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Community-Based Native Seed Production for Restoration in Brazil

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Community-Based Native Seed Production for Restoration in Brazil How policies constrain native seed supply for restoration in Brazil Danilo I. de Urzedo, Robert Fisher, Fatima Piña-Rodrigues, Juliana Freire, Rodrigo Junqueira Large scale International 350 Mha restoration commitments by 2030 Low genetic Native Shortage of diversity and supply seeds poor quality certification or accreditation Transformed local National agencies Seed programs In smallholders or have established tropical countries communities into regulations seed producers Large amount of informal production Tax incentives for forestry sector Law No 5,106/1966 The Brazilian Research funds for Forest Code genetic improvement Law No 4,771/1965 programs Emerging forest seed supply in the mid- 1960s Highly productive wood industry based on exotic Eucalyptus and Pinus species Policies for native seeds 1ST National seed and Crop and exotic tree seedlings law seed supply Law no 6,507/1977 Control production and Ensuring quality for the marketing based on emerging market commercial industry demands Seed quality applicable to agricultural crops Restoration Seed collectors projects and producers Mobilize Associations resources Cooperatives Enhance local Enterprises capacity Knowledge Decentralisation Native seed supply 2000’s: 1st governmental Seed collectors funding and producers Ministry of the Environment Seed testing Government laboratories agencies decentralisation strategy intended devolution of Seed control over the forest resources Networks Researchers Nurseries NGOs Seed Networks • eight seed networks • different Brazilian Biomes • funded: US$ 3.7 million National Seeds and Seedlings System Law nº 10,711/2003 & Decree nº 5,153/2004 Regulations for forest seed production Normative More detailed MAPA + Instruction nº processes for Advisory 56/2011 forest and commission substituted by native seed nº 17-19/2017 • 51 forest species with validated seed testing process Knowledge • 300 forest species with seed testing instructions • 16 labs operate with native and forest Structure seed quality testing bureaucratised • the south and southeast regions of Brazil and • excessive technical procedure Management • administrative process • high costs centralised centralised Native seed production is essentially a community-based activity Advances: Normative Instruction Nº 17-19/2017 Structure Technical Commercial • seed testing in • exemption from • Trade mixed native non-accredited mandatory quality seeds for direct laboratories to be testing for seeding permitted until recalcitrant seed; 2020 • technical assistance beyond forest engineers and agronomists Excessive bureaucratization: key barriers to upscaling seed supply developing restrictive informal countries seeds laws channels collectors and producers are ‘invisible” Biome Formal collectors (n) States (n) Amazon 63 4 Atlantic Coast 129 7 Caatinga 1 1 Cerrado 71 5 Pantanal - - Pampa - - Total 264 14 Seed Networks Expertise related to seed technology and training: change in the • creating technical parameters national environmental law: 50 to 12 Mha • on-line system of information: 10,000 mother trees Unstable Restrictive • training stakeholders: 2,500 people regional regulations restoration for seed markets trade • diagnosing seed marketing Fragmentation Objected Informal commercial operations practices Rio-São Paulo Seed Network 18000 6 Native seed supply Producers 16000 5 14000 12000 4 (n) 10000 3 8000 producer 6000 2 Seed Native seeds supply (kg) supply seeds Native 4000 1 2000 0 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Emergent community-based organisations Commercial seed supply Brazilian international Native Vegetation restoration agreements on Protection Policy target of 12 Mha climate change by 2030 Trust Institutions • general agreements • local arrangements 9.00 Ikpeng Kawaiwete Panará Wauja Yudja Ethnicity Collectors Gender Age (years) Experience in seed collection 8.00 (years) 7.00 6.00 n Male % Female% m 1 STD m 1 STD 5.00 Ikpeng 67 6.0 94.0 36.1 14.1 7.3 1.7 4.00 Kawaiwete 54 37.0 63.0 34.3 15.0 4.1 2.9 Panará 6 - 100 24.8 2.3 5.0 - 3.00 Wauja 40 32.5 67.5 38.3 13.2 4.8 0.8 2.00 Xavante 56 3.6 96.4 40.7 19.2 4.8 1.5 1.00 Yudja 9 66.7 33.3 20.0 6.8 0.7 1.1 Household cash income (thousand US$) Total for indigenous group 232 0.00 19.4 80.6 35.5 14.9 5.2 2.3 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total for Network 385 34.3 65.7 41.16 19.76 5.16 2.74 AWARNESS ABOUT SEED LAWS LOCAL SEED TESTING Yes No Partially 2% 13% 35% 2012 50% PAY FOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT 11% 7% 15% 85% 2015 – RENASEM 82% Early Seed Networks Emerging Seed Networks Main Governmental agencies Non-governmental organisations stakeholders Public universities Governmental agencies Associations and cooperatives Funding Specific governmental announcement Diversified financing projects Seed trade Main actions Seed technology research Community-based organisation Forest seeds commissions Seeds production Training courses Commercial arrangements Outcomes Technical protocols Household cash income Quality control tests Community livelihoods Seed regulations Restoration implementation Workshop on Seeds for large-scale restoration • 69 participants (42.3% women) • 11 countries (72.46% from Brazil) Seed origin and identity Seed collection areas: georeferencing Seed orchards: species that are less available in the seed market RNC must update constantly the species' scientific names Registration of laboratories Universities and research without the current institutes: key role for seed standard requirements quality testing Relaxation of the laboratory accreditation process Alternative seed testing: Purity test and identity faster, cheaper and easier procedures Research to provide technological innovation Foster markets for native Support local, diverse seeds for restoration and small businesses strategic business planning legal restoration requirements access to funding support and investments commercial arrangements with inspections for demanding restoration partnerships governmental plan: purchase seed to Legal improvement should also consider support small farmers and local specific conditions for small producers communities (<500 kg seed yearly) Implications for practice • regulations: native seed for restoration x improved plant material for the forestry industry _ • The identity and origin of native seed = genetic variability in restoration programs; _ • accredited laboratories prevents formal recognition of local native seed suppliers _ • Multiple stakeholder participation in policy _ decision-making processes • Governmental support for structuring market and _ technological innovation. www.sementesflorestais.org www.sementesflorestais.org [email protected].
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