Old Crypt Schoolroom, Gloucester HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Issue 2 Novemeber 2015 HETTIE DIX On behalf of Purcell ® 35 King Street, Bristol BS1 4DZ [email protected] www.purcelluk.com

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© Purcell 2015 HD/CRo/017.235404 CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 5 4 SIGNIFICANCE 28 1.1 Purpose of the Report 5 4.1 Methodology 28 1.2 Scope of Study 5 4.2 Assessment 29 1.3 Existing information & Gaps in Knowledge 5 4.3 Significance Plans 31

2 UNDERSTANDING 7 5 IMPACT 35 2.1 Location and Setting 7 5.1 Summary of the Proposals 35 2.2 Old Crypt Schoolroom 9 5.2 Planning Policies and Guidance 35 2.3 Heritage Context 16 5.3 Methodology 36 5.4 Assessment 37 5.5 Conclusions 37 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT 19 3.1 Timeline 19 3.2 Development Plans 24 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY 38

APPENDIX B: LIST ENTRY TEXTS 41 1 INTRODUCTION

4 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1.2 SCOPE OF STUDY This Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) has been prepared to assess The primary focus of this report will be the Old Crypt Schoolroom the impact of the proposed alterations at the Old Crypt Schoolroom, taking into consideration the adjoining Grade I listed church which is attached to St Mary de Crypt in central Gloucester. The Old Crypt excused from Listed Building Consent under Ecclesiastical Exemption. Schoolroom dates from the 16th century and is listed at Grade II*. It is The HIA covers the following areas to provide a baseline assessment of essential to have a full understanding of the history and development of the site’s heritage and the impact of the proposed extension: the Schoolroom within the wider context of the study area (shown on the site plan on page 6) in order to inform sensitive proposals. As such, • Understanding: to establish what heritage assets are located within this report has been prepared in line with requirements set out by the the study area and the legislation that protects them. National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) for fully understanding the • History & Development: to establish the key dates in the significance of a site’s heritage assets in advance of change. The report development of the Old Crypt Schoolroom and St Mary de Crypt will conclude with an assessment of the positive, neutral or negative within their wider context. impact the proposed extension will have on the Grade II* listed building and its setting. • Significance: to assess the heritage value of the identified heritage assets and how they are important within their setting. The Old Crypt Schoolroom is currently in a poor and deteriorating • Impact Assessment: to analyse the effect the proposals will have on condition through lack of use, fabric decay and outdated services. It is the significance of the heritage assets. the conclusion of this assessment that the proposed scheme of work at the Old Crypt Schoolroom will vastly improve its built fabric and useability, something which will be achieved through appropriate and 1.3 EXISTING INFORMATION & GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE sympathetic means. The study has drawn substantially on the research and analysis already carried out by Purcell in 2014 for the preparation of a Conservation Management Plan for St Mary de Crypt and the Old Crypt Schoolroom. Archival research was carried out at Gloucestershire Archives, where a large number of plans and other documents are deposited, including faculties and other DAC documents. This research was supplemented with documents kindly provided by the PCC as well as additional online sources and published works. No significant gaps in knowledge were identified in the preparation of the CMP, although access to some areas of the building was restricted due to the presence of asbestos.

A full bibliography of sources consulted is included in Appendix A. 5 2 UNDERSTANDING

LO N G SM I GREYFRIARS TH ST RE FRIARY ET

T E E R T S E SHOPPING T A G H CENTRE T U O S

C O M M E R C G IA RE L Y R FR O IA A R S D S TR E ET

St Mary de Crypt and

P Old Crypt Schoolroom A R L Study Area IA D M A Location and Study Area (© InfoterraE & Bluesky with additions by Purcell) O N R T K S C T I R E W E S T N U 6 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 BR 2 UNDERSTANDING

2.1 LOCATION AND SETTING St Mary de Crypt and the Old Crypt Schoolroom are situated on Southgate Street in Gloucester’s city centre. Extending off Southgate Street along the south side of the church is Greyfriars Street.

Southgate Street and the converging North-, East- and Westgate Streets (the central meeting point of which is known as the Cross) form part of the Via Sacra, a circular route starting and ending at the Cathedral, which is located a short walk to the north of St Mary de Crypt. The pedestrianised route was created in the late 20th century to link historic and commercial areas within the city centre. Gloucester’s historic docks are located a short distance to the south-west.

The immediate area surrounding the church and schoolroom is predominantly commercial and comprises primarily of modern buildings interspersed with a number of historic churches and buildings. The churchyard is located to the east and neighbours an open paved area, on the opposite side of which is a classical- style building housing the offices of Young Gloucestershire and which adjoins the surviving ruins of Greyfriars Friary. To the north of this is the large Eastgate shopping centre and to the south is the site of a large residential development which is presently under construction. On the south side of Greyfriars Street is a red brick Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) The Cross viewed from Southgate Street looking north meeting house. (© David Stowell, http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/61283)

7 2 UNDERSTANDING

1 2 3

5 1 Southgate Street looking south 2 Greyfriars Street looking west (the Quakers’ meeting house is on the left) 3 Greyfriars Street looking east to the Young Gloucestershire building 4 Greyfriars Friary 5 View north from churchyard to the Eastgate shopping centre 4

8 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 2 UNDERSTANDING

2.2 OLD CRYPT SCHOOLROOM N 2.2.1 PLAN FORM The Old Crypt Schoolroom extends off St Mary de Crypt to the north at an angle slightly off 90 degrees. The building is narrow and rectangular in shape and fronts directly onto Southgate Street to the west.

The Old Crypt Schoolroom is two storeys in height with an attic storey under the pitched roof. There are large MARYLONE open rooms at the south end on all floors and a staircase extending from the ground floor to attic floor at the north end of the building. GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

ATTIC 9 2 UNDERSTANDING

2.2.2 EXTERIOR

EAST ELEVATION

10 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 2 UNDERSTANDING

OLD CRYPT SCHOOLROOM ST MARY DE CRYPT

SOUTHGATE STREET (WEST) ELEVATION

11 2 UNDERSTANDING

2.2.3 EXTERIOR The Old Crypt Schoolroom is two storeys in height plus an attic floor with a dormer window overlooking the churchyard to the east. The detailing is predominantly Tudor in style, reflecting its 1539 construction date.

The west elevation of the Old Crypt Schoolroom is five bays wide, each bay separated by narrow buttresses, and faced with ashlar masonry. At the north end is an opening leading to Marylone, a public right of way, set under a shallow pointed Tudor arch. Above this is a carved panel depicting the coat of arms of Henry VIII. With the exception of the protruding oriel window above the Marylone arch all windows and the arch itself are topped with Tudor-style hoodmoulding.

Two red brick chimney stacks extend up from the north and south ends of the pitched roof, and a flue topped with a third red brick chimney stack projects slightly from the west elevation.

The rear (east) elevation is faced with red brick with ashlar detailing. As with the west elevation, the windows are set under Tudor hoodmoulding.

West elevation

12 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 2 UNDERSTANDING

1 Marylone from east 2 Henry VIII coat of arms 3 East elevation 4 External entrance to schoolroom via Marylone

2

1 3 4

13 2 UNDERSTANDING

2.2.4 INTERIOR On the ground floor, the former schoolroom is a large open space with from the street. The floorboards have been removed in two areas where central timber posts supporting the floor above. Timber panelling lines subterranean archaeological investigations have been carried out, and the all the walls approximately up to chair rail level. There are slight stylistic floor beneath remains exposed. differences in certain areas, indicating that the panelling has historically been altered. A number of initials, names and dates have been carved On the first floor is another large open area, with a small kitchen and steps in the woodwork, including ‘R.R’ on the inside of the timber door (often leading down to an external door at the far north end. Off the kitchen is speculated by guides as the handiwork of Robert Raikes). Modern another staircase leading up to the attic level, which comprises of three 1 Former schoolroom looking north secondary glazing has been installed on the west windows to reduce noise rooms and appears to have been disused for a long period of time. 2 18th-century graffiti 3 ‘R.R’

2

1 3

14 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 2 UNDERSTANDING

1 2

1 First floor room (former schoolmaster’s room) 2 First floor kitchen (Oriel Room) 3 Attic

3

15 2 UNDERSTANDING

2.3 HERITAGE CONTEXT 2.3.1 LISTED BUILDINGS 2.3.2 SCHEDULED MONUMENTS The Old Crypt Schoolroom is listed at Grade II*. Only Scheduled Monuments are highly significant sites that reflect 5.5% of all listed buildings are listed at Grade II* and are the history and development of Britain and are covered designated for being ‘particularly important buildings of by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas more than special interest’.1 The adjoining church is listed Act (1979). Although the church and schoolroom are not at Grade I. The accompanying list entry texts for both located within the boundaries of a Scheduled Monument, the Schoolroom and St Mary de Crypt are included in there are several scheduled areas nearby that are worthy Appendix B. of note as they indicate the archaeological potential within the wider setting, most notably with regards to the Roman Listed buildings are protected under the Planning (Listed settlement at Gloucester and the ruined friary to the east Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 and are of the church. These Scheduled Monuments are marked for designated for their architectural or historic interest. information on the Heritage Assets Plan. Statutory listed does not equate to a ‘preservation order, preventing change’.2 However, alterations to listed buildings require listed building consent, which allows the local authority to make decisions that have been informed by an 2 understanding of the building or site’s historic significance. National and local planning policies also recognise that changes to other buildings or sites in the vicinity of a listed building can affect its special interest.

1 https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/what-is-designation/listed-buildings/ (accessed 14 October 2015). 2 Ibid.

16 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 2 UNDERSTANDING

T E E R T S OLD CRYPT SCHOOLROOM E T A G H T U ST MARY DE CRYPT O S

P A R L I A M E N T S T R E E T

Heritage Assets Plan (© Infoterra & Bluesky with additions by Purcell) GRADE 1 GRADE I1* GRADE I1 SCHEDULED MONUMENT (approx.)

17 2 UNDERSTANDING

2.3.3 CONSERVATION AREAS The Old Crypt Schoolroom lies within the boundaries of the City Centre Conservation Area, designated in 2007 by Gloucester City Council. The conservation area principally covers the intersection of North-, West-, South-, and Eastgate Streets (i.e. the area radiating out from the Cross). Together with a number of nearby medieval churches, GLOUCESTER St Mary de Crypt is noted in the accompanying appraisal CATHEDRAL document as a key characteristic building within the conservation area. The appraisal also includes a number W ES T TG REE of policies which set out the council’s recommendations AT TE ST E S HGA for managing conservation and development within the TR RT EE O conservation area. T N

Conservation areas are protected under section 69 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The Act requires local planning authorities to identify and designate ‘areas of special architectural or historic interest, the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve T E E R or enhance’. T S E EA T A ST G G H A T TE U S P O TR A S EE RL T IA M E N T S T R E E T

City Centre Conservation (© Infoterra & Bluesky with additions by Purcell) Area

Study Area

18 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

3.1 TIMELINE 16TH CENTURY

1539: The Crypt School was founded in 1539 by Joan Cooke, wife of John Cooke, a mercer and four-times mayor of the city of Gloucester. In his will (written 1528) John Cooke stipulated that his wife was to ‘stablish and ordeyn a continuall frescole of gramer for the erudicion of children and scolers’ and appoint a ‘scole maister to kepe scole and teche gramer freely’.

The new school house was purpose-built on a section of the St Mary de Crypt burial ground. It was originally known as the Christ School and became known as the Grammar or Crypt School in the mid-17th century. The classrooms were located on the lower floor with living quarters for the school master on the upper floor. The first master of the school was Thomas Yonge.

John and Joan were both buried in St Mary de Crypt and a John and Joan Cooke, mid-16th century Memorial to John and Joan Cooke brass memorial plaque to the couple is located on the north wall of the north transept.

19 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

17 TH/18TH CENTURY LATE 18 TH/EARLY 19 TH CENTURY

17th/18th Century: c. Mid-1720s: Late 18th/Early 19th The first floor level of the schoolroom is believed George Whitefield Century to have been subdivided into four separate rooms (1714-1770) attended The original Tudor in the 17th or 18 th century: the present kitchen being the Crypt School. windows on the first one room and the now open room to the south His parents were inn floor of the Old Crypt being partitioned into a further three rooms. There keepers in Gloucester Schoolroom, overlooking was a staircase at the north end of the ground and Whitefield went on Southgate Street, were floor schoolroom (where cupboard is located) and to become one of the replaced with sash fireplaces at either end of the first floor. founding members of windows, as can be seen the Methodist Church. in an early 19th-century The listing description ascertains that the engraving of the Southgate schoolroom was originally a double-height room Street elevation. These (i.e. there was no first floor above it). This is not were later replaced with clear in the built fabric, which appears homogenous the present leaded-light in terms of its built development. It was not unusual Tudor style windows.1 for Tudor buildings of this type to boast lofty, 1 double height rooms, for example that shown in Other notable differences this 16th-century print. in the 19th-century engraving compared to today’s building are the chimney stacks, which are notably shorter and stylistically different in the engraving, and also the indication of a traditionally classical triangular pediment over the main church entrance as well as the distinctive segmental tympanum. There is little evidence of this feature in the surviving fabric and this detail in the engraving may have been subjected to artistic license. 2 1 Southgate Street elevation, c.1818 1 A History of the County of 2 Southgate Street today Gloucester.

20 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

19TH CENTURY

1819: 1841: 1861-62: 1880: An unsourced etching is A typical day at the school was The Crypt School The Old Crypt Schoolroom was again restored by the Church of England referenced as showing described thus: relocated to a new site on Sunday School Institute in commemoration of the movement’s centenary. dormers on the rear Barton Street after it had The work carried out is little documented; however it is likely the roof elevation of the ‘School commenced at 9am, but temporarily closed for several present windows were installed on the first floor of the Southgate Street 4 Schoolroom where the the Master entered at 10am; the years following disputes over elevation at this time. There are no clearly visible scars of this work in vents are currently located. its ongoing governance. The the surviving fabric apart from the truncated hoodmold detail on the prefect had to keep order till then. parish of St Mary de Crypt central window where there is not enough room before the fenestration Mr Dowling [the master] entered and purchased the now-vacant is pierced by the original protruding flue. The three triangular vents on went to the Head Master’s seat at the schoolroom for £500 and the east elevation are also believed to have replaced earlier dormers at top of the room, in gown and hood. used it, amongst other this time and the oriel window above the Marylone arch was re-built. […] there was a clock in the tower purposes, for its Sunday 3 of Crypt Church (there was also one school. It is believed to have The style and condition of the timber staircase at the north end of the undergone an unspecified schoolroom indicates that this dates from the Victorian restoration. in St Michael’s Tower, which struck programme of repair and It is also likely that the attic level was re-furbished as additional living quarters). As soon as the Crypt Church alteration at this time. or working space at this time, with the installation of a new dormer and bell struck 12 the School broke up at a small fireplace at the far north end. once, ditto at 4pm. A good deal of Latin was taught – a ‘crib’ was not allowed – one boy was found with one, and the book was put into the fire. If a boy could not translate the Latin, the words were written on a slate and numbered, to show how they should be taken. The only playground we had Restoration Plaque was between the churchyard and Mr Washbourne’s [This is presumably Marylone.] – there we played at marbles and rounders, and spun our tops… The Master’s house was very pleasant’.2

Truncated hoodmoulds

2 The Crypt School, Gloucester, 1539-1989. 3 A History of the County of 4 A History of the County of Gloucester. 21 Gloucester. 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

19TH CENTURY 20TH CENTURY

1889: Early 20th Century: 1943: 1950: 1956: 1960: The Crypt School The chimneys at the south The Crypt School moved Dry rot was identified in Permission was sought The WC under the stairs moved to a third end of the Schoolroom for a final time; this time to the Schoolroom, resulting for the formation of a in the Schoolroom was site in Greyfriars. were rebuilt. Podsmead on land bequeathed in remedial work entailing new vestry on the ground installed. to the school in Joan Cooke’s a replacement concrete floor of the Schoolroom, original endowment. floor at the south end of necessitating the creation the ground floor. of a new ground floor opening in the north-east corner of the church.

22 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

20TH CENTURY 21ST CENTURY

1980s: c.1984: 1994: 2001: Repairs were carried out Plans of the Schoolroom show the ground floor room was at this time known as the Cook Further dry rot was Repair work to the to the Schoolroom roof. Room, whilst the main first floor was known as the Raikes Room. Note that the staircase identified in the first Schoolroom entailed: leading from inside the church to the first floor of the schoolroom is not apparent in this plan, floor partition wall, indicating that the first floor door opening was created later than that at ground floor level. resulting from a leaking • Treatment of water pipe in the woodworm-affected attic. Remedial work roof timbers was carried out to • New roof covering rectify this. In the same and flashings year, the Schoolroom suffered damage from • Cill renewals and vandalism and the replacements windows were fitted • Renewed rainwater with wire guards. goods

Ground floor, c.1984 First floor, c.1984 (Gloucestershire Archives, D7266/Accession7266/Box9/2) (Gloucestershire Archives, D7266/Accession7266/Box9/2)

23 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

3.2 DEVELOPMENT PLANS The following plans and elevations illustrate where and when change has occurred at the Old Crypt Schoolroom based on documentary evidence and analysis of the surviving built fabric. N

1 4

NOTES: 1 Floorboards laid during 1880 restoration. There is archaeological evidence of a flagstone central GROUND FLOOR PLAN aisle (on a north-south axis) underneath the floorboards (see Appendix D). Late 20th-century secondary glazing to west windows. Timber wall panelling of various dates (16th-19th century) 2 The first floor it believed to have been installed in the 17th or 18th century. The listing description suggests that the schoolroom was originally a double-height room, indicating that the schoolmaster’s accommodation was located in the oriel-window room over Marylone and possible 3 1539 also in the attic. There is no visible evidence of this in the built fabric; however reveal work c.1880 or archaeological investigations may be able to 2 determine more conclusive evidence regarding the 1956 internal configuration and phasing. 20th-century fit-out 3 The timber posts are not original to the room and 1950s most likely date from the 19th century or later. Post c.1984 4 The very straight timbers indicates they are machine-sawn and the wall is therefore most likely 17th/18th century a later 19th-century replacement.

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

24 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

N

4

ATTIC PLAN

1539 NOTES: 4 Attic level likely to have been re-appropriated as additional living/administrative space in late c.1880 19th century.

1956 20th-century fit-out

25 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

1539 c.1880

1956 20th-century fit-out Modern

EAST ELEVATION

26 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

N

1539 c.1880

1956 20th-century fit-out

WEST ELEVATION

27 4 SIGNIFICANCE

‘People may value a place for many reasons beyond utility or personal association: for its distinctive architecture or landscape, the story it can tell about its past, its connection with notable people or events, its landform, flora and fauna, because they find it beautiful or inspiring, or for its roles as a focus of a community.’ Conservation Principles, Policies & Guidance (Historic England, 2008).

4.1 METHODOLOGY Significance is a term used to define what makes a place or Very High - The most valuable themes, features, buildings or spaces heritage asset special and important to society. Levels of which are considered essential to the understanding and appreciation significance are calculated taking the sum of a building or site’s of a place. These contribute to its overall character and setting, cultural and heritage values. These are set out into four core as well as its local, regional, national and international importance. groups by Historic England: evidential, historic, aesthetic and communal. High - A theme, feature, building or space which is important at a national or international level, with high cultural value and important An assessment of significance is not confined solely to these contribution towards the character and appearance of the area. values and may be expanded to include aspects such as architectural value, group value, social value, former uses, local Medium - A theme, feature, building or space which is important at distinctiveness, and much more. Taking into consideration all regional level or sometimes higher, with some cultural importance and relevant values and including the adjoining St Mary de Crypt some contribution towards the character and appearance of the area. where felt the two buildings cannot be separated, the Old Crypt Schoolroom has been assessed using the following scale Low - A theme, feature, building or space which is of local value only of significance: but possibly also of regional significance for group value. Minor cultural importance and contribution to the character or appearance of the area.

Neutral - These themes, features, buildings or spaces have little or no cultural value but do not detract from the character of the area.

Intrusive (or Detrimental) - A theme, feature, building or space which detracts from the character and appearance of an area. Efforts should be made to remove or enhance these features.

28 4 SIGNIFICANCE

4.2 ASSESSMENT 4.2.3 BUILT FABRIC & EVIDENTIAL POTENTIAL 4.2.1 HISTORIC VALUE The Schoolroom is notable as an early example of Tudor brickwork in the Gloucester area. The use of ashlar Given their age and the history of the site before they masonry on the principal elevation complements that of the were constructed, the church and Schoolroom have an neighbouring church, whilst the longitudinal design topped intrinsically high historic value. They are two of the oldest with a pitched roof provides a good contrast, indicating the buildings still to stand on Southgate Street: the church has historic development of the buildings on Southgate Street. operated as a place of worship for over 900 years and the Schoolroom continued to provide a place for education It is unclear whether the Schoolroom was built in a single for more than 300 years. The history of the Schoolroom is phase or whether the above-ground building stands denoted by the 18th- and 19th-century names carved into 1 on earlier foundations. Further investigation into the the timber panelling on the ground floor. One such carving built fabric may reveal information about the original reads ‘R.R’ and it is a common held wish that these are the construction phase(s). There is also potential to uncover initials of Robert Raikes. evidence of the original staircase at the north end of the ground floor and the partitions on the first floor. The 4.2.2 ASSOCIATIVE VALUE stylistic differences in areas of the timber panelling on the The Schoolroom is significant for its function as a dedicated ground floor may also provide further information on the 18th-century graffiti place of learning for over 300 years. The school founded chronology of historic alterations that have been carried here, The Crypt School, still exists and continues to operate out. It is known from documentary evidence that the first on a new site located on land originally endowed to the floor west elevation windows were replaced in the late school in 1539 by founder, Joan Cooke. Additional significant 19 th century; there is potential in the built fabric to confirm associations include George Whitefield, a former pupil and whether or not the restoration of the windows at this time later founder of the Methodist Church, and Robert Raikes, extended beyond the windows that are known to have Archaeological investigations undertaken beneath the another former pupil and later figurehead of the Sunday been replaced. The weathered and stained condition of Schoolroom floor have unearthed fragments of medieval School movement. the hoodmolds suggests that the masonry elements to the floor tiles and Roman coins, indicating that the city’s rich windows are almost certainly original to the 16th-century archaeological potential extends under the Schoolroom Despite the school’s removal to a new site in 1861, the construction. building. Construction work in the 16th century is likely to building retained a connection with education when have disrupted any further pre-medieval shallow deposits Robert Raikes’s Sunday school moved its operations to the that might be disrupted by the proposed scheme; however, Schoolroom. Inscriptions left by pupils in the 18th and 19th any deeper level work may potentially come across older, centuries still survive in the timber panelling and there may deeper deposits. be potential to trace further information through cross- reference with school records. Historically, the Schoolroom would have been of relatively high communal value; however this has been reduced dramatically in recent years due to the building’s lack of use.

1 Avon Archaeological Unit Ltd, Archaeology Report (2013).

29 4 SIGNIFICANCE

4.2.4 AESTHETIC VALUE 4.2.5 SETTING & VIEWS The combination of red brick and ashlar Tudor detailing The church and Schoolroom are prominently positioned offers a good contrast to the neighbouring church and on Southgate Street with the main entrance to the ensures the Schoolroom stands out within the wider church opening out directly on to the street. Historically, streetscape. Details such as the polychrome coat of arms, Southgate Street would have been a busy thoroughfare off the distinctive oriel window and protruding chimney flue the south entrance to the city (literally a gate in the wall, add further visual interest that punctuates the ordered hence Southgate) and has consequently seen centuries of fenestration. development, resulting in the layered history of today’s streetscape. The road is now pedestrianized and remains Inside, the ground floor room retains its open-plan a busy thoroughfare for shoppers and tourists. There are configuration. The proportions of this room are hindered by several historic buildings of note on Southgate Street, the intrusive late 20th-century screen wall at the north-west including Robert Raikes House and St Michael’s Tower, corner. The centrepiece of the first floor kitchen is the large interspersed with later buildings. The main Via Sacra oriel window, creating a very light space. Contrastingly, the route runs directly past the church down Greyfriars aesthetic value of the exposed timber beams in the attic is Street, highlighting St Mary de Crypt and the Old Crypt heavily obscured by the lack of light on this floor. As with Schoolroom as one of its 17 key sites. the church, there are a number of outdated and intrusive services that mar the aesthetic value of the building but can The overall significance of the streetscape is recognised be easily addressed. and protected by the City Centre Conservation Area. The street elevations of both the church and the Schoolroom are generally well-maintained with an aesthetically-pleasing patina of age. The distinctive gable west end of the church is a dominating streetscape feature and is contrasted well by the Tudor detailing on and longitudinal form of the adjoining Schoolroom.

30 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 4 SIGNIFICANCE

4.3 SIGNIFICANCE PLANS

N

GROUND FLOOR

VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEUTRAL INTRUSIVE

FIRST FLOOR

31 4 SIGNIFICANCE

N

VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEUTRAL INTRUSIVE 3 The exposed Tudor beams are of especially high significance ATTIC FLOOR 3

32 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 4 SIGNIFICANCE

VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEUTRAL INTRUSIVE 4 The roof slates have been replaced in two phases: the lower section in recent years and the upper 4 section probably in c.1880 EAST ELEVATION

33 4 SIGNIFICANCE

VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEUTRAL INTRUSIVE 5 The roof slates are likely to date from the 1880s restoration 5

WEST ELEVATION

34 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 5 IMPACT

5.1 SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSALS 5.2 PLANNING POLICIES AND GUIDANCE Externally, the proposals will primarily comprise repair and consolidation 5.2.1 NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK work. The Marylone wall on the north inside the arch will be also be The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), published in 2012, rebuilt. is the overarching planning policy document for England and provides guidance on how to implement the Planning (Listed Buildings and Internally, further repair work will be carried out and later additions Conservation Areas) Act 1990, the legislation covering the historic will be removed. The ground floor will become a function/gallery space environment. with a new kitchenette in the corner and the first floor will become a learning space with a re-fitted kitchen. The existing WC will also be Within section 12 of the NPPF (‘Conserving and enhancing the historic refitted and the staircase redecorated. environment’) are the government’s policies for the protection of heritage. The policies advise a holistic approach to planning and The proposals are detailed in full in the documentation and drawings development, where all significant elements that make up the historic accompanying this report in the submission package. environment are termed ‘heritage assets’. These consist of designated assets (such as listed buildings or conservation areas), non-designated assets (such as locally-listed buildings), or those features that are of heritage value.

The policies within the document emphasise the need for assessing the significance of heritage assets and their setting in order to fully understand the historic environment and inform suitable design proposals for change to significant buildings (section 4.0 of this report). The document also requires that the impact of development proposals which affect the identified heritage assets is assessed (sections 5.3-5.5 of this report).

35 5 IMPACT

5.2.2 LOCAL PLANNING POLICIES 5.2.3 ECCLESIASTICAL EXEMPTION 5.3 METHODOLOGY The Joint Core Strategy is a partnership between Gloucester City Under the conditions of the Ecclesiastical Exemption An assessment of impact measures the identified Council, Cheltenham Borough Council and Tewkesbury Borough Order 2010, the Schoolroom could technically be levels of significance against the degree of change Council, and sets out a planning framework for all three areas. Policy considered as exempt from Listed Building Consent proposed. High levels of change to features or fabric SD9 of the pre-submission draft of the JCS (June 2014) concerns the given its physical attachment to St Mary de Crypt. identified as highly significant will be at odds with historic environment. The final version of the JCS is due to be formally national and local planning policy, and also Historic adopted imminently but this had not yet happened at the time of All churches still in ecclesiastical use are exempt England guidance so should not be permitted due to writing this report. from listed building legislation (but not from general the high adverse impact it would entail. Where only a planning legislation), provided that the church body minor change is proposed to an element of moderate POLICY SD9 – HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT has their own system in place to control works to or high significance, this will generally be calculated listed churches. In the Church of England the Faculty as having a negligible or minor adverse impact on 1. The built, natural and cultural heritage of Gloucester City, Jurisdiction fulfils this requirement. Consent to carry heritage value. Positive changes (repairs, removal of Cheltenham town, Tewkesbury town, smaller historic settlements and out works, known as a ‘faculty’, is granted by the intrusive features, etc.) are highly beneficial changes the wider countryside will continue to be valued and promoted for Chancellor of the Diocese taking into consideration and can increase the significance of a building. Where their important contribution to local identity, quality of life and the the advice of the Diocesan Advisory Committee a change is identified as having an adverse impact economy. (DAC), composed of a panel of specialist advisors. on the significance of a building or site, this does not 2. Development should make a positive contribution to local character Some projects will also need planning permission necessarily mean that the proposals as a whole would and distinctiveness, having regard to valued and distinctive elements from the local authority and may be subject to be detrimental: impact is a cumulative calculation of the historic environment. building regulations. and beneficial change may substantially outweigh any 3. Designated and undesignated heritage assets, and their settings, will adverse proposals. be conserved and enhanced as appropriate to their significance and In the case of the Schoolroom and given its long for their important contribution to local character, distinctiveness and secular history, it has been decided that ecclesiastical Historic England’s Conservation Principles (2008) sets sense of place. Consideration will also be given to the contribution exemption will be not be taken up and Listed Building out clear advice for the positive conservation of the made by heritage assets to supporting sustainable communities and Consent will instead be sought. historic environment. In particular, consideration the local economy. Development should aim to sustain and enhance should be given to the following when assessing the the significance of heritage assets and put them to viable uses impact of proposed change: consistent with their conservation whilst improving accessibility where appropriate. • Proposed change is considered harmful where 4. Proposals that will secure the future conservation and maintenance significance is eroded or compromised. of heritage assets and their settings that are at risk through neglect, • Will this work contribute to the significance of decay or other threats will be encouraged. Proposals that will bring this building or site? vacant or derelict heritage assets back into appropriate use will also be encouraged. • Does this work aspire to a quality of design and 5. Development proposals at Strategic Allocations must have regard to execution which may be valued now and in the the findings and recommendations of the JCS Historic Environment future? Assessment (or any subsequent revision). • What are the long-term consequences of this work? A Gloucester City Plan is due for adoption in late 2017 which will provide a more detailed framework for Gloucester. • What are the likely consequences of doing However, a draft version is still pending. nothing?

36 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 5 IMPACT

5.4 ASSESSMENT kitchen wall on the first floor, are considered to be intrusive 5.5 CONCLUSION or of minimal significance. 5.4.1 REPAIR WORK & RENEWALS Overall, the proposed scheme will greatly benefit the condition and long-term future of the Schoolroom building. The proposed repair work to the building’s external The lobby is a particularly intrusive feature: poor in design The changes are to be carried out in line with best envelope and interiors will address the very poor condition and negatively affecting the aesthetic qualities of the ground conservation practice and will rectify areas of significant of much of the fabric and will be beneficial in using floor space. Its removal will be highly beneficial. appropriate traditional materials and techniques which will damage caused by the passage of time and ill-informed past interventions. This echoes the guidance of Historic revive the building’s sustainability rather than cause further The timber studwork exposed in the Marylone arch England and is in line with the requirements of the National damage. wall proposed for rebuilding is extremely angular and Planning Policy Framework for sustaining and enhancing the straight, strongly indicating that it is machine-sawn and significance of heritage assets (paragraph 126). In particular, the use of cementitious mortars and renders relatively recent in date compared to the original 16th- has damaged elements of the historic brickwork and century construction date of much of the Schoolroom masonry, resulting in spalling and crumbling. Not only is this building, most likely the earlier half of the 20th century. The unsightly, it is also detrimental to the ongoing condition of construction of the wall further suggests this. Its style is also the fabric. Some areas of stonework are to be repaired suggestive of a rudimentary mock-Tudor approach which using stone tiles which will protect against further damage does little to enhance the high-quality Tudor brickwork and to the masonry and be an honest repair. The visual masonry evident on the principal elevations of the building. impact of this is off-set by the benefits of the repair to It is therefore of little significance and its replacement with the condition of the built fabric and the fact that it is a a sensitively designed alternative incorporating honestly traditional, reversible intervention. modern elements is consequently acceptable in heritage terms. This will also bring security and access benefits which Renewal work to the rainwater goods and lead flashings will further outweigh the fabric loss. improve water run-off and therefore help prevent water ingress and ensure the on-going good condition of the fabric The date of the kitchen wall is unclear; there could be a and interiors. The choice of traditional materials will mitigate connection with the late 19th-century restoration work. any visual impact as they will respect the historic character Regardless of the date, the wall is clumsily placed and of of the building. minimal significance even if 19th-century in date. Therefore its removal and replacement with a better-positioned wall Dry rot has been identified in the past and attempts following the joist above is acceptable in heritage terms. to address it have not been entirely successful. Where affected timber can be repaired, this will ensure that the 5.4.3 REFURBISHMENT historic character of the room with its patinated panelling The greatest benefit of the scheme will be the can remain as intact as possible. The removal of damaged refurbishment of the Schoolroom into a useable and timber which is beyond repair is regrettable but justifiable sustainable venue. Historic buildings deteriorate most when given the benefits it will have on preventing the further they are not in use and stand unheated, as is the case with spread of the rot. the Schoolroom. The repair work will go a long way to help achieve this but the installation of new kitchen and WC 5.4.2 FABRIC REMOVAL facilities, and renewed services will be key to the long- There is minimal fabric removal proposed as part of this term success and usability of the building. The very minor scheme. The elements which will be removed, the ground fabric loss to accommodate this refurbishment is vastly floor lobby, north wall inside the Marylone arch and east outweighed by the benefits of repair and the establishment of a long-term use. 5 Planning, Legislation and Guidance 37 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

GLOUCESTERSHIRE ARCHIVES Reference Description Date D2593/2/236 Gloucester, St Mary de Crypt Church; minor alterations 1871-1878 D2593/2/301 Gloucester: St Mary de Crypt, alterations and additions 1875-1905 (new reredos), 1887-1888; reconstruction of south Chancel aisle, 1905 D2593/2/512 Gloucester, St Mary de Crypt: new reredos 1887-1889, 1887-1909 repairs to tower and south arcade 1908-1909 D2593/2/681 Gloucester, St Mary de Crypt: repairs to tower, bells and 1905-1909 chancel roof D7266/Accession File concerning St Mary de Crypt Church, Gloucester 1984-1987 7266/Box 9/2 (work for Department of the Environment/English Heritage) D7942/116 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: plan and 1930 elevations of proposed Raikes memorial chapel D7942/123 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: plan of Raikes nd memorial chapel D7942/124 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: plan as existing 1919 October 1919 D7942/126 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: elevation of nd sketch of carved panel in Raikes memorial chapel D7942/128 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: elevations of 1932 proposed altar table for Raikes memorial chapel D7942/129 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: elevation and 1919 section of proposed war memorial screen; architect Walter B. Wood D7942/133 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: rough sketches nd and working sheet for cost of war memorial

38 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

Reference Description Date Reference Description Date D7942/134 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: specification of 1919-1920 GDR/ Gloucester St.Mary de Crypt: Re-fitting Chapel & Stone 1922 works including war memorial screen, plan of church, F1/1/1922/25 Screen in memory of Mrs George Embrey section & elevation of screen; architect Walter B. Wood GDR/F1/1/1937/53 Gloucester, St. Mary de Crypt: electric lighting 1937 (numbers 6350 & 6353) GDR/F1/1/1939/27 Gloucester, St. Mary de Crypt: (1) take out and reinstate 1939 D7942/135 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: section and 1922 defective stone walling in west gable of the nave; (2) elevation of proposed Embrey memorial screen wash and repair stonework of said wall between south transept & chapel, with advisory GDR/ Gloucester, St. Mary de Crypt: repairs to the church committee’s suggestion superimposed; architect Walter F1/1/1952/532 roof B. Wood (number 6552) GDR/ Gloucester St Mary de Crypt: provision of new vestry 1956 D7942/136 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: elevation of nd F1/1/1956/854 from existing lower schoolroom Embrey memorial screen showing position of proposed additional inscription GDR/ Gloucester St. Mary de Crypt: removal of font at 1957 F1/1/1957/922 present situate in centre of aisle D7942/467 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: section and nd elevation of panelling in Raikes Memorial Chapel GDR/ St. Mary de Crypt: Repairs 1963 F1/1/1963/1624 D7942/471 Gloucester: St. Mary de Crypt Church: plan showing 1967 proposed redevelopment of Greyfriars and surrounding GDR/ St. Mary de Crypt: re-glazing & Cross & Candlesticks 1966 area; photograph of church and redevelopment; F1/1/1966/1819 architects Shingler Risdon Associates GDR/ Gloucester, St. Mary de Crypt: Repairs under 1981 D7942/483 Various: miscellaneous papers inc. description of 1912-1968 F1/1/1981/2214 quinquennial report. Replace pinnacles and cross, alterations to cloakroom at St. Mary de Crypt restoration of wall paintings, commemorative stone Schoolroom, with rough sketch plan, 1960 about Robert Raikes resting place; Archdeacon’s Certificate GDR/F1/1/1875/1 Gloucester St.Mary de Crypt: Restoration 1875 GDR/ Gloucester, St. Mary de Crypt: Conservation of medieval 1985 GDR/F1/1/1920/20 Gloucester St.Mary de Crypt: Stone Screen as War 1920 F1/1/1985/2648 wall painting in chancel near sedilia and on east wall. Memorial Restoration of stonework Faculty GDR/ St Mary de Crypt, Gloucester: Landscaping churchyard 2000 F1/1/2000/5013 and carved stone bench

39 APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS AND OTHER PUBLISHED WORKS CONSERVATION AND PLANNING GUIDANCE Boyd Stanley Schlenther, ‘Whitefield, George (1714–1770)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Conservation Plan Guidance, Heritage Lottery Fund (2012) Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2010 [http://www.oxforddnb. Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance, English Heritage (2008) com/view/article/29281, accessed 22 April 2014] The Setting of Heritage Assets, English Heritage (2011) Anita McConnell, ‘Raikes, Robert (1736–1811)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23016, accessed 23 Seeing the History in the View, English Heritage (2011) April 2014] National Heritage List, http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/ Gloucester Journal, 16 December 1905. national-heritage-list-for-england/ (accessed 14 May 2014) ‘Gloucester: Churches and chapels’, in A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 4: City Centre Conservation Area, http://www.gloucester.gov.uk/resident/Documents/ The City of Gloucester, (1988), pp. 292-311. [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report. Planning%20and%20Building%20Control/HistoricEnvironment/CityCentreCASep07.pdf aspx?compid=42312&strquery=st mary de crypt, accessed 19 May 2014] (accessed 14 May 2014) ‘Gloucester: Education’, in A History of the County of Gloucester: Volume 4: The City of National Planning Policy Framework, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/ Gloucester (1988), pp. 335-350. [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42317 uploads/attachment_data/file/6077/2116950.pdf (accessed 14 May 2014) &strquery=crypt schoolroom, accessed: 19 May 2014] Joint Core Strategy, http://test.gct-jcs.org/Documents/PublicConsultation/JCS-Pre- Charles Lepper, The Crypt School, Gloucester 1539-1989, (1989). Submission-April-2014.pdf (accessed 14 May 2014) Howard Allen (ed.), The Crypt School: 475 Years, (2014). Climate Change and the Historic Environment, English Heritage (2008) City, Parish, People, Guide Booklet.

REPORTS AND OTHER UNPUBLISHED WORKS

CgMs Consulting, ‘Taking Stock in Cheltenham and Gloucester’ English Heritage and the Diocese of Gloucester Partnership Project, (2010). Avon Archaeological Unit Ltd., Archaeology Report (2013).

WEBSITES Discover DeCrypt, http://www.discoverdecrypt.org.uk/index.html (accessed 14 May 2014) Via Sacra Leaflet, http://www.thecityofgloucester.co.uk/xsdbimgs/GloucesterViaSacra.pdf (accessed 14 May 2014) The Crypt School, http://www.cryptschool.org/schoolhistory/ (accessed 22 April 2014) The Story of Gloucester, http://www.thecityofgloucester.co.uk/things-to-do/history-and- heritage/the-story-of-gloucester (accessed 19 May 2014) Church Care, www.churchcare.co.uk (accessed 3 June 2014)

40 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 APPENDIX B: LIST ENTRY TEXTS

The following listed building descriptions are reproduced from the National Heritage List for England, published by Historic England: https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/

Name: CHURCH OF ST MARY DE CRYPT List entry Number: 1245611 Grade: I Date first listed: 23-Jan-1952

Parish church. First recorded c1140. Mainly C14, late C15 and early C16 incorporating some C12 and C13 structure and features. Extensive restoration, 1844-5, by SW Daukes and JR Hamilton, further restoration in 1866, 1876, 1903, and 1908 when the tower battlements and pinnacles were removed as unsafe. Ashlar, dressed stone in courses, slate roofs. PLAN: cruciform; with aisled nave of three bays, south porch, crossing with tall central tower, transepts of one-bay, and chancel of three bays with slightly shorter north and south chapels, a crypt below the west end of the nave and vaults below the chancel. EXTERIOR: the west front facing street has a steeply pitched gable-end wall to nave and aisles, a renewed or re-cut central, semicircular arched doorway, C12 but mostly renewed or re-cut in C19, with nook-shafts and moulded arch with billet hoodmould enclosing a tympanum carved with Agnus Dei in bas-relief above a lintel carved with diaper; above the doorway a large, inserted, late C14, six-light window with foiled panel tracery; on each side, lighting the aisles, a late C14 three-light window with similar tracery; coped gable with cross at the apex. On the south side of nave is C14, two storey, end-gabled porch with diagonal corner buttresses with offsets, arched doorway, and a single-light window above to the upper room; in the re-entrant angle with the nave on the west side of the porch an octagonal stair turret with a moulded string course at nave eaves level, a crenellated cornice and capped by a stone spire surmounted by a foliated finial; in the gable-end of each transept is a tall, C14, four-light window with foiled panel tracery. C14 central tower of two stages with slightly projecting, panelled corner buttresses; on each face of the tower a full height three-light window divided at mid-height by a transom, with infilled panels below the transom and open tracery panels above to the belfrey stage; crowning moulding formerly surmounted by crenellated parapets with tracery panels and pinnacles. The chancel with a clerestory window to each bay and flanking the east gable-end wall diagonal corner buttresses with three offsets each surmounted by a pinnacle with gablets and a crocketed

41 APPENIDX B: LIST ENTRY TEXTS

spirelet; in the east wall a very tall C15 four-light window with Perpendicular tracery and hoodmould; in the apex of the gable above the window a niche and a cross on the apex; set back from the east gable wall on both sides the chapels, each of two bays, with lean-to roofs flanking the chancel; in the short projection of the chancel on each side a two-light window with a central transom and foiled lights; diagonal buttresses with two offsets at the corners of the chapels and in the east wall of each chapel an early C14 four-light window with reticulated tracery in the south chapel and a C15 window with Perpendicular tracery in the north chapel. INTERIOR: C13 semicircular west responds to the nave arcades with moulded capitals and waterholding bases otherwise the arcades, with slender cruciform chamfered piers, rebuilt in late C14; in the porch a ribbed vault; above the crossing a stone lierne vault; in the chancel late C14 arcades with clerestory added in early C15; in both arcades the western piers rise from the crowns of the ogee arches over the doorways set in the stone; arcaded screens separate the chancel from the chapels and in early C20 similar screens inserted at the west end of both chapels. In the east bay of the chancel on the south side a triple sedilia and a piscina, and in the east bay on the north side a single sedilia and an Easter sepulchre, all with elaborate ogee canopies set against panels of niches with canopies and with crowning string courses on both sides which continue to the east and form central transoms in the two-light windows in the east sides of the eastern bays. On the east wall on each side of the altar a restored statue niche with an elaborate polygonal, gabled and crested canopy; the reredos installed 1889 is a triple arcade of carved Caen stone arcade with gablets and crocketed pinnacles enclosing panels of Venetian mosaic with figures of Christ and apostles; in the altar a medieval stone mensa was replaced during restoration of 1844-5; on the wall surfaces vestiges of early C16 wall paintings. Above the chancel the early C16 timber roof has carved wooden bosses and angels playing musical instruments; in the south chapel a C15 piscina, refitted c1930, with panelling by H Stratton Davis, as a memorial to Robert Raikes; timber boarded roofs above both chapels. STAINED GLASS: includes the east window and a south window in the south chapel by Rogers of Worcester, c1857: and in the chancel the east window, said to be a copy of the medieval glass in Drayton Beauchamp church, Buckinghamshire. FITTINGS: include early to mid C16 pulpit carved with renaissance ornament and a sounding board; C17 communion table in south transept, early C18 stone baluster form font, and early C18 civic mace rest. MONUMENTS: include in the south chapel a recessed wall tomb reputed to be for Richard Manchester, d.1460, with an ogee arch and Perpendicular panels; tomb chest with effigies removed of Sir Thomas and Lady Bell, d.1567, with shields in lozenges and a moulded top; wall monument to Dorothy Snell, d.1746, by Peter Scheemakers, a mourning female figure with a portrait medallion on which leans a weeping putto with overturned cornucopia and torch; in the north chapel a Baroque monument to Daniel Lysons, d.1681, with frontal kneeling figure in a segmental-arched recess framed by barleysugar columns supporting an entablature, with broken segmental pediment enclosing an achievement of arms, by Reeve of Gloucester; on a window sill the sculpted bust from a former monument to Richard Lane, Mayor of Gloucester, d.1667; in the north transept restored brasses to John and Joan Cooke, d.1544, founders of the Crypt Grammar School; in the north aisle brasses of William Henshawe, d.1519, and his two wives, taken from St Michael’s Church, Westgate Street, in 1959; late C15 grave-slab with incised cross and inscription to Isabel Pole, wife of a mayor of Gloucester. The late perpendicular work is particularly fine, and its patronage is attributed to Henry Dene, Prior of Llanthony from 1461 to 1501. A fine example of a town church, prominent in views down Westgate Street. (BOE: Verey D: Gloucestershire: The Vale and The Forest of Dean: London: 1976-: 232-4).

Listing NGR: SO8308118419

42 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 APPENDIX B: LIST ENTRY TEXTS

Name: ST MARY DE CRYPT GRAMMAR SCHOOL List entry Number: 1271755 Grade: II* Date first listed: 23-Jan-1952

Grammar school, now church meeting room and Sunday School. 1539. Grammar School founded by Joan Cooke and in 1540 entrusted to the Corporation of the City, in 1862 sold to the Parish of St Mary de Crypt. Restored 1862 by Medland and Maberley, further restoration 1880. MATERIALS: ashlar, at rear is red brick with stone details, ashlar stack with circular brick shaft added to front and a brick lateral ridge stack with two tall, diagonal shafts to left; at rear three C19 gabled dormers; slate roof. PLAN: range parallel with street, of four bays and a wider bay at north end incorporating a carriageway leading to St Mary’s Lane; the south end of range abuts the nave of the Church of St Mary de Crypt (qv); the entrance doorway to the former school-room within the carriage way on in the cross wall on the right hand side. EXTERIOR: two storeys and attic, the bays of the range defined by buttresses with weathered offsets. Crowning string course below the eaves, the buttress in the centre of the four bays to the right from first-floor level supports a wider chimney-stack with moulded corbelling on each side of buttress and capped by weathered offsets; the wider left-hand end bay has carriageway entrance with continuous moulding to jambs and Tudor arch, the arch framed by a hoodmould with diamond stops on the sides, and in the spandrels armorial shields. In each of the four bays to the left a three-light stone mullioned window with arched lights with a flat hoodmould returned on the sides with diamond stops; on the first floor above the archway to left a canted oriel window supported on a moulded corbel base, string course at sill level, and weathered head, three arched lights to the front and a single arched light to each side, on the front of the oriel a stone panel carved with coat of arms of King Henry VIII; in each of four bays to left are C19 three-light windows with details similar to ground-floor windows, all replacing sashes inserted in C18. At rear, facing churchyard, the east wall of red brick has ashlar buttresses with offsets, moulded stone carriageway arch to right; in each bay to left a stone-mullioned three-light window on each floor, above the carriageway arch a two-light window, and to right lighting the stairs a single-light window, all with details similar to windows on the street front; above the north bay to left a timber-framed gabled dormer with barge boards and pair of casements, to left two triangular dormers with fixed lights. INTERIOR: within the carriageway a timber-framed partition to left with doorway to stairs up to room above, originally the schoolmasters’ room, and entrance doorway on right in a stone rectangular frame with moulded stone jambs and Tudor arch; in the four bays to right the former school-room believed to have been originally full height, and probably divided in C17 into lower and upper rooms by insertion of floor with exposed transverse and central lateral beams supported by three timber posts; at the north end of lower room early C17 panelling; on the first floor similar chamfered beams and vestiges of C16 ashlar fireplace with adjacent spiral stair behind modern coverings. 5-bay tenoned single-purlin roof: cambered tie beams with plain chamfer, vestiges of wind braces to lower tiers, mostly double raking strut trusses with collar; coupled rafters at ridge. Building used by the Sunday School founded by Robert Raikes. The brickwork is notable for being an early example of its use in this region.

Listing NGR: SO8308118439

43 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015