Old Crypt Schoolroom, Gloucester HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Issue 2 Novemeber 2015 HETTIE DIX On behalf of Purcell ® 35 King Street, Bristol BS1 4DZ [email protected] www.purcelluk.com All rights in this work are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means (including without limitation DOCUMENT ISSUE by photocopying or placing on a website) without the prior permission in writing of Purcell except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs Issue 1 (October 2015) - Project Team and Patents Act 1988. Applications for permission to reproduce any part of this work should be addressed to Purcell at [email protected]. Issue 2 (November 2015) - Project Team Undertaking any unauthorised act in relation to this work may result in a civil claim for damages and/or criminal prosecution. 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Purcell® is the trading name of Purcell Miller Tritton LLP. © Purcell 2015 HD/CRo/017.235404 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 5 4 SIGNIFICANCE 28 1.1 Purpose of the Report 5 4.1 Methodology 28 1.2 Scope of Study 5 4.2 Assessment 29 1.3 Existing information & Gaps in Knowledge 5 4.3 Significance Plans 31 2 UNDERSTANDING 7 5 IMPACT 35 2.1 Location and Setting 7 5.1 Summary of the Proposals 35 2.2 Old Crypt Schoolroom 9 5.2 Planning Policies and Guidance 35 2.3 Heritage Context 16 5.3 Methodology 36 5.4 Assessment 37 5.5 Conclusions 37 3 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT 19 3.1 Timeline 19 3.2 Development Plans 24 APPENDICES APPENDIX A: BIBLIOGRAPHY 38 APPENDIX B: LIST ENTRY TEXTS 41 1 INTRODUCTION 4 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1.2 SCOPE OF STUDY This Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) has been prepared to assess The primary focus of this report will be the Old Crypt Schoolroom the impact of the proposed alterations at the Old Crypt Schoolroom, taking into consideration the adjoining Grade I listed church which is attached to St Mary de Crypt in central Gloucester. The Old Crypt excused from Listed Building Consent under Ecclesiastical Exemption. Schoolroom dates from the 16th century and is listed at Grade II*. It is The HIA covers the following areas to provide a baseline assessment of essential to have a full understanding of the history and development of the site’s heritage and the impact of the proposed extension: the Schoolroom within the wider context of the study area (shown on the site plan on page 6) in order to inform sensitive proposals. As such, • Understanding: to establish what heritage assets are located within this report has been prepared in line with requirements set out by the the study area and the legislation that protects them. National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) for fully understanding the • History & Development: to establish the key dates in the significance of a site’s heritage assets in advance of change. The report development of the Old Crypt Schoolroom and St Mary de Crypt will conclude with an assessment of the positive, neutral or negative within their wider context. impact the proposed extension will have on the Grade II* listed building and its setting. • Significance: to assess the heritage value of the identified heritage assets and how they are important within their setting. The Old Crypt Schoolroom is currently in a poor and deteriorating • Impact Assessment: to analyse the effect the proposals will have on condition through lack of use, fabric decay and outdated services. It is the significance of the heritage assets. the conclusion of this assessment that the proposed scheme of work at the Old Crypt Schoolroom will vastly improve its built fabric and useability, something which will be achieved through appropriate and 1.3 EXISTING INFORMATION & GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE sympathetic means. The study has drawn substantially on the research and analysis already carried out by Purcell in 2014 for the preparation of a Conservation Management Plan for St Mary de Crypt and the Old Crypt Schoolroom. Archival research was carried out at Gloucestershire Archives, where a large number of plans and other documents are deposited, including faculties and other DAC documents. This research was supplemented with documents kindly provided by the PCC as well as additional online sources and published works. No significant gaps in knowledge were identified in the preparation of the CMP, although access to some areas of the building was restricted due to the presence of asbestos. A full bibliography of sources consulted is included in Appendix A. 5 2 UNDERSTANDING C O M M L E O R N C G I A S L M R I O T H A D S T R E E T Old CryptLocation andSchoolroom; Study Area (© Infoterra Heritage & Bluesky withImpact additions Assessment;by Purcell) November 2015 SO UTHGATE STRE P E 6 T A R L I A M E N GREYFRIARS T FRIARY S T R E E T G R E Y SHOPPING F R I A CENTRE R S S T R E E T BRUNSWICK ROAD St Mary de Crypt and Old Crypt Schoolroom Study Area 2 UNDERSTANDING 2.1 LOCATION AND SETTING St Mary de Crypt and the Old Crypt Schoolroom are situated on Southgate Street in Gloucester’s city centre. Extending off Southgate Street along the south side of the church is Greyfriars Street. Southgate Street and the converging North-, East- and Westgate Streets (the central meeting point of which is known as the Cross) form part of the Via Sacra, a circular route starting and ending at the Cathedral, which is located a short walk to the north of St Mary de Crypt. The pedestrianised route was created in the late 20th century to link historic and commercial areas within the city centre. Gloucester’s historic docks are located a short distance to the south-west. The immediate area surrounding the church and schoolroom is predominantly commercial and comprises primarily of modern buildings interspersed with a number of historic churches and buildings. The churchyard is located to the east and neighbours an open paved area, on the opposite side of which is a classical- style building housing the offices of Young Gloucestershire and which adjoins the surviving ruins of Greyfriars Friary. To the north of this is the large Eastgate shopping centre and to the south is the site of a large residential development which is presently under construction. On the south side of Greyfriars Street is a red brick Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) The Cross viewed from Southgate Street looking north meeting house. (© David Stowell, http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/61283) 7 2 UNDERSTANDING 1 2 3 5 1 Southgate Street looking south 2 Greyfriars Street looking west (the Quakers’ meeting house is on the left) 3 Greyfriars Street looking east to the Young Gloucestershire building 4 Greyfriars Friary 5 View north from churchyard to the Eastgate shopping centre 4 8 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 2 UNDERSTANDING 2.2 OLD CRYPT SCHOOLROOM N 2.2.1 PLAN FORM The Old Crypt Schoolroom extends off St Mary de Crypt to the north at an angle slightly off 90 degrees. The building is narrow and rectangular in shape and fronts directly onto Southgate Street to the west. The Old Crypt Schoolroom is two storeys in height with an attic storey under the pitched roof. There are large MARYLONE open rooms at the south end on all floors and a staircase extending from the ground floor to attic floor at the north end of the building. GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR ATTIC 9 2 UNDERSTANDING 2.2.2 EXTERIOR EAST ELEVATION 10 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 2 UNDERSTANDING OLD CRYPT SCHOOLROOM ST MARY DE CRYPT SOUTHGATE STREET (WEST) ELEVATION 11 2 UNDERSTANDING 2.2.3 EXTERIOR The Old Crypt Schoolroom is two storeys in height plus an attic floor with a dormer window overlooking the churchyard to the east. The detailing is predominantly Tudor in style, reflecting its 1539 construction date. The west elevation of the Old Crypt Schoolroom is five bays wide, each bay separated by narrow buttresses, and faced with ashlar masonry. At the north end is an opening leading to Marylone, a public right of way, set under a shallow pointed Tudor arch. Above this is a carved panel depicting the coat of arms of Henry VIII. With the exception of the protruding oriel window above the Marylone arch all windows and the arch itself are topped with Tudor-style hoodmoulding. Two red brick chimney stacks extend up from the north and south ends of the pitched roof, and a flue topped with a third red brick chimney stack projects slightly from the west elevation. The rear (east) elevation is faced with red brick with ashlar detailing. As with the west elevation, the windows are set under Tudor hoodmoulding. West elevation 12 Old Crypt Schoolroom; Heritage Impact Assessment; November 2015 2 UNDERSTANDING 1 Marylone from east 2 Henry VIII coat of arms 3 East elevation 4 External entrance to schoolroom via Marylone 2 1 3 4 13 2 UNDERSTANDING 2.2.4 INTERIOR On the ground floor, the former schoolroom is a large open space with from the street.