europe
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Does It Promote Pakistan's Strategic Interests?
07 “Strategic Depth”: Does It Promote Pakistan’s Strategic Interests? : Raheem ul Haque fied Pakistan's insecurity syndrome leading to an illusive In assessing Pakistan's response to the ongoing 'global search for Strategic Depth , third, although it shook the war on terrorism' in Afghanistan, this paper presents two foundations of "Two Nation Theory", Pakistan still began sets of arguments; first, I argue that Pakistan's strategic to drift towards Islamization through invoked fears of interests constituting secure and peaceful borders along 'Hindu India'. All this obliterated Jinnah's vision of liberal, with internal strength, development and prosperity, are secular and democratic Pakistan. Although the process annulled rather than furthered by the Strategic Depth had begun with the adoption of Objectives Resolution in policy framework, adopted and pursued for the last three 1949, anti-Ahemdia riots in 1953, Pakistan's joining of decades. Although this framework has allowed Pakistan anti- Communist block, SEATO and CENTO pacts, how to maintain a semblance of regional military power bal ever, it accelerated through State sanction in post 1971 ance with India, yet it has led to a rise of extremism and Pakistan with the passage of bill (1974) declaring Ahmedis militancy within Pakistani society and to a loss of internal as 'non-Muslim', the religious parties led PNA movement sovereignty. Today, this flawed policy has created condi against the PPP government in March-April 1977 and tions that have made Pakistan a sanctuary for ideologi General Zia- ul Haq's military coup in July—who was quick cal non-state actors. Second, with an in-depth analysis to announce that Pakistan was an 'Ideological State'2, and scrutiny of factors and actors in the three decades thus Jinnah's vision of Pakistan was deconstructed3. -
Pakistan's Future Policy Towards Afghanistan. a Look At
DIIS REPORT 2011:08 DIIS REPORT PAKISTAN’S FUTURE POLICY TOWARDS AFGHANISTAN A LOOK AT STRATEGIC DEPTH, MILITANT MOVEMENTS AND THE ROLE OF INDIA AND THE US Qandeel Siddique DIIS REPORT 2011:08 DIIS REPORT DIIS . DANISH INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 1 DIIS REPORT 2011:08 © Copenhagen 2011, Qandeel Siddique and DIIS Danish Institute for International Studies, DIIS Strandgade 56, DK-1401 Copenhagen, Denmark Ph: +45 32 69 87 87 Fax: +45 32 69 87 00 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.diis.dk Cover photo: The Khyber Pass linking Pakistan and Afghanistan. © Luca Tettoni/Robert Harding World Imagery/Corbis Layout: Allan Lind Jørgensen Printed in Denmark by Vesterkopi AS ISBN 978-87-7605-455-7 Price: DKK 50.00 (VAT included) DIIS publications can be downloaded free of charge from www.diis.dk Hardcopies can be ordered at www.diis.dk This publication is part of DIIS’s Defence and Security Studies project which is funded by a grant from the Danish Ministry of Defence. Qandeel Siddique, MSc, Research Assistant, DIIS [email protected] 2 DIIS REPORT 2011:08 Contents Abstract 6 1. Introduction 7 2. Pakistan–Afghanistan relations 12 3. Strategic depth and the ISI 18 4. Shift of jihad theatre from Kashmir to Afghanistan 22 5. The role of India 41 6. The role of the United States 52 7. Conclusion 58 Defence and Security Studies at DIIS 70 3 DIIS REPORT 2011:08 Acronyms AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir ANP Awani National Party FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas FDI Foreign Direct Investment FI Fidayeen Islam GHQ General Headquarters GoP Government -
Rethinking Strategic Advantages of Air Supremacy in Modern Warfare Revista De Derecho, Núm
Revista de Derecho ISSN: 0121-8697 [email protected] Universidad del Norte Colombia Melamed Visbal, Janiel David New Wars, New Challenges: Rethinking Strategic Advantages of Air Supremacy in Modern Warfare Revista de Derecho, núm. 44, julio-diciembre, 2015, pp. 226-246 Universidad del Norte Barranquilla, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=85141031010 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative artículo de investigación New Wars, New Challenges: Rethinking Strategic Advantages of Air Supremacy in Modern Warfare* Nuevas guerras, nuevos desafíos: Repesando las ventajas estratégicas de la supremacía aérea en las guerras modernas DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/dere.44.7174 Janiel David Melamed Visbal** Universidad del Norte (Colombia) * The following article is the result of research, regarding international security, new wars and asymmetrical armed conflicts, developed within the framework of the “Agenda Internacio- nal” research group. ** Lawyer and holds a M.A. in Government, Homeland Security and Counterterrorism from the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy (IDC-Israel). He is a full time profes- sor within the Department of Political Science and International Relations of the Universidad del Norte (Colombia), and is currently enrolled in a doctoral degree program in International Secu- rity at the Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), through the Instituto Uni- versitario General Gutiérrez Mellado (IUGM). [email protected] / [email protected] REVISTA DE DERECHO N.º 44, Barranquilla, 2015 ISSN: 0121-8697 (impreso) ISSN: 2145-9355 (on line) 226 Abstract The objective of the following article is to conduct an analysis of air power and its role in modern warfare. -
Won't You Be My Neighbor
Won’t You Be My Neighbor: Syria, Iraq and the Changing Strategic Context in the Middle East S TEVEN SIMON Council on Foreign Relations March 2009 www.usip.org Date www.usip.org UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE – WORKING PAPER Won’t You Be My Neighbor UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE 1200 17th Street NW, Suite 200 Washington, DC 20036-3011 © 2009 by the United States Institute of Peace. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace, which does not advocate specific policy positions. This is a working draft. Comments, questions, and permission to cite should be directed to the author ([email protected]) or [email protected]. This is a working draft. Comments, questions, and permission to cite should be directed to the author ([email protected]) or [email protected]. UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE – WORKING PAPER Won’t You Be My Neighbor About this Report Iraq's neighbors are playing a major role—both positive and negative—in the stabilization and reconstruction of post-Saddam Iraq. In an effort to prevent conflict across Iraq's borders and in order to promote positive international and regional engagement, USIP has initiated high-level, non-official dialogue between foreign policy and national security figures from Iraq, its neighbors and the United States. The Institute’s "Iraq and its Neighbors" project has also convened a group of leading specialists on the geopolitics of the region to assess the interests and influence of the countries surrounding Iraq and to explain the impact of these transformed relationships on U.S. -
Ground Electronic Warfare: Background and Issues for Congress
Ground Electronic Warfare: Background and Issues for Congress September 17, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45919 SUMMARY R45919 Ground Electronic Warfare: Background and September 17, 2019 Issues for Congress John R. Hoehn Ground electronic warfare (EW) is a group of programs directed by the Army and Marine Corp Analyst in Military which are designed to effect ground forces use of the electromagnetic spectrum. The U.S. Capabilities and Programs military has several ground EW programs that are used for different missions. These programs can broadly be categorized into counter-improvised explosive device (C-IED) systems, counter- unmanned aerial systems (C-UAS), and communications and radar jammers. Over the past several years, senior leaders in the Army and Marine Corps have testified about the need to improve EW capabilities. Role of EW in Ground Operations EW is a component of modern warfare, particularly in response to threats posed by potential adversaries such as Russia and China. EW refers to operations that use the electromagnetic spectrum (i.e., the “airwaves”) to detect, listen to, jam, and deceive (or “spoof”) enemy radars, radio communication systems, data links, and other electronic systems. EW also refers to operations that defend against enemy attempts to do the same. Ground EW programs have gained importance in an era of “great power competition.” Countries like Russia and China have developed so-called anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) systems, some of which are designed to prevent U.S. military access to radio and satellite communications, and to deny the use of radars for artillery and air defense operations. -
Air Supremacy in US Air Force History, Theory, and Doctrine
A HOUSE BUILT ON SAND: Air Supremacy in US Air Force History, Theory, and Doctrine E. Taylor Francis Major, USAF Air University James B. Hecker, Lieutenant General, Commander and President LeMay Center for Doctrine Development and Education Brad M. Sullivan, Major General, Commander AIR UNIVERSITY LEMAY CENTER FOR DOCTRINE DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION A House Built on Sand: Air Supremacy in US Air Force History, Theory, and Doctrine E. Taylor Francis, Major, USAF Lemay Paper No. 6 Air University Press Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Air University Commander and President Accepted by Air University Press May 2019 and published April 2020. Lt Gen James B. Hecker Commandant and Dean, LeMay Center for Doctrine Development and Education Maj Gen Brad Sullivan Director, Air University Press Lt Col Darin M. Gregg Project Editor Dr. Stephanie Havron Rollins Illustrator Daniel Armstrong Print Specialist Megan N. Hoehn Distribution Diane Clark Disclaimer Air University Press Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied 600 Chennault Circle, Building 1405 within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily repre- Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-6010 sent the official policy or position of the organizations with which https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/AUPress/ they are associated or the views of the Air University Press, LeMay Center, Air University, United States Air Force, Department of Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/AirUnivPress Defense, or any other US government agency. This publication is cleared for public release and unlimited distribution. and This LeMay Paper and others in the series are available electronically Twitter: https://twitter.com/aupress at the AU Press website: https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/AUPress/ LeMay-Papers/. -
Defense Primer: Electronic Warfare
Updated October 29, 2020 Defense Primer: Electronic Warfare Electronic warfare (EW), as defined by the Department of Electronic protection involves actions to protect access Defense (DOD), are military activities that use to the spectrum for friendly military assets. electromagnetic energy to control the electromagnetic Electronic attack uses electromagnetic energy to spectrum (“the spectrum”) and attack an enemy. The degrade or deny an enemy’s use of the spectrum. spectrum is a range of frequencies for electromagnetic EW support identifies and catalogues emissions of energy. EW supports command and control (C2) by friendly or enemy forces to either protect U.S. forces or allowing military commanders’ access to the spectrum to develop a plan to deny an enemy’s access to the communicate with forces, while preventing potential spectrum. adversaries from accessing the spectrum to develop an These subsets of EW often mutually support each other in operational picture and communicate with their forces. operations. EW support uses equipment to assess both Some have argued that EW is a component of anti- friendly and adversary electronic emissions. This access/area denial (A2/AD) campaigns. information can then be used to develop a protection plan to maintain access to the spectrum or an attack plan to deny Role of EW in Military Operations adversaries vital access. Radar jamming (electronic attack) Since the introduction of two-way radios, militaries have can serve a protection function for friendly forces to become dependent on the spectrum. This reliance has penetrate defended airspace, and it prevents an adversary expanded over the past century to include nearly every from having a complete operating picture. -
Air Base Defense Rethinking Army and Air Force Roles and Functions for More Information on This Publication, Visit
C O R P O R A T I O N ALAN J. VICK, SEAN M. ZEIGLER, JULIA BRACKUP, JOHN SPEED MEYERS Air Base Defense Rethinking Army and Air Force Roles and Functions For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR4368 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0500-5 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2020 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface The growing cruise and ballistic missile threat to U.S. Air Force bases in Europe has led Headquarters U.S. -
Protecting US Security by Minimizing the Role of Nuclear Weapons
Blechman and Rumbaugh Protecting US Security by Minimizing the Role of Nuclear Weapons: A NEW US NUCLEAR POLICY Barry Blechman and Russell Rumbaugh MAY 2015 STIMSON | 1 Protecting US Security by Minimizing the Role of Nuclear Weapons: a New US Nuclear Policy This paper was prepared in September 2014 and commissioned by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). It will be published in “Project Atom: A Competitive Strategies Approach to Defining U.S. Nuclear Strategy and Posture for 2025- 2050” (Washington, DC: CSIS, 2015.) 2 | APRIL 2015 CONTENTS Introduction . 5 US Conventional Military Dominance . 5 The Limited Role of Nuclear Weapons . 8 Minimizing the Roles of Nuclear Weapons in US Policies and Those of Other Nations . 12 Contingencies . 19 Conclusion . 23 “After seventy years of indulging fantasies of what nuclear weapons can do, it is high time to acknowledge that they do very little and adapt US nuclear policy, strategy, and forces to those facts.” Blechman and Rumbaugh INTRODUCTION Nuclear weapons remain the most potent destructive force known to humanity . Yet, US nuclear policies and doctrines remain encumbered by Cold War beliefs in the potential utility of nuclear weapons, even though the United States enjoys a dominant geopolitical position in the world, un- derpinned by a conventional military superiority greater than any ever known before . These false hopes that nuclear weapons can play a range of political and military roles in US security policy cause the United States to mistakenly pursue a nuclear strategy that is costly — not only in material terms, but also in geopolitical terms . In the worst case scenarios, this strategy could be catastroph- ic in terms of human lives and the nation’s future . -
Deterrence and First-Strike Stability in Space
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Project AIR FORCE View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Deterrence and First-Strike Stability in Space A Preliminary Assessment Forrest E. -
AIR POWER in the NUCLEAR AGE, 1945-84 Also by R
AIR POWER IN THE NUCLEAR AGE, 1945-84 Also by R. A. Mason AIR POWER IN THE NEXT GENERATION (editor with E. J. Feuchtwanger) READINGS IN AIRPOWER THE ROYAL AIR FORCE TODAY AND TOMORROW BRITISH AIRPOWER IN THE 1980s: The Royal Air Force AIR POWER IN THE NUCLEAR AGE, 1945-84 Theory and Practice SECOND EDITION Air Marshal M. J. Armitage, KCB, CBE, RAF Air Commodore R. A. Mason, CBE, MA, RAF Foreword by Marshal of the Royal Air Force Lord Cameron of Balhousie M MACMILLAN © Sir Michael Armitage and R. A. Mason 1983, 1985 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended). Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First edition 1983 Reprinted 1984 Second edition 1985 Published by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 2XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-38660-6 ISBN 978-1-349-17964-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-17964-0 Contents List of Maps vi Foreword by Marshal of the Royal Air Force Lord Cameron of Balhousie vii Preface to the Second Edition ix Glossary xi List of Abbreviations xiii The Dominant Factor 2 Air Power in Korea 20 3 Air Power in Colonial Wars 46 4 The Air War in South-East Asia 83 5 Air Power in the Middle East 114 6 -
Glenn Snyder's Deterrence Theory and NATO's Deterrence Strategy
Glenn Snyder’s Deterrence Theory and NATO’s Deterrence Strategy during the Cold War (YAMASHITA Aihito) Glenn Snyder’s Deterrence Theory and NATO’s Deterrence Strategy during the Cold War Col. YAMASHITA Aihito Director, Center for Air and Space Power Strategic Studies Introduction The main strategic issues on NATO that the U.S. and Europe faced during the Cold War, when they are marshaled from the perspective of deterrence particularly for Europe, should be summarized as the questions of how to deter invasion by the Soviet Union, how to secure extended deterrence by the U.S., and in particular, how to enhance the credibility of the U.S. deterrence by punishment.1 NATO’s conventional military forces dominated by NATO’s ground troops were extremely vulnerable to those of the Soviet Union, which meant a significant disparity.2 Therefore, extended deterrence by the U.S. was thought to be essential for NATO in order to produce deterrent effect on the Soviet Union in the circumstances of the significant disparity in the conventional military forces dominated by ground troops. However, after the Soviet Union acquired the ability to attack the U.S. mainland with its nuclear weapons (typically represented by the situation of mutual assured destruction), Europe began to doubt the effectiveness of extended deterrence by the U.S. In this context, various theories including “stability-instability paradox” and “entrapment-abandonment” were discussed. 69 Air Power Studies (vol. 6) The concern Europe felt was connected with the controversy over the positioning theory of nuclear weapons in the U.S., that is, how the nature of nuclear weapons should be defined.