Medium Format Camera Advantages 2
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What Resolution Should Your Images Be?
What Resolution Should Your Images Be? The best way to determine the optimum resolution is to think about the final use of your images. For publication you’ll need the highest resolution, for desktop printing lower, and for web or classroom use, lower still. The following table is a general guide; detailed explanations follow. Use Pixel Size Resolution Preferred Approx. File File Format Size Projected in class About 1024 pixels wide 102 DPI JPEG 300–600 K for a horizontal image; or 768 pixels high for a vertical one Web site About 400–600 pixels 72 DPI JPEG 20–200 K wide for a large image; 100–200 for a thumbnail image Printed in a book Multiply intended print 300 DPI EPS or TIFF 6–10 MB or art magazine size by resolution; e.g. an image to be printed as 6” W x 4” H would be 1800 x 1200 pixels. Printed on a Multiply intended print 200 DPI EPS or TIFF 2-3 MB laserwriter size by resolution; e.g. an image to be printed as 6” W x 4” H would be 1200 x 800 pixels. Digital Camera Photos Digital cameras have a range of preset resolutions which vary from camera to camera. Designation Resolution Max. Image size at Printable size on 300 DPI a color printer 4 Megapixels 2272 x 1704 pixels 7.5” x 5.7” 12” x 9” 3 Megapixels 2048 x 1536 pixels 6.8” x 5” 11” x 8.5” 2 Megapixels 1600 x 1200 pixels 5.3” x 4” 6” x 4” 1 Megapixel 1024 x 768 pixels 3.5” x 2.5” 5” x 3 If you can, you generally want to shoot larger than you need, then sharpen the image and reduce its size in Photoshop. -
Test Pentax 645D an Accessible Medium Format DSLR?
Test Pentax 645D An accessible medium format DSLR? o announce a camera costing With time, cameras evolved, and The 645D sports digital SLR will have no problem card followed by the other, etc.) €10,000 as "accessible" might today the most modern models the classic form of a solid medium working with a 645D. As the overall The Raw format used is DNG, and T sound somewhat strange to (Hasselblad H and Leica S) have format camera. It ergonomics are based on highly in- images can be read directly by many photographers. The term de- abandoned the "body plus inter- is pleasing to tuitive controls, you can instantly Adobe software. Other Raw conver- serves a few explanations. Finan- changeable back" form for a solid handle and find your way around. ters (DxO and others) should very cially, it is justified because a 40 architecture that enables a more ef- comfortable to Original functions are also found use: Pentax has shortly be able to read 645D files. Mpix digital medium format cur- ficient design. This is the type of given it the very in the 645D, for example double The camera handles nicely. The rently sells for more than €15,000, construction used by Pentax. best in APS-C SLR level (front/back and right/left tilt), a grip, which seems a little uncomfor- whereas the Pentax 654D is at The "body plus separate back" ar- ergonomics. A misty landscape Use in the handheld position would be good! camera is less rapid (continuous very useful feature for shooting table at first, turns out to be very ef- Jpeg and Raw €9,900 (including VAT). -
Foveon FO18-50-F19 4.5 MP X3 Direct Image Sensor
® Foveon FO18-50-F19 4.5 MP X3 Direct Image Sensor Features The Foveon FO18-50-F19 is a 1/1.8-inch CMOS direct image sensor that incorporates breakthrough Foveon X3 technology. Foveon X3 direct image sensors Foveon X3® Technology • A stack of three pixels captures superior color capture full-measured color images through a unique stacked pixel sensor design. fidelity by measuring full color at every point By capturing full-measured color images, the need for color interpolation and in the captured image. artifact-reducing blur filters is eliminated. The Foveon FO18-50-F19 features the • Images have improved sharpness and immunity to color artifacts (moiré). powerful VPS (Variable Pixel Size) capability. VPS provides the on-chip capabil- • Foveon X3 technology directly converts light ity of grouping neighboring pixels together to form larger pixels that are optimal of all colors into useful signal information at every point in the captured image—no light for high frame rate, reduced noise, or dual mode still/video applications. Other absorbing filters are used to block out light. advanced features include: low fixed pattern noise, ultra-low power consumption, Variable Pixel Size (VPS) Capability and integrated digital control. • Neighboring pixels can be grouped together on-chip to obtain the effect of a larger pixel. • Enables flexible video capture at a variety of resolutions. • Enables higher ISO mode at lower resolutions. Analog Biases Row Row Digital Supplies • Reduces noise by combining pixels. Pixel Array Analog Supplies Readout Reset 1440 columns x 1088 rows x 3 layers On-Chip A/D Conversion Control Control • Integrated 12-bit A/D converter running at up to 40 MHz. -
KODAK Advantix Films
TECHNICAL DATA / ADVANCED PHOTO SYSTEM February 2002 • E-7003 KODAK ADVANTiX Films Welcome to the innovative world of the Advanced Photo Kodak offers three color negative films for the Advanced System and KODAK ADVANTiX Films! Photo System. These films share the following features: At the heart of the Advanced Photo System, KODAK ADVANTiX Films are truly hybrid products. They use Features Benefits breakthrough photographic emulsion and coating • KODAK Film Safe • Worry-free, drop-in loading technologies to deliver excellent image quality in the smaller Cassette • Automatic film threading and rewinding film format. • Safe storage of negatives At the same time, Kodak’s magnetics technology enables • Index print of all exposures coating the entire surface of the film with a transparent • Choice of picture • “Classic,” similar to 35 mm prints magnetic layer. This layer records digital information that formats on the same • “Group,” for slightly wider shots links all Advanced Photo System components through roll • “Pan,” for panoramic scenes information exchange (IX). IX permits communication • Film Status Indicator • Easy identification of status of between you, the camera, the film, and the photofinishing (FSI) on cassette film inside the cassette— unexposed, partially exposed, equipment in the lab that processes and prints your film. exposed, or processed ADVANTiX Films come in a unique elliptical film • Choice of film speed • Selection of 100-, 200-, or cassette called a KODAK Film Safe Cassette. A code 400-speed film number is assigned to each cassette and the film inside. The • Information Exchange • Exposure and print format data number enables automatic rematching of the cassette and (IX) recorded on the film to optimize film in photofinishing operations. -
Single-Pixel Imaging Via Compressive Sampling
© DIGITAL VISION Single-Pixel Imaging via Compressive Sampling [Building simpler, smaller, and less-expensive digital cameras] Marco F. Duarte, umans are visual animals, and imaging sensors that extend our reach— [ cameras—have improved dramatically in recent times thanks to the intro- Mark A. Davenport, duction of CCD and CMOS digital technology. Consumer digital cameras in Dharmpal Takhar, the megapixel range are now ubiquitous thanks to the happy coincidence that the semiconductor material of choice for large-scale electronics inte- Jason N. Laska, Ting Sun, Hgration (silicon) also happens to readily convert photons at visual wavelengths into elec- Kevin F. Kelly, and trons. On the contrary, imaging at wavelengths where silicon is blind is considerably Richard G. Baraniuk more complicated, bulky, and expensive. Thus, for comparable resolution, a US$500 digi- ] tal camera for the visible becomes a US$50,000 camera for the infrared. In this article, we present a new approach to building simpler, smaller, and cheaper digital cameras that can operate efficiently across a much broader spectral range than conventional silicon-based cameras. Our approach fuses a new camera architecture Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MSP.2007.914730 1053-5888/08/$25.00©2008IEEE IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE [83] MARCH 2008 based on a digital micromirror device (DMD—see “Spatial Light Our “single-pixel” CS camera architecture is basically an Modulators”) with the new mathematical theory and algorithms optical computer (comprising a DMD, two lenses, a single pho- of compressive sampling (CS—see “CS in a Nutshell”). ton detector, and an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter) that com- CS combines sampling and compression into a single non- putes random linear measurements of the scene under view. -
FILM FORMATS ------8 Mm Film Is a Motion Picture Film Format in Which the Filmstrip Is Eight Millimeters Wide
FILM FORMATS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 mm film is a motion picture film format in which the filmstrip is eight millimeters wide. It exists in two main versions: regular or standard 8 mm and Super 8. There are also two other varieties of Super 8 which require different cameras but which produce a final film with the same dimensions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Standard 8 The standard 8 mm film format was developed by the Eastman Kodak company during the Great Depression and released on the market in 1932 to create a home movie format less expensive than 16 mm. The film spools actually contain a 16 mm film with twice as many perforations along each edge than normal 16 mm film, which is only exposed along half of its width. When the film reaches its end in the takeup spool, the camera is opened and the spools in the camera are flipped and swapped (the design of the spool hole ensures that this happens properly) and the same film is exposed along the side of the film left unexposed on the first loading. During processing, the film is split down the middle, resulting in two lengths of 8 mm film, each with a single row of perforations along one edge, so fitting four times as many frames in the same amount of 16 mm film. Because the spool was reversed after filming on one side to allow filming on the other side the format was sometime called Double 8. The framesize of 8 mm is 4,8 x 3,5 mm and 1 m film contains 264 pictures. -
Irix 45Mm F1.4
Explore the magic of medium format photography with the Irix 45mm f/1.4 lens equipped with the native mount for Fujifilm GFX cameras! The Irix Lens brand introduces a standard 45mm wide-angle lens with a dedicated mount that can be used with Fujifilm GFX series cameras equipped with medium format sensors. Digital medium format is a nod to traditional analog photography and a return to the roots that defined the vividness and quality of the image captured in photos. Today, the Irix brand offers creators, who seek iconic image quality combined with mystical vividness, a tool that will allow them to realize their wildest creative visions - the Irix 45mm f / 1.4 G-mount lens. It is an innovative product because as a precursor, it paves the way for standard wide-angle lenses with low aperture, which are able to cope with medium format sensors. The maximum aperture value of f/1.4 and the sensor size of Fujifilm GFX series cameras ensure not only a shallow depth of field, but also smooth transitions between individual focus areas and a high dynamic range. The wide f/1.4 aperture enables you to capture a clear background separation and work in low light conditions, and thanks to the excellent optical performance, which consists of high sharpness, negligible amount of chromatic aberration and great microcontrast - this lens can successfully become the most commonly used accessory that will help you create picturesque shots. The Irix 45mm f / 1.4 GFX is a professional lens designed for FujiFilm GFX cameras. It has a high-quality construction, based on the knowledge of Irix Lens engineers gained during the design and production of full-frame lenses. -
Selecting Cameras for UAV Surveys
ARTICLE A REVIEW OF CAMERAS POPULAR AMONGST AERIAL SURVEYORS Selecting Cameras for UAV Surveys With the boom in the use of consumer-grade cameras on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for surveying and photogrammetric applications, this article seeks to review a range of different cameras and their critical attributes. Firstly, it establishes the most important considerations when selecting a camera for surveying. Secondly, the authors make a number of recommendations at various price points. While this list is not exhaustive, it is intended to present a line of reasoning that UAV practitioners should consider when selecting a camera for survey purposes. Weight, Velocity and Flight Time for Aerial Imaging Weight is an important consideration for aerial imaging that is often not a limiting factor for terrestrial photography. The growth of newer, higher-spec, low- weight cameras is therefore the focus of this article. In addition, the potential areal coverage of a survey is controlled by flight height, flight duration and UAV velocity – these become more tightly constrained with increased payload. Figure 1, Decrease in flight time with payload for a generic battery-powered multi-rotor UAV at a velocity of 6m/s (Bershadsky, 2016). In order to maximise flexibility in the selection of flight height, duration and velocity, weight must be kept to a minimum. A number of lightweight cameras for UAV use are reviewed below. Imaging parameters Sensor size is one of the key imaging parameters as this, along with focal length of the lens, is the core component in defining the ground sample distance (GSD) – the pixel size in the real world – of a survey configuration. -
One Is Enough. a Photograph Taken by the “Single-Pixel Camera” Built by Richard Baraniuk and Kevin Kelly of Rice University
One is Enough. A photograph taken by the “single-pixel camera” built by Richard Baraniuk and Kevin Kelly of Rice University. (a) A photograph of a soccer ball, taken by a conventional digital camera at 64 64 resolution. (b) The same soccer ball, photographed by a single-pixel camera. The image is de- rived× mathematically from 1600 separate, randomly selected measurements, using a method called compressed sensing. (Photos courtesy of R. G. Baraniuk, Compressive Sensing [Lecture Notes], Signal Processing Magazine, July 2007. c 2007 IEEE.) 114 What’s Happening in the Mathematical Sciences Compressed Sensing Makes Every Pixel Count rash and computer files have one thing in common: compactisbeautiful.Butifyou’veevershoppedforadigi- Ttal camera, you might have noticed that camera manufac- turers haven’t gotten the message. A few years ago, electronic stores were full of 1- or 2-megapixel cameras. Then along came cameras with 3-megapixel chips, 10 megapixels, and even 60 megapixels. Unfortunately, these multi-megapixel cameras create enor- mous computer files. So the first thing most people do, if they plan to send a photo by e-mail or post it on the Web, is to com- pact it to a more manageable size. Usually it is impossible to discern the difference between the compressed photo and the original with the naked eye (see Figure 1, next page). Thus, a strange dynamic has evolved, in which camera engineers cram more and more data onto a chip, while software engineers de- Emmanuel Candes. (Photo cour- sign cleverer and cleverer ways to get rid of it. tesy of Emmanuel Candes.) In 2004, mathematicians discovered a way to bring this “armsrace”to a halt. -
Operations Instructions Manual Table of Contents
E-mount Parts and controls Triple-dial-control Custom Key assignment AF/MF button/AEL button General Operations Instructions Manual Table of contents This instruction manual - Operations - describes the basic operation of the camera, and some advanced operations using the major functions. See Getting Started for information on how to set up the camera, and the Handbook on the CD-ROM (supplied) for more detailed functions and operations. Parts and controls Recording ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Playback ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................5 Setup .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 Triple-dial-control Triple-dial-control operation ..................................................................................................................................................................7 Control Dials .....................................................................................................................................................................................................9 Settings modes ............................................................................................................................................................................................10 -
User Manual H4D-200 MS H4D-60 H4D-50 MS H4D-50 H4D-40 H4D-31
H4D User Manual H4D-200 MS H4D-60 H4D-50 MS H4D-50 H4D-40 H4D-31 H4D C O N T E N T S Introduction 4 Lens cap 33 System requirements 8 Filters 33 Warnings & restrictions 8 Lens shades 33 Shutter and aperture control 33 1 H4D models 9 Depth-of-field calculation 34 2 General overview – Depth-of-field / visual preview 34 controls and displays 13 Infrared focus settings 34 Button functions 14 Focus assist 34 Display information 15 Manual focus 35 Grip display 16 Autofocus 35 Viewfinder display 17 Single 36 Sensor unit display 18 Continuous 36 Spirit level 19 True Focus 37 Buttons and controls – details 20 Audio feedback 22 6 Light Metering & Exposure Control 41 3 Camera Body 24 ISO & white balance button 42 Carrying strap 25 Metering method 43 Rechargeable battery 25 Exposure method 43 Battery charger 25 Manual exposure mode 44 Charging the battery 26 Automatic exposure mode 44 Rechargeable battery grip − general 26 AE-L button 45 Rechargeable battery grip − precautions 27 Exposure compensation/Quick Adjust 46 Battery life 27 Battery status 28 7 Profiles 48 Power 28 Making a profile 49 On 28 Using profiles 50 Standby 28 Viewfinder screen 28 8 SU – introduction 51 Accessory connection 29 Parts and components 53 PC-connector 29 Overview of menu system and navigation 55 Base plate 29 Overview of menu structure 56 Description of menu items 57 4 Viewfinder 30 Parts & Components 31 9 SU – initial settings 58 Attaching and removing the viewfinder 31 Setting the menu language 59 Eyepiece adjustment 31 Capture storage 60 Eye cup 31 Capture destination 60 Integral flash unit 31 Compact cards 61 Formatting 62 5 Lenses 32 Tethered to a computer 63 Parts & Components 33 Attaching a lens 33 Removing a lens 33 The images in this manual were not taken with a Hasselblad H4D. -
May2018-Highlight-Article.Pdf
234 May 2018 PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING May 2018 Layout.indd 234 4/16/2018 12:05:54 PM ntroduction Since 2000, development and use of digital photogram- metric cameras for aerial survey has gained significant momentum. Many different cameras and systems de- signed for aerial photogrammetry were developed and presented to the market. After 15 years of intensive development, only a few of these products are in wide Productivity use in today’s mapping market. One of the prominent Isystems being provided is the medium format frame Analysis for camera from Phase One Industrial. With the development of CCD and CMOS technology, medium format cameras have come a long way from 40-60 Mpix to 80-100 Mpix cameras. Additionally, high Medium quality metric lenses with a wide range of focal lengths were developed and implemented. This enabled an ef- fective utilization of medium format cameras in many different small and medium sized urban and rural Format mapping projects, corridor mapping, oblique projects, and monitoring of areal and linear infrastructure. This article presents recent development in the ap- Mapping proach to flight planning and aerial survey productiv- ity analysis, firstly presented in Raizman (2012). The Raizman (2012) article referred only to large format Cameras cameras, whereas this article will compare large for- mat cameras vs. medium format cameras, which are getting more and more popular in aerial survey. This Yuri Raizman approach is based on some pre-defined common char- acteristics of the required mapping products. It en- Phase One Industrial ables an equivalent comparison between cameras with different parameters – focal length, sensor form and Denmark size, and pixel size.