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A Radiographic Study of Human-Primate Commensalism

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Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects Series Editor Russell H. Tuttle Department of Anthropology The University of Chicago For further volumes, go to http://www.springer.com/series/5852 Sharon Gursky-Doyen ● Jatna Supriatna Editors Indonesian Primates Editors Sharon Gursky-Doyen Jatna Supriatna Department of Anthropology Conservation International Indonesia Texas A&M University University of Indonesia College Station, TX Jakarta USA Indonesia [email protected] [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4419-1559-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1560-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1560-3 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009942275 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) S.L. Gursky-Doyen dedicates this volume to her parents, Ronnie Bender and Burt Gursky, who after all these years still do not really know what she does, but they proudly display her books on their coffee table; and to her husband Jimmie who taught her what love is. Jatna Supriatna dedicates this volume to all Indonesian primatologists who have been struggling to save the most diverse primates on earth. Also to his family and to colleagues in the Department of Biology at the University of Indonesia and Conservation International Indonesia who have supported me throughout my tenure. Acknowledgments The contributions and comments of many people have been critical to the develop- ment of this edited volume and we would like to acknowledge their pivotal role. Our profound thanks to all the authors who contributed to this volume. We would also like to thank the many anonymous reviewers for the time and effort they put into critiquing the papers presented in this volume. Thanks to Janet Slobodien, the editor at Springer (and her assistants), and Dr. Russell Tuttle for allowing this volume to be a part of the Developments in Primatology series. S.L. Gursky-Doyen would like to acknowledge a number of organizations that have been exceedingly generous with their logistic and financial support. Texas A&M University has provided both financial support for Gursky-Doyen’s research as well as logistic support in the form of time off from teaching responsibilities. The Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) and the Indonesian Department of Forestry (PHPA) regularly granted Gursky-Doyen permission to conduct research in protected forest. The Fulbright Foundation, Primate Conservation Inc., Conservation International Primate Action Fund, LSB Leakey Foundation, Wenner–Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, the National Science Foundation and the National Geographic Society have all provided Gursky-Doyen with funds at various stages of her fieldwork in Indonesia. Jatna Supriatna would like to thank several individuals and organizations that have supported his work in Indonesia. Dr. Russell Mittermeier and Dr. Anthony Rylands from Conservation International and IUCN-SSC-Primate Specialist Group, respectively, have each enriched his understanding of primate conservation throughout the world. While in Indonesia, Dr. Sukarya Somadikarta, Dr. Indrawati Ganjar, Dr. Noviar Andayani, Mr. Jarot Arisona Aji from the University of Indonesia helped him develop a fuller understanding of Indonesian biodiversity. Both Conservation International Indonesia and the Department of Biology at the University of Indonesia have supported his work either by providing funds or stu- dents to work with him. In addition, the Indonesian Primatologist Association, the Southeast Asia Primatologist Association and IUCN-SSC-Primate Specialist Group have also worked with Jatna to develop primate action plans and workshops to save Indonesia’s primates. vii Contents 1 Introduction................................................................................................ 1 Nanda Grow, Sharon Gursky-Doyen, and Jatna Supriatna Part I Indonesia’s Apes 2 Measuring Performance of Orangutan Protection and Monitoring Unit: Implications for Species Conservation............... 9 Jito Sugardjito and Asep S. Adhikerana 3 Communication, Culture and Conservation in Orangutans.................. 23 Roberto A. Delgado 4 The Natural History of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii)................ 41 Sri Suci Utami Atmoko and Carel P. van Schaik 5 Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch): Population and Conservation........ 57 Jatna Supriatna, Alan Mootnick, and Noviar Andayani 6 Siamang Socioecology in Spatiotemporally Heterogenous Landscapes: Do “Typical” Groups Exist?............................................... 73 Susan Lappan 7 Impact of Forest Fragmentation on Ranging and Home Range of Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) and Agile Gibbons (Hylobates agilis)........................................................ 97 Achmad Yanuar and David J. Chivers 8 Behavioural Ecology of Gibbons (Hylobates albibarbis) in a Degraded Peat-Swamp Forest........................................................... 121 Susan M. Cheyne ix x Contents 9 Effect of Habitat Quality on Primate Populations in Kalimantan: Gibbons and Leaf Monkeys as Case Studies......................................... 157 Andrew J. Marshall Part II Indonesia’s Monkeys 10 Predator Recognition in the Absence of Selection................................ 181 Jessica L. Yorzinski 11 The Relationship Between Nonhuman Primate Densities and Vegetation on the Pagai, Mentawai Islands, Indonesia................. 199 Lisa M. Paciulli 12 Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus): Bio-ecology and Conservation..................................................................................... 217 Muhamad Bismark 13 Pests, Pestilence, and People: The Long-Tailed Macaque and Its Role in the Cultural Complexities of Bali................................. 235 Kelly E. Lane, Michelle Lute, Aida Rompis, I. Nengah Wandia, I.G.A. Arta Putra, Hope Hollocher, and Agustin Fuentes 14 The Not-So-Sacred Monkeys of Bali: A Radiographic Study of Human-Primate Commensalism............................................. 249 Michael A. Schilaci, Gregory A. Engel, Agustin Fuentes, Aida Rompis, Arta Putra, I. Nengah Wandia, James A. Bailey, Gil C, and Lisa Jones-Engel 15 Male–Male Affiliation in Sulawesi Tonkean Macaques........................ 257 Erin P. Riley 16 Ecology and Conservation of the Hose’s Langur Group (Colobinae: Presbytis hosei, P. canicrus, P. sabana): A Review................................................................................................... 269 Vincent Nijman 17 Thomas Langurs: Ecology, Sexual Conflict and Social Dynamics................................................................................ 285 Serge A. Wich and Elisabeth H.M. Sterck 18 Dominance and Reciprocity in the Grooming Relationships of Female Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Indonesia.............................................................................................. 309 Michael D. Gumert Contents xi 19 Selamatkan Yaki! Conservation of Sulawesi Crested Black Macaques Macaca nigra............................................................... 343 Vicky Melfi Part III Indonesia’s Prosimians 20 The Function of Scentmarking in Spectral Tarsiers............................. 359 Sharon Gursky-Doyen 21 The Population Ecology of Dian’s Tarsier............................................. 371 Stefan Merker 22 Using Facial Markings to Unmask Diversity: The Slow Lorises (Primates: Lorisidae: Nycticebus spp.) of Indonesia............................. 383 K.A.I. Nekaris and Rachel Munds 23 Conclusions............................................................................................... 397 Index.................................................................................................................. 401 Contributors Asep S. Adhikerana Fauna and Flora International Indonesia Program, Jalan Harsono, RM. No.1 Ragunan, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia Noviar Andayani Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program Jl. Burangrang 18, Bogor, Indonesia Department of Biology, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia [email protected] James A. Bailey Department of Political Science and Law Enforcement, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN, USA M. Bismark Forest and Nature Conservation Research and Development Center, Bogor, Indonesia [email protected] Gil Brogdon Department of Radiology, University of Southern Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, AL, USA Susan M. Cheyne Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Tubney, Abingdon Road, OX13 5QL, United Kingdom Orang-utan Tropical Peatland Project, Center for the International Cooperation in Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP), University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia [email protected] David Chivers Wildlife Research Group, The Anatomy School,
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