Education andOutreach Commercialization of Aquaculutre Research Major ProductionImpact Biophysical/social/economic context Laws andPolicies Institutions andorganizationsinvolvedin inMaine Major ResearchandInvestigations Major ProductionFacilities RECENT TIMELINE OFAQUACULTURE INMAINE Craig Brook FishHatcheryfounded 1871 1870s fishculturing operations in an old mill the at mouth of Craig Brook, the on shoreLake. Alamoosook of Craig Brook National has along history, Charles in1871when beginning Grandison Atkins began tional FishHatchery Craig Brook becomesaNa 1889

The becamehatchery facility a in1889. federal 1880s 1890s founded McKown’s PointHatchery 1903 1900s for Bureau the of Commercial and DMR. facilitythis later office became space the and laboratory Initially created as amarine fish and hatchery,

- 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s pean Oystersin Stocking ofEuro 1949 erlands are stocked inMaine European oysters from Neth the 1950s First spawningofsoftshellclams 1964 Sea GrantCollegesandProgram Act President JohnsonsignsthePell-Rodgers 1966 - Laboratory. HarborBoothbay by Bureau the of Commercial Fisheries Biological First soft-shell clams spawnedlab in for in research purposes This legislation created Sea Grantthe program 1960s - Conference New EnglandAquaculture 1970 efforts First statefinfish grow-out 1970 (TRIGOM) inDurham, New Hampshire. by Research the Institute of Gulf the of Maine Conference on aquaculture inNew England held Farms, Wiscasset. First state finfish grow-out efforts by Maine 1970s Sea Grantaward University ofMainereceives itsfirst 1971 ling MarineScienceCenter Construction ofaquaculture hatcheryattheDar 1972 environment (marine aquaculture). projects related to culture the of resources cold inthe water marine This first grant was the to Darling center and DeanDr. David for and bay 1981;hard-shell scallops, clams, 1986). and to produce triploid shellfish of four (Eastern oysters,species soft-shell 1979; clams Watera Cold Marine Environment. First facility to raise soft-shell clams largeon a scale as foundation the for Sea Grant-funded first the project the on Culture Resourcesof in Aquaculture hatchery built at University the of Maine’s Ira C.Darling Center inWalpole Enactment ofStateLeasingLaws 1973 Fox IslandFisheries 1973 -1979 leasing of public marine waters by private interests. Enactment of Maine the Aquaculture Law that governs the Founded by Spencer Fuller on Vinalhaven. ed inMaine First aquaculture leasegrant 1975 doned Farm, Inc., Clark’s Cove, South Bristol. First aquaculture granted lease inMaine to Aban ation (MAA)formed Maine Aquaculture Associ 1976 water farmers Nation inthe MAA is first the trade association to represent 1979 lease First musselbottomculture - Maine’s first bottom-culturemussel lease. - - gram iscreated The Maine-NewHampshire SeaGrantPro 1980 Planning Office. Aquaculture PlanbyState Development ofMaine 1980 Thisthe firstis bi-stateSea Grant program be to created the in country. State Planning Office. Development of Maine Aquaculture Plan by - 1980s Ocean Products founded 1982 -1991 industry. Bay,Cobscook is which now thought of of as heart the salmon the ProductsOcean was first the salmon company farmingto start in Jonesboro 4-Hmarineproject 1983 spawned Cutler Island and Beals hatcheries. Jonesboro 4-Hmarine project stepping-stone —the that Founding oftheOyster 1984 -1986 mothballed statemothballed for most of 1990’s the ly founded and imported. The program went into a The oyster broodstock program stocks were initial Research Group (FARG) Establishment ofFisheries&Aquaculture 1985 UM Agricultural Experiment Station. Establishment of Fisheries &Aquaculture Research Group (FARG) within Founding ofCutlerMarineHatchery 1986 Founding of Cutler Marine Hatchery, first privately operated, fishermen-sponsored lobsterrearing facilitythe in U.S. 1988 Construction ofGardner LakeHatchery 1987 welling systems Mook andJohnsonpublicationonuseofup Founding ofBealsIslandRegionalShellfishHatchery 1987 - Gardner is one Lake of remaining the commercial hatcheries inMaine inuse still 2000’s at point which were they replaced with powered upweller designs. culture. Tidal powered upwellers predominated through late the 1990’s and early This publication marksbeginning the the of use of upwellers in shellfish aqua hatchery-reared soft-shell clams. Founding Island of Beals Regional Shellfish Hatchery,the first shellfish management program uses that (MAIC) Formation ofMaineAquaculture InnovationCenter 1988 Formation of Maine Aquaculture Innovation Center at University the of Maine. - Construction oftheFranklinFacility 1989 Cobscook BayFinfishGrowers Association 1989 tive Aquaculture Research (CCAR) facility is currently owned by University the of Maine and is known as Center the for Coopera builtOriginally hatchery as aland and based growout facility for Pennaboscott Salmon, this breifly,before being dissolved theand membersjoined MAA Bay Cobscook FinfishThe Growers Association was created and existed lantic salmonimports Anti-dumping dutyimposedonNorwegianAt 1990 Maine” Release of“TheAquaculture Strategyfor 1990 on farmingindustry First useofvaccinesinMaine’s salm 1990 ported Norwegianported Atlantic salmon. The U.S. International CommissionTrade imposes an anti-dumping duty on im State of Maine issues “The Aquaculture Strategy for Maine.” in Maine farmed salmon First of use vaccination inMaine to help reduce risk of the disease (FAMP) culture MonitoringProgram Creation oftheFinfishAqua 1991 MAIC separatesfrom Umaine 1991 fish harvested. fish byfunded of pound atax of $0.01per aquacultured monitoring of finfishoperations. The program was provide for uniform and consistent environmental The state legislature createdthe FAMP in order to independent of University the of Maine. Maine Aquaculture Innovation Center becomes - - research onNoriinMaine Coastal Plantationsstarts 1992 -1999 cused on growingcused Porphyra sp. for Nori. First culture algae business state. inthe They fo - - - - - Workshop Northeast FarmedFishHealthManagement 1993 -MAR272007 First outbreak ofHitradiseaseinMaine 1993 Japanese algaeinMaine ICES approves introduction of 1993 narians and management personnel about current and potential fishrisks. health NEFFHMW was founded by Dr. Optiz and Dr. Mitchell to educate farmers, veteri Maine waters. to introduce nori (Porphyra yezoensis) into Gulf of (ICES) approves Seas the State the of Maine’s request The InternationalCommission forExplorationthe of First of use vaccination inMaine to help reduce inMaine risk of the disease farmed salmon 1990s - farming Investigations intoHalibut 1994 First outbreak ofsealiceinMaine 1994 feeding. Adoption ofunderwatervideocamerasforusein 1994 -1998 halibut farming. build broodstock and research potential the of MAIC sponsors aproject halibut to collect to anto be issue inMaine since appearance their First reported issue liceinMaine. of sea licehave Sea continued improved feeding and helped to maintain environmental minimal impacts. Use of underwater water camera’s video become ubiquitous Their duringuse period. this NE RegionalGrantNoriculture project 1995 Aquaculture Strategy” Development of“Maine’s 1995 -1997 Investigations intoCodFarming 1995 Switch from steelcagestoPolarCircles 1995 -2003 in salmonfarming First useofautomatedfeedingsystems 1995 -2003 tations, Umaine, UNH,Northeastern University, and Uconn. A large research project to develop Nori culture techniques region inthe Grant by funded NERegional Sea Programs. The project involved PlanCoastal over an 18month period. industry, government and university volunteers egy,” aplanning document that was crafted by Resources, releases “Maine1s Aquaculture Strat In 1997,Robin Commissioner Alden, of Marine dating “The the Aquaculture Strategy for Maine”. DMR commissioner processes the begins of up National and MAIC Marine provide Fisheries Service grants for establishment the of hatcheries cod experimental at Swans Island and inFranklin. escape eventsescape due to catastrophic cage failure. major shift infarming This practices. change also helped toreduce The switchfrom and wooden steelcages polar to circles marks a escape eventsescape due to catastrophic cage failure. major shift infarming This practices. change also helped toreduce The switchfrom and wooden steelcages polar to circles marks a - First Aquaculture EPSCOREAward 1996 -2001 Shift inMAIC’s StrategicMission 1996 Shift inMAIC’s StrategicMission 1996 Deployment ofmusselraftsinMaine MAY 1996 The University of Mainewins NationalScience Foundation support to expand its aquaculture research and teaching roles. transfertechnology and business develpment. The Maine Aquaculture InnovationCenter embarks on strategy to new generategreater support for aquaculture research, transfer and business development. to generategy greater support for aquaculture research, technology The Maine Aquaculture InnovationCenter embarks on stratenew coast. Mussel Co. deployed mussel rafts sitesseveral at along Maine’s The Island Institute, Co.,OysterPemaquid and GreatEastern - - founded Marshall PointSeaFarms 1997 Containment MAA releases itsCodeof 1997 ing with at-risk youth. Clyde, ME.Marshall Point Farms Sea work begins An oyster aquaculture company located In Port New Brunswick and Maine 1987&1994. between developed after eventsanalyzing escape actual in oncuses equipment standards. The standards were Containment to reduce farm The escapes. code fo Maine fish farmers develop a world’sCode of first Policy Specialist” nior Aquaculture DMR hires a“Se 1998 tor for Maine. Statethe Aquaculture Coordina The employee new functions as ture Policy Specialist “to its staff. sources adds a“Senior Aquacul DepartmentThe of MarineRe water Act on farmersundertheClean Lawsuit brought againstsalm 1998 General ShellfishIndustrymeetings 1998 -2002 Experimental leasesare created 1998 industry requestingindustry permits. the agenciestory had to failed issue despite permits the charge under Water Clean permits the Act. Regula andindustry Regulators for operating without dis Non governmental groups salmon sued the farming They eventually They whatbecame is nowknow theand Shellfish Working Group. networking and professional development opportunities to shellfish the industry. These meeting were started Danaby Morse and Sea MaineGrant to help provide wish to conduct experiments. siteslease to companies, individuals, and scientists who Departmentthe of Marine Resources to grant marine The Maine StateLegislature legislation enacts allowing ------dation iscreated Education Foun Marshall Point 1999 -2000 the Franklinfacility UMaine purchases 1999 to MusselRaftCulture” Island Institutepublishes“TheMaineGuide SEP 1999 Spawning Halibut Broodstock and 1999 -Present (LPA) are created Limited PurposeAquaculture Licenses 1999 First experimentalLease 1999 Proposed listingofAtlanticSalmonasendangered NOV 171999 Farm. adjacent to Marshall Point Sea room/saltwater lab facility lishes operations inclass (3) non-profit status, estab Foundation receives 501(c) Marshall Point Education incubation space. water research spaceand business marine,scale brackish and fresh facility now provides commercial Aquaculture Research the (CCAR) comes Center the for Cooperative Franklinthe facility, be which The University of Maine purchases techniques and how to get inyour started own mussel culture business. This publication forthe general suspended public discussed culturemussel but and develop halibut culture techniques for Maine. 2004 and continues CCAR to produce juvenile hali conditioned for spawning. First spawning in occurs Wild caught broodstock are brought into and CCAR trying new potential new shellfishgrowing trying areas. rearing specific organisms. They were establishedmeans asa of LPAs are arenewable license for up to 400square feet of gear for The DepartmentThe of MarineResources grants the first lease. experimental restoration results. opposes listing, citing lack the of scientificbasis forthe Governorproposed action. Angus the King also opposes action, emphasizingFederal that the Maine AtlanticConservationsalmon Plan givenbe must an opportunity yieldto The Government’s Federal National (NMFS) and Fish (USFWS)andService Marine Fisheries Service Wildlife announcetheir intent to list wild Atlanticsalmon as a EndangeredFederal TheSpecies. salmonMaine farmed industry ------Maine First outbreak ifISAin 2000 parts ofMaine as federallyendangered in Atlantic salmonare listed NOV 132000 - Endangered Species Act. and Cove Brook are listed under federal the Narraguagus, Ducktrap, and Sheepscot rivers Dennys,the Machias, East Machias, Pleasant, (GOM DPS) of atlantic salmon that includes The Gulf of Mainepopulation distict segment tute comes theDowneastInsti Shellfish Hatcherybe Beal’s IslandRegional 2000 Grant Programs become independentSea Maine andNewHampshire 2000 - more accurately reflect its mission. Marine Research and Education (DEI) to BIRSH to Downeast the Institute for Applied In changed Board 2000,the its name from Herring Gut Learning Center Herring GutLearning Foundation changesnameto Marshall PointEducation 2000 name to Herring Gut Center Learning Marshall Point Education Foundation changes - - lance program USDA APHISISAV surveil DEC 2001 Studies Containment andMarking 2001 -JAN2007 Bay duetoISAV Depopulation ofCobscook DEC 2001-APR2002 Salmon IndustryandeNGOMOU 2001 Polycheate Culture begins 2001 programs. to overseeport ISAV prevention and monitoring USDA APHIS established afield East office in ners study marking and containment hurdles. state management agencies, and eNGO part MAA inconjunction with industry, and federal equipment all ed bay. inthe Bay.from fish Cobscook all disinfect also They The USDA APHIS oversawthe depopulation of developing solutions. mental NGO’s amomorandum sign of understanding to work collaboratively on Maine Aquaculture Association, Maine salmon farming companies and Environ incubator tentant at CCAR. ture to recirculation Bait systems. becomes first the Sea business Bait with partners UMaineSea at adapting CCAR polycheate cul - - Rejuvenation oftheOysterBroodstock program 2002 Scale ReadingWorkshop Jul 2002 Practice Comprehensive Codeof 2002 Shellfish Working Group 2002 site inLowe’s Cove Darling MarineScienceCenterhasafulllease 2002 -2012 material to commerical the industry. animals ofsurviving work.The original the program now provideds improved genetic Grower interest helps researchers to rejuvenate Broodstock Oyster the program from MAA sponsored workshop reading on scale state.in the of that Practice Code covers cultured species all MAA membership adopts acomprehensive They evolved They out General theShellfish of meetings. Industry networking and professional development opportunities to shellfish the industry. These meeting were started Danaby Morse and Sea MaineGrant to help provide DMC aquaculture afull site possess lease inLowe’s Cove. - - - - ect culture Centerproj Water MarineAqua the NationalCold USDA ARSinitiates 2003 Aquaculture Research. One of of Maine Center for Cooperative collaboration with Unviersity the Wolters. TheR. center works in overseenbeing by Dr. William Aquaculturerine Center is The NationalCold Water Ma Containment ManagementSystem 2003 agement Systemputintopractice 3rd partyverifiedContainmentMan 2003 Discharge Permits issuedtofishfarmers 2003 Formation oftheWorking Waterfront Coalition 2003 Comprehensive CodeofPractice AUG 2003-JAN2004 plete theircurrent facilities DEI relocates andstartsaprogram ofrenovation andconstructiontocom 2003 -2010 products achieve sustainableaquaculture andnewfood Integrated withPorphyra(“nori”)to 2003 -2008 needing adischarge inMaine. permit ing human error. The CMS is now requiredsalmon all facilities of audited Containment Management System on reduc (CMS)based agencies, and eNGO produces partners World’s the firstthird party MAA inconjunction with industry, and federal state management ofpart discharge the the issued permits under clean the water act. developed by industy, government and NGO’s was put into effect as Containmentthe Management System (CMS)collaboratively Permits issued to salmon producers under Endangered the Species Act and Water Clean Act and coalition CEIthe lobbies for and policies actions to help keep Maine’s existing working waterfront, including aquaculture operations. foundedOriginally by 12groups, including Maine the Aquaculture Association, Island the Institute, Maine the Lobsterman’s Association and resolvetry potential conflicts across areas all to provide for sustainable the growth of indus the industry.task The force proposed about 100 recommendations force to at look Aquaculture inMaine and issues surrounding the Gov. and state the Baldacci legistature created ablue ribbon task addition, DEI the board had its sights on creating easternmost the marine research laboratory and education center US. inthe ofgoal renovating a9,600square-foot building primarily used for temporary storage of into ashellfish production facility. In summer the During of 2003,DEI moved from its home at Perio Point Island) (Beals to Black Duck Cove (Great Wass Island) with the Nori inan integrated system with marine fish farms. A pair of projects by funded Maine Grant Sea to develop techniques for growing - 2000s - - Demonstration ofCodculture onSalmonFarms 2004 - - mercial salmon cages Nick Brown and Staff CCAR establishedCod at broodstock and produced juveniles for stocking out incom lege status full NationalSeaGrantCol University ofMainereceived 2004 salmon operationsinMaine chases allofthecommercial Cooke Aquaculture pur APR 2004-2006 First OysterGardening program inMaine 2004 sole commercialsole salmon grower inMaine. These purchases leaveCooke Aquaculturethe as coast NA opperations of Stolt Farms Sea in2006. ations of Connor’s Brothers in2005and East the Maine on salmon 4/1/2004,the aquaculture opper AquacultureCooke purchases Atlantic Salmon of Science CenterScience program inMaine. The program is cycleshosted forseveral Darlingthe at Marine Dana Morse and Davis Chris collaborateOyster to first the start Gardening tion cycleinCobscookBay Implementation ofthe3yearproduc JUN 2005 cycle ofcycle its world. kindinthe through DMR stocking Thisthe permits. firstis such production production and Bay. fallowing inCobscook cycle This is inforced (06/2005) Commercial growers voluntarily implemented a3year - - - Access PilotProgram Passage oftheWorking Waterfront NOV 2005 current usetaxation Passage oftheWorking Waterfront 2005 ing-waterfront property. ities, cooperatives and businesses to help purchase them work state bond that fund provided grants to families, municipal Working Waterfront Access Pilot Program (WWAPP), a$2million valuation. culture at taxed to be acurrent value use rather than standard tax criteria andcertain for is used access or aqua Program develop to allow for waterfront property that meets - - Hatchery Roundtable 2006 -Present (GBA Maine)formed Great BayAquaculture ofMaine 2006 - interest. educate public both and private hatchery owners, operators and staff on topics of Annual Professional Development event co-hosted by MAA,MAIC and ARIto GBA Maine to with partners rear CCAR inMaine. cod ------Rewrite oftheMEPA Discharge Permits 2008 USDA ARSofficiallyopenstheirfaciltiesinFranklinMaine MAY 282008 on IMTA farms tation onEcologyofdisease Michael Pietrak’s PhDDisser JAN 2008-MAY 2013 Investigations intothePotentialHealthandEconomicBenefitsofbivalve/finfishco-cultur JUN 2008-DEC222010 (USDA). consumers. ARSis chief the intramural scientific research agency the of DepartmentU.S. of Agriculture sustainability and profitability of cold water marine aquaculture and ensuresafe, abundant for U.S. (NCWMAC) here today. Research at center new the on developing is focused technologies to enhance the (ARS)dedicated its Nationalhe new Agricultural Research Service Water Cold Marine Aquaculture Center PhD Student to Graduate. dissertation work for Michael first the Pietrak, ARI oneases an IMTA Finfish-musselthat farm formsthe Work with starts Ian of Bricknell on Dis Ecology the NRAC project funded examining interactions the the mussel, between ISAV, Vibrio anguillarum and fish. GBA MainegetsfirstallCodlease MAY 222009 ARI created JUL 2009 Kevin Neves’PhDDissertationonCataractsinCod 2009 -AUG2013 salmon isexpanded. endangered Atlantic menent (GOMDPS)for tinct PopulationSeg The GulfofMaineDis JUL 202009 rine growoutrine farm US. inthe GBA Maine inFrenchman’s get lease bay ma forCod first the all creates Aquaculture the Research Institute University of Maine of Board Trustees officially Work at starts looking into CCAR This Cataractsforms inCod. the dissertations work for Kevin secondthe Neves, ARI PhD student to Graduate. Adroscoggin Rivers. now covers, Kennebec, the Penobscot and Atlantic salmon is expanded. Notably it Segmenent (GOM DPS) for endangered The Gulf of Maine Distinct Population - - Organic standards recommended 2010 er Association(DRA) grates totheDanmariscottaRiv Oyster Gardening program mi 2010 LPAs Scallops addedasalegalspecieson 2010 ture system finfish integratedmulti-trophic aquacul ogy andpredictive ecologyinabivalve/ Examination offinfishpathogenphysiol FEB 2010-JUN302013 to USDA. the Standards have yet adopted. to be National Organic Standards recommends Board standards technical for conservation groupa local to pilot concept. the around state, the its operation is turned over to DRA the In and order spread to try oyster the gardening program IPNV, Francisella and fish. NRAC project funded examining interactions the the mussels, between - - - - - the discharge permits Modifcations tothe2008versionof 2011 - - 2010s e salmonis Krøyer1837). of thesealouse(Lepeophtheirus modulating theinfectiouspressure The role ofwildandfarmedfishin SEP 2012 National Grant Sea project funded DEVELOPED BY Farming Manual Ocean Approved releases Kelp September 19th2013- lease inLowe’s Cove DMC grantedanexperimental AUG 2013-2016 spat foraquaculture Special licensetocollectandsellscallop 2013 Seaweed Scene2013 Aug 292013 for culturing kelp north Atlantic. inthe A PDF copy is made available of Approved’s Ocean manual and species. algae granted. includes The lease culturethe of avaried of shellfish Cove are site and successful lease experimental anew is Efforts to commercialthereplace full site old Lowe’s lease in Maine Grant, Sea UM Cooperative Extension and ARI. by Sarah Redmond, Dana Morse and incollaboration with networkingSeaweed and informational meeting organized MariCal Founded ???? commercialize research discoveries Commercial company founded inMaine to