1963 C0NGRESSI0NAL RECORD- SENATE 14807 A. James D. Mann, 839 17th ·Street NW., A. Sessions & Caminita, 917 15th Street Washington, D;C, NW., Washington, D.C. SENATE B. National Association of Motor Bus B. Floyd A. Segel, 215 West Oregon Street, Owners, 839 17th Street ·NW., Washington, Milwaukee, Wis. T UESDAY, AUGUST 13, 1963 D.C. A. Clifford Setter, 55 West 44th Street, The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, A. Morison, Murphy, Clapp & Abrams, the New York, N.Y. and was called to order by the President Pennsylvania Building, Washington, D.C. B. United States Plywood Corp. pro tempore. B. William S. Beinecke, 114 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown A. Laurence P. Sherfy, 1102 Ring Build­ Harris, D.D., offered the following ing, Washington, D.C. prayer: A. Raymond Nathan, 1741 DeSales Street B. American Mining Congress, Ring Build­ NW., Washington, D.C. ing, Washington, D.C. B. Associated Fur Manufacturers, 101 Our Father God, bowing at this way­ West 30th Street, New York, N.Y. side shrine where spirit with spirit may A. Gerald H. Sherman, 1000 Bender Build­ meet, we thank Thee for the ministry A. Raymond Nathan, 1741 DeSales Street ing, Washington, D.C. of prayer through whose mystic doors NW., Washington, D.C. B. Association for Advanced Life Under­ we may escape from the prosaic hum­ B. Glen Alden Corp., 1740 Broadway, New writing, 1120 Connecticut Avenue NW., drum of "day-by-day-ness" and, lifted to York, N.Y. Washington, D.C. a wider perspective, return illumined and empowered. A. National Club Association, 1028 Con­ A. Shipley, Akerman & Pickett, 1366 Na­ necticut Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. tional Press Building, Washington, D.C. As today in the setting of his south­ B. National FHA Apartment Owners Asso­ ern home in the State which gave him A. National FHA Apartment Owners As­ ciation. to the Nation all that is mortal of an sociation. honored Member of this body who fell · A. Mrs. Cornelia Shuford, 400 First Street at his post is laid to rest, and as towering A. National Football League Players Asso­ NW., Washington, D.C. figures thus disappear from our sight and ciation, 19th and Walnut Streets, Philadel­ B. Ladies Auxiliary to Brotherhood of Rail­ phia, Pa. side, we pray that from the cloud of wit­ road Trainmen. nesses which surround us the mantle of those who refused to barter their convic­ A. William R. Noble, 1317 F Street NW., A. Leonard L. Silverstein, 1000 Bender Washington, D.C. Building, Washington, D.C. tions for any price that could be offered B. National Farm & Power Equipment B. Association for Advanced Life Under­ may fall upon the shoulders of all in the Dealers Association, Material Handling writing, 1120 Connecticut Avenue NW., Wash­ Nation's councils who are striving in the Equipment Distributors Association, and Na­ ington, D.C. most difficult and dangerous days the tional Retail Hardware Association. Republic has known to make our free A. A. W. Perdue & Son, Inc., Salisbury, A. James E. Smith, 730 °15th Street NW., land as great in virtue and truth as she Md. Washington, D.C. is mighty in power. B. The American Bankers Association, 12 For Thine is the power and the king­ A. Franklin P. Perdue, Salisbury, Md. East 36th Street, New York, N.Y., and 730 dom, for whose coming we pray. Amen. B. A. W. Perdue & Son, Inc., Salisbury, Md. 15th Street NW., Washington, D.C. A. Peter T. Posmantur, 485 Lexington Ave- A. Milan D. Smith, 1133 20th Street NW., THE JOURNAL nue, New York, N.Y. Washington, D.C. B. National Football League Players Asso­ B. National Canners Association, 1133 20th . On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and ciation, 19th and Walnut Streets, Philadel­ Street NW., Washington, D.C. by unanimous consent, the reading of the phia, Pa. Journal of the proceedings of Monday, A. Wayne J. Smith, 132 Third Street SE., August 12, 1963, was dispensed with. A. Ramsay D. Potts, Jr., 910 17th Street Washington, D.C. NW., Washington, D.C. . B. Legislative Council for Photogram­ B. Investment Company Institute, 61 metry, 132 Third Street SE., Washington, D.C. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT­ Broadway, New York, N.Y. APPROVAL OF BILL A. Graydon R. Powers, Jr., 1735 DeSales A. S. L. Sommer & Associates, 1700 K Street Messages in writing from the President Street NW., Washington, D.C. NW., Washington, D.C. of the United States were communicated B. Association of Maximum Service Tele­ B. Glass Container Manufacturers Insti­ tute, 99 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his casters, Inc. secretaries, and he announced that on August 8, 1963, the President had ap­ A. Robert E. Redding, 1710 H Street NW., A. Steptoe & Johnson, Shoreham Building, Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. proved and signed the act (S. 1122) re­ B. Committee for Time Uniformity, 1710 B. American Claims in Cuba Committee. lating to the exchange of certain lands H Street NW., Washington, D.C. between the town of Powell, Wyo., and the Presbyterian Retirement Facilities A. James W. Riddell, 731 Washington A. Eugene L. Stewart, 1001 Connecticut Corp. Building, Washington, D.C. Avenue, Washington, D.C. B. Entertainment Law Committee, 731 B. Glass Container Manufacturers Insti­ tute, 99 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. Washington Building, ~ashington, D.C. EXECUTIVE MESSAGE REFERRED A. Walter W. Roberts, 1608 19th Street A. David Teetor, 1346 Connecticut Avenue As in executive session, NW., Washington, D.C. NW., Washington, D.C. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ B. Partido Estadista Republicano, San B. National Aviation Trades Association, fore the Senate'a message from the Pres­ Juan,P.R. 1346 Connecticut Avenue NW., Washington, ident-of the United States submitting the D.C. nomination of Maj. Gen. Robert Hackett, A. Royall, Koegel & Rogers, 1730 K Street NW., Washington, D.C. U.S. Army, to be assigned to a position of A. Mrs. Phillip Thorson, 7001 MacArthur importance and responsibility designated B. Pinkerton's National Detective Agency, Boulevard, Washington, D.C. Inc., 154 Nassau Street, New York, N.Y. by the President, in the grade of lieuten­ B. National Congress of Parents and ant general, which was referred to the Teachers, 700 North Rush Street, Chicago, Ill. A. Dwight H. Scott, 425 Park Avenue, New Committee on Armed Services. York, N.Y. B. National Biscuit Co., 425 Park Avenue, A. Gladys Uhl. NewYork; N.Y. B. Citizens for State 51. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE . A. Wilkinson Cragun & Barker, H A message from the House .of Repre- A. Selvage & Lee, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, 1 1616 New York, N.Y. Street NW., Washington, J:>.C. sentatives, by Mr. Hackney, one of its B. The Bo·urbon Institute, 71-1 Third Ave­ , B. Frank B. Rowlett, 143 Chatham Road;- r.eading clerks, communicated to the Sen­ nue, New York, N.Y. Ellicott City, Md. ate the resolutions of the House adopted 14808 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 13 as a tribute to the memory of Hon. Estes EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, entitled: to cast the total number of electoral Kefauver, late a Senator from the State ETC. - votes allocated to that State irl'espective of how many votes may have been cast for of Tennessee. The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ other elector candidates; and The message announced that the fore the Senate the following letters, "Whereas this method of electing the Pres­ House had disagreed to the amendment which were referred as indicated: ident and Vice President is unfair and unjust (H.R. 5555) in that it does not reflect the minority votes of the Senate to the bill to REPORT ON AGREEMENTS UNDER TITLE I OF amend title 37, United States Code, to in­ AGRICULTURAL TRADE DEVELOPMENT . AND cast; and crease the rates of basic pay for members ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1954 "Whereas the need for a change has been of the uniformed services, and for other recognized by Members of Congress on nu­ A letter from the Administrator, Foreign merous occasions through the introduction purposes; asked a conference w~th the Agricultural Service, Department of Agricul­ of various proposals for amending the Con­ Senate on the disagreeing votes of the ture, transmitting, pursuant to law, a report stitution: Now, therefore, be it two Houses thereon, and that Mr. RIVERS on agreements concluded during July 1963, "Resolved by the assembly (the senate con­ of South Carolina, Mr. PHILBIN, Mr', under title I of the Agricultural Trade Devel­ curring), That application is hereby made to HEBERT, Mr. WINSTEAD, Mr. NoRBLAD, Mr. opment and Assistance Act of 1954 (with ac­ Congress under article V of the Constitution companying papers); to the Committee on -of the United States for the calling of a con­ BATES, and Mr. BRAY were appointed Agriculture and Forestry. managers on the part of the House at the vention to propose an article of amendment conference. REPORT ON PERSONAL PROPERTY RECEIVED BY to the Constitution providing for a fair and STATE SURPLUS PROPERTY AGENCIES AND just division of the electoral votes within The message also announced that the REAL PROPERTY DISPOSED OF TO PuBLIC the States in the election of the President House had passed a bill (H.R. 7525) re­ HEALTH AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS and Vice President; and be it further lating to crime and criminal procedure A letter from the Secretary of Health, Edu- "Resolved, That if and when Congress shall in the District of Columbia, in which it cation, and Welfare, transmitting, pursuant have proposed such an article of amendment requested the concurrence of the Senate. to law, a report on personal property received this application for a convention shall be by State surplus property agencies and real deemed withdrawn and shall be no longer property disposed of to public health and of any force and effect; and be it further educational institutions, for the quarterly "Resolved, That the secretary of state be ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED period ended June 30, 1963 (with an accom­ and he hereby is directed to transmit copies The message further announced that panying report); to the Committee on Gov­ of this application to the General Services the Speaker had affixed his signature to ernment Operations. Administration, the· Secretary of the Senate, and the Chief Clerk of the House of Repre­ the following enrolled bills, and they REPORT ON OPPORTUNITIES FOR ECONOMU:S IN CERTAIN AVIATION FACILITIES, U.S. COAST sentatives of the United States and to the were signed by the President pro tem­ several members of said bodies representing pore: GUARD this State therein. A letter from the Comptroller General of s. 874. An act to authorize the construc­ the United States, transmitting, pursuant to "ROBERT HAASE, tion and equipping of buildings required in law, a. report on opportunities for economies "Speaker of the Assembly. connection with the operations of the Bu­ "KENNETH E. PRIEBE, in aviation facility requirements and aircraft "Chief Clerk of the Assembly. reau of the Mint; utilization, U.S. Coast Guard, Treasury De­ S.1032. An act to exclude cargo which 1s partment, dated August 1963 (with an ac: "JACK B. OLSON, lumber from certain tariff filing require­ companying report); to the Committee on "President of the Senate. ments under the Shipping Act, as amended; Government Operations. "LAWRENCE R. LARSEN, . S. 1388. An act to add certain lands to the "Chief Clerk of the Senate." Cache National Forest, Utah; and REPORT ON CONCURRENT PAYMENTS OF UN­ A resolution adopted by the United Steel­ H.R. 2192. An a.ct authorizing the r.ead­ EMPLOYMENT BENEFITS AND RETIRED PAY TO workers of America, Local 6554, of Houston~ mltta.nce of Walter Sowa, Jr., to the U.S. RETIRED MEMBERS OF THE ARMED FORCES Tex., favoring the enactment of civil rights Naval Academy. A letter from the Comptroller General of Jegislation as proposed by the President; to the United States, transmitting, pursuant to the Committee on the Judiciary. law, a report on concurrent payments of un­ A radiogram in the nature of a petition employment benefits and retired pay to re­ from the NATO Parliamentarians Conference, HOUSE BILL REFERRED tired members of the Ar.med Forces, Bureau Paris, France, signed by Crathorne, president, The bill (H.R. 7525) relating to crime of Employment Security, Department of La­ expressing sorrow at the death of the late and criminal procedure in the District bor, dated August 1963 (with an accompany­ senator Estes Kefauver; ordered to lie on the ing report); to the Committee on Govern­ table. of Columbia was read twice by its title ment Operations. and referred to the Committee on the By Mr. SALTONSTALL (for himself CONSOLIDATION OJI' LAWS RELATING TO EASE­ and Mr. KENNEDY) : District of Columbia. MENTS AND PERMITS UPON CERTAIN FED­ A re~lution of the House of Representa­ ERALLY .OWNED LANDS tives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; A letter from the Acting Secretary of the to the Committee on Comxnerce: LIMITATION OF STATEMENTS Interior, transmitting a draft of proposed "Whereas the Civil Aeronautics Board in DURING MORNING HOUR legislation to consolidate and simplify laws Washington has rendered a decision rejecting relating to easements and permits upon cer­ the application of Northeast Airlines for a On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by tain federally owned lands under the juris­ permanent certificate to run commercial unanimous consent, statements during diction of the Secretary of the Interior and flights between Boston· and Florida; and the morning hour were ordered limited the secretary of Agriculture, and for other "Whereas during the past 6 years Northeast to 3 minutes. purposes (with an accompanying paper); to Airlines has operated under a temporary the Committee on Interior and Insular certificate to make this run and has estab­ Affairs. lished a successful operational effort. It now carries 60 percent of all Boston to Miami COMMITTEE MEETING DURING passengers, more than 60 percent of all Boston SENATE SESSION TOMORROW to Washington passengers, and almost 60 per­ PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS cent of all Boston to Philadelphia passengers; Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I Petitions, etc., were laid before the and ask unanimoua consent that the Com­ Senate, or presented, and referred as "Whereas Northeast Airlines is a. definite mittee on Foreign Relations be permit­ asset to the economy of all New England, pro­ ted to meet during the session of the indicated: viding 1,600 skilled jobs, an annual New Senate tomorrow afternoon. By the PRESIDENT pro tempore: England payroll of $13 million and $2,750,000 Mr. KUCHEL. I have no objection. A joint resolution of the Legislature of in annual expenditures for supplies in New the State of Wisconsin; to the committee England; and Has the same permission been granted on the Judiciary: "Whereas because of the fact that North­ for a meeting of the Foreign Relations "Whereas under the Constitution of the east Airlines has been operating under ·a Committee this afternoon, too? United States presidential and vice-presi­ temporary certifl.cate, it has been impossible Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes; that was dential electors in the several States are now for the company to' obtain long-term financ­ done yesterday. elected on a statewide basis, each State being ing thus adding a drain on its resources; and Mr. KUCHEL. · Mr. President, I have· entitled to aa many electors as it has Sena­ "Whe,reas the granting of this permanent tors and Representatives in Congress; and certificate ts- essential if Northeast Airlines is no objection. "Whereas the presidential and vice-presi­ to continue to operate: Therefore be it The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With­ dential electors who receive ·ihe plurality of "Resolved, That the -~chusetts House out objection, it is so ordered. the popular vote in a particular State become· of Representatives hereby requests the Civil 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SEN.ATE 14809 Aeronautics. Board in Washington to r~con­ ability fund -in ac;Jditfonal cases for cert:a,in President is enabled to keep a compre­ sider its decision and. grant to Nortl:least Air­ widows and widowers by eliminating the re­ hending eye on scientific and technologi­ lines the permanent certifl.cate to make th.e quired period of marriage; to the Committee Boston to Florida run; and be it f.urther on Post Office and Civil· Service. cal developments, in and out of Govern­ "Resolved, That copies of these. re~lutions ment, in and out of the United States. be transmitted by the secretary of the Com­ l The Congress has no such help. monwealth to the Chairman and every mem­ RESOLUTION The Congress has no source of inde­ ber of the Civil Aeronautics Board in Wash­ pendent scientific wisdom and advice. ington, and to the Members of Congress rep­ INCREASED · LENDING AUTHORITY Far too often congressional committees resenting the New England States. OF EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF for expert advice rely upon the testi­ "House of representatives, adopted July 31, WASHINGTON-INSTRUCTION TO 1963. . . mony of the very scientists who have CONFEREES "WILLIAM C. MAIERS; conceived the program, the very scien­ "Clerk. Mr. ROBERTSON submitted a reso­ tists who will spend the money if the "Attest: lution .ere gives you a state~man- sequestration. and private companies. All like look. . now will be fully nationalized. Travis T. Wallace, chairman of Great Amer­ ican Reserve. also is chairman of the ex­ It is grand to be with you. r _m:entioned. Owners of shares will be pa.id the nominal all these gentlemen because some of" you value by the Central Bank-up to 1,000 ecutive committee of the American Cancer Society. He says Great American Reserve may be asking right now, "What did you pounds ($2,240) in cash, the balance in 15- come for, HUKPBREY?" year bonds. plans to offer its new policy in other States. Until now only two small insurers, Execu­ Well, the real truth is t~at I just got tive Life Insurance Co., Beverly Hills, Calif., invited. Chuck. Lipsen said, ''Take- your PROGRAM: BEGUN IN 1961 choice. What would you like to do-a film President Nasser inaugurated in 1961 a pro­ and Fortune National Life Insurance Co., that will run 30 seconds or a speech that gram of socialism under which most remain­ Madison, Wis., have offered lower rates to nonsmokers. will run 30· minutes?" And I didn't hesitate ing private property and industry was com­ a minute. r took the speech. [Applause.) mandeered. Estates of more than 100 acres But I want to disavow any intentions-, any were sequestered. As of May 1962, 82 per­ ADDRESS BY SENATOR HUMPHREY political ambitions other than the fact, that cent of business and industry had been na­ BEFORE RETAIL CLERKS INTER- I am here. Somebody said to me, "What tionalized.. The Government owned outright are you coming down. here for? Do you all utilities~ railway&, maritime, bus and air NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, AFL-CIO think it is going to do you any good?" lines, banks and insurance companies. Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, re- And I said, wen, it remfnded me of that One effect of this was to stimulate the cently my distinguished colleague, the story about the fellow that entered his mule emigration of :foreigners and non-Arab mi­ in the Kentucky Derby. Some felfow came nority groups of city dwellers-Greeks, Ital­ senior Senator from Minnesota [Mr. up to him and said, "Good brief, don't you ians, and Jews. HUMPHREY] addressed the 75th anni- know that at the Kentucky Derby they ·have Under the new laws, it was forbidden to versary convention of the Retail Clerks the finest horses in the world, the finest earn more than $11,500 a year or to accumu­ International Association, AFL-CIO. bred, the top runners? Why- that mule of late large stockholdings. Senator HUMPHREY'S remarks to the yours hasn't got a chance. For goodness · The program of Arab socialism has been delegates attending that convention were sake, wh~t are you entering that mule for?" described as ruthlessly cutting down the rich The fellow said, ''I will tell you. I know he and risking all on winning political support of such consequence that they are worthy doesn't have much ot_a chance, but I thought from the great masses of the poor. of thoughtful consideration by the Mem- the association would do him some good." The application of such laws is not always bers of the Congress. (Laughter and applause.] immediately clear. On June 15, a. law na..­ I, therefore, ask unanimous consent, Now I just thought the association with tionalizing the pharmaceutical industry was Mr. President, that the remarks of the the retail clerks would do me some good. So promulgated. A spokesman for the Govern­ distinguished majority whip be printed in _ I thought I would come down here and be _ ment said it did not apply to foreign com­ with you. [Applause.] And I want to pay panies engaged in joint manufacture with the RECORD at the close of my remarks. my respects right now to one o! the truly the Egyptian General Organizations :for There being no objection, the address great men, one o! the outstanding leaders, Pharmaceuticals and Drugs. One of these was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, one of the most gifted leaders of the Ameri­ joint ventures is Pfizer Egypt, 60 percent as follows: ' ca.n labor movement, and I am sure you ~ow owned by Charles Pfizer & Co., of New York. that I refer to none other than the president ADDRESS BT THE HONORABLE HUBERT HUM­ of this great international union, Jini Suff- . PHREY, SENATOR FROM MINNESOTA ridge. (Applause.) LOW INSURANCE RATES FOR Senator HUMPHREY. Thank you very much, He is" a great man. Jim·, we have worked KANSAS NONSMOKERS President Suffridge. r am very pleased to be with you through the years; it has always with my friendi. from Minnesota,, from your been a joy, and you have been a great help Mrs. NEUBERGER. Mr. President, respective locals. I want to pay tribute in to every one of us who walks in what we the tobacco industry remains, for public particular to local 1116 in Duluth, local 2 think is the liberal tradition, in the path relations purposes at least, skeptical of in St. Paul, and of course, there are others. of progressive government. I want to ex­ the evidence relating smoking to disease. There is the Minneapolis local. But we have preSS' now my personal thanks and appreeia­ on the other hand, the insurance in- got a lot of organizing work to do up in tion to the president and officers of this great dustry, which is hardly noted for setting Minnesota. yet and particularly do I want to international, one of the largest and indeed, rates on the basis of insufficient evidence:, salute Jerry Richgels and Elmer Foster and one of the finest and greatest of all in the Ray Allen, and Eugene Johnson and Elwood labor movement. I want to thank you and has apparently concluded that smoking Haynes. express my appreciation for the program tha.t creates a very clear and present danger Let me just pay my respect here to my col­ you espouse, for the stand that you take on to its policyholders. · leagues who are present today. There .are the great issues of our times, for your basic Yesterday's Wall Street Journal re- more Member·s of Congress here than I have decenc.y and your_s .ense of !airplay and your ports that the State of Kansas has ap- seen for some time. [Laughter and ap­ dedication to democratic principles in the proved a nonsmokers' policy issu~ by plause.J labor movement of the United States. We Great American Reserve Insurance co. I know that you have heard a stirring mes- are deeply indebted to you. Thank you very , sage from one of the truly great men of the much, Jim. [Applause.} d its t th k 8 be u n er erms e nonsmo er ne- Government of the United states and of this Now, ·r just took off my watch. ·It doesn't ficiary may get as high as a 20-percent country, and one whose friendship I have mean a thing. It was just hurting my wrist. bonus. Perhaps this wlll encourage been privileged to share and to have as a gift Somebody asked me one time, "Why do you Kansas ladies to seek nonsmoking bus- for 1;h06e many years. And I can think of no do it?" I said, 'Well, it doe.s two things; it bands. man that more honorably and faithfully and sort of terrifies the audience and it reassures 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE 14823 " me, and both of those on some occasions are must see to it that they have a better edu­ not to produce; we try to find out ways we helpful." cation. It is just that plain and simple. do not have to produce in our factories at a I want to talk to you Just a little while There is no ignoring it. And I say to you time when the whole world is crying out for about matters which I am sure everybody dis:. that the American educational structure to­ goods and services. cussed in a much more intelligent and .forci­ day, despite tremendous efforts that have Ladies and gentlemen, this is not only eco­ ble manner than I can, ·but repetition is a been made at local levels of government and nomically wrong, but morally wrong. I say part o.f the process of education. These by individuals and by corporations and by that a nation lives in sin that cannot find great conventions a.re not only .for the pur.;. private gifts and by churches, despite all the genius and the knowhow and intelli­ pose o.f bringing together the leaders of those efforts, my fellow Americans, our edu­ gence to utilize the gift that we have, of unions and locals for the purpose o! dis­ cational structure is in deftcit. It falters. technology and science, the true opportuni­ cussing union business, but the fact that There are too few teachers, too few good ties that we have for good, instead of spin­ you have invited to this platform men of teachers; too few facilities; too few schools; ning our wheels and finding out how to slow public life indicates to me that you a.re full and a tremendous population moving into up what we have created. That is wrong citizens in every sense of the word; that you the university and college area, the likes of and I submit that more important than get­ are interested in your country, you are in­ which we have never known. AB of this day, ting on the moon is trying to find out how terested in the world of which we are a part the 24th day of June, there are 1 million we can move goods and services to mankind and the world that requires our leadership, more 16-yea.r-olds in the United States than to meet the needs of a crying humanity be­ at least our friendly cooperation and assist­ ever before. The war babies are now of age. fore that humanity destroys itself in anguish ance. And I would like to talk to you, not Next year there will be 1,400,000 more 16- and in pain and hunger. [Applause.] about your union business, because you know year-olds than there were this year. Between now and 1970 some 27 million more about that than I will ever know, but What are you going to do about them? Jobs a.re going to be affected by automation I would like to talk to you about our busi­ They want to go to school. They a.re in high and here is what this means: That you a.re ness as citizens and as Americans and as schools and the schools are already bursting going to have to find out how to provide people who have a great responsibility today at the sea.ms and they want to go to the 300,000 jobs every month between now and in a very difficult period of human history. Junior college, community college, regular the foreseeable future. It is just that Everybody in Washington is well aware o.f colleges and the universities, and we haven't simple. [Laughter.] what we call deficits. The columnists write prepared for it and you know it. Now, popu­ However, I want to make it clear that we of deficits. They speak of budget deficits. lation growth is here and it is going to be are going to have to build three new General They speak of the problems of financing our here in the foreseeable future and we had Motors complexes every month between now Government and o.f the possib111ties of infla­ better start making up our mind that we have and 1980 or we are going to be saddled with tion. The word "deficit" has a very definite to do something about seeing to it that the unemployment. This is the simple fact and, meaning to most Americans. It generally re­ youth of this land is given an opportunity of course, you cannot stop automation any lates to a deficit in cash or in income, and in for the best that modern education can pro­ more than you can stop the tides and appar­ the instance of Government, it relates to a vide. ently you are not going to stop the popula­ deficit in the Federal Treasury or a budgetary Let me then offer this suggestion-there is tion. deficit. something wrong with our educational struc­ Therefore, people a.re here. America is a I am not here to say that a matter of this ture when you have hundreds of thousands big country, with a lot of room and it seems nature is of no concern, even though I must of school dropouts every year. And I think to me that we ought to be trying to figure say that .for a growing nation and for a na­ union people ought to be asking the edu­ out what we a.re going to do with our people tion that faces the problem of expansion and cators of America., what is wrong with educa­ and with our resources. employment such as we do, a deficit is not tion when young people find that it doesn't However, let me again drive this home-­ something to be unexpected. Indeed, it is satisfy their needs? And there a.re thousands that between now and 1965 you a.re going something that we :ma.y well face for several and thousands of school dropouts and a mil­ to have 5 million more young people between yea.rs to come. lion of them tooay unemployed. the ages of 16 and 20. What are you going But I want to talk to you about deficits And listen, here is a fact that will sting to do with them? And between now and that we ought to be thinking about even you. . 1970, you a.re going to have to figure out more seriously or at least as seriously as we Of all the young people in America. today how to provide 300,000 new jobs every month. do the fiscal deficit. I would like to speak between the ages of 16 and 20, 18 percent And, of course, how are we going to do it? about the deficits in education; the deficits are without work. And you wonder why they Of course, a shorter workweek is a possi­ that relate to our elderly and their needs; get in trouble? This is tailormade for bility, but further, it requires investment, it the deficits that relate to our youth; and the trouble. requires expansion of trade, it requires a deficits that exist in our employment; and They can't work in their daddy's drugstore whole new idea of economics. It requires the deficits that exist in the fulfillment of because he doesn't own it any more. They the rebuilding of many areas of this coun­ the promise of the Emancipation Proclama­ can't work in their daddy's grocery store be­ try, the expansion of systems of transporta­ tion. Thesb are the real deficits. [Applause.] cause daddy doesn't own the grocery store. tion. Until the people ol the United States un­ He works for Safeway or A. & P. They don't People, of course, say, "How can we af­ derstand that these deficits must be over­ work in their father's blacksmith shop--who ford it?" Well, I don't know, but I know come, then we will never have this Nation wants a blacksmith? They don't work in that we cannot afford to not afford it. Let on the high road to prosperity and progress their father's filling station or garage because me give you the alternatives because I don't that it so richly deserves and which it must many of those are not privately owned any think that people ought to be given easy have to maintain world leadership. more. choices. Everyone who asks me, "How can _ Let me first speak to you of the deficit of This is a different country. I can't remake we afford it?" well, I would in turn ask education. Two out of every three people it, but I know what it is. Most young people them: "How can you afford not to?" I ask who a.re unemployed today, two out of every don't have a chance for work experience any them to think that out and then, when three who are on the unemployment rolls to­ more and they are going to have to get some they have the answer to that, then I, in day, a.re people that have less than a -high of this in school, technical schools, vocational turn, will come back and indicate to them school education. schools, and they a.re going to have to get how I think we can afford to do these things. Now, don't misur, derstand me. I don't some of it on the Job. We had better take a Of course, if this means that we have to say that it requires a college or even a high look at our whole educational structure, be­ revise our tax laws then, of course, I am for school education for a person to succeed. cause something is wrong with it or it revising them. I say to you that we have But, on the average, if you take the big wouldn't be in the trouble it is in today. to do some real fresh thinking in this coun­ picture, and if you remove from that pic­ And then we had better back it up with the try or we are going to find ourselves pinned ture Just those who are so talented and resources it needs. to the wall by our genius of technology and gifted by God Almighty with innate ta.lent, Let me give you another figure that would science. then I think it is fair to say that in the pe­ be of some interest. We have race problems There is still another deficit. I mentioned riod a.head, in the decade ahead, education in the country and, in this connection, we the elderly. Why in the name of common­ is as essential to Job opportunity, to hold­ know that 38 percent of all the Negroes in sense can't the richest country on the face of ing a Job, t(, progressing and growing on that the country between the ages of 16 and 20 the earth provide a decent life and a decent Job, as the breath of life itself. Two out of a.re unemployed and, therefore, I am sure means of livelihood for the senior citizens every three people today without work are that you can see why some of these boys and of this country? There are many of you in people who have less than a high school edu­ girls get into trouble. They are bubbling this audience that have traveled the Scandi­ cation. And of those with a college educa­ over with vitality and they have to express navian countries. Countries like Sweden, tion, the percentage is so insignificant that it in some way. Therefore, what a.re we Norway, and Denmark can see to it that it is hardly measurable. going to do about that? their elderly people are well housed, that I don't say that if you have a college edu­ Also, what a.re we going to do a.bout the they have medical and health care, and that cation you necessarily are a better man. I updating of our education, about recognizing they have opportunity for creative service simply say that your opportunities for your this tremendous :flow of new people coming and some opportunities for creative work. chlldren~now, I am speaking about our into the school system. This also ties in If this can be done by these little countries children, my three sons, my daughter, your with the other deficit of unemployment. with all the problems that they have, then sons and your daughters-I am simply say­ You know, in the greatest nation in the why cannot America do it? ing if they a.re going to do well in the gen­ world we spend most of our time in figuring I think that America, if it is· willing to put erations ahead and the decades ahead, we out how not to do things. We pay farmers its values right, can do it, but as long as we 14824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 1,3 pretend that these problems can be shoved and rural econqmy where they were never tolerance and you know it and, therefore, I aside, just as we are pretending that you can taught anything; people who are coming to call upon this union to lead the fight \n the shove the problems of youth aside, then our great cities, looking f~r employment. AFL-CIO to abolish discrimination. somehow we are never going to get at it. Many of them are Negroes, our friendS, and Sure this may upset old patterns, but this Let me warn you, modern medicine has are people of the Negro ethnic group. What is a time for upsetting patterns. It is al­ made it so that people are going to live do they have when they come here? They ready too late. Further, I call upon you in longer; they are going to live to an older age come here with nothing but injustice heaped your churches, in your clubs and in your and, therefore, you are going to have to do upon them. They come from areas tha·t communities to stand up and be leaders­ something about seeing to it that they will provide separate but equal schools, neither to speak out against the ugly fact of dis­ not merely survive but that they wlll live-­ school systems being up to standard and all crimination; to speak out against it every life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness-­ too often, if you please, many of them with time you have a chance, because then you not life merely as an .existence--not survival no education at all. will be working for your union and your for who desires to merely survive. That is I submit that the first duty of this Gov­ country. hardly a worldly concept for a human be­ ernment is to see to it that those who have It is not good enough, my friends, just to ing-but life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap­ been denied the opportunity of an education, go along and tolerate this because you want piness, to which this country is dedicated. be first given the opportunity of catching up to be a good fellow. The gap in citizenship However, in spite of this, we st111 mess and and catching up in a hurry and, o! course, in this country needs to be closed. Your stumble around with our problems such as they can do it if this Government will co­ Government is spending millions o! dollars medicare. There isn't a person in his right operate, and that also means that you are to close the missile gap and you voted for it; mind who doesn't know that people who going to have to cooperate. your Government is going to spend $35 bil­ reach the age of 60 or 65 have a higher rate Let me then conclude with regard to the lion more to close the space gap because we of illness with a longer duration in the hos­ final deficit, the worst deficit of all. One are in a world struggle with the Communists. pital. Most of all, many of them have a lower hundred years ago this last January Abraham What are you going to do about closing the earning power and some find their earning Lincoln proclaimed the Emancipation Proc­ citizenship gap? When are you going to see power directly cut off entirely. lamation abolishing slavery. It was a prom­ to it that every citizen, regardless of his Now. if some people are opposed to social ise to a whole group of people in this country race or faith, whatever his national origin, security hospitalization and nursing-home that never again would they be second-class has full citizenship? May I suggest that care because they feel that it is not good, citizens; never again would there be two each of the 50 States in the Union could do then what is the alternative? I ask them to kinds of people, but there would only be well to emulate the wonderful example of give me a program that will suffice as one one. This Government has one citizenship the State of Hawaii, which has learned how which will meet these needs of the elderly. for all. That is, you are a citizen of the to live with first-class citizenship. [Ap­ After all, these people are with us now and United States of America and that, of course, plause.] they are entitled to the best that modern is what our Constitution states-that is what You have been a very gracious, considerate medicine and hospitalization can provide. the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments prom­ and kind audience. I have come to you to Further, they are entitled to decent apart­ ise. Therefore. how in the name of con­ speak about what I believe are the real defi­ ments and homes in which to live. You science and humanity and human decency · cits--the deficits that affect our people-­ know that America can afford it and that we did we tolerate 100 years of naked prejudice their education, their health, their Jobs, their should do something about it. [Applause.J and discrimination?. For a century we have welfare and, above all, their dignity. Let me add that any government that is had a group that we call white citizens and We have no right to deny another man that worthy of the trust of the people of this another group that we call colored citizens, which God alone has given him-his self, his country will see to it that these things. are and in various areas of America we have dignity, his own being, his own soul and those done. I know of only one way to keep Amer­ pinned on the backs of those who could who discriminate and practice segregation or ica out of the hands of the destructive radi­ essentially least afford to stand the burden prejudice do not only- do wrong to a man and cals, and out of the hands of the extremists. the terrible injustice and inequality of sec­ human being, but I personally believe that That is for people of good faith, good sense, ond-class citizenship. they likewise do wrong to the Infinite power and good intentions to do the right thing. Ladies and gentlemen, it is all over. I itself. Somebody once said that evil triumphs when think that 1963 wm go down in the annals I believe that the time has now come ( as good men fail to act. That has been the of history just as 1863 did. The proclama­ I said 15 years ago) for the American people trouble all along-we wart too long-we wait tion that was a promise will now be fulfilled. to walk out of the shadows of States rights until the crisis is upon us and then it costs The question is not whether it will be ful­ and to walk forthrightly into the bright sun­ much more than it would have, had we filled, because it will. The question is one shine of human rights and I ask this great planned a little bit. of "when," and I am sure that it will be international to lead the parade; to carry the fulfilled this- year. The only issue is how Many of us know that you cannot operate standards of humanity and of human dig­ this country; that you ·cannot operate this the Congress, the legislators, and the city nity, and to carry those standards high. union; that you cannot operate any business councils and other officials will live up to Thank you very much. [Rising applause.] without long-range planning. Therefore, we their responsibilities under their oath of I must look down the road and ask ourselves office and under the Constitution in order what we are going to do for our young to see to it that at least equal rights privi­ ASSISTANCE GRANT.BY. MINNESOTA leges and immunities are given to every citi­ people who are coming to us in ever-increas­ MINING & MANUFACTURING CO. ing numbers; what are we going to do about zen in this land regardless of race, color or our educational systems which seem to be creed. Further, if the Congress falls, then TO EDUCATION PROGRAM faltering? What are we going to do about we will invite disaster; we- will invite vio­ lence; we will be asking for trouble. Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President~ the our elderly whom we are blessing with long Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. life but with very little living? Then let me Now, the President of the United States ask you, what are we going to do about our has presented to the Congress a minimum today announced its intention of giving unemployed? We know that unemployment civil rights program-not a radical one-not $1.5 million worth of visual communica­ is the most deadly cost that any government an extreme program-but a minimal pro­ tions equipment to schools across the can have. The cost of unemployment, if it gram. Some of us on this platform have Nation. were calculated in lost income; if it were worked toward this for years and I say to The company proposes to provide each calculated. in lost purchasing power; ff it you in all humility, and yet in pride, that I of 500 schools with $3,000 worth of teach­ were calculated in lost manufacturing and sat in on the conferences for weeks to develop lost business, plus the relief costs, would be the program. I now ask your help-ask that ing aids, the schools to be selected on fantastic. you see to it that the Congress of the United the basis of written proposals detailing Every taxpayer and every community pays­ States passes every single proposal that has plans for the use of the equipment. All through the nose and, worse than that, the been presented to it by the President of the schools, both public and private, on all tndividual is insulted by being told that he United States. [Applause.] levels will be eligible f o:r the grants, with is not needed. Don't tell me that if coun­ Surely this union, above all others, can do selection to be made by a committee of tries such as France, Germany, and others it because this union has never known prej­ leading educators and publishers. An­ can provide full employment--nations that udice. You have not indulged yourselves in were battered to their knees less than 20 segregation or discrimination; you have lived nouncement of the awards will be made years ago-America, with her great industrial by the principles of the democratic faith. in December. complex and the most fantastic and efficient You can lead because you have proven your­ -Mr. President~ I believe that the Min­ agricultural economy that the world has selves. We are going to need the help of nesota Mining & Manufacturing ·co. has ever known, cannot provide an opportunity the labor movement because all the labor · set a fine example of social awareness for any individual or person who really wants movement of this country is not cleansed and civic responsibility in making these a job to have it. of this issue. We cannot tolerate in the grants. and it is my hope that other Of course, that may mean retraining and, ranks of organized: labor those who say they in many instances, Just training so that believe in the working people, those who · manufacturers, corporations, and foun­ these people can work. We have many men say that they believe in those who toil and dations will follow the example of Min­ and women today coming up here from other yet discriminate. We cannot tolerate any nesota Mining & Manufaeturing Co. 1n areas of our Nation, from the agricultural form of discrimination or segregation or in- contributing their particular products 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE 14825 and spec-ial competence to the advance­ that will stimulate the interest. indeed fire equipment. For that reason we hope that . the imaginations of our toung people. other manufacturers a.nd foundations con­ ment of education and other µesirable Much has been written and said about cerned with education will c.ontribute their social goals. teaching machines 1n recent: years-much of equipment and support to these selected I ask unanimous consent .that the re­ it creating the impression that machines will schools. marks of Mr. Bert Crossr president of one day make teachers obsolete. :Et is my Such a program will, we. think, accelerate the Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing feeling that we should apply all that modern the acceptance of new methods for teach­ Co., be printed in the body of the RECORD. technology can devise to aid in the teaching ing-methods. which must become common­ There being-no objection, the remarks situation. But I feel strongly that the best. place in our schools of tomorrow if they are were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tea.ching machine ever invented is a good to meet the dual challenge I spoke of earlier. as follows: · teacher. That is, they will be able to transmit the In our free society, where the supremacy most up-to-date knowledge to an increasingly REMARKS BY BERT S. CROSS, PRESmENT, THE of the individual is paramount, we cannot large number of students. MINNESOTA MINING & MANUFACTURING Co., overlook the importance of the individual Tomorrow's schools will be a far cry from AT ANNOUNCEMENT OF AssISTANCE GRANT in our attempts to mechanize our teaching the schools you and I knew. They must be TO EDUCATION PROGRAM, NEW YORK CITY, system. Indeed, the health of our society to keep pace with a fast changing society to AUGUST 13, 1963 depends upon the ability of the individual to reduce the timelag between the discovery The last decade has seen a swift and dra­ explore freely whatever paths of knowledge of knowledge and its inclusion in the curric­ ma tic change of our environment. and accomplishments to which his mind will ulum of the school. Events have whirled abou'j; us at a dizzy­ lead him. The teacher must encourage And we at Minnesota Mining & Manufac­ ing pace, forcing us to rise to new situations, him in that quest. It 1s this freedom of turing Co. hope that our grant program will to accept new challenges hardly imaginable inquiry that sets our education system and further the process along by helping our at the end of World War II. the society it reflects apart from the dogma teachers to discover new ways to meet the The technological revolution has brought of the Communist system. America needs a challenge that has been thrust upon them. with it a great realization that in order to perpetual wellspring of capable, inquiring, meet the demands of a fast-changing en­ well-educated young people to keep our free vironment, it would be necessary to take a enterprise system as the dynamic central hard look at our schools. It became ap­ force ot our so.ciety in the years to come. GIBLS' NATION REPRESENTATIVES parent that the schools of America had to If you'll permit me to use an example that FROM ARKANSAS assume the responsibility of turning out is familiar to me--as the operating head of more and better trained students than ever a growing company that today employs more Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, the before--students who would not only be our than 34,000 people, I am dependent upon the State of Arkansas was very ably repre­ scientists and technicians but students who teachers of America to turn out the kind o! sented at the Girls' Nation which met in would provide this country with able and students we will need to propel our company Washington recently by two outstanding dedicated political, spiritual, cultural, and into the future. young ladies: Miss Carolyn Yeldell of business leaders in an increasingly complex As a company that is investing over $33 Hot Springs, and Miss Polly Rennick of society. million in research this year, we at 3M have a. Brinkley. Miss Yeldell was further hon­ It has become customary to credit the personal, vital interest in the development of launching of the first Russian sputnik wJ..th young people who-well trained in the latest ored by the girls attending the conclave the awakening of Americans to the tech­ scientific methods, will make their contribu­ by being named as their minority leader, nological challenge of the future. The Soviet tions to the development of new and better giving her a major role in guiding the satellite did indeed raise a cry of alarm from products. As a company that must produce group through its week's activities. all parts of the country for a reevaluation of and sell these products, we look to our As you know, the Girls' Nation brings our educational system. schools and to our teachers to send us stu­ to Washington each year two fine young Fortunately for America, the need for dents who can solve complex production women from each State and gives them change had been recognized and acted upon problems and develop creative marketing by leaders within the educational movement programs. invaluable experience in formulating long before it became a matter of public As businessmen we are also vitally con­ their own legislative policy and in the concern. As a result, educators, taking ad­ cerned about the cost of education. In our principles of good citizenship. I would vantage of aroused public interest in educa­ home State of Minnesota, for example, 53.7 like to congratulate these young ladies tion created by sputnik, have given the na­ percent of all local and State taxes collected from Arkansas, both for the qualities of tional mentality a new and clear idea of what go toward education. leadership which they have exhibited is needed in modernizing our teaching · As Minnesota's largest corporation our and for their interest in the program. methods-not just in the physical sciences, share of that tax bill is substantial, there­ but in all areas of learning. fore, we have ample reason for wanting to While we must continually match and get the most value for the money spent. exceed the performance of the Communist As citizens, we have a further concern since A COLLEGE WITHOUT FRESHMEN world in scientific pursuits, as a means of Minnesota's personal income tax, the third OR SOPHOMORES defending our freedom, we must not forget highest in the Nation for the average wage that the very spirit of our freedom is con­ earner, is directed entirely toward the cost Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, Dr. Ar.­ tained in our religious and cultural tradi­ of educating our youngsters. thur A. Hitchcock, executive director of tions. And for that reason, we cannot per­ I am sure that the costs of education in the American Personnel and Guidance mit our educational system to emphasize your communities are just as high, perhaps Association, has kindly brought to my either area to the detriment of the other. even higher. attention an article which appeared in Today there is a general awareness that It is apparent, then, that we all have a the May 1963 issue of the Junior College education in the United States is facing a great stake in our educational system. Journal entitled "A College Without double challenge--burgeoning school enroll­ For these reasons, and because we feel that ment and the need to absorb knowledge dis­ private industry must assume an ever-in­ Freshmen or Sophomores," by Adelaide covered as recently as yesterday. As was re­ creasing responsibility in assisting our edu­ R. Snyder. cently stated: "The gap from idea to practice cators, we are establishing the program we The article tells of the program being is shrinking fast."-Mlss Terry Ferrer, edu­ are announcing here today. carried on at the Florida Atlantic Uni­ cation editor, New York Herald Tribune. We are calling it the Minnesota Mining & versity under the leadership of President The challenge of educating record numbers Manufacturing Co. assistance grant to educa­ Kenneth R. Williams. In reviewing the of students in the complex facts of a swiftly tion program. Its purpose is to encourage article I noted particularly Dr. Williams' changing environment places a heavy respon­ the creative use of effective teaching tools sibility upon th.e teachers of America. in the schools. comments as quoted by the author with It is the teachers who must assimilate the The grant program wlll establish 500 teach­ respect to the average student. The par­ latest knowledge in. their fields and pass it ing laboratortes in schools from coast to agraph reads: on in a stimulating fashion to-their students. coast. These schools will become model in­ This does not mean that only the excep­ Textbooks once regarded as basic are quickly stallations for the Minnesota Mining & Manu­ tional above-average student will be selected made obsolete. Facts that were once com­ fact_uring Co. visual communications system. for Florida Atlantic University. Dr. Williams mitted to rote must be reevaluated in terms Principals from every primary, secondary. feels that many so-called average students of modern findings. school and college in the country will be in­ have simply not been challenged, and his Teachers can no longer lean on the com­ vited to make application for one of the goal is "to make learning so exciting and so f ertable facts of rules of yesterday. Rather grants. The winners will be distributed geo­ creative that young men and women will they . must cond.ition their students in the graphically so that every State will have rise above their previous standards. We can­ thinking of today Which will lead to break­ model. laboratories. not afford to waste any of the brainpower throughs of tomorrow. In order for each of these schools to truly - of our young people if. we a.re to win the It is the teachers who must o.rganize. and ; b_ecome a laboratory-a showcase for other struggle now going on in the world for the communicate their knowledge to the stu­ schools to emulate-.:-they ca~not be restricted minds of men. Florida Atlantic University dents. And they . must do it in a manner to Mlnnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co. wni work to 'cre~te a climate in ~hich each CIX--933 14826 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 13 young man and women will find his best ter, the automated library, and the educa­ As the 2-year community college continues avenue of achievement." tional television studios. Through automa­ to gain in stature and to broaden its role tion, more information will be available to in the total educational complex, the devel­ I heartily echo the sentiments of Ken­ students at a faster pace than is possible opments taking place at Florida Atlantic neth R. Williams as I have frequently in­ under conventional library methods. In ad­ University may well establish the pattern dicated in our hearings on the Presi­ dition, video and audio tapes, programed for the next major trend in higher educa­ dent's comprehensive education bill. I instructions, recordings, and other aids to tion-the 2-year upper-division university feel that many Senators might find the learning will be available to students both and graduate school. for class use and for individual study. article of interest and, therefore, I ask Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I com­ unanimous consent that the article be "We anticipate a mature student body who come to us because they want to learn," Dr. mend Miss Snyder and Dr. Williams upon printed at this point in my remarks. Williams points out. "With 2 years of col­ this exposition of the Florida Atlantic There being no objection, the article lege successfully completed, most of the University program. I also wish to thank was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, students will have their educational goals publicly Dr. Hitchcock for having as follows: well-established. We intend to provide them brought it to my attention. A COLLEGE WITHOUT FRESHMEN OR SOPHO­ with rich learning resources and to en­ MORES-FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY courage them to move ahead at as rapid a BUILDS ON THE JUNIOR COLLEGE MOVEMENT rate as they are able. We are creating a PROPAGANDA center for learning rather than a facility for EDITORIAL (By Adelaide R. Snyder) teaching, and we want each of our graduates Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, there Florida Atlantic University, currently in to achieve depth in his area of specialization was published in the Oregon Labor Press its planning and construction stages in Boca and breadth in his awareness that all of July 5, 1963, an interesting editorial Raton, Fla., wlll be the first institution of knowledge is interdependent." higher learning in the Nation to forgo its This does not mean that only the excep­ which concerns itself with disclosures by own freshman and sophomore years, thus tional above-average student will be selected the Senate Committee on Foreign Rela­ acknowledging the major role of junior col­ for Florida Atlantic University. Dr. Williams tions about the abuse of rights and privi­ leges in the education of the Nation's youth. feels that many so-called average students leges of a free press. The editorial is Newest in the Florida system of State uni­ have simply not been challenged, and his entitled "Dirty Linen," and I ask unani­ versities, Florida Atlantic University will goal is "to make learning so exciting and so mous consent that it may be printed in offer only the junior and senior years of the creative that young men and women will the RECORD. undergraduate program and graduate studies rise above their previous standards. We can­ in selected areas. It will draw the bulk of not afford to waste any of the brainpower There being no objection, ·the editorial its students from Florida's outstanding of our young people if we are to win the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, system of 29 public junior colleges which struggle now going on in the world for the as follows: already bring the first 2 years of college minds of men. Florida Atlantic University DIRTY LINEN within commuting distance of over 60 per­ will work to create a climate in which each Senate Foreign Relations Committee hear­ cent of the State's high school graduates. young man and woman will find his best ings last month disclosed how certain news Florida Atlantic is located on the populous avenue of achievement." wire services have abused the rights and lower east coast of Florida and is, itself, The academic program at Florida Atlantic privileges of a free press and of how Madison within an hour and a half drive from five University will center around the humani­ Avenue image merchants fed large doses of a junior colleges, including those of Miami, ties, the social sciences, and the natural sci­ foreign dictator's propaganda to unsuspect­ Palm Beach, and Fort Lauderdale. ences and mathematics. Deans of these areas ing American newspaper readers. The need for another State university to will supervise both the upper-division under­ Purpose of the hearings was to determine serve the southeast coast was confirmed by graduate program and graduate studies as how much paid-for foreign propaganda ap­ a 1956 statewide study. A planning commis­ they develop in each area. Institutes in pears in the American press without the sion laid down the guidelines within which teacher education, in business, and in en­ public knowing its origin. the new university would be developed. gineering are planned. The hearings revealed that the old Inter­ In accepting the post of president in July Students preparing for teaching careers national News Service (INS), a Hearst orga­ 1962, Dr. Kenneth R. Williams also accepted will earn the bachelor of arts or of science nization, had a special service department for a clear mandate to develop a unique institu­ degrees with majors in their teaching field nonnewspaper clients through which it re­ tion, unlike any other in the Nation. Florida and will take professional courses in the in­ ceived $6,000 from the former Trujillo dic­ Atlantic University is scheduled to open on stitute. This follows the basic philosophy of tatorship in the Dominican Republic for the trimester system in the fall of 1964 with the university which emphasizes the need for turning out a series of articles on Commu­ a student body of 2,000 and a faculty of excellence in subject areas and acknowledges nist and anti-Communist activity in Latin 165. Faith in this new concept of higher that today's elementary and secondary America. The material was distributed to education, an upper-division senior uni­ teacher must be able to lead pupils down the newspaper clients of INS as "news." The versity, was confirmed by recent action of much broader paths than ever before in order object was the gilding of Trujillo's public the board of control (governing body of the to prepare them adequately. image as a stanch anti-Communist, a fac­ Florida university system) which recom­ With learning thus emphasized and given tor that was supposed to obviate the fact mended that another university be pro­ the glamour treatment at Florida Atlantic that he was a scoundrel. jected at Pensacola, Fla., for opening in 1965 University, athletics will be correspondingly Also exposed by the Senate committee and that it, too, be an upper-division insti­ deemphasized. There will be no intercollegi­ were the machinations of Trujillo's press tution. ate competition in team sports such as foot­ agents in getting an editorial praising him A close working relationship is being de­ ball, but there will be strong programs in published in hundreds of U.S. newspapers. veloped with the Junior colleges to assure swimming, tennis, bowling, golf, and other It described his regime as "a bulwark against that their programs and the Florida Atlantic recreational sports with a strong carryover communism, widely cited as one of the clean­ University courses will dovetail and make for adult life. Extracurricular activities will est, healthiest, and happiest countries on the for a smooth transition for students. Task center around academic areas and cultural globe." forces are coordinating curriculum planning programs. The editorial was written by a public rela­ in all subject areas, and Joint committees The scheduling of classes and of facilities tions firm that received half a million dollars wlll soon be established in the fields of of the learning resources center will be de­ annually in fees from the Dominican Repub­ guidance and counseling also. signed to interest commuting students in lic Government. By paying only a $175 fee, The same cooperation is being developed remaining on campus for a full day's pro­ the Trujillo imagemakers were able to have with private Junior colleges. Marymount, a gram. The campus is designed to accom­ the piece distributed to a nationwide mailing 2-year liberal arts college for women, con­ modate a 20 percent resident population list of newspapers by one of the firms that ducted by the Congregation of the Religious with 80 percent of the students driving in supplies "canned" editorials ·free to editors. of the Sacred Heart of Mary, will open in from a five-county area. There will be stu­ These "snow job" operations are financed by the fall of 1963 at Boca Raton. Already Dr. dent study offices available to the commuters fees from clients whose viewpoint and self­ Williams and Mother de la Croix, head of to give them a place of their own. interest are promoted in the editorials. Marymount, have pledged mutual coopera­ Currently under construction on the 1,200- While paying lip service to the qualities tion. Facilities of Florida Atlantic University acre campus, just 2 miles from the Atlantic of individuality and independent thinking, are available to Marym.ount, and on its part, Ocean, are five buildings totaling $5.3 mil­ many editors use canned editorials because the junior college has promised to welcome lion. Scheduled for construction during the it relieves them from the weary chore of Florida Atlantic University students who 1963-65 biennium are additional facilities at thinking, or from having to hire an editorial need additional preparatory work on the a projected cost of $10 million. writer. Presumably these editors are sophis­ freshman and sophomore level. Enrollment will double in 1965 with 4,000 ticated enough to know that anything they A second major departure from tradition students and a faculty of almost 400. By get free is propaganda paid for by the edi­ will be Florida Atlantic University's em­ 1970, Florida Atlantic University will reach torial service's clients, but they use the mate­ phasis of directed individual study through a student body of 10,000 and a faculty of rial anyhow. And the reader thinks the the use of modern technology. Heart of the 600. Total facilities could eventually house "snow job" editorial is the original product campus will be the learning resources cen- 25,000 students. of the local editor's thinking. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 14827 (Organized labor is a. favorite target of the occasion. The last time, as Jim said, was scholarship fund to inspire young people to business-financed propaganda factories. One, in 1955 in New York. get an education. This, I want to say, is E. Hofer & Sons, is located in Portland, from I notice. by some of the speeches I have unionism at its best. which it blankets the Nation's press with a been reading that Jim Suffridge 1a being So your progress is due in Iarge pa.rt to the weekly envelope full of editorials. The com­ claimed. li>y some other States. I saw where fine leadership and to the membership tha.t pany is bankrolled by various reactionary­ Senator KtrcHEL was out here speaking and you ha~e. I want to say that your progress thinking businesses.) he said he'. was especially glad to be here be­ is also an Important sign of the vast, changes Another phase· of the Senate committee cause Jim Is ·from California. · that have taken place in the last few yea.rs hearing dealt with United Press International But Jim is one of the finest citizens we a.nd that a.re continuing to take place in our (UPI), the product of the 1958 merger of have ever produced from the Volunteer State economy and indeed in the entire frame of United Press and INS. 'UPI also has a special of. Tennessee, and we are proud of him, as our lives. service department that:. assignS' the news. you are. As Margaret Mead has so wisely observed, agency's reporters to gather material for I heard that Joe Desilva tried to top Sen­ "The most vivid truth of our age is that no public relationS' firms, business firms, and a.tor KUCHEL by also claiming Jim as a Cali­ one wm live all his life in the world into other nonnewspaper clients. UPI denied fornian. Well, Joe is always bright and im­ which he was born, and no one will die in flatly that any of the material compiled at aginative and doing things in a way to credit, the world in which he worked in his the request of nonnewspaper clients iS' dis­ what Tennessee does a.nd he 1s my old and maturity." tributed as newS' on its wires. But this de-· good friend. In the American society of 75 years ago, nial doesn't deodorize- the practice. I have. been reading the program that you when this organization was founded, farm­ Senator WILLIAM FuLBRIGHT, chairman of have had at this very wonderful convention. ing was the primary way of life. Many fami­ the committee, sharply questioned the blur­ I see where you have had almost every Mem­ lies represented largely self-sufficient eco­ ring of the lines between legitimate news ber of the U.S. Senate, or at least some of nomic units; they grew their own food and gathering and editorial writing and the gim­ the very best ones. I guess your convention made their own clothes. What little they micks that have been developed to slip spe­ is, the reason we haven't been able to get a bought, they most likely got from a general cial interest propaganda into American news­ quorum in the Senate for some 10 days. store with a. limited stock a day's buggy ride papers without the readers· be:fng aware of l Laughter and a.pplause.] awa.y. what is going on. And I am happy to be here with my good Today ow.- way of life ls primarily urban. Press AssoeiateS', Inc., a newS" service f'or Dliinois congressional friend, KENNETH GuY. Only about 11 percent of our people now labor newspapers, said' Senator FuLBRIGHT's I. didn't get here in. time to hear his speech. live on farms, and that, proportion is less comments constttuted a severe indictment In case you didn't know it, he is not only a. than half. what it was in the 1930'a.. But of American newspapers that ares wtlling to good Congressman. and a,. fu:le speaker, but whether we live in the cf.ty or on the farm, turn their eoiumnir over to the unidentified he. is the best magician we ha~e in the Con­ lwwe.verp we now buy virtually all of the ne­ and raw propaganda of private agencies. gress and one of the best in the country,. cessities, and social amenities of life in the Even Editor & Publfsher, the trade maga­ The fact is that I am sort of an amateur marketplace. zine of the newspaper industry, voiced con­ magician myself I can make a rope disap­ And what of the dimensions, arut nature of cern over the damage the public relations­ pear. And KEN and I sometimes put on per­ that marketplace? The general store, if it sponsored practices have dealt to freedom of formances together. Maybe you will give us exists at all, 1a a curtosicy of the past. Its information. The trade magazine com­ the chance to perform the nex.t time you place has been taken by a vast assortment of mented: "You canrt blame a Government offi­ invite us. · retail outlets:---,supermarkets, discount cial now if he refuses to talk unless he's I think it is. wonderful that you are. cele­ houses, huge' drugstores that sell everything given some guarantee he's passing informa­ brating your diamond Jubilee convention. :from aspirin to automobile tires. tion to a legitimate newsman and not to an Seventy-five years is a long time in this age. No longer is the marketplace bounded by intermediary for a foreign dictator's press· Seventy-five years ago there were more horses the limits of a city, a State, a nation, or even agent.'' than horseless carriages. For one who can a hemisphere. As many of you know, today's Almost as disheartening as the disclosures remember that far back, like my good friend shopper can walk into almost any store a.nd themselves has been the. rack of publfclty Jim Suffrfdge, It rs difficult to imagine that comparison shop not just among two or more given by the press to the sins of its own in­ in the lifetime of younger folks such as American-made products in the. same line dustry. Newspapers never hesitate to point Chuck Lipsen and myself that daily trips to but also among many· competing products a finger at the malfeasances- of others-and the moon may become commonplace. made in the Far East or Europe or, in some seem to have an affinity for putting union Almost everywhere you look there ls a re­ cases, Latin America. officials" woes on page I-but apparently markabre change. Take thfs very union, for The impact of these changes is, being :felt they prefer to bury their own dirty linen deep example. When Jlm Suffridge took over as e-verywhere. Bu.t in many areas it is not be­ in the hamper of unpublished news. president in 1944, it was relatively small. I ing dealt with as it should be. I know that Just want to say parenthetically that this is all of you are fa.mlliar with the Federal­ a fine example !or people to follow in con­ State local program of vocational education nection with the U.S. Senate. I just hope in our public. schools, particularly that part ADDRESS BY THE LATE SENATOR the fine delegation here from Tennessee and having to do with the distributive trades. A KEFAUVER BEFORE RETAIL all the retail clerks who have been so very Presidential panel which studied. this pro­ CLERKS INTERNATIONAL ASSO­ wonderful to me in my campaigns will re­ gram recently reported that we are far be­ CIATION, AFL-CIO member I want to be In the Senate as long as hind in training and retraining our people Jim has been president of the Retail Clerks adequately for our changing world of work. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, at the. International. In one study of more than 3,700 high recent; 24th quadrennial convention of Today yours is the sixth largest affiliate of schools, only 5 percent offered distributive. the Retail Clerks International Associa­ the AFir-CIO- and the largest organization in education courses. Another study revealed tion, AFL-CIO, in Chicago, my good the world exclusively for retail! employees. that ou.t of every 200 persons employed in friend and late colleague, the able senior I saw where the Ford Founda.tion says that wholesale and retail trade, only 1 had re­ you will soon become the flrst or second ceived any formaI training in that field. I Senator from Tennessee,. Mr. Kefauver~ largest union In the AFL-CIO-, and I expect would recommend that some of you get to presented some illuminating and star­ they are right. This not only speaks elo­ the members of the schoolboards In your tling facts which merit the attention of quently for the fine organizing work of your communities. Moreover, federaliy assisted us all. leadership and the attraction that your high programs of distributive education are still Therefore, Mr. President, I ask unan­ standards and your goals have for those in limited to those in which students receive imous consent that Senator Kefauver's retailing. It also speaks well of the fine or­ a. part of thefr instruction in an actual Job; ganization that you have. address be printed. in the RECORD at the no preemployment programs are aided by There never has been any rumor of any Federal funds. I think that they should be. close of my remarks. It is a fitting re­ dishonesty or any shortcuts among the mem­ I think that we are missing a bit ff we do minder of the statesmanship of this bers of this organization. Jim Suffridge has not tailor these programs to fit ·.,he need as great Senator who has been called from given you excellent leadership, as have your well as the opportunities for trained people us. other officers. in reta111ng. There being no objection, the address I have observed that in your local organi­ The demand for such people is expanding. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, zations you bave excellent leadership, not And, as the Presidential panel points out, only teaching your people to be good mem­ graduates of these programs are less lik·ely to as follows: bers, but to do a good Job in salesmanship, be be unemployed; the; do in fact work In the ADDRESS OF THE HONORABLE ESTES KEFAUVER, good citizens in the community, and take occupations for which they prepare; and the U.S. SENATOR FROM TENNESSEE part in political activities, whatever their training they receive increases their subse­ Senator KEl'Atrvn. President Jim Suffridge convictions may be. In that regard I want quent earnings. and distinguished o11lcers and delegates to say that Chuck Lipsen has done a very I know that you, your locals, and yol!lr na­ to this excellent convention of the Retail good job in helping direct this part of your tional organization wm do a great deal to Clerks International Assocfation, I want you activity. try to teach and to show the members of to know that I was highly honored to be I think it is typical of your great organiza­ your organization to be good salesmen; how asked to be with you again. This is my third' tion that you have the Ja.meS" A. Suffridge to be fair to the customer; how to know the 14828 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 13 commodities you are selling so you can ex­ I think the package ought to contain in­ name would cost you about $39.50 per thou­ plain them; but I do think that educa­ formation which will enable the customer to sand. tional programs in the distributive field sensibly decide what she wants to get and We are making great strides in many places would also be of great value. where she is getting the beet purchase. This and getting people, States, and hospitals to From the other side of the counter, the is all the truth-in-packaging bill provides. buy by generic name. However, some drugs consumer's side, there is also a need for ac­ I am happy to say this measure has been are patented. In that case, whether the tion at the Federal Government level. Busi­ favorably reported on by our Antitrust and generic or trade name is used, the price is nessmen have their Department of Com­ Monopoly Subcommittee. I would urge you just the same. For example, it costs about merce; workers have their Department of to give it your favorable consideration. 1 cent to make antibiotic tablets according Labor; and farmers, though their number In discussing the many changes that have to Pfizer. This product is sold to the drug­ is dwindling, still have their Department taken place in our way of life over the years store for about 27 cents. However, you pay of Agriculture. one cannot overlook the fact that we are 50 cents for the same tablet. Incidentally, Yet, nowhere in the Federal Government living longer and, of course, in relation to they are selling the same thing, even though is there any official, independent voice for this, we can consider many things: better made here, in some foreign countries for very the consumer-and that term applies to just food, better medical care, better housing, much less. about everybody these days. better and safer drugs. I am in favor of people having protection When the Interstate Commerce Commis­ As you know, because many of you helped in connection with patents; by the same sion makes a decision on railroad rates, or to get it through, the last Congress ena.cted token, I think the health and the welfare the Federal Power Commission on gas rates, a very important piece of drug legislation of our people ought to have some considera­ or the Federal Trade Commission on an un­ that has become known as the Kefauver drug tion. fair trade practice, or the Federal Communi­ law. This law does many things that ought I have introduced a bill concerning the cations Commission on telephone rates, all to result in better, safer, and more effective markup. If markup ls more than 500 per­ of us as consumers have a direct stake. How­ drugs. cent--five times the cost of production plus ever, the trouble is that these agencies do not It imposes strict rules on factory inspec­ allocation for research, plus overhead, plus speak for the main consumer. The trouble tions and manufacturing quality. It re­ everything else-and they continue to insist is that these agencies have gotten to be ref­ quires new drugs to be effective as well as on selling it for more than 5 times the cost, erees between big contesting corporations safe. It gives the Food and Drug Adminis­ then the bill provides for cross-licensing so without very much regard to what effect it is tration greater latitude in considering new that other manufacturers can compete upon going to have on the consumer. drug applications. It requires that the in­ paying an 8-percent royalty. I a.m sponsoring a bill, along with 27 other formation which drug manufacturers put out The United States, Pana.ma, and Brazil Senators, to establish a consumer council. to physicians about drugs be more honest a.re the only free nations in the world where The idea. would be that consideration would about their harmful side effects, as well as there is not some way of getting drugs to be given at the top level of Government to their helpful properties. people that need them, where the price is the points of view of the consumer. The Our committee received more complaints unreasonable, or where they are not being viewpoint will be given before the regulatory about the unreasonableness of prescription P..roperly distributed. agencies, before the committees of Congress price than anything else. Drugs that would Now then, before closing, I want to touch and even in the courts. What effect action cost 50 cents for a person who would have on two matters that I know are of interest by these groups will have on the consumer to take several a day, maybe for arthritis, to you. will be presented. Here a record would be would be less to other individuals. There has been an effort for quite a long built that actually would help the consumer. We found that by whatever test you made, time to put the labor people and organiza­ It would be intended that this be a clearing­ tions under the antitrust laws. It sounds whether by cost of production, whether by simple, easy, and extremely reasonable to house for consumer activities throughout the comparison with what drugs sell for in other Nation. say that we wm Just put the unions under countries or by the way that the Government the antitrust laws and there are some bills There are other bills intended to help the and the States purchase them, there wasn't consumer and the public which I think ought before the Judiciary Committee for the· pur­ any reason whatsoever for any of these drugs pose. I don't think that the public gen­ to be passed and some of which I know have being as high priced as they were. I am been described here. I am sure that the great erally recognizes what that would mean. sorry to say that while some of them have The antitrust laws were not made to apply Senator from Illinois, PAUL DoUGLAS, told you come down many of them stlll are high priced a.bout the truth-in-lending bill. to a man's labor. A ma.n's labor, his activity and unreasonable. and work, is not a commodity in commerce. Somebody selling on credit or on interest Anyway, we did enact a drug law that has should be willing to let you know how much That has always been the history and the some very good features in it. For instance, attitude that we have taken. interest they a.re really charging. I know it whereas medicine given to animals is re­ is not a very difficult matter to know. Furthermore, 1f you simply applied the quired to be effective, medicines prescribed antitrust laws to labor, that would mean A lot of people buy things by paying ex­ for individuals might not contain anything orbitant rates of interest and may not even two people could not get together in a con­ effective or worthwhile at all. For example, cert of action for the purpose of trying to know that they are doing so. This is Just a if it were pure and would not kill you, such matter of being fair and open and honest get better working conditions or better as a glass of water with a little coloring in it, wages. I don't want any part of that in­ with the customer. These days, if you are it could be sold as medicine. like I am, most everything of any importance sofar as I am concerned. The labor move­ We found that factories were not being ment is not going to be destroyed by plac­ you purchase is on the installment plan, inspected and that some manufacturers where we pe.y interest. ing it under the Sherman or Clayton anti­ would not allow them to be inspected. We trust laws. [Applause.] Another bill of great importance is the also found that there were a lot of bathtub I also noted there ls a great deal of interest truth-in-packing bill, Which is largely spon­ operations and so now all manufacturers in the so-called right-to-work laws that too sored by Senator HART, of Michigan. have to register before they go into business. many of our States have. For my part, I Unfortunately the supermarkets of today We found also that many of the companies voted against the Taft-Hartley Act. ( Ap­ do not have enough people in them to explain were not correctly stating what a drug would plause.] I voted to strike out the provision to the housewife the selections she has in do and that in many cases the side effects that would allow States to have right-to­ corn flakes or in the various other com­ might result in cataracts or even in death work laws. [Applause.] There is still a modities on the shelf. The container is under some circumstances. Of course, in lot of interest in that in the Congress of largely the salesman in many of these super­ many cases, some of the additives contained the United States. markets, and yet we find the number of therein were not stated in the advertisements Now, thi:3 matter of right to work may ounces a bottle contains is written in such pertaining to the various drugs. Well, this sound pretty good. Of course, everyone likes fine print that nobody can see it. We find, has now been corrected. to have a right to work, but this is really in connection with cereals and insecticides We also require that the generic name pe just another effort to make it very difficult and many other things, that about half the in type half as large as the trade name and for you to organize, to suppress labor orga­ package contains air. that, of course, is very important relative to nizations, to have different rules applicable One manufacturer, for instance, will make the purchasing of drugs. Do you know that in different States even though they might a large pe.ckage and have it two-thirds filled you can get your doctor to prescribe some be the same manufacturing plants and to and the rest wm be empty. Then another, in drugs by generic name, such as Prednisone, allow some to get a free ride even though order to keep pace and not be taken advan­ which is for arthritics. That is the generic they contribute nothing in the way of or­ tage of, will sometimes have to do the same name. The cost to you will be about 2 cents ganization and anything in the way of dues. thing. a tablet. However, the very same material, If I were a member of a State legislature, I We have a "5 cents off" but it doesn't say when purchased by its trade name from one would certainly vote against a right-to-work what it is off of. of the larger companies, would cost you law in that State. [Applause.] We have a big gallon and yet I believe that 20 or 28 cents per tablet. I think the Congress could do more or every gallon is just about the same. Some of you who have high blood pressure better work if we had better information and We have 3¾ ounces for 69 cents and 5.2 purchase Isuprene, which is the generic name 1f we had better people and teamwork be­ ounces for 97 cents. You would have to of the drug. You can get a thousand tablets tween· the legislative and executive branches. have an IBM machine to figure out which for $1.50. However, the very same material I would like to tell you about another effort one you were receiving the better buy on. purchased at the same place by the trade that some of us are interested in and that 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ·-· SENATE 14829 ls that at the present time we all serve on lay before the Senate the unfinished entirely from the budget document or in­ two committees 1n the Senate. I cannot business, S. 1321. cluded only, in a partial and superficial even keep up with what is going on 1n these The PRESIDING OFFICER.. The bill way. two committees let alone know about ,For­ eign Relations, Commerce, and the many will be stated by title. Not only is the Federal budget incom­ other committees. The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (S. plete, but the types of items that are in­ Therefore, we need to have some way so 1321) to provide for a National Service cluded change over the years. The re­ that the Members of Congress can have an Corps to strengthen community service sult of these changes has generally been opportunity of hearing from the Cabinet programs in the United States. to reduce the levels of expenditures and members face to face every so often about The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there receipts shown in the budget. their problems-asking them questions, get­ objection to the request of the Senator The fact is that spending programs as ting reports from them-so that we can have now shown in the budget are some $10 better communication. This would be good from Wisconsin? for the Congress, it would be good for the There being no objection, the Senate billion less than they would be if the Cabinet members, and it also would be resumed the c~msideration of the bill. budget were as inclusive as 10 years ago. good for the country because we all need to That is, if we used a comparable basis know more about decisions that are being for fiscal 1964, if the 1964 budget were made-the problems of government and the BUDGET UNDERSTATES SPENDING on the same basis, we would have to in­ work of the Congress · and the executive BY $10 BILLION COMPARED TO 10 crease the spending totals by at least $10 branch of the Government. billion, and the amount of Federal spend­ Sometimes bad legislation slips by and.be- YEARS AGO ing would be that much more. comes law because Senators and Representa- Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, on tives are not as well informed as they ought Monday, July 29, I gave a speech on the This is because of such changes as to be. I doubt that the communications showing tax receipts net after refunds, sate111te giveaway bill would have gotten floor of the Senate dealing with possible the handling of the gas tax and the through last summer if the heads of the changes that might be made 1n the Fed­ highway trust fund, and reduction of De­ various agencies concerned had been Invited eral budget. The purpose of these fense spending by showing a net figure on to the Senate floor to answer questions. changes is to make the budget a more after the selloff of surplus items. I would llke to say that we have a great meaningful and useful document for The result: It is virtually impossible country; we have made the most remarkable Members of Congress and for the public educational and economic growth and devel- generally. to make meaningful comparisons of opment of any people in the world. A large In the course of my earlier speech, I budget totals from year to year. part of that has been due to the free labor BUDGET BUREAU IMPROVEMENTS union movement, where you have worked referred to a report which was to be is­ for progressive programs, where you have sued shortly by the Statistics Subcom­ Before commenting, however, on this taken an interest in politics and in the af- mittee, of which I am chairman, of the lack of inclusiveness of the present fairs of your communities. I congratulate Joint Economic Committee. That re­ budget, I think some compliments should your members and the members of your lo- port has now been issued unanimously be extended to the present Bureau of cals upon the fact that in every town I visit by the subcommittee, and I believe it is the Budget.· A number of ·changes have I always find some members of the retail been made in the budget in recent years clerks taking part 1n those efforts for the the best single statement that has ever good of government and for the programs for been published on the general need for that have substantially improved the in­ your people. changes in the budget document. To my clusiveness of coverage of the document: This country of ours is blessed with the fin- knowledge, this is the first time, at least First, there has been a shift in emphasis est institutions in the world, a democratic in many years, that a congressional com­ in this year's budget from the classic government, a prosperous labor movement, mittee or subcommittee has examined administrative budget totals to the so.:. and a free enterprise society that has given the Federal budget in terms of its nature called cash budget. The effect of this us things to make our work easier and our free time more pleasant. and format. I strongly urge all of my change has been to include in the budget However, you know as well as I that the colleagues to look at this report and to totals details of the operations of most best institutions stay in step with the times. assess the recommendations that are of the trust funds, but not all, including A minimum wage of 75 cents an hour may made within it. the social security operations, highway have been adequate one, two or three dee- In my speech on the 29th, I discussed trust funds, and a number of others. ades ago, but everyone agrees this would be the first major recommendation con­ Another change made by this admin­ far from adequate today and so it is with the tained within the report,· namely, that istration has been the elaboration of a other institutions of our society. number of special analyses at the back of The course that I have always tried to fol- the budget be presented along program low, and I think that your fine organization · lines as well as by individual agencies. the budget document. These speciai follows under your president and your other As I indicated, the advantages of such a analyses include information on public officers, ls the one which reflects the past and presentation are that comparisons could enterprises, on foreign currency, on in­ tries to carry the good things of the past for- be made -about the costs and relative vestment capital outlays, on Federal ward into the present, but it is also the benefits being obtained by different pro- credit programs, on activities in public course that recognizes that there is no re- . . . works, and on research and develop­ turning to that which is gone. The prob- grams aimed_ at t~e same obJective, such ment programs. The information in lems of the sixties are different from those of as in education, in research, and so on. these special analyses includes not only the thirties or forties. They require new I pointed out at that time that no one solutions, new ingenuity, new boldness, new in the Congress or the executive elaboration on some material to be found imagination. branch-not the President of the United in the body of the budget, but also a con­ In this 75th anniversar~ year of the Retail states, not the chairman of the Foreign siderable amount of additional material Clerks Internat~onal Association you can look Relations Committee-no one c t 11th that is extremely informative for anyone back with genuine pride upon a past of great . an e e interested in the general activities of the accomplishment for the benefit of your grow- Congr~ss or the Ame~ican . people how Government. ing membership and of society generally. At much is spent on foreign aid, and that the same time, I am sure that you and your no one can tell us how much is spent on NEED FOR CONSTANT COMPREHENSIVE BUDGET leaders are looking forward to the challenges education, because foreign aid programs Both the Congress and the American of the ~uture, setting new goals, planning and education programs are scattered people should have full and accurate new achievements. throughout the budget and appear in no facts on the spending of tax dollars. I congratulate you for what has gone be- 1 It · · t 11 · · fore and extend best wishes for what lies one pace. is vir ua Y impossible to To provide this, what is in and out of ahead. May your next 75 years be even more assemble them, _because there has been the budget should remain constant over successful than the last and I wish you the no system for domg so. time so that year-to-year comparisons very best of luck. The second major recommendation in can be made as to how Government ex­ Thank you. the report is that the scope of the budget penditures and receipts are changing. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there be br~aden~. t? e~comp~ss all of the :fl.­ The only solution to this problem is to further morning business? If not, morn- nancial activities m .which the Govern­ have complete comprehensiveness within ing business is closed. ment engages. It will perhaps come as the budget. Only completeness cannot a surprise to many in this Chamber that be changed from year to year. the budget at the present time is not The failure of the spending by many NATIONAL SERVICE CORPS ACT comprehensive in scope. Yet many Government agenices to be included in Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I types of activities in which the Govern.:. the budget is made even more serious ask unanimous consent that the Chair ment engages are now either excluded because in many cases they do not even 14830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 13 report expenditures to the Government's Mr. President, it should be realized propriateness of the Government being disciplinary fiscal arm: the Bureau of that the budget is not the comprehensive in these businesses. I question rather the Budget. document which many Americans who the inadequacy of Government knowl­ Also, it is now impossible to tell from use the budget constantly assume it is. edge about Government business. the budget what actions the adminis­ There is no question that the size of the This is the type of information that tration has taken within its own large budget is used regularly by editorial seems to me should be available to a discretion for fiscal policy purposes. writers, political leaders, and others in Member of Congress in order that he For example, early in 1961 when the pointing to increases in Government can do his job most effectively. There is Kennedy administration came into office, spending. However, the budget does not an even more fundamental principle at a number of administrative actions were disclose this information. Not only does stake. Information on these operations taken by the President to stimulate the the budget not disclose the necessary in­ of the Government should be· available economy from the depths of the existing formation, but in making comparisons in a form such that individual citizens recession. It is virtually impossible in over a period of years it is absolutely can also learn about the activities of subsequent budgets to determine either inaccurate. That is why the budget their Government and judge the merits the nature of these actions or their dol­ should be revised to include all spending of these activities. Such knowledge lar significance. by the Government, on a constant basis seems to me essential for the effective The administration can exercise con­ year after year, so that proper compari­ operation of a government in a democ­ trol in a number of ways, such as the sons can be made. racy. rate of spending by agencies and the rate Many other loan and loan guarantee The unanimous report by the Statis­ at which contracts are let. Advance in­ programs are to be found in a halfway tics Subcommittee of the Joint Economic formation on the estimated use of these house. They are shown in the budget Committee, which was compiled by the controls would obviously be significant in but only by a limited portion of their staff of the Joint Economic Committee, assessing the fiscal impact of Govern­ total operation. Data on loan guaran­ particularly by its very gifted fiscal ment. tees of the Export-Import Bank and the economist, Dr. Roy E. Moor, is so useful Mr. President, many of the experts who secondary market operations of the Fed­ that I have sent copies of it to all mem­ appeared before the subcommittee of the eral National Mortgage Association, for bers of the Appropriations Committee, Joint F.conomic Committee, pointed out example, are seriously inadequate. and I have asked them to give it their that it is extremely difficult with the The basic problem is that these op­ attention. Some members of the Ap­ present budget documents, to obtain any erations are largely self-financing and propriations Committee have already kind of information on Government the need for additional funds from the written to me that they are .impressed spending and taxing which is neces­ Congress is relatively slight. Thus, these by the report, and that they intend to sary in order to have a useful and accu­ agencies are included in the budget only study it. Some of them indicated that rate prediction of how the economy is to on a partial basis even though they ex­ they believe favorable action might well operate. The Government of the United ercise a substantial monetary influence be taken on some of the recommenda­ States is an extremely important factor on the economy. A number of us in the tions made by the subcommittee. in our economy. It is vital for econ­ Senate and in the House have criticized We have also sent a copy of the report omists to know how the Government the Federal Reserve System on its mone­ to the Bureau of the Budget. The staff regulates its · spending. If the budget tary policies. Yet, how many of us have of the Joint Economic Committee has could reveal what plans the Govern­ detailed information on the monetary been in close touch with members of the ment may have to speed up or slow down policies of the FHA, or FNMA-the Fed­ staff of the Bureau of the Budget, and its spending or to speed up or slow down eral National Mortgage Administration? has asked them to put some of these contract letting, it would be very help­ How many can say what the interest recommendations into effect. I report ful in planning more efficient Govern­ rates and maturities are on loans pro­ that the Bureau of the Budget has been ment action. vided by the Export-Import Bank? In very encouraging in indicating that it As I pointed out, the Kennedy admin­ many cases these agencies provide loans will give these recommendations seri­ istration did exactly this in 1961. It that could not be made through private ous consideration. There is an excel­ speeded up spending in order to get us financial institutions. In many other lent possibility that the Budget Bureau out of the recession. However, no esti­ cases, the terms of the loans are sub­ may, as they often have in the past, act mates were made at the time as to how sidized. Yet, we have virtually no meas­ to accept the committee's recommen­ much the speedup in the spending ures by which to judge the nature of dations. would involve. The result was that these subsidies. I hope that Members of Congress will economists and others were not able to Any measure by which to gage, judge. give this subject their attention. It is use the information for business plan­ a.nd evaluate the monetary impact is im­ important that there be as accurate and ning, and the economy was not able to portant when such huge Government complete a basis as possible for evaluat­ move ahead with the kind of intelli­ funds are involved. ing governmental spending. It is obvi­ gence furnished by the Federal Gov­ ous that we do not now have such a ernment, which better organization of PUBLIC ENTERPRISE OPERATIONS CONCEALED IN BUDGET system in the present budget not only the budget would permit. in terms of economic policy and fiscal LOAN AND GUARANTEE PROGRAMS INADEQUATE There is one more type of Government and monetary policies, but also in plain IN BUDGET operation that should be incorporated. in terms of the efficient operation of our Another area in which additional in­ the budget in greater detail. This third Federal Government. formation could be provided in the type of operation is the so-called public Mr. President, I suggest the absence budget concerns loan and guarantee pro­ enterprise. The essence of these public of a quorum. grams. Despite the fact that all these enterprises is that while they do not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The programs have been created through make loans, they are engaged in provid­ clerk will call the roll. legislation and that most of the lending ing services for which prices are charged. The legislative clerk proceeded to call Information should be in the budget on the roll. agencies are instrumentalities of the pricing practices, on cost levels, and on Congress responsible to it, surprisingly Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. little information is available on many of the forms of products or services being President, I ask unanimous consent that their activities. produced. Yet, I doubt whether anyone in the Senate could obtain this sort of the order for the quorum call be re­ The following agencies enjoy this im­ information from the budget for the scinded. munized, free-of-scrutiny status: the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Post Of­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ Exchange Stabilization Fund, the Comp­ out objection, it is so ordered. troller of the Currency, the Board of fice Department, or the Public Housing Governors of the Federal Reserve Sys­ Administration, much less for the many tem, the Federal Deposit Insurance Cor­ smaller public enterprises such as the NATIONAL SE}:tVICE CORPS ACT poration, the Federal intermediate cred­ Inland Waterways Corporation, the Pan­ The Senate resumed the consideration it banks, banks for cooperatives, the ama Canal Company, the Alaska Rail­ of the bill

True name

A.LL FOUR LINES BELOW MUST BE FILLED IN COMPLETE IN PRESENCE OF CUSTODY OFFICER Charge (state nature of charge) Arrested at I Crime committed at 647.5 POC Pasadena PD LA Co.

D ate of hearing Court and city I Bail Sent

D epartment or station making arrest .Address Sheriff-MO Trans

Signature Title Robert H. Oroen D.S.

Birthplace Age Male I Race I Weight I Height I I Female I su;le I Married City, West Chester State: Penn .A.BN 40 177 ~1 X

Marks, scars, etc. Color of hair Color of eyes None Black Bm I I Address (No. and street) City State Occupation I Phone 217 Mott N.Y. N.Y. Lecturer None I Time lived in city 1 wk U.S. citizen Remarks County 1 wk State 1 wk U.S. Life Yes Claims no recent illness or injury In case ofillness notify Relationship Address Phone Glenn Smiley Friend 830 S. St. Andrews Pl DU36801

Memo. Warrant No. Commitment No.I Court I Sentence Tank M-19376 Pasadena Mun 60 days 12F2 Tank No. Name RUSTIN, Bayard No.254754 B F2

PROPERTY SLIP Date Charge Claims no recent illness or injury. ' 1-22- 53 I 647.5 PCC Cash 53 cents to inmate RELEASE DATA Property lpen Date March 13, 1953 (S).

Signature BAYARD RUSTIN Searched by Booked by Now released S.R.AURTY Boron EXPIRATION I I hereby authorize the sheriff or jailer to receive and open all my mail while I am Released to (officer sign here) confined to the Los Angeles County jail. Signature (not· an acknowledgment suit) Released by Grover BAY.Um RUSTIN Jail Clerk.

' Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the his denouncemel).t of Communist ideo­ Mr. Rustin was secretary to Dr. Mar­ Washington Post article continues with logical dogma. tin Luther King from 1955 to 1960. Mr. statements that Mr. Rustin was a mem­ In 1958, he saw flt to travel to the So­ President, I have previously placed in the ber of the Young Communist League and viet Union and meet with the butchers of CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on August 2 and attended the Communist Party conven­ the Hungarian freedom fighters to par­ 7 articles which show that Dr. King tion in 1956 in New York as an observer. ticipate in Communist propaganda has had another secretary who goes by It gives a fuzzy explanation that he quit show called "Nonviolent Action Com­ the names of Jack H. O'Dell and Hunter the Young Communist League because mittee Against Nuclear Weapons." Upon Pitts O'Dell, an admitted Communist. he was nonviolent and because · the his return Rustin organized Martin These articles show that Dr. King sup­ league accepted racial segregation in the Luther King's 1958 "march in Washing­ posedly fl.red Mr. O'Dell at one time, but Armed Forces after Hitler attacked Rus­ ton,•• which the Worker called a Com- these articles report further· that as of sia. There is no mention, however, of · munist project. ' last month Mr. O'Dell was still reported 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 14839 by Dr. King's New York office as being tributions deductible for income tax pur­ ors who was then relieved of the seat of an employee of Dr. King. poses in a ruling retroactive to the date of his trousers with it, with no personal injury. incorporation. The Highlander. Center is He said the campers have found refuge Mr. President, these articles can be now a recognized educational institution in a New Jersey camp "well known for the found in the RECORD of August 2, 1963, with Government approval. · · number of Communist activities which have beginning on page 13968 and additional Thanks to the loyalty of our contributors taken place there. Camp Midvale is located articles on the subject of Communist and sponsors, Highlander is preparing for at Ringwood, N.J., and has long been a connections in these demonstrations can a challenging future. We have also made favorite vacation and picnic resort of Com­ also be found in the August 7 CONGRES­ new friends. A university professor writes: munist and Communist-front groups. The SIONAL RECORD beginning on page 14455. "The entire community has benefited from Communist paper the Worker holds its an­ Mr. President, I give particular atten­ your work and let us add our names to those nual picnics there." tion today to Mr. Rustin's record, not Knoxvillians who are happy to have you The article concerning Summerlane in the only to point up the whitewash job which with us.'' Herald of Freedom recommended action by We hope to hear that you would like to the proper authorities and bringing such was attempted by the Washington Post, enroll in a workshop, or to make a contribu­ activities to an end by lawful methods, Mr. but also because of the position of prom­ tion to help a brave Mississippi Delta leader Capell pointed out, "However,'' he concluded, inence which Mr. Rustin commands in participate. "the invaders of the South goad the nor­ the Negro march on Washington, D.C., Cordially, mally peaceful and religious people into acts on August 28. He is listed as vice chair­ MYLES HORTON. of violence by refusing to obey the law and to cooperate with local authorities for their man of the committee which is planning own protection. Their agitation creates the march. In fact, the leader of the [From the Tablet, Aug. 1, 1963] violence." march, Mr. A. Phillip Randolph has THAT NORTH CAROLINA INCIDENT: PROTEST stated in an article which I will place VERSUS INDECENCY OR RIOT OF RACISTS? Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the in the RECORD that "Mr. Rustin is Mr. A citizens' protest against indecency was record of the Commerce Committee March-On-Washington himself." This twisted in news stories to make it appear as hearings on S. 1732 contains a tremen­ point was in effect brought out in the an action of racists, according to the editor dous amount of evidence that there is Washington Post article of Sunday. In of a national anti-Communist biweekly pub­ Communist influence in some of the fact, this is why the whitewash job was )ished in Staten Island. organizations which are directing the attempted, putting the Washington Post Frank A. Capell, editor of the Herald of Negro demonstrations. In addition, Mr. in the position of condoning Mr. Rus­ Freedom and Metropolitan Review and for­ President, I have placed in the CONGRES­ mer chief of the Subversive Activities Con­ SIONAL RECORDS of August 2 and 7 and tin's ludicrous record. trol Board of Westchester County, reported I wonder if even Mr. Randolph could on the results of a special edition of his pub­ again today more evidence to this effect. really condone the past activities of Mr. lication dealing with Summerlane School In order to provide even more informa­ Rustin. Perhaps he can, in view of the and Camp of Manhattan and Rosman, N.C. tion, I now ask for inclusion in the fact that Mr. Randolph's name appears NO CENSORSHIP RECORD at this point in my remarks the on the letterhead of the Highlander The special July 3 issue reproduced pro­ following articles: Center in Knoxville, Term., as a sponsor motional literature for the camp, widely ad­ The Washington Post article of Au­ of the Highlander Center. His name vertised as integrated, stating that there is gust 11, 1963, on Bayard Rustin. appears there with that of Dr. Martin no censorship of any kind and no regulation Four articles by Mr. Frank van der Luther King and the founder of the of private behavior of the teenage campers, Linden. Highlander Folk School in Monteagle, and that teachers and counselors are not ex­ An Associated Press article in the Tenn., Mr. Myles Horton. Members of pected to hide their weaknesses from the Nashville Banner dated July 8, 1963. this body will recall, Mr. President, that children. Two articles from the Evening Star The issue also contained information on of July 6, 1963, and August 4, 1963. the school at Monteagle was closed by George von Hilsheimer, camp director, whom the State of Tennessee on grounds of im­ it described as a former minister who ad­ An advance article from National Re­ morality and this was upheld by the mittedly has engaged in acts of sexual de­ view dated August 20, 1963. courts. I request unanimous consent, generacy, who is a radical and a nihilist. A An article by Ray Cromley in the Bir­ Mr. President, that at this point in my brochure was quoted saying many of Sum­ mingham Post-Herald of August 8, 1963. remarks that a letter from Mr. Myles merlane's teachers had worked in the High­ A column by Holmes Alexander as Horton on Highlander Center stationery lander Folk School, cited as a Communist published in the Columbia Record of Au­ be printed in the RECORD, together with enterprise by the State of Georgia. gust 9, 1963. Copies of this issue were supplied to the There being no objection, the articles an article from the Brooklyn Tablet of Rosman Chamber of Commerce for distribu­ August 1, 1963. The article is entitled tion to State legislators, judges, prosecuting were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, "Protest Versus Indecency or Riot of officers, and civic groups. This was done, as follows: Racists?" Mr. Capell said, to provide documentation [From the Washington Post, Aug. 11, 1963] The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. on which to base a demand for action by ORGANIZER OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA MARCH RIBICOFF in the chair). Is there objec­ the proper authorities. Is DEVOTED TO NONVIOLENCE-FRIENDLINESS, tion to the request by the Senator from Mr. Capell reported that protests were NOT A GUN, Is THE PROPER WEAPON, VET­ South Carolina? made to the camp operators after com­ ERAN OF PAST PROTESTS HERE BELIEVES; There being no objection, the letter plaints of gross immorality at the camp in BAYARD RUSTIN, A LONGTIME PACIFIST, SAYS the form of nude mixed bathing (to which NEGROES MUST BE Wn.LING To SUFFER To and article were ordered to be printed a local Baptist minister was reportedly an WIN RIGHTS in the RECORD, as follows: eyewitness) and a camp newspaper contain­ (By Susanna · McBee) ing a sexual promiscuity theme (not fit for HIGHLANDER CENTER, NEW YoRK, August 10.-The man who is or­ Knoxville, Tenn., May 15, 1963. gentlemen to read, according to the local sheriff). ganizing what may be the largest civil rights DEAR FRIEND: You will be interested in demonstration in the Nation's history is a our new programs. In the words of board "The conduct at the camp so incensed the crusader who passionately believes society of directors chairman, Dr. B. R. Brazeal, "The local citizens," Mr. Capell continued, "that can solve its problems only through non­ Highlander idea, like a Phoenix rising from residents of the camp were warned not to violence. the ashes, has truly been born again in the come into town and to stay in the camp to He is 53-year-old Bayard Rustin, the tall, Highlander Center." avoid trouble. The campers disregarded the graying deputy director of the committee The summer program includes a south­ warning and after several incidents the local planning the Augµst 28 march in Washing­ wide voter education internship program citizenry took matters into their own hands. ton for jobs and freedom, which is expected designed to broaden and deepen the new Several hundred people marched on the to attract more than 100,000 demonstrators. Negro voter's concept of his rights and, re­ camp, destroyed the main building and told The committee's director, A. Philip Ran­ sponsibilities. Need for this program became the campers to get out." dolph, president of the Brotherhood of Sleep­ clear as we developed the citizenship schools Then, Mr. Capell said, came the newspaper ing Car Porters, has given Rustin his abso­ now being spread throughout the South by stories which distorted the protest into a lute confidence in the day-to-day planning Dr. Martin Luther King's southern. Chris­ mob action prompted by racism. of the mass assembly. tian Leadership Conference and student civil rights organizations. Other Highlander M_OVE TO RED PICNIC SPOT ORGANIZED PILGRIMAGE activities to be carried on in Mississippi, the A check of the local records, Mr. 9apell One of the · committee members,· the Rev. South Carolina Sea Islands, and the Knox­ stated, reveals that reports of injuries were Dr. Martin Luther K-ing, Jr., called Rustin, ville area are listed in the enclosed schedule. grossly exaggerated in news stories. A stab­ "a brilliant, efficient and dedicated orga­ We are glad to inform you that the In­ bing turned out to have been the taking of nizer and one of the best and most persuasive ternal Revenue Service h as declared con- a knife away from one of the camp counsel- interpreters of nonviolence." 14840 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 13

Rustin organized the 1967 prayer pilgrim­ activities in New York. He also was con­ BUAC RECORD age and the 1958 and 1968 youth marches . victed in 1958 in Pasadena, Callf., on a morals The House Un-Amerrcan Activities Com­ in Washington for integrated schools. He charge after being arrested with two other mittee also has a large 1lle on Randolph, said in an interview today that the essence men. , showing he has· worked closely with various of nonviolence ls wllllngness to suffer in In 1947 he helped organize a type of free­ leftwing groups for many years. He has order to "dominate the forces destructive dom ride to test compliance with the 1946 called for a radical labor movement to pro­ to the oneness of man." Supreme Court ban on segregation in inter­ mote "interracial brotherhood and the cause "Because of this oneness of man, the prob­ state travel. Rustin was arrested 18 times of the American working class and world lems of one group-the Negroes--are th~ -on the Journey through the South for break­ peace.'' problems of all people," Rustin said. ing segregation laws, and he served on a An investigating committee of the Texas "White people have a vested interest in North Carolina chain gang. House of Representatives in 1961 said that seeing that the Negro wins full equality. SUPPORTS PACIFICISM Farmer, the CORE director, and Dr. King, No white man will have complete freedom are members of the national board of the until the Negro has his. For example, when In 1952 he became executive secretary of the War Resisters' League, for which he has Committee for a Sane Nuclear Polley, which all southern Negroes have the right to vote, advocates that the United States stop all nu­ they will help oust the legislators who deny worked ever since. He traveled through India in 1947 studying the Gandhi independ­ clear testing, and "which has many Commu­ social welfare programs not only to them but nist fronters among its guiding personnel." to whites also." ence movement, and also took part in several nationalist movements in Africa. The Texas legislative report incorporated Rustin said Negroes would make a mistake into the Senate Judiciary Committee's of­ to be concerned only with Negro rights, be­ From 1955 to 1960 he was a part-time aid to Dr. King and helped ·in the Negro boycott ficial hearing record on the confirmation of cause "this type of selfishness is incompatible the NAACP lawyer, Thurgood Marshall as a with the philosophy of nonviolence." which ended Jim Crow practices on Mont­ gomery, Ala., buses. Federal circuit Judge last year also said MARCH IS FOR ALL His political philosophy defies labeling. this about Farmer: "That's why this August 28 march is more Basically, it conceives of a society so or­ "~e served as field secretary for the Stu­ than a march for Negroes," he said. "It's a ganized that "there would be no misery of dent League for Industrial Democracy (SLID) march for all society. In the area of employ­ any kind." visiting many college campuses. The SLID ment, if there are not more Jobs, Negroes His idealism and organizing experience led publication Revolt, says "The League for and whites will soon be fighting over the few "Randolph to appoint him deputy director of Industrial Democracy is a militant educa­ jobs left by automation. That's why our the August 28 march. Asked once whether tional movement which challenges those who demonstration will support measures for full he wanted Rustin to resign, Randolph said, would think and act for a 'new social order employment and for an expanding economy." "Why, heavens, no. He's Mr. March himself.'' based on production for use and not for In practical terms, Rustin said, Negroes profit.' That is a revolutionary slogan. It must accomplish their goals through non­ [From the Nashville Banner, July 26, 1963] means that members think and work for the violence because "we a.re a minority trying to elimination of capitalism and the substitu­ DESPITE KENNEDY CLAIM THURMOND CITES tion of a new order." integrate with a majority and we can't use LEFTIST TIES AMONG MARCH GROUP guns; the only weapon we can use ls friend­ liness." (By Frank van der Linden) KENNEDY AIDS WORKING WITH LEADERS OF WASHINGTON .-Although the Kennedy MARCH-HOPE TO AVOID VIOLENCE SEEN IN He runs the march headquarters from the TALKS WITH CHIEF OF POLICE shabby, four-story community center of brothers claim there is "no evidence" of Com­ Harlem's Friendship Baptist Church not far munist interest In the Negro equality cam­ (By Frank van der Linden) from busy Seventh Avenue, where each night paign, Senator STROM THURMOND has files WAsHINGTON.-Top aides to Attorney Gen­ various black nationalist groups preach race that show definite leftwing links among eral Robert F. Kennedy are working closely hatred. some leaders of the planned August 28 march with Negro leaders of the projected civil Rustin's career reflects his energetic pur­ on Washington. rights march on Washington August 28 in suit of ideas and causes connected with peace The New York Times said Thursday that hopes of preventing violence. and social reform. Bayard Rustin is deputy director of the Assistant Attorney General John Douglas, committee planning the Capital march by who conferred Friday with the march lead­ BEGAN IN HIGH SCHOOL 100,000 or more Negroes to press for passage ers and Metropolitan Police Chief Robert He began his long protest against racial of President Kennedy's civil rights bills. Murray, said: "We are concerned that every­ discrimination when as a high school football The Dally Worker said a man named "Bay­ body realize this 1s quite an undertaking, player in his home town of West Chester, Pa., ard Rustin" attended the 1957 convention of and make it as orderly as possible." he was refused service with his teammates the Communist Party, U.S.A., according to Douglas, son of Illinois' liberal Democratic 1n a restaurant. He continued to sit there the files of the South Carolina Senator, the Senator PAUL DOUGLAS, heads the Justice for several hours until he was thrown out. Daily Worker identified Rustin as secretary Department's civil division. Rustin has no college degree but spent 7 to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., head of the Chief Murray said the conferees discussed yea.rs studying at Wilberforce (Ohio) and Southern Christian Leadership Conference "minute details" for moving the estimated Cheyney (P.a.) Colleges, the College of the and a prime mover of the August 28 march 100,000 marchers through the Capital City. City of New York, and the London School of and racial demonstrations generally. He has notified all Metropolitan policemen Economics. Rustin was one of eight "impartial observ­ to be on hand for duty that day, and has While at CCNY, in 1936, he joined the ers" at the Communist Party's 16th national canceled all leaves. The Third Infantry at Young Communist League because "it was convention, according to THURMOND, and a Fort Myer, Va., has a battle group of sol­ the only campus organization that had any­ member of the "American Forum for Socialist diers standing by for emergency calls, if thing to say about the race issue." But his Education," cited by the Senate Internal Se­ necessary. Quaker nonviolence "kept banging into their curity Subcommittee December 19, 1957, as A special office will be set up at Washing­ Views," he said, and he soon dropped out of a Communist front. ton headquarters of the National Association the league. for the Advancement of Colored People, to THE 1958 MARCH register the marchers in advance. The co­ CRrrICIZED PARTY Rustin helped Dr. King's 1958 -march on operating Negro, labor, and church groups He says he "broke completely" when the Washington, which the Worker called a Com­ hope by this means to know the identity of league accepted racial segregation in the munist project. Now Rustin turns up again the marchers and to screen out any consid­ Armed Forces after Hitler attacked Russia. in New York City as deputy director of the ered undesirables. In 1956, the Communist Party, which he committee making detailed preparations ·for The civil rights groups and the Kennedy never Joined, invited him and such other the mass march on Washington. administration are supersensitive to charges non-Communist social critics as Norman The coordinating committee consists of: tnat some integration leaders have links Thomas and Dorothy Day to attend its con­ Dr. King; A. Phllip Randolph, president of with leftwing or Communist front outfits. vention in New York as observers. the Brotherhood of Pullman Sleeping Car Bayard Rustin, deputy director of the or­ Rustin and several others filed a report Porters and only Negro vice president of the ganizing committee for the march, and criticizing the party for what he called its AFL-CIO; Roy Wilkins, executive secretary of Cleveland Robinson, chairman of the policy "dishonest and undemocratic handling of the the National Association for the Advance­ committee, said in New York that they would Hungary question." ment of Colored People; James Farmer~ na­ meet the Attorney General here Friday. In the early 1940's Rustin was CORE's tional director of the Congress of Racial Kennedy's office said they would see Douglas, field secretary and was race relations direc­ Equality (CORE); Whitney Young, Jr., of but not Kennedy himself. tor of the Fellowship of Reconclliation, a the National Urban League; and John Lewis "Fellowship," the official publication of the pacifist group. of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating "Fellowship of Reconciliation," printed a He has been arrested more than 20 times Committee. profile of Rustin in its January 1963 issue, for his civil rights activities. During World The Times quoted Dr. King a.s saying the calling him "executive secretary of the War War II he served 28 months for being a committee would request a meeting with Resisters League and race relations secretary, conscientious objector. Several of his ar­ Kennedy when the marchers converge on the F.O.R., 1943-53." rests were for making speeches advocating White House, and would ask the President "Mllestones in Bayard's later life include resistance to war and !or antidiscrimination to create a "Federal civil rights police force." his 5-year association with Martin Luther 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 14841 King, Jr., as secretary, adviser, and organiz- racial discrimination inside the correctional ·he ls not British but was born 1n West Ches­ er; his coordination of two youth marches institution at Ashland, Ky. · ter, Pa.., about 50 years ago. for integrated schools in Washington, D.O., , The FBI records show that Rustin was as­ Robinson, a native Ja.II1aican who is secre­ and a year earlier, a prayer pilgrimage to the -signed to the Ashland prison on March '1, tary-treasul'er of a store cle.rks union in New same place that drew 40,000; work to estab- 1944, and transferred to Lewisburg August Bo York, told reporters here Wednesday: "Rus­ lish a center for nonviolence at Dar Es- 1945. He was finally discharged J'une 11, . tin is the deputy director of the march. On Salaam, Tanganyika, for the World Peace 1946. his shoulders rest all the physical respon- Brigade, the magazine said. The charge was that he violated the civil sibllity for it." · "To this we might add his participation service law by faillng to report for "work Rustin said he and Robinson met with an with Michael Scott and others in a protest of national importance," to which conscien­ assistant to Attorney General Robert F. Ken­ team to attempt to stop the French H-.bomb tious objectors were assigned when deferred nedy and with Washington police officials to tests and • • • opening of a New York office from the draft. plan ways of averting violence during the for the Student Nonviolence Coordination The Los Angeles Times of January 23, 1963, march. Rustin said 2,000 marshals are be­ Committee." said Rustin, identified then as a "40-year- ing trained in Washington, New York, Hart­ "Fellowship" calls Rustin a "friend" of old Negro lecturer," was sentenced to 60 days ford, a.nd Philadelphia, to monitor the pa­ Ghana's Communist President Nkrumah. in jail when he pleaded guilty to a morals raders. Army and National Guard units in charge. The Times said he was arrested this area may be called in case of trouble. THURMOND SHOCKED BY PRISON RECORD OF with two other men in a car parked near MARCH DmECTOR the Green Hotel in Pasadena. [From the Nashville Banner, Aug. 3, 1963] (By Frank van der Linden) Rustin told Associated Press he was secre- MARCH LEADER WON'T QUIT WASHINGTON.-Benator STROM THURMOND, tary to Dr. Ma:rtin Luther King from 1955 to NEW YORK.-An estimated. 250,000 persons Democrat, of South Carolina, said today he 1960 and helped form the Southern Chris­ are expected to join the march on Washing­ was shocked at the revelation that the dep­ tian Leadership Conference. Senator THUR­ ton August 28, it was reported today at a uty director of the massive civil rights march MOND has records showing Rustin attended meeting of the "big six" civil rights organi­ on Washington August 28 admits having a the 1957 convention of the Communist Party. zations. prison record. A. Philip Randolph, president of the Sleep­ The Banner revealed Friday, in a dispatch [From the Shreveport Journal, Aug. 8, 1963) ing Car Porters Union, and president of the from the Associated Press in New York, that NEGRO, ADMITTING RECORD, WON'T QUIT CIVIL Negro American Labor Council, told reporters Bayard Rustin, deputy director of the march, RIGHTS JOB after the meeting that .rumors that the said he served a term on a morals charge (By Frank van der Linden) march's deputy director, Bayard Rustin, was • in Pasadena, Calif., beginning in January WASHINGTON.-Bayard Rustin, Negro dep­ resigning were untrue. 1953. . uty director of the August 28 civil rights "No, Mr. Rustin is Mr. March-on-Washing­ Besides his 60-dJ.y sentence in the sex case, march on Washington, said Wednesday he ton himself," Randolph said. Rustin also served 28 months in Federal won't quit that job although FBI records Three members of the march committee prison on a charge of draft evasion in World show he has served prison terms on a morals from Washington disclosed that the pro­ War II, according to records of the FBI. charge and for violating the draft law. posed ma.rch of 100,000 persons could be in­ creased to an estimated 250,000 converging TO KEEP POST FBI records state that Rustin served 28 months in Federal prisons in World War II on a special assembly area.. Although Rustin had expressed fear that when he was a conscientious objector but Present plans call for persons from all parts his record might cost him his Job, he ap­ failed to report for work required by the of the Nation to converge on the Washington parently will remain in his high place in draft law. Memorial and the ellipse area near 17th front ranks of the marchers August 28. Also, the Los Angeles, Calif., police records Street a.nd march to the Lincoln Memorial. A. Phllip Randolph, national chairman of show that Rustin pleaded guilty to a sex The Reverend Walter Fauntroy, of the tho march and president of the Negro Ameri­ charge there January 22, 1953, and drew a Southern Christian Leadership Conference, can LA.bor Council, was asked in New York 60-day jail sentence. The Los Angeles Times said that Army logistics personnel said the Saturday about rumors Rustin would re­ said he was arrested by Pasadena police with Washington Memorial area could hold 250,- sign. Randolph was quoted as saying, "No. two men in a parked car. The other two 000 persons, allowing 4 square feet per per­ Rustin is Mr. March-on-Washington him­ men drew similar sentences. son. self." The Associated Press quoted Rustin, in a The civil rights leaders fear that if individ­ Sena.tor THURMOND commented today, "If New York interview last Friday, as admitting ual delega.tions try marching to special as­ Rustin is 'Mr. March-on-Washington him­ his record and saying he would let the civil sembly points there could be an outbreak of self' they ought to call off the whole thing." rights leaders decide whether it should cost violence or other disturbances in the Capital. The south Carolina Senator added, "It is him his job. The next day, the march chair­ Randolph said the Communists oould not terrible for a ma.n with such a. record to be man, ·A. Ph111p Randolph, said Rustin would possl:bly infiltrate the march. conducting the demonstration and in such stay on because "Rustin ls Mr. March-on­ "We have taken all precautions to prohibit close cooperation with officials of the Ken­ Wa.shington himself." (The Nashville Ban­ all lunatic fringes from infiltrating our ranks nedy administration." ner requested the AP interview.) and causing any unrest or possible violence," Rustin has told reporters that he is work­ Randolph, Rustin, and Cleveland Robin­ he said. ing with high officials of the Justice Depart­ son, chairman of the administrative commit­ "This will be an orderly and effective, ment a.nd the Metropolitan Police Depart­ tee, briefed Members of Congress Wednesday nonviolent protest." ment in Washington in preparation for the on plans for the demonstration by more than march by at le..st 100,000 persons a.nd pos­ 100,000 marchers. Randolph said he had [From the Washington Evening Star, Aug. 6, sibly as many as 150,000. great confidence in Rustin and Robinson. 1963) Rustin was quoted by the New York Times When a reporter asked Rustin if he would BRIEFING SET IN CAPITOL ON AUGUST 28 Sunday as saying he expected no violence resign, Rustin replied, "No. I don't know MARCH-75 LAWMAKERS EXPECTED To HEAR from the marchers themselves but he said, where that story catne from." REPORT ON CIVIL RIGHTS TuRNOUT "I already know that the Fascists have called Senator STROM THURMOND, Democrat, of Seventy-five Congressmen have accepted for 10,000 people to come to Washington." South Carolina., said he was "shocked that a invitations to meet tomorrow in the Capitol Rustin had said last week that he would ma.n with Rustin's record would be directing with leaders of the planned August 28 civil tell the march leaders Saturday about his the march and making plans for it a.long rights demonstration, a demonstration leader criminal record and "let the civil rights with Kennedy administration officials." has announced. leaders decide if this part of my background THURMOND said his own files show that A. Phllip Randolph, demonstration direc­ will affect the cause." Rustin attended a 1957 national convention tor, said in New York that the purpose of the WENT TO RUSSIA of the Communist Party, U.S.A.; had led a meeting is "to keep Congress fully informed 1958 march on Washington which the Com­ as to the purposes and objectives of the Apparently Randolph's remark calling munist newspaper, the Worker, claimed to Rustin "Mr. March-on-Washington himself" march as well as to answer questions and be a Communist project; and had served for receive suggestions." means that Rustin is being retained as dep­ · several years as secretary to Dr. Martin Luth­ uty director, despite his record. Mr. Randolph, according to the Associated er King. Press, said the meeting was called by Sena­ The Associated Press quoted Rustin as say­ The AP quoted Rustin as saying he was ing he was one of five Americans who went tors DOUGLAS, Democrat, of Illinois; JAvrrs, one of five Americans who went to Russia in Repub'Ilcan, of New York; and HABT, Demo­ to Russia in 1958 under sponsorship of a 1958 under the sponsorship of a pacifist crat, of Michigan; and by Representatives pacifist group known as the Nonviolent Ac­ group, the Nonviolent · Action Committee CELLER, Democrat, of New York; LINDSAY, tion Committee Against Nuclear Weapons. Against Nuclear Weapons. Republican, of New York; and ROOSEVELT, Rustin told the Associated Press he had This year he opened a New York office of Democrat, of California. been arrested 22 times in as many States in the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Com­ civil rlghtJ fights. He was a conscientious mittee, one of the "big six" Negro groups BAXN OR SHINE objector 1n World War II which led to his sponsoring the August 28 march on the Sy Posner, director of information for the prison term. He said he was transferred from Capital. . - civil rights march, said in' New York that the the Federal prison at Lewisburg, Pa., after Rustin speaks in a high voice with an ap­ march "will be held; rain or shine, whether organizing a protest demonstration against parent British accent. FBI records indicate Congress is in session or not." CIX-93'l 14842 'CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 13 There had been some signs that Congress Odgin.aUy. the demonstrators had been Staff personnel reported that the march might be in recess, but latest indications a.re scheduted tio report to 61 staging areas buttons retailing for a minimum of 25 cents -that it will be here August 28. tmoughout the ctty such as churches and each are "selling well." The organization Rev. Walter E. Fauntroy, chairman of the other large buildings. Each State delega­ ordered 60,000 buttons initially and more Washington coordinating committee for the tion was to have been assigned a special than 42,000 have been sold. Another 80,000 march, said in a radio interview yesterday . assembly point where the demonstrators have been ordered. that "I have every confidence that we will would be visited by their respective Senators Among those attending yesterday's meet­ not have trouble in Washington." and Representatives. ing were: the Reverend Walter E. Fauntroy, But 1n Los Angeles, Rev. Maurice A. RESERVED SEATS FOR CONGRESS chairman of the Washington coordinating Dawkins, a civil rights leader, voiced fears · committee for the march; the B.everend Ed­ of "wildcat demonstrators." Another major change is that all Mem­ ward Hailes, cochairman of the Washington Mr. Dawkins said: "We are concerned about bers of the Congress--8enators and Repre­ committee, and Roy Wilkins, executive sec­ these wildcat demonstrators, and we wish to sentatives-will be invited to witness the retary of the National Association for the eliminate a.ny possibility of violence by those "jobs and civil rights" program at the Lin­ Advancement of Colored People. who are not controlled by responsible coln Memorial. Some 500 seats will be re­ served for them. Members of Congress will leaders." (From the National Review Bulletin] As an added safeguard, Mr. Dawkins said, not be asked to speak. ON THE LEFT the marchers will be screened. "We have reinterpreted our concept of lobbying," said Mr. Randolph as he explained The Birmingham News reports that Jack EXPECT CHURCH BACKING that the 10 leaders of the march will re- H. O'Dell, a "concealed member of the na­ At lea.st 100,000 persons from member . quest a conference with President Kennedy tional committee of the Communist Party," churches of the National Council of earlier that morning. They also wm meet · was back in the employ of Rev. Martin Churches will participate, according to Dr. with congressional leaders before the mass Luther King's Southern Christian ·Leadership Anna Hedgeman, coordinator for special assembly so that they can present the march­ Conference for several months after he had events for the council's commission on re­ ers' aims to the President and legislative been kicked out for leftwing activities. ligion and race. officials. King had told reporters earlier that O'Dell "We are asking all local and State coun­ Mr. Randolph said the "mere presence of had "resigned" when his C01nmunist affilia­ cils of churches across the Nation to mobilize 100,000 or more people in the District of tions were brought to light, and that he had their own resources and cooperate with Columbia to urge passage of civil rights leg­ not been reinstated. According to the News, Catholic and Jewish groups and civil rights islation" is an effective lobbying action. after his supposed resignation O'Dell had leaders, Dr. Hedgerman said in New York, "The moral significance of the march--of represented himself occasionally as an official according to the Associated Press. whites and blacks • • • church members and of the SCLC; had worked on SCLC mailings • In his radio interview, Mr. Fauntroy ex­ labor groups marching together-will be to and fund appeals (this column mentioned a plained the three requirements for what he stress the great struggle for human dignity," while ago that some SCLC mailings utilized regards as successful demonstrations: peace­ Mr. Randolph said. the Communist-lining National Guardian's ful demonstrators, effective police, and re­ He added that he is "immensely satis­ mailing list and addressing plates) ; had sponsible government officials to hear griev­ fied" with national response to the march. traveled under SCLC auspices, once with ances. He said "the Communists will not infiltrate" King and other officers; and in at least one "Where any one of the three ingredients is the demonstration. instance had been paid by the SCLC. Fol­ absent, you're liable to have trouble," Mr. "No lunatic fringe will be involved in this lowing these disclosures, O'Dell got the boot Fauntroy said. He noted that this was what march," Mr. Randolph assured reporters. from the SCLC for the second time. Jack had happened in some Southern States, but "We have no fear of anybody infiltrating O'Dell sometimes calls himself Hunter Pitts he said he did not expect any trouble in this march. We have complete control. We O'Dell, invoked the fifth amendment in 1956 Washington because all three elements for know where our people are coming from. when asked by the Senate Internal Security "successful demonstrations" are present here. This will be an effective and positive ef­ Subcommittee whether he functioned as a Mr. Fauntroy announced also that some fort." southern district organizer for the Commu­ of the District's Roman Catholic institu- Julius Hobson, chairman of Washington nist Party. Subcommittee Counsel Robert . tions, such as Georgetown University, and CORE, who is training 500 of the 2,000 mar­ Morris later said that he had excellent infor­ some parochial schools are offering their fa­ shals who will maintain order among the mation that O'Dell fulfilled this assignment, cilities for housing demonstrators who might demonstrators, said it required 95 minutes primarily in New Orleans, under his own arrive early and remain in the city overnight. for 50 of his men to walk the original route name and the aliases John Vesey and Ben CIVIL GROUPS SUPPORT MOVE of the march yesterday. This trial run ap­ Jones. O'Dell also took the fifth on ques­ Endorsement of the march came last night parently was one reason for changing the tions about communism before the House from the Federation of Civic Associations route. · Committee on Un-American Activities. which voted "full support for a peaceful and The route of the march has been changed Another storm blew up over King when orderly demonstration." also. two southern Governors charged that he had The Baptist Ministers Conference of the The demonstrators will proceed from the Communist associations, citing his attend­ District and vicinity also has endorsed the Washington Monument Grounds to the Lin­ ance at a Labor Day gathering at Highlander march. Mr. Fauntroy said -the Washington coln Memorial in two thrusts. One line wm Folk School in Tennessee in company with Hebrew Congregation, too, has given its :walk west along Constitution Avenue to several known Communists and radicals. endorsement. Henry Bacon Drive and to the Memorial. At The controversy died down when Robert Maj. Gen. W. H. Abendroth, commanding the same time another column will move Kennedy said the FBI had no information general of the District National Guard, said west along Reflecting Pool Drive to the Me­ to confirm that King was "Communist or he had agreed to assist the Metropolitan Po­ morial. Communist-controlled," which did not quite lice Department with men from the Army The demonstrators then will mass in front answer the question. At the time of the and Air Guard units for traffic and crowd of the Lincoln Memorial, east along the Re­ gathering, King's secretary--or "secretary, control. flecting Pool to the Monument Grounds if organizer and adviser" in one account-was necessary. Details of the Lincoln Memorial Bayard Rustin, who, to put it mildly, was [From the Washington Sunday Star, program are yet to be decided. and is notable for the amount of energy he Aug. 4, 1963] There will be no individual delegations of has had for leftwing causes. Rustin worked closely, often as an officeholder, with: The ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY THOUSAND Now demonstrators visiting Capitol Hill. There War Resisters League, the World Peace Bri­ EXPECTED IN RIGHTS MARCH HERE will be no demonstrations at the White House, Mr. Randolph reported. gade, Liberation magazine, the Medical Aid (By Clarence Hunter) Demonstrators are expected to begin ar- to Cuba Committee, the second General NEW YORK, August 3.-Leaders of the . riving in the District early on August 28 and Strike for Peace, the Monroe (N.C.) Defense August 28 march on Washington for jobs "as late ·as 1 p.m. and 2 p.m.," Mr. Ran­ Committee, the Committee for Nonviolent and freedom announced today that "an as­ dolph said. The movement from the Wash­ Action, the Committee to Defend Martin semblage larger than we had anticipated" ington Monument to Lincoln Memorial will Luther King, Jr., the Greenwich Village bas forced several major changes in the con­ begin in the early afternoon, he added. Peace Center, and any number of other duct of the demonstration. groups, ad hoc committees, petitions, etc., March on Washington officials indicated PROGRAM AT MEMORIAL BRIEF few of which are arrestingly wholesome. He . that they are expecting 150,000 whites and "The program at the Lincoln Memorial will has founded a Center for Nonviolence in Dar Negroes to participate in the demonstration. be brief so the people · can leave about 5 es Salaam, Tanganyika, posed with Nkrumah, Previously they had announced that at least p.m.," he said. protested French atomic development, apolo­ 100,000 persons would visit Washington for Negro leaders planning the demonstration gized to the Japanese for U.S. atomic test­ the 1-day march. met for 3 hours in their headquarters dis­ lng, coordinated two youth marches and a The major change announced by A. Philip cussing details of the march. prayer pilgrimage to Washington, D.C_., at­ Randolph, national chairman of the march, The national budget for the march is $75,- t~nded a Communist Party convention is that the demonstrators will assemble at 000, including $15,000 to bring the poo.r and (1957), a:p.d even had _time for a sex violation the Washington Monument Grounds when jobless, especially from the South, to Wash­ in California, all in the last 10 years. or so. they arrive in the District. The overflow wm ington for ·the march, said Bayard Rustin, Nonviolence is not the way, Mrs. Anne spill into the Ellipse. deputy director of the march. Braden· told a mass meeting of Negroes a few 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 14843 weeks ago in racially troubled Danville, Va.. a handful. Their appearance has been Kennedy on the day of the Castro- speech Her message · to the group, in effect was: spotty. There were some Communists seen wrote Senator MoNRONET of the committee "Stay out of the courts and in the streets." at Cambrldge, Md., but not among the leader­ that Communist efforts to erash integra­ Mrs. Braden 1s the wife of Carl Braden, ship. None are known to have been at Dan­ tionist groups had proved "remarkably identified before HUAC as a southern district ville, Va. unsuccessful." organw.er for the Communist Party; she is So far, it is also understood that Commu­ herself the editor of Southern Patriot, which nist infiltration in local branches of Negro MORE LIGHT IS NEEDED has been cited several times as a Communist civil rights organizations has not been sig­ Well, successful or otherwise, this Commu­ frorit and is, in turn, the offshoot of another nificant. It has been reported that the Reds nist drive to infiltrate the American race cited front, the Southern Conference Edu­ are not known, as of now, to have secured im­ movement is something we need to hear cational Fund. Her husband is field secretary portant national posts in any of the major more a.bout. of the latter group. Negro civil rights organizations. The administration has played it down, Attorney General Robert Kennedy has said much as the presence of Russian men and [From the Birmingham Post-Herald, that, based on all available information from arms in Cuba was once played down. All of Aug. 8, 1963) the FBI and other sources, "We have no evi­ the information thus far about Reds in the REDS TRYING To INFil.TRATE U.S. Civn. RIGHTS dence that any of the top leaders of the race rebellion has come from reporters who STRU~GLE major civil rights groups are Communists or have dug, as I have, into material that is Communist controlled." public property, or from opponents of the (By Ray Cromley) Since the Communist inflltrators are civil rights package who would be against it WASHINGTON .-Secretary Gus Hall and the sleepers, it is not certain whether they may if there were no Communist connection American Commun1st Party are making a de­ have, unknown to the Negro civil righters, whatever. termined attempt to infiltrate the civil rights crept into lesser roles. THE PRESIDENT SHOULD SPEAK struggle. The Communist technique is to bide time, On July 11, the Communist Party U.S.A. build up contacts, friendships, and associa­ These, I say-reporters and opponents-­ issued secret orders to its members to get in tions for the future. Though the orders are should not do all the work of relating the on the August 28 Negro March on Washing­ that communism isn't to be mentioned at civil rights cause and the Communist menace. ton. In other communications, Hall and the this time, the infiltrators do have these in­ I would think that the President himself other party bosses have instructed Commu­ structions: should be warning the Negroes to beware of nists, white and Negro, to join in Negro "To patiently and persistently point out treacherous leaders who mean them and this demonstrations in their communities. that anti-Negro racism is the ideology of the country every 111. The information in this dispatch comes ruling class. This is the primary task. I would think that the Attorney General, from authoritative sources. "To combat ideologically reformist tend­ who certainly knows how often FBI Director The Reds are meeting with resistance. encies, to limit the movement to merely court Hoover has connected communism and Negro The Daily Worker of July 7 complained in -action, or other tendencies which resist mass disturbances, should tell Congress when and this regard that, "It is also a fact to be actions." how these unsuccessful Communist attempts reckoned with, that some of the most re­ The Communist infiltrators have been in­ were made to crash the integrationist spected and dedicated of the Negro people's structed to ignore what the Communist Party groups. leaders, who are themselves often the target leadership calls Red baiting by the Negro I can't imagine why proponents of civil of slanderous Red-smears, continue to in­ leaders. rights--such men as MoNRONEY, Democrat, dulge in the McCarthyite-age fashion of and SCOTT, Republican-would leave all the genuflecting before the sacred symbol of [From the Columbia Record, Aug. 9, 1963] Red-baiting to the other side. anticommunism." CUBA Is BASE FOR COMMUNIST -INFILTRATION If it's true, as seems evident, that the Com­ Some of the major Negro ·organizations OF THE NEGROES' REVOLUTION IN THE UNITED munists are trying to exploit the civil rights have already taken steps to warn their peo­ STATES issue, the best way to spoil their game is to ple of the new Corp.munist approach. The (By Holmes Alexander) expose them. · National Association for the Advancement of Colored People has research men who It's pretty hard for Attorney General Ken­ Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I nedy to go on pretending that there is no am not satisfied and many people across study the Daily Worker and the National Red tinge in the Negro revolution when Fidel Guardian in order to keep abreast of the Castro talks as he did as late as last July 26. this country are not satisfied with the twists and turns of Communist action. "And here we send another message of soli­ Attorney General's efforts to whitewash Just recently, Dr. John Morsell, assistant darity and fraternity to the U.S. Negro popu­ the question of Communist influence or to NAACP Executive Secretary Roy Wilkins, lation which has our sympathy," said Castro, involvement in these Negro demonstra­ passed around a memorandum to key per­ adding, "Let the U.S. Negroes come here tions which have been turning into race sonnel outlining the latest Communist ap­ ·• • • to see a population without discrimi­ proach and writing below it, "For your in­ riots in various cities in this country. nation." The evidence I have presented here to­ formation-what they are up to now." A SPOKESMAN FOR VIOLENCE Because of this resistance among the na­ day and on August 2 and August 7, and tional Negro leadership, the Communist Castro made an overt Communist bid for the evidence which has been presented Party U.S.A. is now sending specialized Com­ Negro popularity a few years ago when he in the Commerce Committee hearings on munists to attempt infiltration into the local visited the United Nations. That was the s. 1732-which I expect to be printed branches of the Negro civil rights organiza­ time he ostentatiously left a downtown Man­ hattan hotel and moved to one in Harlem. within the next week or two-have come tions. It is attempting to get its people in from public sources and certainly dem­ on local demonstrations. It is putting a Today one of his regular broadcasters to major emphasis on new groups led by young the United States ls the American Negro, onstrate the need for a searching and and inexperienced leaders. Robert Williams, a fugitive from justice, a thorough. investigation of this entire These Communists are "sleepers." They spokesman for putting more violence into question by the Congress~ before any ac­ have been instructed to keep their party the Negro revolution. The Williams voice tion is taken on the civil rights legisla­ of communism via Havana urges "solidarity" tion which was sent to Capitol Hill as membership and Communist sympathies a favorite term in all Red propaganda be­ secret from the public and from the Negroes tween black America and Red Cuba. a direct result of these demonstrations. they are volunteering to work with. These Then there are the two California attor­ Mr. President, a more objective news­ infiltrators have been instructed not to take paper in Washington, D.C., which cer­ overly prominent roles in civil rights demon­ neys, .Rose Rosenberg and Jean Kidwell strations, nor to openly push for violence, Pestana. Both were fingered as Communist tainly cannot be considered a racist for fear they'll be investigated and their Party members by FBI undercover agents newspaper, the Evening Star, has edi­ Communist identity become known. back in 1952. Last summer Mesdames torially raised the paint of having a Rosenberg and Pestana defied the passport determination made -on the question I This grassroots attempt to infiltrate the restrictions and paid a month-long visit to civil rights movement is currently, at least, Cuba. This summer they have been taking have pased here today because-to quote one of the major activities of the Communist part in west coast racial demonstrations. the Evening Star editorial of August 5, Party U.S.A. It is part of a longstanding 1963: Communist aim of winning over Negroes. REFERRED TO ROBERT KENNEDY In the past the party has been singularly Chairman WILLIS of the House Un-Ameri­ All concerned-both white and colored­ unsuccessful with the southern Negro. Re­ can Activities Committee has referred their have a right to know just who is working for .ports by the Justice Department have con­ cases to Robert Kennedy's Justice Depart­ the Kremlin in this matter . sistently shown membership in the South to ment for prosecution. Such action by Jus­ Mr. President, since preparing this be slight. tice, of course, would link Soviet Cuba even speech, my attention has been called It is too early to tell how successful the closer to the Negro revolution. It would to Communists will be in their current drive. take the starch of credibility out of the testi­ _an excerpt from a hearing by the In­ Reports indicate that so far the number of mony given by. Secretary Rusk to the Com­ ternal Security Subcommittee of the these secret Communists who have p'artici­ merce Committee and Bob Kennedy. Rusk Senate Judiciary Committee on February pated in most southern demonstrations have has belittled any international conspiracy to ·25 and 26, 1957. This hearing, entitled been quite small; usually, it's reported only stir up and subvert our Negro citizenry. "Scope of Soviet Activity in the United 14844 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD- SENATE August 13 States," contains- some very interesting desires of the Negro people, but is a reali­ It will, as it were, provide·an example testimony by +\{r. Frank S. Meyer of zation by the Communist _P_arty that th~t and an encouragement to local programs movement can be use~ as the most ·impor­ for local assistance. It will be a start. Woodstock, N.Y., former member of the tant and strongest cutting edge against the Communist Party, on · the question of constitutional structure of the United The National Service Corps, although Communist interest in exploiting and States, by trying to develop a removal of recruited on a national basis, will work taking over Negro organizations and division of power guaranties in the South, closely with State and local government. demonstrations in this country. I ask and, secondarily, by the fact that they be­ The Service Corps will come into the unanimous consent, Mr. Pre~ident, that lieve, as it is clear from the resolution, that community only if it is requested to do so, Mr. Meyer's testimony begininng on at this time in a prosperous country this only if there is clearly work to be done, · page 3608 of this hearing and ending at is the only place in which serious trouble and only if the community intends to can· possibly be stirred up, in which there are carry on the work on a permanent basis the top of page 3609 be printed at the serious possibilities of developing what they conclusion of these remarks. call mass struggles, of building up extra­ once it is begun. There being no objection, the testi­ constitutional and extra-legal actions, and This proposal, Mr. President, has mony was ordered to be printed in the soon. drawn an immediate response from the RECORD, as follows: I do want to emphasize, however, that less fortunate people of my State. SCOPE OF SOVIET ACTIVITY IN THE this is not in any sense a humanitarian I have received letters from the lead­ UNITED STATES position. It has nothing whatever to do ers of many native villages of Alaska. with any sympathy for the needs of the Senators will remember that I brought Generally speaking, to summarize the an­ Negro peoples themselves. But it has to do swer to your question, I feel, from the evi­ several of these letters to the attention with a feeling on their part that this is the of the Senate on the 16th of July. Since dence of the material and the resolutions point of breakthrough in the country at this passed, that all basic questions that were time. that date I have received additional let­ argued rather vigorously in the party dur­ ters, and ask unanimous consent that ing the months beforehand were solved be­ they be made a part of the RECORD at this fore the Congress opened. NATIONAL SERVICE CORPS ACT time. The convention did three things. It made a show of unity, as the Daily Worker and all The Senate resumed the consideration There being no objection, the letters the last speakers said. Foster did not win, of the bill (S. 1321) to provide for a Na­ were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Gates did not win, Dennis did not win. The tional Service Corps to strengthen com­ as follows: party won. munity service programs in the United GALENA, ALASKA, The first thing it did was that. J'Uly 16, 1963. Secondly, it developed a working agree­ States. Mr. WILLIAM ANDERSON, ment between the factions by essentially ALASKA NATIVES ENDORSE NATIONAL SERVICE President's Study Group, splitting all committees that were so far CORPS National Study Group, elected just about equally between them, Mr. BARTLET!'. Mr. President, today Washington, D.0. with the center on top. DEAR MR. ANDERSON: We received a letter Thirdly, it made a record for the courts, I speak in behalf of S. 1321, a bill to es­ from Mr. BOB BARTLETT to see if we, the vii;. or attempted to make a record for the courts, tablish a National Service Corps. I am lage of Galena, could use aid from the Peace in terms of verbiage but not of fundamentals a cosponsor of this bill. I have sup­ Corps if one was formed. on its relationship to the American free con­ ported this proposal from its inception. We here are very much in favor for Con­ stitutional process. We are a wealthy nation, the wealth­ gress to pass bill S. 1321. And fourthly, on all important questions iest in all history. We have used this We could use aid here, also, if the bill is of program, with one or two exceptions, it wealth with unparalleled generosity to passed, on processing fish, lumber, and passed on to the new national committee produ,ce. the task of making a program, only one or rebuild Europe and to assist the devel­ We remain, two questions on which I think this con­ oping peoples across the world. We have Truly yours, vention took concrete action in terms of its used it to stamp out malaria, pellagra, EDGAR "PATTY" NOLLNER, Jr., immediate program, in looking at it. Most and yaws in cooperation with the World Presi dent, Galena City Counci lmen. were passed over to the national committee. Health Organization. We have used it There was a point on the agenda, party to save many millions of people from KOTZEBUE, July 22, 1963. program, which was totally passed over. starvation · through our food-for-peace Mr. WILLIAM ANDERSON, But on one question the stand of the con­ program. Our Peace Corps is bringing President's Study Group, vention is extremely clear in all its resolu­ encouragement, hope, and friendship to National Service Program, tions, and that is the main campaign of the Washington, D.C. Communist Party at this point must be, to the illiterate and poor across the world. DEAR MR. ANDERSON: Reference is. made to use their verbiage, the extension of democ­ We are a generous nation. It is time a letter received from Senator BARTLETT in ratization in the South. That is to say, the this generosity was harnessed for the regard to a bill before Congress for a Do­ main point made by the convention in terms benefit of our own unfortunate. mestic Peace Corps for Alaska. of an immediate program fits in very well It is a paradox that within our own with an old line of Communist attitude to­ This was brought up before the council a t ward constitutional processes in America. borders, in the midst of plenty, there a regular council meeting held the 5t h of It goes back, to my knowledge, 15 years should be American citizens as poor, as July, at which time a motion was made and or so when I was rather deeply involved hungry, as unfortunate as any on earth. passed unanimously that a request be made in some theoretical work in connection with Prosperity has passed these people by. for a Peace Corps worker for Kotzebue. the so-called Negro question, and it is this: It is true they have not been forgotten This was brought about by the fact t h at To the Communist Party efforts to utilize we are a fourt h-class city, with very limiteq entirely. The social worker, the teach­ powers and finances. The council has been mass democratic mob criterion approaches er, the clergy, the many selfless dedicated rather than constitutional ones, to attempt trying for quit e some time to obtain eith er a to turn elections into plebiscites, and the people who devote their lives to the care youth counselor or recreational director for main obstacle in the structure, the const itu­ and help of the disadvantaged-these our community. tional checks-and-balances structure. people have remembered. For too long, At the present we have approximately 380 And they have recognized for 15 years, however, we Americans have let these students attending elementary school, 250 and clearly now recognize, that that point in dedicated people serve as our conscience. preschool children, and 135 high school chil­ the country at which this structure of checks They have borne the burden which right­ dren with ·an anticipated 200 to 250 high and balances has its greatest support is in ly belongs to each and every one of us. school children when the high school ls built the Senate of the United States, and specifi­ within the next 2 years. cally in the States rights structure of the The proposal which the Senate is now The city has purchased recreational and Southern States, which bring it about that considering, provides a means by which playground equipment, but have been unable the Democratic Party cannot be looked at Americans may assist their less fortu­ to m ake this readily available to the children by them as a totally people's party in their nate neighbors and, in so doing, respond due to the lack of finances for a recreat ional terms, totally a laborish kind of party, but in a real sense to the responsibilities of director. split itup. their citizenship. S. 1321 envisions a The youths at the present have no recre­ Hence, the major drive in the sense . of modest program. It will not solve the at ional facilities available, so consequently putting themselves at the head, or attempt­ problems of the illiterate, the unedu­ are at loose ends, which tends to increase our ing to put themselves at the head, to pene­ juvenile problems in the community. trate the movement of the Negro people in cated, or the unemployed. It will, ·how­ Several members of the community have the various forms it has been taking in re­ ever, show the way to communities and volunteered their services to supervise some cent years and previously, has nothing what­ organizations anxious to do something of the recreational activities; however, this ever to do with any int.erest in the aims atid about these problems in their own towns. has not been satisfactory, as their time is 1963 CONGRESSIONAL E.ECOllD- SENATE 14845 limited, and without a full-time director a POINT LAT, ALASKA, I stand ready to help in every way I good portion of the children are excluded. July 9, 1963. can. We sincerely hope that this bill ls passed Mr. WILLIAM ANDERSON, Mr. President, I should like, with his and that the request we are making 1s seri­ President's Study Group, ously considered, a.s our growing Juvenile National Service Program, permission, to ask the chairman of the problems have been of quite concern to the Washington, D.C.: subcommittee, the Senator from Ne_w council and the community. This ls to answer the outlined questions Jersey [Mr. WILLIAMS], a question or Sincerely yours, sent by Senator E. L. BARTLETT concerning two. FRANK B. STEIN, the Domestic Peace Corps. Did I correctly understand the Sena­ Mayor. ( 1) There are 16 adults and 11 children tor to inform the majority leader a few here. minutes ago that the first year's pro­ SHAGELUK, ALASKA, (2) All houses are made of store-bought July 11, 1963. lumber and plyboards with insulation and gram contemplates an expenditure of Mr. WILLIAM ANDERSON, roofing paper. Each house have one to six $5 million? President's Study Group, persons living in each. There are no material Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. The National Service Program, near the village to built houses with. All Senator is correct. Washington, D.C. material has to be ordered from the lower Mr. BARTLETT. And there would be DEAR MR. ANDERSON: I am writing to you States by boat. under the program 1,000 volunteers in at the suggestion of Senator E. L. BARTLETT, · (3) Only electricity are by privately owned the first year? of Alaska, to tell you of the ways that a small generators. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. The Domestic Peace Corps could help us in our (4) We have our water from a- pond 1½ v1llage. miles from the village. It is hauled by boat goal for the first year is 1,000 volun­ Shageluk is a small villa,ge located on the in the summer and by dogteam in the winter. teers. If the response is in any degree Innoko River about 320 miles northwest of (5) We are not able to grow any vegetable like the response achieved by the Peace Anchorage. There are 67 adults and 100 in the village. Corps abroad, I am sure there will be children living here and we are all Atha.pa.s­ (6) Two men are workin,g at the DEW line, ample applications for the selection of can Indians. We all live in log houses made one man is a storekeeper, and other men are 1,000 highly qualified persons. of spruce logs with lumber floors and roofs. living by bunting and trapping. Mr. BARTLETT. Does the Senator Most of the houses are small and have only (7) The nearest hospital 1s at Barrow, one floor. Our families are usually large so believe the 1,000 volunteers-no matter there are quite a few living in each house Alaska. how dedicated they may be, and no mat­ varying from 14 in the largest to 2 or 3 in (8) This village is too small to make any ter how efficient they may be-will be some. There are spruce trees available to future plans. sufficient in number to achieve the ob­ build new houses and to make lumber, if we Sincerely yours, jective which is sought? had a sawmill. The village does not have PATRICK TuKROOK, President, Village Council. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Quite electricity, although there is electricity at obviously not. It is hoped that in 5 the Bureau of Indian Affairs Grade School Mr. BARTLETT. It is clear, Mr. Pres­ years the program will have 5,000 vol­ and two famil1es have small light plants of ident, that the Eskimos, the Aleuts, and their own. We have a very poor water sup­ unteers. Even that number of volun­ ply and depend on rainwater for drinking the Indians of Alaska strongly desire teers serving in the various areas of water in the summer and use ice in the the assistance of Service Corps men. hardship would not accomplish all that winter. We have no fresh water supply; the There is no doubt that the corpsmen we hope to accomplish, in terms of help­ river and lake water here are not safe to would find much of value to do in the ing people in need. They will be, as the drink. We have many small gardens in the North. And, lastly, there is no doubt President and others have described village which produce fairly well. There are whatever that the lessons taught by the them, the catalyst to start programs or very few ways for the men in the village to corpsmen would be well learned by the to expand programs and which will in­ earn an adequate living. All the men trap in Alaska natives. the fall and winter, but that 1s not enough. crease the number of community volun­ There are a few Jobs at the school from time As a representative of Alaska, I have teers, for local service. to time, but most of the men have to go to seen these people make the transforma­ Mr. BARTLETT. When I testified on Anchora,ge to find summer work or to the tion from a simple, marginal existence to this bill before the Senator from New Bering Sea or Bristol Bay fish canneries. the complex civilization of today. They Jersey and the other members of the There 1s no real economy in the village itself. have the capacity and the strong desire subcommittee on May 29, I expressed The nearest hospital is in Bethel which is to become full, participating citizens of some apprehension about the fact that about 150 air miles from the village. There are no motor vehicles of any type in the the 20th century. They will make good over the length and breadth of the land village and we are isolated from all major use of the lessons taught them by the there would be only 1,000 workers in road and collllllunication systems. We re­ Service Corps. the National Service Corps. On reflec­ ceive mail three times a week by plane and The proposed Corps has drawn an im­ tion, however, I feel that it would be get two freight boats a year. We all hunt mediate response not only from Alaska far better to start with a small program. and fish to feed our families. but also from many groups across the After the Corps has gained some experi­ There are several ways in which a Domestic country. I am told that already, many ence we can consider enlarging it. Peace Corps could help us. We have decided to move our village for a number of reasons: applications have been made for Service I believe that if this program becomes we have no fresh water, we have been flooded Corps projects. Recently I had occasion effective, and if the bill in the terms now with from 2 to 3 feet of water for 2 years in to point out to William Anderson, con­ before us is passed, many communities a row and are in danger of flooding every sultant to the President on a national throughout the land will not be able to spring when the ice goes out, the village is service program, the extreme importance have any volunteers. There will not be overpopulated and there is no more room of insuring that the Service Corps give enough volunteers to go around, as the and the present site cannot support all our ear to the appeals of the truly needy and Senator from New Jersey has already people, sanitation conditions are very bad not just to the slick applications of the said. Even so, I think it is better to because of the crowding-the village is on a narrow strip of land bounded on one side by better organized, worldly, and Was}:ling­ start in this way. I am confident that the river and the other by a large lake--we ton-wise groups. Proposals of a highly the Senator from New Jersey agrees with have to go too far for wood since the supply professional nature have been made, me, or he would not have brought the in the immediate area 1s gone, and the river­ proposals very much more sophisticated bill to the floor in its present form. bank is wearing away. The Corps could help than anything the Arctic villages, the Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I us to plan our new village, our new houses, Appalachian communities, or the Harlem agree with the Senator·from Alaska that teach us sanitation procedures, and could slums could possibly provide. And, yet, also help us with our gardens and with the program should start modestly and some adult education, not only in reading it is the people from these areas who carefully, because much harm could be and writing, but also vocational training. need the help. done by misplaced good will. The selec­ We have decided to move whether or not we I am pleased that my view on this is tion of personnel must be a very careful get help from outside the village, but we shared by the Attorney General, by Mr. process. will welcome advice and help. We plan to Anderson, and by the President's study As other Senators have said already, if move in 1965, preparing the ground and cutting lumber in 1964. The . Corps could group. I am confident that when this this program approaches in its develop­ help us. I hope this information will help proposal becomes law, and the program ment the care and skill that was ap­ help you. becomes action, that the truly needy plied to the Peace Corps abroad, a con­ Sincerely yours, will receive the priority which they re­ servative start will have proven to be HAMILTON E. HAMILTON, quire, which they have been led· to ex- worth while here, as it was in the case of Chief. pect. - . . ' the Peace Corps. 14846 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 13 Mr. BARTLET!'. I referred a while sisted on being called "Mac." So I will to take home to my family when I leave ago to native communities in Alaska. just can him Mac. Mac that day had them." By the term "native" I mean Indian, reached the age of 74 years. We saw . We know that this has been the spirit Eskimo, Aleut villages. I use the term him in this setting: An immaculately of our country. The Senator is abso­ "native" to apply to any or all of those. beautiful room within a mental hospital. lutely correct. Those who have this Earlier in the year, after this proposal Very rarely does one find any beauty, spirit of service should have a program came to Congress, I wrote to many of physical or otherwise, in a mental in­ to turn to. the leaders of those villages. I was stitution, but we did in this one. In Mr. BARTLET!'. The country is vast. amazed at the response, the interest this room sat Mac with some youngsters. These people do no know where to get the taken, and the recitals in the letters as to They called him "grandpa," information they need. I appreciate what needed to be done. They indicated . He is a volunteer. He comes from the feelings of the woman to whom the a willingness to cooperate locally. town to this hospital two or three times Senator alluded. I am sure that she is Time after time people in remote vil­ a day and chats with a group of men­ a very unselfish person. lages wrote in and said, ''These are the tally sick teenagers. The results are Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I things that we need to have done. These remarkable. know she is. Unfortunately, I have for­ are the things that ought to be done. We We need more "Mac's" across our land. gotten her name. We will find it, and do not have in all cases the equipment This program is one of the ways by we will put her name in the RECORD. She required or the technical skills. We need which we hope to stimulate more people was an inspiration to us. leadership. We need guidance." to service. After the programs are Mr. BARTLETT. I believe her name This is precisely, in my opinion, what started in various communities many should be in the RECORD, together with the National Service Corps will be able to part-time volunteers will be coming in the name of the Senator's constituent furnish. to help. from New Jersey who is out in South In Alaska alone we could easily use We saw the other side, the tragic side, Dakota. 1,000 National Service Corps men. I am of the mental hospitals, where there are Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. She sure that requests will come in from the no volunteer programs. The door is is going to be quite famous. Her name native villages for at least that many. opened, patients are herded into the is in the RECORD at another point. But if we can obtain one volunteer in room, the door is closed, and they liter­ At this same hospital there was an­ each village, and establish pilot programs ally rot away in their awful condition of other thing of beauty, We walked to demonstrate what can be achieved, mental disease and mental distress. So across the grounds, and went into a we will have done very well. We will a few volunteers can go a long way ward where we saw some desperately ill have pointed the way to further progress. when it comes to helping others in need. elderly people. They were sitting there. The Nation owes a debt of gratitude to Mr. BARTLETT. What the Senator Their illness was obvious. There were the Senator from New Jersey for his lead­ has said is most revealing, It demon­ about 80 or 90 of them there. They sat ership in this endeavor. It has a real strates to me the willingness of Ameri­ in a well-appointed room, clean and importance in every State of this Union. cans to give of themselves for the sake beautiful. They were sitting in relative This legislation is moving along hope­ of others. I am sure there are many peace in their great illness, and they fully toward success. The progress this "Mac's" in this country who would be were being entertained by three delight­ bill has made 1s largely due to what he willing to give their services voluntarily, ful teenage girls playing the piano and has done and what he is doing for it. but who now do not quite know how to singing. This is another aspect. Here Mr~ WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I am go about it. They do not know to whom were three teenage girls, 14 or 15 years not worthy of the generosity of the Sen­ their offer should be made. They do of age. It shows the opportunities for ator's comments, but I cannot help but not know how to go about it. The Na­ persons of every age to express their appreciate them. It has been a pleas­ tional Service Corps would provide a human interest. ure over the months to discuss this pro­ rallying point. Mr. BARTLETT. When the world was gram with the Senator from Alaska, and I join the Senator from New Jersey in younger and I was younger along with to hear from him the responses from predicting that the number of dedicated it, the Indians and Eskimos along the the people of his state who are in need. Americans who want to help in this man­ mighty Yukon and Kuskokwin Rivers They respond favorably to this program. ner will far exceed the 1,000 provided were relatively prosperous, as compared The same is true· on the Indian reser­ for in the bill. It is impossible to calcu­ with today. Fur prices were high. vations. We visited a reservation at late how many will apply, in one form or They cut wood for the river steamers. Pine Ridge, S. Dak. There, the president another, during the first year's opera­ They caught salmon for the mail teams. of the tribal council, Chief Whirlwind tions. Mail in those days was carried by dogs. Horse, spent the full afternoon and the Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I They cut wood for the roadhouses. early evening with us. It was elear that agree with my friend from Alaska. The They provided salmon for the road­ he had tonsiderable hope for his people situation will develop. It is interesting houses. under this program. We saw the begin­ to note the personal reaction of the The advent of the airplane changed ning of the program in a private way volunteers after they have devoted them­ all that. The river steamers are gone. in Pine Ridge. A woman from the State selves to this kind of service. For ex­ The roadhouses have disappeared. The of New Jersey, highly motivated, went ample, our friend, Mac, at Osawatomie villages still remain. Thousands of to the most impoverished place I have State Hospital, told us, in reply to a those people up and down the rivers have been to in my life, a part of this Indian question, about his reason for his work. no industry now. They have no oppor­ reservation where the houses were hovels He said, "The biggest thing in my life is tunity for employment. To an extent and the economic opportunity severely to have friends. Now I have many of which distresses them they subsist on limited. There she set up a nursery for them." Government relief of one kind or an­ the sickest youngsters in the community. We hope that he has a long life, be­ other. From the testimony which has But now living in an atmosphere of cause those youngsters certainly know come to me, I do not believe that they cleanliness and kindness, they were they have a friend in Mac. want to do this. They would prefer to some of the happiest little ones I have There was also a widow at the hospital work. They are like people everywhere ever seen. This is what one volunteer who drove out two or three times a week else who want to make their way in the is doing for this community on the In­ a distance of 20 or 25 miles. She has world. They do not want to live off dian reservation. Even though the youngsters of her own at home. How­ others. However, there is no alternative. numbers are limited, where there is ever, she came to this hospital to teach Some of the villagers close to the Arctic human suffering even one individual can dramatics, among other things. We saw Circle are living in communities in which mean much to many. one of the productions of the youngsters they and their ancestors have lived for While we were at Osawatomie State whom she was helping in this way. We generations. Hospital, we saw one of the finest dem­ asked her how she felt about the work Now they are leaving. They are leav­ onstration of humanity I have ever seen she was doing, and she said, "Maybe I ing to· go to the larger communities in being enacted there by a very modest am selfish, but I think I am getting more the hope of finding employment; 1n man named Pred S. McCarthy. We im­ out of this than the youngsters I am some cases the condition of the t.errain mediately relaxed with him, and he in- working· with. I feel I have something is forcing them to move their villages. • 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 14847 In such an instance, volunteers from the pared with $60,000 to maintain an what volunteers can do in areas of pov­ National Service Corps could be of im­ American Army private,· and, of course, ertY., So .far as a national program of measw·able assistance as those people a great deal more to maintain a fully service of this kind is concerned; I do not go to build new homes. They will need paid technician? Could the same econ­ know of any similar experience except, the guidance that I referred to previ­ omy advantage of the Peace Corps be perhaps, that after the war our GI's in ously, and they will need help and in­ applied to the Domestic Peace Corps, as Italy, Greece, and other places rendered struction. This would be a fine setting it is called, or National Service Corps? truly remarkable service as volunteers for the National Service Corps. · Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Abso­ in helping youngsters. Their work is I want the Senator to know that when lutely. This is a service program. The still discussed in Europe. Some of the the roll is called on the bill, I will be Senator from Wisconsin knows that the youngsters who were helped have come standing by him and with him and vot­ volunteers would be given a modest sub­ to this country, and we have all read of ing on his side. sistence and, in addition, a $75 monthly their experiences. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. There stipend. With a ceiling of 5,000 persons The work in Kansas is probably an ex­ is no one in legislative ranks whom I in the program, I do not believe we will ample of what a governmental program would rather have on my side than the begin a program of massive spending. of recruiting volunteers can accomplish. Senator from Alaska. What he has said Even at maximum operation after 3 That is the work I have described at Osa­ today demonstrates his humanity. We years, the whole program would not cost watomie State Hospital. all know of his forceful advocacy, and as much as 1 mile of interstate highway We have seen mental hospitals close to what his support means. I have seen built in an urban area, to use another Washington where such activities have the sort of thing he has described. yardstick. No one is thinking in terms not been conducted, and the results are People are living in abject poverty and greater than $20 million, after the pro­ tragic. So we know what a volunteer in desperation in slums. This is true gram has reached its peak strength of can do if he is the right kind of volun­ not only in cities, but also on the farms. volunteer personnel. teer. I am speaking especially of Indian reser­ Mr. PROXMIRE. What about sub­ Mr. PROXMIRE. This is a national vations. Then a transformation comes. sistence? Senators have told me that in governmental program. It has its ele­ The man and his wife and family obtain their view $75 a month could amount to ments of volunteerism and sacrifice; but a little economic base. .He gets a job. a fairly good wage. Seventy-five dollars it is a national program. It is not a Out in Pine Ridge recently a fishhook is a modest sum; but if a volunteer's room State program, as in Kansas; it is not a factory was brought to the area which and board are taken care of, and other volunteer program of the kind conducted employs about 250 or 300 of the resi­ necessities, as well, such as clothing, $75 by the Gl's abroad, to which the Senator dents. Suddenly they have a little of "velvet" is better than most workers from New Jersey appropriately referred. money. Good housing has come in. All in America now enjoy, despite our high The reason why I am asking this ques­ of it has transformed their lives. As standar:d of living, tion is that while I commend the Senator one little girl said with great pride, Would the program be operated in for starting the program on a modest "How do you like my dress? My father such a way that perhaps most of the level, it seems to me it would be wise works at the fishhook factory." She was corpsmen would be operating in their to have a limited authorization. As the a human being, with new pride and home areas? Considering the serious Senator knows, I intend to offer an dignity. problems which exist in all large cities, amendment to provide for a 2-year pro­ Mr. BARTLETT. The Senator tells especially the problems of juvenile de­ gram and a dollar limitation. I believe a moving story. The conditions which linquency and of the aged, would it be there should be a second look at the pro­ the Senator has described and to which possible, in cities like New York, Chicago, gram about a year from now, with a I have referred can be found in various Cleveland, and Los Angeles, for the view to more closely defining it as a re­ parts of the country. As has been said, corpsmen to be trained within their sult of the experience gained, however it is well and good to do what we need to particular communities, so that the room brief the experience may be, the idea do, and we ought to do abroad; but we and board factor could be minimized? being to provide useful and effective also have obligations at home. The bill Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Re­ guidelines. It is perfectly obvious that will enable us, at least in a small meas­ turning to the first observation about the Committee on Appropriations cannot ure, to make a start toward meeting our the possibility that volunteers would live provide that kind of regulation. All that obligations. in some kind of luxury because room and committee can do is to provide money. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I am board were paid for: I remember, as a The authorizing legislation must be rec­ deeply grateful to my friend from child on the farm, the hired man work­ ommended by an authorizing committee. Alaska. ing for room and board and $1 a day. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. The Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, will We have come a long way from that for Senator says "all" the Committee on the Senator yield? everyone who works. Appropriations can do. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I am The work in this program is what peo­ Mr. PROXMIRE. I know it is very ple are willing to do-in other words, important. happy to yield to the Senator from they give up an opportunity for a true Wisconsin. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. "All" living wage to work at a subsistence level. that that committee can do includes the Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the As to administration of the program we colloquy between the Senator · from killing of programs. are assured that the Director of the Mr. PROXMIRE. I appreciate that. Alaska and the Senator from New Corps will save money wherever possible. Jersey emphasizes the human appeal of It seems to me that during the first 2 One of the great expenses of the Peace years of the program-in fiscal 1964 and this subject, which is the driving force Corps is the long distance traveled be­ behind it, and which is responsible for fiscal 1965-a $5 mil.lion and a $10 mil­ tween the United States and the missions lion limitation, which is all that is con­ the great enthusiasm it has inspired. abroad. The great expense of traveling I should like to ask the Senator from templated in the next 2 years, would could be reduced if, after training, the permit Congress to consider the proposal, New Jersey some questions relating to volunteers served close to home and, in objections which I believe can be antici­ which is an excellent one for humanity, some areas, lived at home. but extraordinarily vague, and on the pated tomorrow. One objection I have Mr. PROXMIRE. I shall come back to heard from Senators off the floor and in basis of the experience of 2 years pro­ that point in a moment. Has there vide for a sharper guide; otherwise, I the cloakrooms is that eventually the been any experience with similar pro­ program will cost a great deal of money. fear we could easily develop a program grams? Did the hearings bring out any which would run away from itself. It will be an expensive project. It will previous experience with this kind of cost $5 million to begin with, but the At the bottom of page 1 of the report, program, which involves serious respon­ we find the statement: possibilities of its expansion are almost sibilities and has great potentialities, unlimited. which is planned to begin at a very mod­ Beginning with a small number of volun­ Is it not true that the Peace Corps has I teers the Corps will work with the health est level? am wondering if there has and education needs of migratory farm fami­ been, among many· other things, a very b_een any experience in this area which lies, Indians living on and off reservations, economical program abroad; that it has might be used as a guide. and rural and urban slums and depressed cost something like $9,000 to maintain a Mr. WILLIA:MS of New Jersey. Our areas; the training and education of youth, Peace Corps volunteer abroad, com- national history is full of examples of particularly of school dropouts; and the care 14848 C-QNGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE August 1_3 and rehabilitation of the elderly, the dis­ cies. There are some exceptions-but instead of turning to the Federal Gov­ abled, the mentally ill, and the mentally not many. They are, by and large, only ernment?'; Tfiese volunteers· Will be retarded. in connection with 'programs with which paid a relatively modest amount. Why On page 4, we :find examples of the we have had vast experience. cannot we do this work ourselves; instead types of people who might wor,k in the It seems to me that in this case we of looking to Washington?" program, as follows: should limit the authorization to the What is the answer to that? Among men and women aged 60 and over needs in the next year or two. Mr. WILLIAMS of ·New Jersey. The who will soon retire, there are 126,000 school­ So it seems especially important that answer is that in many areas they have teachers,- 36,000 lawyers, 3,000 dietitiana, and we reconsider the unlimited aspects of not done it. They need a little help to nutritionists, 18,000 college faculty members, this proposal after listening to the criti­ get things started. There are many 12,000 social, welfare, and recreation work­ cisms by the Senator from Ohio [Mr. private areas which just do not have the ers, 11,000 librarians, 32,000 physicians, and YOUNG] which are set forth in the com­ money. 43,000 professional nurses. mittee report, and by some of our As an illustration, more than 100 I know that some people might bluntly esteemed friends on the Republican side young men of Princeton University have ask: "So what?" Some might like to see which I think have some merit. Cer­ created a program of going into the a $1 billion or $5 billion program; and tainly a 2-year limitation for a new pro­ poorer areas, such as those in the city perhaps such a. program might be de­ gram is no hardship. It does not mean of Trenton, and :finding youngsters in veloped. But it seems to me that Con­ that we are opposed to the program; it school who are retarded in one subject gress should decide whether it wants to merely means that at that time we wish or in a group of subjects; and, as volun­ do that, and not leave the decision to an to study it and apply to it the benefits of teers, they go to Trenton and help these administrator, or leave it wide open. It the experience of 2 years. children catch up. Some noble work is is provided in the bill on page 23, lines Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I am achieved. They testified before the sub­ 14 to 18: indeed happy that the Senator from committee that university students (d) There are hereby authorized to be ap­ Wisconsin and I stand on the same side could be far more effective if they had propriated to the President for the fl.seal year of the aisle, and I would be even hap­ just one person who would give the commencing July 1, 1963, not to exceed $5,- pier if we could arrange to stand together work continuity. One person who could 000,000 and for each succeeding fiscal year on this limitation, if indeed one is needed. give his full time to organizing it, to such amounts as the Congress may deter­ I believe we shall have an opportunity :finding the youngsters, to finding the mine to be necessary to carry out the pur­ this evening to consider this matter fur­ areas, and who then would organize it poses of this Act. ther, and perhaps we can discuss it in­ on a schedule, could make a great deal It is true that the most the Adminis­ formally, inasmuch as I know we shall of difference. trator could spend would be the amount not take final action on the bill today, The Governors-in a direct response the Congress appropriated. But the because many Senators are away. to the feeling of community people who Committee on Appropriations would have Mr. PROXMIRE. Is it not true that want this program-and the Senator has no guideline except the basic law on one of the great advantages of this pro­ read the hearings, and knows that more which we a.re acting today and tomorrow. gram, from its economic aspect, is that it than 50 organizations are supporting it, Mr. Wil.JLIAMS of New Jersey. When is not viewed as a permanent program people in government, from mayors to the Senator from Wisconsin votes for in any area? In other words, the Gov­ Governors-they have endorsed this the bill as it is, without amendment, the ernor of a State would request the Corps program. Senator will be voting for the bill as it to move in; and then the Corps .would At the recent Governors' conference, reads on page 23, beginning on line 23: begin to work on a particular problem the committee having jurisdiction over The number of corpsmen enrolled under in a mental institution, or on an Indian such legislation, reported -favorably on this Act shall not exceed one thousand at reservation, or in a big city slum area, the National Service Corps. any time during the fiscal year commencing and it would stay there for a brief period Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, will July 1, 1963- or a limited period. Then, after a few the Senator from New Jersey yield again That means the Senator from Wiscon­ months, or a year or so, the Corps would to me? sin will have voted to limit the number move out; would it? The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. MET­ of corpsmen to 1,000 through June 30, Meanwhile, the corpsmen from out­ CALF in the chair). Does the Senator 1964- side would be replaced by local volunteers from New Jersey yield to the Senator who would take over, presumably on a from Wisconsin? and shall not exceed five thousand at any State program basis, a city basis, a vol­ Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I time thereafter. untary basis, or by means of the program yield. That is what the Senator will be vot­ of a religious organization or a chari­ Mr. PROXMIRE. The Senator from ing for when he votes for the bill. He table institution. In otper words, this New Jersey has referred to extremely does not have to amend the bill to program would serve as a catalyst. It important testimony. It is a very im­ change the number of corpsmen. The would serve to inspire, on a practical portant fact that in the conference the Senator's limitation is in the bill now. basis, a far greater amount of charitable Governors indicated that they need the To limit the duration of the program work and constructive contributions by program and want it. to 2 years, as the Senator from Wiscon­ many Americans, but not in terms of Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Yes. sin proposes, would be false economy. I building in every city or in every State Specifically, Governor Brown, of Cali­ am sure that those who will volunteer a bureaucracy that would grow and fornia, and Governor Rosellini, of Wash­ for the work will do so in the spirit that grow. Is that correct? ington, gave us ideas in regards to the they are contributing to something of Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. That two programs which have been incor­ importance. If Congress approves a pro­ is correct. The volunteers would be porated in the bill. gram to be tried for only 2 years, the asked to move into a particular area, Mr. PROXMIRE. Does the Senator motives of the volunteers will not be and to work in a particular program. from New Jersey contemplate that in understood. · After their work in a community was cities such as New York, Chicago, or Mr. PROXMIRE. I like the idea of completed the corpsmen would go to work Cleveland, the Corps would send people this program. But I see no reason why, in another area. to do some of this work? It is very diffi­ for a program this new and this untried, Mr. PROXMIRE. Has the Senator cult for me to understand how a vast we should try to do something which we had any indication from the Governors city, with very great resources-includ­ seldom do for any other program. We as to whether they would use this pro­ ing its universities, its church .organiza­ do not do it for the space agency; our gram? It would seem to me that there tions, its charitable organizations of var­ authorization for it limits the amount would be a great tendency on the part of ious kinds, the city machinery, and so which it can spend in 1 year. We do not some groups in many States to ask the forth-would turn to the Federal Gov­ do it for the Peace Corps, the SBA, the Governors not to do it-as a matter of ernment and would say to it, "We need Youth Corps, foreign aid, most of the pride. In a. certain State, some might help for our mental institutions"---or for programs of the Department o! Health, say, "After all, we have the necessary a youth program or for something of the Education, and Welfare; we provide people, we have the necessary. funds; sort. Does the Senator from New Jersey limited authorizations for all these agen~ why cannot we solve our own problems. contemplate, for example, that to New 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 14849 York City the Corps would send volun­ Mr. PROXMIRE. At the same time, I Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. l teers from Wisconsin, Ohio, Califomia, understand that one of the reasons why thank the Senator again. or Connecticut, to do this work? the proposed legislation provides for pay Mr. President, I suggest the absence Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. In my of $75, room and board, is so that people -0f a quorum. opinion, in areas where great skill 1s re­ can be drawn into the program from an The PRESIDING OFFICER. The quired-areas where there is need for ranks, and an elite group would not be clerk will call the roll. persons with considerable training, par­ selected. The program would not engage The legislative clerk proceeded to call ticularly in youth work, and perhaps in only those who are able to afford it-­ the roll. hospitals-it would develop that the people whose incomes are sufficient so Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. right volunteer could contribute a great that they could contribute their time President, I ask unanimous consent that deal. For example, it might develop that without any great sacrifice. I anticipate further proceedings under the quorum in a slum area in New York City, a per­ that people would be drawn from all call may be dispensed with. son from Wisconsin who had the neces­ classes and backgrounds. People with­ The PRESID.ING OFFICER. With­ sary talent could have a real impact. out any great inheritance would be out objection, it is so ordered. A member of the Cabinet testified­ brought into it. Very often, particularly and I am sure his testimony is to be in recent years, those who have done found in the committee's hearing rec­ good work of the kind proposed, while PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR ord-about an area in a major city which wonderful people, are necessarily limited Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. is called "Bloody Corner." It was given economically to a small class, because President, I ask unanimous consent that that name because in that part of the only they can afford the sacrifice. Other additional staff members of the Com­ slum area of that great city a group of people must work in order to live. They mittee on Labor and Public Welfare may delinquents, or of young men who soon must earn enough to eat, to pay the rent, be granted the privilege of the floor dur­ would have become delinquents, was and so forth. By permitting the pay­ ing the debate on S. 1321, the National then to be found. He said that to that ment of the modest amount of $75, room Service Corps bill. gang of young people, who had been the and board, men and women could be Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, cause of the application of the name drawn into the program from all 180 will the Senator yield? "Bloody Corner" to that part of the city, million Americans. Millions would have Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I am came a woman; I believe she was a a reason or excuse to volunteer. You happy to yield. schoolteacher. She spent a great deal of would not have to be a person whose Mr. GOLDWATER. Does the Senator time with the boys; she gave them atten­ situation, as a result of fortunate eco­ include in the request members of the tion and guidance. He said that one nomic circumstances, would permit you minority staff, also? woman had so great an effect upon that to donate your time. Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Yes; group of young men that her influence Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. The if the Senator desires them included. was responsible for changing the entire Senator is correct. If we did not pro­ Mr. GOLDWATER. Yes. It has been pattern of their lives-with the result vide for the modest amount of $75 a the practice, but under the language of that today those men-who then were month, a great many people, who would the request, a question might be raised. youngsters-hold most responsible posi­ otherwise be qualified, would not be able The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ tions; and he enumerated the positions. to participate in the Corps. We wanted out objection, the unanimous-consent Among them are doctors, lawyers, and to fix the amount at the point at which request is granted. businessmen; and he said: we could get volunteers who have no other income and yet not have the And one of them now sits before you as a NUCLEAR TEST BAN TREATY member of the President's Cabinet. amount fixed at a level at which the volunteer asp.:ct would be lost. We de­ Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. President, So in that part of a great city, 1 per­ sired to preserve the voluntary aspect of one of the areas of gravest concern to us, son truly directed the great destinies of the program. The only way in which it as we consider the proposed limited nu­ a group of approximately 25 young men. can be done is by bare subsistence. That clear test ban treaty, 1s that of the so­ Mr. PROXMIRE. Then the Senator we have done. called next steps that will be taken on from New Jersey contemplates that by Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I the basis of the treaty. I hope to dis­ means of this proposed legislation, en­ congratulate the Senator from New cuss some of the diplomatic next steps rolled volunteers, to be paid $75 a Jersey. Between now and tomorrow I on future days and I know that many of month-they will be people very un­ hope we can get together on an amend­ my colleagues will join in the debate of usually, or in some cases uniquely, skilled ment which would provide the kind of them. But today I would like to mention in this work-will provide the assistance limitation which is traditional in con­ a step which already we may have taken, which 1s needed in mental institutions, gressional legislation, and particularly a step of profoundly serious consequence, in Indian reservations, or in slum areas; wise in a brandnew program covering a and one which I fear may have been and it is the opinion of the Senator from new area in which we have had no ex­ taken without any adequate examination New Jersey, is it, that in that connection perience. by this body or by the American people. their skills will be so unique that it would Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I I refer to the President of the United be sensible to send them to-for ex­ thank the Senator from Wisconsin for States and his recent public statements ample from California to cities such as his significant contribution to the de­ regarding a defense against ballistic mis­ New York or Chicago? bate. He has a habit of contributing to siles. The President indicated that we Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. That debate and sharpening the issues. We neither can nor should build anti­ might well be the situation. While per­ appreciate his contribution on the pres­ ICBM's. He has, in a few sentences, haps not expressly germane, I hasten ent bill. As a starting point for our dis­ seemingly sentenced to death a vital por­ to add the observation that a highly cussion we might consider the bill s. 1, tion of the defense of this Nation. The placed citizen of our country, in the early which would establish a Youth Conser­ President, whose most important job is stages of the Peace Corps, described that vation Corps, which bill was passed by to preserve and protect the United States program as a juvenile experiment. I am the Senate. That was a new program of America, has said, in effect, that he is sure that person came to regret his which contained a 5-year authorization. convinced we cannot protect this Nation phrase, because the Peace Corps has been That bill might be used as a basis for against attack by ICBM's. He has no juvenile experiment. We fully ex­ discussion. turned this into a reason for supporting pect retired people to come into the Na­ the proposed partial nuclear test ban. tional Service Corps with their talents Mr. PROXMIRE. As I recall, there The suggestion 1s made that because the and with their desire to be active. Ex­ was a.limitation of 5 years and a limited development of an anti-ICBM 1s difficult perience with the Peace Corps has amount contained in that bill. it 1s therefore impractical and we do not shown that some who have retired have Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Yes. need to test in the atmosphere and thus found themselves suddenly inactive, and Mr. PROXMIRE. As contrasted to the can approve this treaty in safety. it is fully anticipated that there will be bill now before the Senate, which con­ In short, he has said that he has al­ many qualified people in that category tains no time limitation and no amount ready taken one of the next steps some who would assist in the Corps. limitation. of us fear might be taken under such a 14850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 13 treaty-abandonment of defense proj­ · In this respect, I have just heard Sec­ enemy's targeting-because unless we ects which offer real, not paper, protec­ retary of Defense McNamara testify that tell him, he does not know just how good tion to the people of the United States. we can develop an antiballistic missile or poor it is--and will off er a measure of In a way, this single matter overshad­ system and that we are in the process of protection to the United States. ows even the treaty itself. I ask that the so doing. I asked him, rather facetious­ Further, a limited defense can have Senate and the American people exam­ ly, during the testimony, whether he had important applications, provided it is de­ ine this matter fully on its own merits visited with the President on this prob­ signed to be limited, and not just limited as well as being part of the overall pack­ lem, because I think the President and by lack of effort. By this I mean to ad­ aging for this treaty. For if this treaty the Secretary of Defense should decide dress the President's point of discrimina­ really means that we must abandon ef­ whether we can or cannot or whether we tion. Granted it is a difficult task to sep­ forts to defend ourselves against attack should or should not produce this system arate warheads from decoys, it is also a by ICBM, then I would say that we have which I feel to be a very important and difficult task for the Soviets to design a a clear challenge to the security of this . valuable adjunct to our defense. decoy to give the same radar signature Nation-a challenge that flatly refutes History is replete with examples of as a 100-megaton warhead. A defense the President's claim that no segment of high officials making erroneous state­ system limited in its design to discrimi­ our national security will be sacrificed ments on technological discoveries and nate and destroy very high-yield war­ should we approve this treaty. advances. Let us recall a few: heads seems to me to be of utmost impor­ Further, if to impress this treaty upon First. "Airships won't fly." tance. the people of the United States, the Second. "Battleships won't sink." Second, the Nike-Zeus, although only President has taken on his own any steps Third. "An ICBM can never be built," in development, has demonstrated a kill to deny the United States the protection and so forth. capability against Atlas missiles of missile defenses, then I suggest that What would be the position of the launched from Vandenburg Air Force we have taken such a fearful step that United States today if we had followed Base. Deployment of a small number we must halt immediately before every this advice while an enemy had not? of Zeus is feasible. In line with the first defense is dropped and every hope of The question seems to boil down to two point, even one Zeus which destroys one security imperiled. No treaty could close points regarding ballistic missile de­ ICBM has earned its way. such a gap in our defenses. fense: "Can we?" and "Should we?" Third, the fiscal year 1964 budget calls I regret that the President has seen fit "Can we?" is a matter of technical and for $335 million for Zeus and its follow­ to bring our defense capabilities under scientific skill. I need only to remind on, Nike-X. In addition, $100 million for such question as a part of the test ban Senators of the almost unbelievable ad­ -Defender, another anti-ICBM develop­ treaty discussion. Surely, most of us vances made within our lifetime in all ment, given highest national priority in ·would hope that there was no question fields of science and technology. And 1Y62. In Mr. McNamara's words: whatsoever of weakening America under .the pace of new discoveries is growing Whether we will be successful [in anti­ such a treaty. But the question has been faster, not slower. On the order of 50,000 ICBM development], I can't predict. But I raised by the President himself and it inventions were made last year, and new am not. prepared t.o say that there can be no must be answered. inventions are still being patented. defense against intercontinental ballistic The President has said that we cannot The question "Should we?" has the missiles. build a missile defense. Then I ask what most unforttU1ate connotation in the In fact, there are at least a half -,dozen we have built in the Nike-Zeus, which President's statement. He admits that promising paths of research toward an has destroyed Atlas missiles? Of course, defenses are possible, but states: anti-ICBM system. Now is the time to this could be called a primitive defense The defense must build huge, complex expand, not close down, the defense pat­ against missiles. But it is a defense, and missile rings a.round each city or site it wants to save-would cost $20 billion to defend only ent office. it is a step toward greater defense. the largest half dozen cities in the United And now, before it is too late, is the The President says that the Soviets States leaving the rest of the Nation open only time we may ever have to make sure cannot develop an anti-ICBM. Then to nuclear death. that this proposed partial test ban is not what are the missile defenses now de­ opening a possibly fatal gap in our de­ ployed around Leningrad? Primitive de­ What this means to me as an American fenses. At very least, the Senate should fenses they may be; but, again, they are is that if we cannot win the game by a demand an ironclad assurance that anti­ defenses, and they are steps toward shutout, we should not try to win, par­ missile development will not be inhib­ greater defense. And we must never ticularly, if it is expensive. ited by the treaty or by the President's forget that the Soviet move toward such To a defense planner it could mean personal pessimism. · defenses is vastly aided by the successes that the President is choosing to ignore Frankly, I question whether even as­ of their recent atmospheric tests, tests the integral part that U.S. national de­ surances are quite enough in this cru­ which may have made them more than fense plays in our whole deterrent pos­ cial matter. Our very life as a nation willing to pause now and revert to under­ ture. is at stake in this. We need the fullest ground blasts. The ultimate defense against ballistic inquiry. We need to know the relative What of our most recent atmospheric missiles would be to prevent the ICBM's status of our and the Soviets' missile de­ tests? Did they give us similar aid to­ from being launched. fenses and the impact of the treaty upon ward an anti-ICBM? The next best defense would be to kill them as well as the impact of unilateral Imagine a world, treaty or no treaty, each ICBM as it was launched, with some actions we may be taking under the gen­ in which the Soviets had achieved a appropriate control or emphasis on col­ eral assumptions of the treaty negotia­ substantial lead in development of an lateral damage. tion. anti-ICBM. Where then would be our The next succeeding degrees of good Prior to the President's statement deterrence? Where then would be the defense systems would be to destroy the about anti-ICBM's it was said that this sword and shield of peace? What then missile in boost phase, midcou·rse, or, treaty had little if any implications for would be the position of the Soviets to finally, terminal phase. our national security. The treaty's pro­ back their aggressions, and what would · To say that anti-ICBM is hopeless is ponents said just that. But now we be our ability to stop them? to cover 5,500 miles with a single have opened a "Pandora's box of doubt" President Kennedy is fully confident sentence. about our defenses. Those doubts must that we can put a man on the moon-no There are three main points of argu­ be resolved and any growing gaps in our mean feat-and is willing to spend $5 ment with the hopeless premise: defenses closed tightly before, in rea­ billion a year to do it. First, an imperfect defense is better son and safety, we can bring this treaty I have talked enough to competent sci­ than nothing. · to a vote. We know now that national entists and engineers who believe that a Second, there are capabilities in the security is involved. Dreams of peace good anti-ICBM, capable of protecting U.S. inventory for limited defense. cannot shut our minds to the nightmare the American people, would be no tough­ Third, there are feasible capabilities possibilities of an armed and aggressive er task. But of course it would require for sophisticated defense systems. Soviet Union able to leapfrog our deter­ an equal enthusiasm, money, and effort . Regarding the first point, even a de­ rent forces by a breakthrough in defen­ as our moon program does to accomplish. fense which does not solve the whole sive capabilities--a breakthrough made How can we fail to apply anything less problem does have value. It can pro­ possible by their past violations· of the than our best efforts to produce it? vide some deterrence, can complicate the test moratorium and then sheltered by 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 14851 the restrictions which this treaty would Although an irrigation project was begun of the wards in which the volunteers have place upon the fr~e world or i~ leaders. years ago, the I~dians do not know how to visited. The presence of the volunteers has complete it or utilize it. Without adequate also accounted for basic personality change I repeat, the President of the United water cattle cannot be bred or fed, and the in the patients, and has provided the patients States himself has cast serious doubts Indians are thus unable to use these poten­ with the impetus for substantial recovery. upon our defense capabilities and poten­ tial income producers. Specialists in irri­ National Service Corps men could expand tial as part of his consideration of this gation and ranching are needed. considerably the role of the volunteer, and treaty. Those doubts must be explored The annual tribal governmental budget increase the number of participants from the here, fully and finally, lest we vote not exceeds $400,000. But almost none of the community in that role. Here are some of ·for peace but for destruction. tribal leaders has any experience in govern­ the jobs corpsmen could do: Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. ment or business management. 1. Service coordinator: · The corpsmen The saddest fact of all is that most of the could work directly with patients, becoming President, I suggest the absence of a Oglala community groups do not even realize familiar with their needs and referring them quorum. their problems, or know their goals, or know into appropriate professional and volunteer The PRESIDING OFFICER. The how to start achieving the goals. There is therapeutic programs. clerk will call the roll. . a serious need for community development, 2. Project coordinator: The corpsmen The legislative clerk proceeded to call recreation, and adult education. could establish or expand a rehabilitation the roll. How corpsmen could help project, and lead the patients into the proj­ Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I ask ect. Some of the possible projects include: The Oglala have asked for 21 to 37 corps­ physicial education program, adult educa­ unanimous consent that the order for the men. If this project were selected, it would tion, community service program where quorum call be rescinded. be integrated into the programs of the Bu­ patients can make things for the blind and The PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ reau of Indian Affairs, and administered by the deaf, an employment agency, training in out objection, it is sq ordered. the tribal council. Supervision at the job special skills, counselling patients' families. level, where appropriate, would be by the Bu­ 3. Halfway house wor.ker: A corpsman reau of Indian Affairs. Here are some of the could live in and man a new halfway house-­ NATIONAL SERVICE CORPS ACT jobs: a transitional facility for pa,tients who re­ 1. Housing: Corpsmen with experience in quire supervision, guidance, and support The Senate resumed the consideration carpentry, plumbing, and electrical wiring while making the step back to the commu­ of the bill (S. 1321) to provide for a could act as on-the-job instructors in self­ nity. National Service Corps to strengthen help home and community building con­ 4. Case aid worker: A corps.man could community service programs in the struction. work individually in case relationships with 2. Home nursing: Nurses could rotate patients selected by the service coordinator. United States. through the community groups, teaching Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. The corpsman could also work with patients basic health and sanitation hygiene. to build supportive "companionship" rela­ President, during the debate on the Na­ S. Nursery school: Corpsmen could help tionships, lead the patients into new social tional Service Corps, it might be sug­ organize and run the first nursery school on situations, and guide them in appropriate gested that the program is vague; and the reservation. Indian children could thus modes of adjustment. it might also be suggested that perhaps learn the English language and American social customs in addition to their own. C. CRAWFORD MOUNTAIN (TENN.) HEALTH MODEL we are not working with a program that 4. Agriculture: Corpsmen could act as on­ The problem.s is carefully planned, or are not setting the-job instructors in repairing and using On Orawford Mountain in Overton and out what will be done with the projects the irrigation project. In addition, corps­ Fentress Counties in Tennessee, are six un­ that will be developed under it. The men could institute a cattle feeding program incorporated mining camps. In this isolated President's Study Committee worked which would create employment and make and depressed region, 2,430 people a.re barely long, hard, and realistically with a pro­ profitable use of the reservation's resources. subsisting. The average annual family in­ gram that has aroused a great deal of 5. Administration: Corpsmen skilled in come in the two counties is about $2,000. It public administration and business manage­ is less on the mountain. The medi-an educa­ emotion. I ask unanimous consent that ment could teach their skills to both the there be printed in the RECORD at this tion level in the two counties is less than R tribal council and the Indian public. years. It is less on the mountain. point a list of projects which have been 6. Community development: Corpsmen described and which have been talked skilled in community development-adult The total population of the two counties i,t education, vocational training, recreation­ 27,949. Yet each county has but one publ·,~ about and have been requested at the health nurse. The single nurse in Overton grassroots level, to show how specific we could work with the Indians to instill in them the ambition, desire, and enthusiasm County does visit the mountain families­ have become with the kind of project to change their social and economic situa­ for 2 days each month. The nearest doctor ·is 25 miles away, .a trip that is made only that will be done by the corpsmen. These tion. are concrete examples of what is and when something very serious comes up. But can be done. B. MASSACHUSETTS MENTAL HEALTH MODEL many families cannot afford to see the doc­ The problem.s tor. There being no objection, the material How corpsmen could help was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Massachusetts has made tremendous strides in providing for the mentally 111. The mountain community has requested as follows: Through the use of new drugs, treatments, only two corpsmen-but the project could A. OGLALA SIOUX INDIAN RESERVATION MODEL, and therapy, State health officials have been have a tremendous impact in this rural de­ .PINE RIDGE, S. DAK. able to open many doors in the field of mental pressed area. Here are the jobs the corpsmen The probl.ems rehabilitation. Yet, for four out of every five could do: The Oglala Sioux form the second largest patients, these doors remain tightly shut. 1. Nurse: A nurse-corpsman would con­ duct a visiting-nurse program, health clinics, Indian tribe in the United States: 8,500 Why? A lack of manpower to put ideas and Indians. They live on the second largest techniques into actio:q. and a lack of ward and an educational program. It is felt that reservation in the country in an area almost space for decent living and care: the nurse could help prevent deaths which In a typical back ward, 50 patients are have occurred in the community because the as large as Puerto Rico. They have enor­ people delayed the trip to the doctor. The mous problems. crowded into a physical space which would normally house two typical American nurse could also reduce the need for long More than half of the people live in old, hospitalization. badly constructed one-room frame or log famil1es; Total furnishings comprise 50 beds, 50 2. Health educator: This corpsman would houses. One percent still live in tents. The wooden chairs, 5 tables, a common toilet, and organize health facilities on the mountain, South Dakota winters are not kind-the a television set; -help develop other community facilities re­ ,average winter temperature in 1963 was One psychiatrist must be responsible for lated to health, make people aware of the about 22°, with days of -25° not uncom­ existing health facilities, and teach them how mon. The Indians lack construction skills. the entire ward-in addition to seven other wards like it. Total patients: 350; and to use these facilities. Maternal and child mortality rates are The only nonpatient contact the patient very high-almost !our times greater for D. SAN CARLOS APACHE INDIAN (ARIZONA) MODEL infants than for the non-Indian babies in has is with his attendant; therapy consists The problems almost entirely of tranquilizing medication. the area. Conquerable diseases incidence is · The San Carlos Apache Indian reservation also high. The single 49-bed hospital had How corpsmen could help spans a three-county area in east central an average daily patient census of 54 in One important solution to the manpower Arizona. . Over 4,800 Indians live on the 1962. Home instruction in health and sani­ problem has emerged in the pas,t 15 years: rough bottomland, arid semidesert, and for­ tation is badly needed. use of part-time unpaid citizens from the est-covered mountains that make up the The children are frequently retarded cul­ community. The citizen contribution has reservation's 1.6 million acres. turally when they enter school at a.ge siX been in time, energy, and humanity, and it ·Seventy-five percent are unemployed (com­ or 1;even because they have learned only the has brought marked improvement in the pared with the U.S. unemployment rate of Sioux language and customs. physical conditions and social environments · 5 to 6 percent). 14852 CONGRESSIONAL · RECORD - SENAT-E August· 13 About three-fourths of the families receive Corpsmen could also serve as "big broth­ sive health, education, delinquency, unem­ income from a tribal cattle industry-but ers'' and "big sisters" for an individual resi­ ployment and other problems. nearly half of these families receive less than dential building, and for counseling, advising, ~ere are the projects and here is what $500 annually, and another one-fourth re­ and acting as liaison between parents, in-­ corpsmen could do: · · ceive from $500 to $999 annually. stitution, and patient. 1. Improve the physical and mental"health Other tribal enterprises employ seasonal 2. Teaching aids: Corpsmen, working in of youths--both .in and out of school. workers for cotton chopping and · picking, conjunction with the institution's regular In-school youth would be helped by corps­ and cowboy work. This gives some of the teachers, could offer individual classroom men working with teachers to establish good tribe a part-time income of $600. attention and assistance in both trainable phy~ical fitness and recreational programs, Almost all of the housing is substandard. and educal;)le classes. The corpsmen might identifying mental health problems and im­ Housing generally consists of one or two eventually help initiate and develop pro­ prqving mental health, and developing a de­ poorly built rooms. Inside, up to 14 per­ grams in special classes for the mentally sire to improve physical and mental health. sons are expected to cook, eat, and sleep. retarded in nearby communities. Out-of-school youth would be aided by The houses are cold in the winter, and so 3. Recreation aids: Corpsmen could work corpsmen working with existing community oven-like in the summer that the occupants with patients unable to participate in the leaders and ag~ncies to h~lp establish recrea­ _ are forced to live outside. institution's regular physical recreation ac­ tional areas and community centers; provid­ Sanitation is deplorable. Water must be tivities, develop a total recreation program ing leadership and training in organizing carried long distances. And it must be for a particular residential building, teach youth club teams, and groups for specific heated by outside fires for cooking, bathing, intramural sports, and develop indoor ac­ purpqses; and enriching the cultural back­ and washing. tivities for inclement weather. ground of young people by providing oppor­ How corpsmen could help 4. Vocational education instructors: Corps­ tunities for them to learn music, art, etc. men could instruct patients in such skills These corpsmen would also contact adults National Service Corpsmen could demon­ as leatherwork, ceramics, machinery, radio­ to help provide leadership and build a youth strate, teach, and show by example ways for television repair, and printing. Learning a program. the San Carlos Apaches to better their stand­ trade is a vital part of the patient's reha­ 2. Work with recent school dropouts and ard of living. Here are some of the tasks bilitation. Without' it, the patient's success in the prevention of dropouts. corpsmen could perform to alleviate the as a useful, self-sufficient member of the Specific tasks would include tutoring in tribe's chronic underdevelopment, low wages community wlll be severely limited. the academic areas of grades 7-12; counsel­ for those who do work, substandard housing, ing and guidance of youth; providing for a unsanitary health conditions and practices, F. HARLAN COUNTY, KY., RURAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL recreation program; teaching crafts; or­ and low educational attainment. The jobs ganizing and leading youth groups for work would be integrated into programs of the The problems . and play; and working with school person­ Bureau of Indian Affairs. Harlan County, already burdened with an nel and existing agencies to enhance youth 1. General construction workers: Corps­ inordinate share of America's poverty and programs. men with experience in the fields of plumb­ deprivation, was hit by the most disastrous 3. Develop an educational program for ing, wiring, carpentry, and masonry could flood in its history in March of 1963. Dam­ adults. assist with the construction and maintenance age exceeded $21 million. Forty-nine homes Corpsmen would provide instruction in of self-help housing projects. were washed away and 1,500 were damaged. adult education in such fields as elementary 2. Adult education teachers: Teaching Two thousand schoolchildren were isolated academic education; subsistence farming to aides could instruct adults in such fields as for a time as 120 bridges were washed out, supplement family incomes; training in vo­ tribal, State and National Government, aca­ and roads were undermined and destroyed. cational courses such as typing, home main:. demic skllls, and tribal and business ad­ This natural disaster devastated an his­ tenance and renovation, potterymaking, ministration. toric county in southeastern Kentucky that simple crafts, opportunities for senior citi- 3. Farm aid: A corpsman could instruct in has suffered from manmade upheavals for , zenf!, and social work with families on spe- vegetable gardening, slaughtering, small ma• too many years. cific problems. · chinery maintenance and repair, and 4-H and Coal mining is the county's principal 4. Stimulate tourism and preserve the Future Farmers of America Club projects. source of income. But coal production has county's natural resources. 4. Home aid: Corpsmen could also work declined and automation has been replacing Other corpsmen are requested to work with with the people in self-help housing projects workers. From 1942 to 1962, production was local people and agencies in surveying the in such fields as nutrition, infant care, pres­ cut in half. Coal employment dropped from county for possible tourist attractions; help­ ervation of food, home management and 12,500 men to 3,183 men. ing train residents in skills needed in build­ housekeeping practices. The county's 1950 population was 75,544. ing tourism; and helping develop pilot proj­ E. CLOVER BOTTOM (TENN.) MENTAL It lost more than 21,000 people in the next ects as tourist attractions in the scenic RETARDATION MODEL decade. Almost a quarter of its current .mountains. population is unemployed. More than $6 The problems million a year is paid out in social security, G. MICHIGAN MENTAL RETARDATION MODEL Mental retardation today ranks as a major public assistance, and unemployment insur­ The problems national health, social, and economic prob­ ance benefits. The crippled, mentally retarded child lem. It is 10 times more frequent than dia­ Twelve thousand people receive surplus seems destined to be cruelly neglected. His betes, 25 times more common than muscular farm food. need for help is great-both before and after dystrophy, and 600 times more prevalent Even before the flood .hit, nearly -two out hospitalization. than polio. of three housing units were classified as In the Detroit, Mich., area, these children But most State institutions for the re­ substandard. are on long waiting lists for institutional tarded remain understaffed, overcrowded, The youth in Harlan County suffer in­ treatment. They receive virtually no serv­ and can offer little more than custodial calculable handicaps. Eighty-five percent ices whatsoever. Most of their families are care. Budgetary limitations inhibit the are undernourished. A majority of · the poor, and often have little understanding of training, education, rehabilitation, and com­ draft-age young men are rejected by the how they can help their children and them­ munity living programs essential to the cure armed services due to bad health and illiter­ selves. r and release of many retardates. One of these acy. The county has the highest percentage Result: the retarded child is left complete­ State institutions, Clover Bottom Hospital of juvenile delinquents in the State. ly unattended and uncared for. Even when and School in Donelson, Tenn., serves 1,400 School dropouts are an enormous problem. the crippled, mentally retarded children are mentally retarded children. Under the juris­ Of the 13,092 youths between 6 and 18 years treated (frequently including surgery), they diction of the State department of mental of age, nearly 20 percent are not enrolled in require care and training. But they usually health, and enjoying close working relation­ school. Nearly 60 percent dropped out of receive little of either in their homes. It ships with five nearby colleges, Clover Bot­ high school between 1958 and 1962. Median is extremely difficult for mothers to get their tom is one of the understaffed and over­ school years completed in the county is only children to the proper State home or agency crowded. It is unable to meet the total eight. One-fourth of the adult population that could give them the treatments and needs of its mentally-retarded patients, who has less than a fifth-grade education and is training required. span all age groups, degrees of retardation, classified as functionally illiterate. Only 18 Because of a shortage of personnel, no and include both sexes. percent of the residents have completed high agency is now able to provide services in the How corpsmen could help school or more. And, not surprisingly, the home for the unattended retarded child. But the Michigan Department of Mental The Tennessee Department of Mental State's last log schoolhouse can be found Health has asked for assignment of corps­ in Harlan County. Health is convinced that nonprofessionals men to help meet Clover Bottom's personnel How corpsmen could help can do effective work in this vital area. shortages. Here is what corpsmen could do. The cooperating Planning Council of Har­ How corpsmen could help 1. Social service workers: Corpsmen could lan, Ky.--composed of representatives from The Michigan Department of Mental counsel individual and group retardates in civic clubs, agenqies, public officials, and in­ Health and the Plymouth State Home and management of day-to-day experiences, com­ stitutions throughout the county_:_has re­ Training School have requested corpsmen munity adjustment, developmen:t -of social quested National Service Corpsmen to help for a home visiting program. Corpsmen skills (dress, manners, etc.). in the major attacks on the county's mas- would visit the homes of a selected list of 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 14853 Detroit families with crippled, mentally re­ Corpsm~n would not be expected to in­ With few opportunities for mutual discus­ tarded children. culcate enough sk11ls to enable the students sion, the area has been the scene of racial Corpsmen can help these children who are and adults to engage in a vocation or trade. strife and a harbor of criminal activity. iri such desperate need. And they can also Rather, the corpsmen would create sufficient Many in .the area are on public assistance help improve the lot of the poor parents of interest in the acquisition of sk1lls so that and receive surplus food. Many mothers. these children-people who are plagued with the students wlll remain in school for the are unwed, and many do not receive prenatal a multitude of misery. The corpsmen can duration of the project-36 months. At the care. bring both tangible help and a vital ray of end of this term, it is hoped that the com­ The Southeast Neighborhood House itself hope. Any by their efforts, they can inspire munity will have received the necessary is a victim of displacement and community others in the Detroit area to help and dem­ training fac111ty to enable high school grad­ transition. Caught in the path of a pro­ onstrate to the Nation the usefulness of uates to receive specific training in their de­ jected throughway, it had to vacate its long­ nonprofessional work with retarded children. sired field. time home. Now furnishing staff services Corpsmen would not have to have specific I. UPPER KENTUCKY RURAL DEVELOPMENT MODEL from scattered, borrowed quarters, the house professional talents. It is more important nevertheless is attempting a large variety that they be mature individuals, interested (PERRY, LESLIE, KNOTT, LETCHER COUNTIES) The problems of projects aimed at transforming neighbor­ in people and able to work with the lowest hood groups into a cohesive, participating socioeconomic . portion of the population. In this Appalachia region of eastern Ken­ community. Here is what .corpsmen can do. tucky, employment in the coal mines has de­ 1. Spend a ,part of each day or week work­ clined by two-thirds since 1950. Almost one­ How corpsmen could help ing with the family of the retarded child in fifth of the counties' 93,000 people were The Southeast Neighborhood House and meal preparation. dependent on mining for a livelihood before the Washington Urban League have jointly 2. Institute general health measures for 1950. Today, only 6,520 are employed in the proposed a project asking for National Serv­ better hygienic living. mines. ice Corpsmen to help tackle the area's most 3. Provide recreational and training op­ As unemployment rose, wages dropped, pressing educational and community devel­ portunities for the children. until now, the average annual per capita in­ opment problems. Here are some of the jobs 4. Train the family to provide simple come is only $1,066-less than half of the corpsmen could do: physiotherapy techniques for the children. U.S. average. 1. Corpsmen could be assigned to each of H. FRESNO (CALIF.) COMMUNITY MIGRATORY Educational attainment in the four the 10 schools in the area to organize special AND SEASONAL FARM LABOR MODEL counties is extremely low. Median school classes for the guidance of those in need. years completed by persons over 25 years of They would give instruction to all ages in The problems age is only 7.6 years. More than 12,000 of basic reading and arithmetic, Negro history, In the southwestern part of Fresno, 2,500 the 41,000 adults are classified as functionally U.S. Government, District of Columbia gov­ people dwell in a dismal slum. More than illiterate, below a fifth grade level. Only ernment, arts and crafts, cooking, and half of these are children under the age of 2,928 adults over 25 have graduated from sewing. 19. Most of the adults are agricultural farm­ high school-indicating a 93-percent drop­ 2. In addition, corpsmen could give courses workers. Some work as domestics and con­ out rate. in adult education in such fields as credit struction laborers. About 90 percent are Health and housing problems are enor­ buying, home repair, the citizen and the Negroes. Few enjoy anything approximating mous. Ninety percent of the individual law, social agencies in the District of Colum­ the kind of life that has produced the water systems are unprotected. Seventy-five bia. bountiful crops grown just a few blocks percent of the population is using unsatis­ 3. Corpsmen, working from the local cen­ away. factory sewage disposal fac111ties. More than ter, could work with people of all ages on a Half the dwelling units are classified as a third of the housing was built 33 years ago. block-by-block basis to discuss and help substandard. There are but 6 public health nurses for the resolve family, neighborhood, and other social Average annual income of these families is 4 counties--a ratio of 1 nurse per 15,000 and economic problems. between $2,000 and $2,500. people. In all of these jobs, it is planned that About four out of five fam1lies receive wel­ How corpsmen could help corpsmen would gradually be replaced by fare assistance at some time during the year. local volunteers trained for specific jobs. The high school dropout rate is 32 percent. The Upper Kentucky River Area Develop­ Reducing this rate is viewed as the ·key to ment Council, 1n cooperation with county K. KANSAS MENTAL HEALTH AND JUVENILE DE­ the area's problems: the people do not development councils in each of the four LINQUENCY INSTITUTIONAL MODEL PROJECT 'possess enough basic education to benefit counties, has requested National Service The problems from adult education and vocational train­ Corpsmen to help tackle the area's educa­ tion, health, and community development Three of the eleven institutions adminis­ ing. Because there is considerable popula­ tered by the Division of Institutional Man­ tion stab111ty in this neighborhood, an in­ problems. One group of corpsmen could be assigned agement of the Kansas State Department of crease in high school graduates would bring Social Welfare deal with ( 1) persons afflicted profound long-term benefits to the area. to public and private agencies in the counties to serve in interpreting, coordinating, and with mental illness, (2) mental retardation, How corpsmen could help stimulating programs as resource persons, and (8) boys convicted of juvenile crimes. The North Avenue Community Center, a consultants, and expediters. Some of their The Boys Industrial School in Topeka con­ settlement house serving this area, has re­ jobs might include- tains 200 boys under 16 who have been quested national service corpsmen for a club 1. Adult education instructor. committed by juvenile courts because of de­ and crafts project for children in grades 8 2. Public health specialists. linquent acts. The school provides an open through 12. The project would attack the 3. Business management consultant. reeducative community living experience root cause of poverty, illiteracy, and disease 4. Youth development supervisor. for the boys to develop in them more positive by motivating the students to stay in school. 5. Housing and construction instructor. social attitudes and values. And this would enable the students to ac­ 6. Recreation counselor. The Ozawatomie State Hospital is one of quire the vocational training and basic edu­ The model calls for a second $roup of Kansas' three State mental hospitals. The cation necessary to break the depressed­ corpsmen to work in small communities on hospital is a psychiatric center for the treat­ family cycle. various self-help projects. They would help ment of mentally 111 persons over 16 years The project could have catalytic effect, not to stimulate local leadership and would live of age. Patients come from a 22-county only in stimulating volunteer activity in the and work in the localities. The corpsmen area of southeastern Kansas. Average in­ Fresno and California area, but in providing might have sk1lls that would enable them to patient population is 1,000 persons. a model for the Nation. Here are the jobs act as public health educators, nutritionists, Parsons State Hospital and Training Cen­ corpsmen could do: nurses, and teachers. ter is one of the State's three institutions for 1. Corpsmen would work to develop the the mentally retarded. Parsons serves the interest of schoolchildren in specific voca­ J. WASHINGTON, D.C., URBAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL entire State in a multidlscipline program de­ tional areas while children are st111 in school. signed to meet the patient's neurological, Club and crafts work would be provided in The problems psychological, social, and cultural needs. automobile and farm machinery main­ In Southeast Washington, D.C.-in an area Specialists from the Menninger Foundation tenance and repair, irrigation skills, do­ bounded by Pennsylvania Avenue, St. Eliza­ serve as consultants. The goal at Parsons mestic and homemaking skills, and selected beths Hospital, and the Anacostia River east is to develop the mentally retarded children trades, depending on the interest of the to the District line-the population has in­ to the full limits of their inherent capab111- school and adult population. creased 23 percent since 1950. Most of the ties, and to return them to the community 2. Corpsmen would supply limited crafts increase was due to the in-migration of as happy, useful citizens-adjusted to their training in addition to their counsellng. nonwhites. llmitations and environments. 3. They would also contact and visit The Southeast is split into three distinct parents of the children participating in the sections: One of the District's oldest Negro How corpsmen could help program to stimulate interest in the de­ communities, a well-established white com­ The Division of Institutional Management velopment of trade sk1lls by the children munity, and a transition section in between of the Kansas State Department of Social and themselves. the two. Welfare has requested National Service 14854 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - S~ATE August 13 Corpsmen to work among the three institu­ and good relations between the farmworker persons who would become members. tions mentioned above. and the community; and to set an example of We also believe that the national admin­ The project 1s designed to provide greatly service .and demonstrate how volunteer ac­ needed personnel for person-to-person rela­ tivity may be successfully used by other com­ istrative machinery may involve a bu­ tionships with patients; to alter and improve munities having similar goals. reaucracy larger than the Corps itself. community attitudes toward the mentally m. Here are some of the projects for which I make a definite distinction between the the retarded, and the delinquent; and to corpsmen have been requested: Peace Corps, which I have wholehearted­ orient corpsmen toward ·future careers in 1. Poplar: A seasonal worker's community ly supported, and the National Service - the helping professions. Kansas has also of 2,000. Through its improvement com­ Corps, which should not be called a Peace offered to make available the highly devel­ mittee, chamber of commerce, and twoPTA's, Corps. Rather, it is a welfare proposal. oped treatment, training, and research facili­ Poplar wants corpsmen to work primarily ties of the Parsons institution as a training with youth, but also on community develop­ We are concerned as to whether or not it site for up to 50 corpsmen at a time--corps­ ment. may not have the effect of setting up a men who could be assigned not only in 2. Teviston: This town came into being duplicate department of welfare in each Kansas but in other States in the midwest when someone sold a worthless alkalai flat State. region. to Negro farm families. It is now a com­ Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the Here are some of the jobs corpsmen could munity of 300 families. Through its com­ Senator yield? do: munity improvement association, Teviston Mr. SCOTT. As to these items, I shall 1. Work with patients in wards and in cot­ has requested one corpsman to help on com­ have more to say later. tages on a one-to-one selected basis. munity development. 2. Provide companionship therapy for pa­ 3. Visalia: Like most of Tulare County, At this time I ask unanimous consent tients with special needs. two-thirds of the housing in this commu­ to have printed in the RECORD at this 3. Visit patients in their homes during nity is substandard. Visalia has requested point a letter written to me by the secre­ the period of convalescent leave. corpsmen skilled in the building and con­ tary of the Pennsylvania Department of 4. Assist special education teachers with struction trades to help the local farm­ Welfare, expressing some of his views in students who need individual attention. workers carry out a self-help housing con­ this regard. 5. Assist in work with small groups, help­ struction program. The American Friends There being no objection, the letter ing with self-care training such as dressing Service Committee would help with the edu­ and feeding and recreation. cational and organizational phase of the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, 6. Assist patients in the development of project. as follows: hobbies such as fishing and games. 4. Visalia, also the site o! the Sequoia Farm COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, 7. Assist in Boy Scout movement, and de­ Labor Association, a. worker-owned coopera­ DEPARTMENT OF PuBLYC WELFARE, velop an "Explorer Post" at the Boys Indus­ tive with 150 member farm laborers-two­ Harrisburg, August 7, 1963. trial School. thirds of Mexican-American background­ Hon. HUGH Sco'l"I', 8. Assist in music, occupational speech and wants corpsmen to teach adults such U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. recreation therapy, and education. subjects as basic English, mathematics, gov­ DEAR HUGH: The proposal of a National 9. Serve as soc.ial work aids, carrying out ernment, citizenship requirements, credit Service Corps is of immediate interest to the specific assignments under supervision. and money management, homemaking, and Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare nutrition. and to the new interdepartmental Governor's L. SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY (CALIF.) MIGRATORY 5. Earlimart: Children of farm laborers Council for Human Services. It is our opin­ AND SEASONAL FARM LABOR MODEL comprise 75 percent of this conununity's ion, based on the serious problems of school The problems school enrollment. Through a local com­ dropouts and youth unemployment coupled Some of the richest farming land in the Inittee, corpsmen have been requested to with the rapid acceleration of economic and world can be found in the southern part of carry on a variety of projects, including social change, that the ideas for volunteer the San Joaquin Valley in Tulare and Kern teaching farm mothers how to purchase and service embodied in the National Service Counties, Calif. prepare healthful and econoxnical foods, Corps bill are sound. Som.e of the most depressed families of home maintenance and sewing, raising and The problems the proposed Corps sets out Inigratory and seasonal farmworkers in preserving much of their food; providing to solve are similar to those that this depart­ America can also be found there. leadership and training in setting up child ment and the other departments in the Gov­ Many of the farmworkers have settled per­ care centers for mothers who must work in ernor's Council for Human Service work on manently in the area. Typical valley com­ the fields; instruction on setting up co­ constantly. The critical problems of educa­ munities have populations of 8,000. But operative projects; vocational education of tion, mental retardation .and mental illness, during the growing season, thousands of farmworkers so they can work in more than dependency, neglect and delinquency, migra­ seasonal local and migratory workers are one crop area; and helping the local schools tory farm children, rural poverty, and the needed for the harvest; the size of the labor to determine the classroom materials most handicaps of slum life, are our intimate and force swells as much as 250 percent. These useful with children of farm laborers. mandated concerns. people come from all parts of the Nation and 6. Arvin-Lamont Farm Labor Camp and However. we have questions about the na­ settle on the fringe of the older communi­ Weedpatch: Through local school, health, tional administrative machinery which is ties or on the alkali flats or wherever they labor camp management, church and health­ proposed for the Corps. It seems more log­ can find a patch of land. These workers recreation councils, this Inigrant center, ical that the national service idea be imple­ boost the population of the valley towns by which has up to 3,000 migrants in peak sea­ mented in the various States through exist­ as much as 40 percent. sons, has asked for corpsmen-including ing operating State government structures. Quarters are cramped and income is low. teachers-for remedial work with children This Commonwealth could benefit from a The average farmworker's family in the area who are behind in school or who have lan­ national service program which would be contains 5.5 persons. His health and that of guage barriers, a recreation leader who will integrated into the many and varied State his family suffer from neglect. Illiteracy, help coordinate and lead a recreation pro­ services now being offered. language barriers, ignorance of basic sani­ gram, particularly !or children who presently The Federal Government should provide tation practices, cultural isolation, a sense of are left alone while their parents work in the funds, leadership, ideas and even procedures. being unwelcome-all these things create a fields; and a community resource worker, However, the development of projects, re­ wide gap between the migrant and the com­ who will help the migrants find the existing cruitment and management should be munities' permanent citizens. community resources in tiine of need. handled by each State. While I recognize Local schools, health and welfare agen­ 7. Wasco: This migratory farmworker set­ that not all States wlll participate, a State cies-already overburdened-must stretch tlement has requested corpsmen to work operated program will be more effective than their services and budgets to cope with the with elementary school-age students, both a federally operated one. And the program. migrants' many problems. in school and at the migratory camp; to work that results will be integrated into each Then, as the growing season draws to a in setting up a recreation program for young State's program; will mesh with existing close, competition for the dwindling Jobs pro­ people, to instruct in personal and dental services; will allow for more effective pro­ duces even more friction in the community. health, and to help teach basic English to gram planning and will provide more of a How corpsmen could help youths with language problems. guarantee for continued effort. It was good to have the opportunity to The State of California and a number of Mr. SCOT!'. Mr. President, I propose ch.at with you about this program, and I public and private organizations in agricul­ to have more to say later on the National hope that my thoughts on the subject may tural communities of Tulare and Kern Service Corps. There are in it areas of be helpful. Counties have requested National Service With warm regards. Corpsmen for a community development considerable concern to me and to my Commonwealth, particularly with regard Sincerely yours, project. The project has three goals: to help ARLIN M. ADAMS, Secretary. the migratory and seasonal worker and his to our feeling that .such a program would family to help themselves to improve their be better administered at the State level. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I invite homes, neighborhoods, and grow into self­ I am further concerned about the cost the attention of the Senator to my reliant citizens; to improve- understanding of the program relative to the number of amendment, No. 138, which I offered in 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE· 14855 committee and which I propose to offer However, the Senator is familiar with I shall want to consider what the cost of later. It provides that half of the the great impact that even 10,000 volun­ the program may be later; how much it amount shall be appropriated for the teers have had in countries abroad in would cost Pennsylvania; the number of purpose of enabling State agencies to se­ meeting peoples' welfare needs. volunteers that could be expected from lect and train enrollees in the Corps and Mr. SCOTT. I appreciate the Sena­ Pennsylvania; and whether or not my to administer the projects carried out tor's comment. I draw a distinction be­ State, using it not selfishly or as a sec­ under the act, the theory being that tween the Peace Corps, which is an tional argument, but rather as a com­ there be fallowed an analogy with the agency working abroad, and the small parison with other States, would benefit National Guard; that half the Corps be domestic service corps, which appears to in proportion to the amount of money State trained and working for the State. duplicate, or, at best, mildly supplement expended. I shall spell out the purpose of my the continuing and numerous programs The Senator knows that while I am not amendment in more detail during the of the Federal and State Governments, opposed to the use of Federal funds in debate. It would enable the State to with the 35 million volunteers. aid of the general welfare, and that I train the people more economically, be­ One of the big differences is that the support many such programs, neverthe­ cause it would greatly broaden the gov­ Peace Corps goes into undeveloped coun­ less what I must ask myself, at least, is: ernmental agencies which would be en­ tries, and behind it is the full prestige of Will the program justify the cost? Is it gaged in the training. In other words, the American Government in offering a a foot in the door, to become a vast em­ my amendment would provide that half type of service which is not yet available pire, as some other small programs of the appropriations would be made in those countries. Those countries, for have become? Are we justified at this available to the States to do their own example, do not have 20 or 25 percent of time, in view of our obligations in other enlisting and training, but in accord with their people as volunteers already in wel­ areas, in going ahead with this program? Federal standards of compensation and fare and charitable programs; also, in Is it a duplication of other programs? membership in the corps, very much like most of those countries, there are no pro­ I recall that the National Science the programs under which the National grams at all. The members of the Peace Foundation began as a $10 million pro­ Guard and ROTC operate today. Corps are welcome, first, because they gram. I remember the debate on it, In view of the Senator's interest, I do offer an opportunity to teach people when I was a Member of the other body. thought he might want to know that how to teach others, to teach farmers We were assured that that amount would that amendment is printed and available how to farm, to teach scientists how to be enough to get the program well under­ to him. obtain and use laboratories, and to begin way; and that it would not cost too much Mr. SCOTT. I appreciate the com­ at the beginning with matters which we more than that in succeeding years. I do ments of the distinguished Senator from have known for anywhere from 10 to 150 not know whether it costs $50 or $100 New York. What he has said goes in years. million more now. I know it does valu­ the direction in which I am especially The difference to me also is in the fact able work, but I also know it has grown so interested. I hope that after it has been that foreign governments would welcome large that it occupies huge buildings. It fully explained I shall be able to support the Peace Corps for the money they bring serves a useful purpose, and huge num­ his amendment as a partial step toward in, even if they were to accomplish very bers of Federal employees are engaged the improvement of the bill, reserving little. This is not the case. I believe in its activities. my decision as to final action on the the Peace Corps accomplishes a great But my concern is whether a program bill. deal of good in many parts of the world. that will cost from $4 to $6 million now At this point I wish to comment on The comparison is not close or particu­ will cost $60 million 3 years from now, the statement made by Mr. David L. larly apt, since the proposed program is or $600 million 10 years from now. Hackett, special assistant to the At­ not a peace corps, or domestic peace If we are to be guided in the future torney General, which appears at page corps, as it has been called. In the first by the light of the past, there would be 4369 of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, in place, it would not be much of a corps, some reason for believing that the na­ which Mr. Hackett points out that there because it would consist of 5,000 volun­ tional service program might never get are approximately 35 million volunteers teers. Secondly, it has nothing to do off the books. So I am trying to ap­ in the country and that he feels there is with peace, unless it means peace on the proach the question neither from the need for many more. Reference is made city streets by solving some of the prob­ conservative standpoint, that· anything to the fact that the program might be lems of dropouts, for example, which it done to help the welfare of the people desirable, among other reasons, because can help to solve, and with respect to might be automatically looked upon with it would have both prestige value and which other programs already exist. It suspicion; nor from the liberal stand­ serve as a catalyst in getting people is domestic. However, I believe that is point, that all the Federal money we with talent and resources, who are not the only part of the title that applies. can get to distribute among people is, . now involved in community problems, to I feel that the use of the term "Peace per se, a good thing; I am caught again become interested. Corps"-- in the dilemma of the moderate, who is I am struck by the wide disparity be­ Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. If I trying to ascertain whether the bill tween a program calling for 200 or 500 may interrupt the Senator, I believe he would serve a good purpose, bearing in volunteers in the beginning, and contem­ is wasting his time, because the title of mind the cost and the purpose. plating no more than 5,000 over a 5-year the bill is "The National Service Corps." Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I ap­ period, and a pool of 35 million volun­ It is not a peace corps. There is no ref­ preciate the Senator's objectivity. I am teers. erence to it in the bill as the Peace Corps. sure that all the questions to which he The program is either good, in which Mr. SCOTT. I am aware of the title has addressed himself are important in case it is a drop in the bucket; or it is of the bill. I am sure, though, that his mind. However, I believe the record bad, in which case it seems to me the many times during the debate the term will help him to reach the conclusion States should properly be entrusted with "Domestic Peace Corps" will appear, as it that he will vote for the bill, because it the solution of the problem. usually appears in the press, rather than is not a bill to create a bureaucratic I shall have more to say on this sub­ as the National Service Corps. empire. It will not establish a ·$60 mil­ ject. I thought that at this time I should I am somewhat afraid that this pro­ lion program in from 3 to 5 years, be­ express my thoughts on the subject. posal is comparable to a small bird flying cause the bill provides a ceiling of 5,000 Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. on the back of an eagle. It is sought to volunteers. President, in terms of the small numbers gain the benefit of some of the good will Perhaps at a later time a terminal and the great need, I am sure that the engendered by the Peace Corps and some date can be fixed-5, 6, or 7 years. I Peace Corps, which the Senator sup­ of the general approval that the Peace think these problems can be solved to ported and continues to suppcrt, might Corps has received, and to apply some the Senator's complete satisfaction. be used as a reference. I understand of that benefit to a program which is The poverty of the people in many of there are approximately 10,000 people in hardly analogous. the areas to which we addressed our­ the Peace Corps abroad, operating in I have not said I will finally vote selves in the bill, of which the Senator scores of countries. The needs of the against the bill, because I am really giv­ speaks, is not precisely analogous to the world are a little greater than our own. ing it extremely careful consideration. poverty to be found abroad. I do not 14856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 14 know how many migratory farm com­ Relations Committee be permitted to munities the Senator has visited.. I do SENATE meet during the session of the Senate not know how many Indian reservations WEDNESDAY, AUGUST tomorrow. he has visited. I do not know how ma.,ny 14, 1963 Mr. JOHNSTON. Mr. President, I do public mental institutions he has been The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, not object to the request for permission in-- and was called to order by the President for the committee to meet tomorrow Mr. SCOTT. The Senator means "he pro tempore. during the session of the Senate; but I has visited.," I suppose. The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown shall appreciate it if the majority leader, Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I as­ Harris, D.D., offered the following when such unanimous consent is re­ sure the Senator that that was an unin­ prayer: quested, will see to it that I am notified tentional misstatement. at my office. However, at this time, I Mr. SCOT!'. The Senator from Penn­ God of all the races and all the na­ do not plan to object to such requests sylvania, so far as he is aware, has never tions, our best contrivings, our wisest for authority for committees to meet been in a mental institution; he has vis­ plans, will stand out as but mute monu­ during the sessions of the Senate. ited some of them. ments of futility in a valley of dry bones Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. There unless upon them all Thou shalt breathe was no improper meaning behind my the breath of life. COMMITTEE MEETING DURING statement. As the Senator knows, I paid If, at last, chastened by Thine im­ SENATE SESSION mutable laws, a sadly sundered world him a high compliment when we were Subsequently, on request of Mr. HUM­ speaking to a group of young persons is to leave behind exploitations, recrimi­ nations, suspicions, and hatred, and PHREY, and by unanimous consent, the from 20 or 30 different countries. I at­ Subcommittee on Retirement of the tributed the Senator's education to Har­ march together, no matter how long the way, toward a fairer earth in which na­ Committee on Post Office and Civil Serv­ vard. How much more respect could ice was authorized to meet during the I have shown him? My statement was tion shall not lift up sword against na­ session of the Senate today. erroneous, but that shows the respect I tion, nor learn war any more, then only have for the Senator. Thy pillar of cloud and of fire can lead Mr. SCOT!'. I appreciate the com­ to that golden era. REPORTS OF COMMITI'EES ment the Senator made at that time. He In this high hour of dawning hope, The following reports of committees was not only incorrect in attributing to when the fear-haunted eyes of untold were submitted: millions see above the mushrooming ter­ me the high virtue and great privilege of By Mr. JORDAN of North Carolina, from attending Harvard; he was even wider ror a faint rainbow which speaks of the Committee on Rules and Administration, of the mark in assuming I would even deliverance from the threatening without amendment: · have wanted to attend Harvard. I am scourge, we lift to Thee our fervent H.R. 7043. An act to amend the act of quite satisfied with having attended the prayer, "Send out Thy light and truth, March 2, 1931, to provide that. certain pro­ University of Pennsylvania, the Univer­ let them lead us; from the city of de­ ceedings of the Veterans of World War I of sity of Virginia, and Randolph-Macon struction, let them bring us to Thy holy the United States, Incorporated, shall be hill of life and peace." printed as a House document, and for other College. purposes (Rept. No. 392); I am sure that all the products of In the ever-blessed name ·or the One S. Res.174. Resolution authorizing the Harvard which are showered upon us, who came to bring life more abundantly printing of additional copies of the com­ unabated and seemingly without limit, to all who walk His way. Amen. mittee print entitled "Staffing Procedures are an unmixed blessing. and Problems in the Soviet Union" (Rept. No. 393); Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. I THE JOURNAL knew the day would come when the Sen­ S. Res. 177. Resolution authorizing the ator from Pennsylvania and I would be On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and printing of additional copies of the joint by unanimous consent, the reading of committee print entitled "The Federal Rev­ in complete agreement on something. enue System: Facts and Problems, 1.961" Mr. SCOT!'. My esteem for the Sen­ the Journal of the proceedings of Tues­ day, August 13, 1963, was dispensed with. (Rept. No. 394) ; and ator from New Jersey has been enhanced H. Con. Res. 194. Concurrent resolution to a great degree in the past few min­ authorizing the printing of additional copies utes, although I have always had ex­ MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT of the "Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag" tremely high regard for him. I thank (Rept. No. 395). him sincerely. Messages in writing from the Presi­ I am honestly trying to make up my dent of the United States .submitting nominations were communicated to the ADDITIONAL FUNDS FOR COMMIT­ mind on the bill. I shall follow the de­ TEE ON LABOR AND PUBLIC bate with deep interest. Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secre­ WELFARE-REPORT OF A COM-· Mr. Wll,LIAMS of New Jersey. Again, taries. I thank the Senator from Pennsylvania. · MITI'EE EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED Mr. mLL, from the Committee on As in executive session, Labor and Public Welfare, reported the ADJOURNMENT The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be­ following resolution (S. Res. 182); which fore the Senate messages from the was referred to the Committee on Rules Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr. and Administration: President, I move that the Senate ad­ President of the United States submit­ journ until noon tomorrow. ting sundry nominations, which were · Resolved, That the Committee on Labor . and Public Welfare hereby is authorized to The motion was agreed to; and (at 3 referred to the Committee on Armed Services. expend from the contingent fund of the Sen­ o'clock and ·56 minutes p.m.) the Senate ate, during the Eighty-eighth Congress, adjourned. until tomorrow, Wednesday, (For nominations this day received, $15,000 in addition to the amount, and for August 14, 1963, at 12 o'clock meridian. see the end of Senate proceedings.) the same purpose, specified in section 134 (a) o.f the Legislative Reorganization Act ap­ proved. August 2, 1946. LIMITATION OF STATEMENTS DUR­ NOMINATION ING MORNING HOUR TO PRINT AS A SENATE DOCUMENT Executive nomination received by the. On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and Senate August 13, 1963: by unanimous consent, statements dur­ CERTAIN MATERIALS RELATING IN THE ARMY ing the morning hour were ordered TO RULE XXII (CLOTURE)­ The following-named officer under the limited to 3 minut~s._ REPORT OF A COMMITTEE provisions of title 10, United States Code, Mr. HAYDEN, from the Committee on section 3066, to be assigned to a position of importance and responsibility designated ' Rules and Administration, reported. an COMMITTEE MEETING DURING SEN- original resolution (S. Res. 184).; which by the President under subsection (a) of . ATE SESSION TOMORROW section 3066, in grade as follows: · was placed on.the calepdar, as follows: Maj. Gen. Robert Hackett, 018380, U.S. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I Resolved, That there be printed as a Sen­ Army, in the grade of lieutenant general. ask unanimous consent that the Foreign ate document certain portions of the compi-