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Aquaponics NOMA New Innovations for Sustainable Aquaculture in the Nordic Countries

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Aquaponics NOMA New Innovations for Sustainable Aquaculture in the Nordic Countries NORDIC INNOVATION PUBLICATION 2015:06 // MAY 2015 Aquaponics NOMA New Innovations for Sustainable Aquaculture in the Nordic Countries Aquaponics NOMA (Nordic Marine) New Innovations for Sustainable Aquaculture in the Nordic Countries Author(s): Siv Lene Gangenes Skar, Bioforsk Norway Helge Liltved, NIVA Norway Paul Rye Kledal, IGFF Denmark Rolf Høgberget, NIVA Norway Rannveig Björnsdottir, Matis Iceland Jan Morten Homme, Feedback Aquaculture ANS Norway Sveinbjörn Oddsson, Matorka Iceland Helge Paulsen, DTU-Aqua Denmark Asbjørn Drengstig, AqVisor AS Norway Nick Savidov, AARD, Canada Randi Seljåsen, Bioforsk Norway May 2015 Nordic Innovation publication 2015:06 Aquaponics NOMA (Nordic Marine) – New Innovations for Sustainable Aquaculture in the Nordic Countries Project 11090 Participants Siv Lene Gangenes Skar, Bioforsk/NIBIO Norway, [email protected] Helge Liltved, NIVA/UiA Norway, [email protected] Asbjørn Drengstig, AqVisor AS Norway, [email protected] Jan M. Homme, Feedback Aquaculture Norway, [email protected] Paul Rye Kledal, IGFF Denmark, [email protected] Helge Paulsen, DTU Aqua Denmark, [email protected] Rannveig Björnsdottir, Matis Iceland, [email protected] Sveinbjörn Oddsson, Matorka Iceland, [email protected] Nick Savidov, AARD Canada, [email protected] Key words: aquaponics, bioeconomy, recirculation, nutrients, mass balance, fish nutrition, trout, plant growth, lettuce, herbs, nitrogen, phosphorus, business design, system design, equipment, Nordic, aquaculture, horticulture, RAS. Abstract The main objective of AQUAPONICS NOMA (Nordic Marine) was to establish innovation networks on co-production of plants and fish (aquaponics), and thereby improve Nordic competitiveness in the marine & food sector. To achieve this, aquaponics production units were established in Iceland, Norway and Denmark, adapted to the local needs and regulations. Experiments were performed to investigate suitable fish and crop species for Nordic aquaponics in terms of growth, quality, effluents, temperature and nutrient balances. Further efforts have been made to optimize management practices and technologies in aquaponics, e.g. treatment of wastewater and solid wastes to protect the environment from pollution and pathogens. The project has designed commercial scale aquaponics production models for the Nordic region, and investigated consumer market potentials including the possibility for Eco- labeling. The study has demonstrated that aquaponics may be a viable component in Nordic food production, both at small scale (urban aquaponics) and in large scale combinations of agri- and aquaculture. The results have been and will be disseminated to the public and to the scientific community. Aquaponics NOMA (Nordic Marine) – New Innovations for Sustainable Aquaculture in the Nordic Countries Nordic Innovation Publication 2015:06 © Nordic Innovation, Oslo 2015 ISBN: 978-82-8277-076-7 (Print) ISBN: 978-82-8277-075-0 (URL: http://www.nordicinnovation.org/publications) Production: Melkeveien Designkontor AS Printed on environmentally friendly paper This publication can be downloaded free of charge as a pdf-file from www.nordicinnovation.org/publications. Other Nordic Innovation publications are also freely available at the same web address. Publisher Nordic Innovation, Stensberggata 25, NO-0170 Oslo, Norway Phone: (+47) 22 61 44 00. Fax: (+47) 22 55 65 56. E-mail: [email protected] www.nordicinnovation.org Cover photo: Siv Lene Gangenes Skar, Bioforsk Norway Copyright Nordic Innovation 2015. All rights reserved. This publication includes material protected under copyright law, the copyright for which is held by Nordic Innovation or a third party. Material contained here may not be used for commercial purposes. The contents are the opinion of the writers concerned and do not represent the official Nordic Innovation position. Nordic Innovation bears no responsibility for any possible damage arising from the use of this material. The original source must be mentioned when quoting from this publication. Project participants Norway Iceland NIBIO Landvik (tidl. Bioforsk Øst) Matis Siv Lene Gangenes Skar Rannveig Björnsdottir Project leader/WP leader/ Researcher Scientist researcher [email protected] [email protected] Matorka AqVisor AS (tidl. Hobas AS) Sveinbjörn Oddsson Asbjørn Drengstig WP leader/Aquaculture management CEO/Consultant [email protected] [email protected] Feedback Aquaculture ANS/AqVisor AS Denmark Jan Morten Homme IGFF Consultant Paul Rye Kledal [email protected] Director [email protected] NIVA/UiA Helge Liltved DTU-Aqua WP leader/Researcher Helge Paulsen [email protected] Senior advisory scientist [email protected] Aquaponics AS (until winter 2012) Stein Uleberg Fisherman/aquaculture Canada Cell phone +47 9067 8995 Government of Alberta Nick Savidov [email protected] Preface & acknowledgments In 2012, the participants of the project decided to connect with a Canadian research team in aquaponics, in order to share knowledge and experience. It has been a pleasure to cooperate with Dr Nick Savidov from The Government of Alberta, Canada, and the project consortium would like to thank him for his contributions at several Skype-meetings, and for his sharing of knowledge and experience with aquaponics in Canada. Further, the project consortium would like to express their thanks to Nordic Innovation for the project grant and for valuable communication and help during the project period. Last, but not least, we would like to thank Dr Randi Seljåsen from Bioforsk for her critical commenting and many good suggestions to the report. On behalf of the project consortium Grimstad, May 2015 Siv Lene Gangenes Skar, Bioforsk Executive summary This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current state and the future possibilities of Nordic aquaponics, as a new way to produce food locally and sustainable. The analysis includes an economic and technical analysis as well as system design, selection of suitable plant- and fish species, investigations on plant to fish ratios, documentation of growth of fish and plants. The results show that it is a possible to develop aquaponics systems suited for Nordic conditions. In order to fulfil requirements in national legislations or the companies’ strategies, different system designs were used in the different countries. The report finds the prospects of Nordic aquaponics positive as a new way to produce healthy vegetables and fish locally by using fish wastewater as a nutrient supplier. The discussion includes benefits of aquaponics food production: • Extremely water efficient • Does not require soil • Does not use any chemical pesticides or fertilizers • Daily tasks, harvesting and planting are creating job opportunities and can include all genders and ages • Can be used on non-arable land such as deserts, degraded soil or salty, sandy islands • Sustainable and intensive food production system • Two agricultural products, fish and vegetables, are produced from one nitrogen source, fish feed • Organic-like management and production The work has also revealed some areas of weakness, which requires further investigation and remedial action by R&D institutes and know-how companies. Discussion points include: • Improving system design for optimal production of fish and plants • Legislation in the Nordic countries for aquaponics start-ups • Parameters to improve/increase investors/producers turnover • Fish and plant requirements do not always match perfectly • Knowledge on fish, bacteria and plant production is needed for each farmer to be successful • Expensive initial start-up costs compared with soil vegetable production og hydroponics • Daily management is mandatory • Energy demanding • Requires reliable access to electricity, fish fingerlings and plant seeds • Mistakes or accidents can cause catastrophic collapse of the system • Reduced management choices Before starting an aquaponics production, it is necessary to consider: 1. Where is the aquaponics facility going to be placed, water availability, legislation (Mattilsynet in Norway, the Environment Agency and Local Municipalities in Iceland and Denmark), fish fingerlings, energy, choice of crop, etc.? 2. Do I have the required knowledge? If not, where can I find information about this? 3. Do I have required licences for fish farming (concession, fish welfare course, etc.)? 4. Can I sell my products? Ask authorities for food safety (Mattilsynet in Norway, the Environment Agency and Local Municipalities in Iceland) 5. Make an analysis of your market – to whom are you selling the products? 6. Enjoy your aquaponics production – there will always be a learning period in the beginning of a start-up! The project participants recommend continuing the work with aquaponics and sustainable production methods within the blue-green sector. This project aims to understand the importance of common knowledge, collaboration between companies/consumers/researchers and those innovation products needs new research. Companies’ needs more knowledge for construction of new system modules to make local food rural or urban and job-opportunities to younger or un-employed people. Aquaculture and horticulture production sites need manuals to understand how to combine Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................12 1.1 Introduction to the aquaponics system ...............................................13 1.2 Aquaponics in a global context .....................................................17
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