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Download Book (PDF) T AR : 1 PART- · I ZOOLOGICA SURV Y 0 0 A 1989 STATE FAUNA SERIES NO.1 FAUNA OF ORISSA PART 2 Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India ~~ ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA 1989 @ Copyright 1989, Government of India Published: October, 1989 P~TED AT SRI AUROBINDO PRJ!SS, 16 HEMENDRA SEN STREET, CALCU1TA- 700 006, PRODUCED BY THB PUBLICATION DIVISION AND PUBLISHBD BY THE DptECTOR, ZOOLOGlCA,1- S'Ul\VEt OP INDIA, CALCUTTA-700 020. FOREWORD This volume forms part 2 of the "Fauna of Orissa" which is being published by the Zoological Survey of India under the newly started "State Fauna Series". Part 1 contained contributions on groups such as Protozoa, Porifera, Polychaeta, Orthoptera, Isoptera, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Neuroptera, Diptera, certain families of orders Hemiptera and Lepidoptera, spiders, ticks, mites, Stomatopoda, Gastrotricha and Rotifera by the different specialists in the Zoological Survey of India and outside. The present part 2 contains article on Meiofauna, Oligo­ chaeta, Trematoda, insect orders Orthoptera, Dermaptera, Dictyoptera and freshwater and terrestrial Mollusca. Two more parts on some other groups of the fauna of Orissa are likely to be brought out; part 3 containing contributions on Marine mollusca and some other insect groups and part 4 mainly the vertebrate groups. The fauna of state of Orissa has been thoroughly surveyed and it has made possible for Z. S. I. to bring out a consolidated systematic account on various groups of animals. I wish to acknowledge my sincere thanks to various specialists for their contributions, to the Publication Division for bringing out this volume and particularly to Dr. O. B. Chhotani, Scientist-SF (JOint Director) for his help in editing. Prof. Mohammed Shamim Jairajpuri Director Zoological Survey of India September 30th, 1989 FAUNA OF ORISSA PART 2, CONTENTS Page INTERTIDAL MEIOPAUNA -G. Chandrasekhara Rao ••• 1 OUGOCHABTA-A CHECKLIST -J. M. Julka, B. K. Senapatl and R. Paliwal 79 INSECTA : ORTHOPTERA : ACARIDOlDEA -Sf K. Tandon and M. S. Shishodla 93 INSECTA: DERMAPTERA -G. K. Srivastava 147 INSECTA: DICTYOPTERA : BLATTARIA -K. P. Mukherjee 171 INSECTA : HEMIPTERA -L. K. Ghosh, B. Biswas, S. P. Chakraborty & G. C. Sen 181 DIGENETIC TREMATODES OF VERTEBRATES -M. HaJeezullah 225 MOLLUSCA (TERRESTRIAL) -N. V. Subba Rao, D. K. Thakur & S. C. Mitra 253 MOLLUSCA (FRESHWATER) -N. V Suhba Rao, S. C. Mitra & R. N. Manna 277 INTERTIDAL MEIOFAUNA G. CHANDRASEKHARA RAo Andaman & Nicobar Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Port Bla;r-744101 INTRODUCTION The meiofauna of Orissa coast is sufficiently rich and varied with a large number of species inhabiting the algae, sandy and muddy sediments in the littoral region. Our knowledge on the taxonomy, ecology and distribution of meiofauna of these habitats was limited to the works of Nagabhushanam and Rao (1969), Rao (1969, 1978, 1981), Patnaik (1971), Sarma and Rao (1980) and Sarma et ale (1981). Thus, a detailed investigation of the intertidal meiofauna of the Orissa coast needed to be undertaken to have a comprehensive idea of the nature of faunal element of this region. The present article deals with the results of a collection of meiofauna made on Orissa coast during the exploratory programmes of the Zoological Survey of India in January 1977 and July-September 1989. Eight localities on the coast near Chandipur, Bhadrakh, Paradwip, Konarak, Puri, Rambha Bay (Chilka Lake), Bahuda Estuary and Gopalpur, were investigated (Fig. 1). The material reported here comprises in all 130 species of the diverse groups of meiofauna, while some of it still remains to be studied and identified. Species marked with an asterisk in the text are new records for Orissa coast. All the meiofauna has been collected and examined by the author following the standard methods recommended for the study (Hulings and Gray 1971). The soft fauna was studied in fresh condition, while the hard fauna was preserved for subsequent analysis and identi­ fication. 1 2 FAUNA OF ORISSA: STATE FAUNA SERIBS No.1 21 \ 10 BAY 19 OF BENGAL 84 85 86 81 Fig. 1. Map showing the localities 1·8 investigated on Orissa coast. 1. Chandipur, 2. Bhadrakh. 3. Paradwip, 4. Konarak, S. Puri. 6. Rambha Bay (Chilka Lake), 7. Bahuda estuary. 8. Gopalpur. The study confirms the growing evidence that many marine meiofauna species are eurytopic, with a wide range of geographical distribution along the coasts of Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Further intensive field surveys of these habitats on Orissa coast may quite likely reveal the presence of many more species adding to the existing faunal list. RAO : Intertidal M eiofauna 3 SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT Phylum CNIDARIA Class Hydrozoa Order ACTINULIDA Family HALAMMOHYDRIDAE Genus Halammohydra Remane, 1927 1. Halammohydra octopodides Remane 1927. Halammohydra octopodides Remane, Zeitschr, Morphol. Oekol., 7 : 643. Material examined: 3 ex., Puri, 22.1.77 ; 2 ex., Puri, 23.1.77. Diagnostic features: Aberrant cnidarians with body entirely ciliated. Gastric tube elliptical. Aboral cone globular with adhesive organ. Tentacles in two whorls of 5+5, alternating with a whorl of 5 statocysts of the lithostyle type. Cnidome with micro and macros­ tenoteles of two size categories. Measurements: Length 0.4-0.5 mm and maximum diameter 0.2 mm. Remarks: Remane described the species from Baltic and North Sea coasts. Rao and Ganapati (1965) reported the species for the first time from Indian waters. The present material showed some variation from original description mainly in the structure of cnidome. Further, because of the geographical isolation of the areas investigated, it is quite possible that that the Indian specimens represent a different species. Habitat: Coarse sand 5 cm below surface between low and half­ tide levels, intertidal zone. Distribution: Baltic Sea, North Sea, North Atlantic, Mediterranean, Bay of Bengal. *2. Halammohydra sp. Material examined: 2 ex., Gopalpur, 29.1.77. Description: Body small and transparent. Aboral cone globular with weakly developed adhesive organ. Two whorls of slender tentacles and statocysts present numbering 4+8+4. Neck short. Gastric tube cylindrical. Cnidome consists of microeuryteles in two size categories. A single gonad present. Weakly thigmotactic cone. Measurements: Length 0.4 mm and width 0.1 mm. 4 FAUNA OF ORISSA: STATE FAUNA SERIES No.1 Remarks: Although the morphological features of the present material approach H. chauhani Rao (1975) described from Andamans, in the absence of detailed studies of the cnidome, confirmation of the species is left to future investigations. Habitat: Coarse and medium sand between low and half-tide levels, intertidal zone. Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES Class Turbellaria Order MACROSTOMIDA Family MACROSTOMlDAE Genus Acanthomacrostomum Papi and Swedmark, 1959 *3. Acanthomacrostomum gerlachi Ax 1971. Acanlhomacroslomum gerlach; Ax, Microfauna Meere~'bodell, 8: 1. Material examined: 1 ex., Konark, 25.1.77 ; 7 ex., Puri, 21.1.71; 2 ex., Gopalpur, 31.1.77. Diagnostic features; Aberrant turbellarian. Body flat, oblong and leaf-like. Head truncate and tail pointed. Internal skeleton of spicules directed posteriorly and posterolaterally in 6-8 transverse rows. Spicule size increases from anterior end to posterior end. Mouth ventral and located about one fourth of total body length from anterior end. Hypodermal glands profuse. Body highly thigmotactic. Measurements: Length 0.4-0.8 mm and maximum width 0.1-0.2 mm. Remarks: The material conforms with the original description of the species from Maldives. As pointed out by Ax (1971), A. spiculi­ fe,~um Papi and Swedmark (1959) recorded by Rao (1969) on Orissa coast is to be treated as A. gerlachi. Hence, this is the first record of the species from Indian waters. Habitat: Coarse sand with fine shell gravel 5 em below surface between low and high tide levels, intertidal zone. Distribution: Maldives, Lakshadweep, Indian subcontinent, Andaman Islands. RAO : Intertidal Meiofauna 5 Order SERIAT A Family MONOCELIDIDAE Genus Monocelis Ehrenberg, 1931 4. Monocelis Iineata (0. F. Muller) 1913. Monocelis /ireata (0. F. Muller) Graff, Das Tierreich, 3S: 496. Material examined: 3 ex., Bhadrakh, 15.1.77 ; 7 ex., Puri, 21.1.77 ; 1 ex., popalpur, 27.1.77. Diagnostic features: Body linear with flattened tail. Proboscis located in the second half of body. Brownish ocular pigment occurs in front of statocyst in the from of a transverse band. Proboscis ventral and located posteriorly in the second half of body. Measurements: Length 2.0-3.0 mm and diameter 0.2-0.3 mm. Remarks: The specimens examined fully agree with the descrip­ tion of the species made by Graff (1913) from the European coasts. Graff mentioned that the worms attain up to 5 mm in length, while the local forms are considerably smalleJ in size. Habitat: Fine and medium sand to a depth of 10 cm below surface between low and high tide levels, intertidal zone. Distribution: Baltic Sea, North Sea, North Atlantic, Mediterranean, Black Sea, Bay of Bengal. Family OTOPLANIDAE Genus Otoplana Du Plessis, 1812 *5. Otopiana subterranea Ax 1951. Dtop/ana ~ubterranea Ax, Zool. Jahrh., 80 : 227. Material examined: 4 ex., Puri, 22.1.77; 3 ex., Bahuda estuary, 26.9.80; 1 ex., Gopalpur, 27.1.77. Diagnostic features: Body elongated and flattened, with sensory bristles on the anterior margin. Adhesive papillae 6-8 pairs on tail. Central funnel tube of the copulatory organ is conical, while the stylets have bifurcated tips unequal in length. Proboscis ventral and located about half the length of the body. The species is highly thigmotactic and lurks amidst sand grains. Measurements: Length 0.8-1.0 mm and width less than 0.1 mm. 6 FAUNA OF ORISSA: STATE FAUNA SERIES No.1 Remarks: The type specimens attained a length of 0.7-0.8 mm, while the local forms are considerably longer. The central funnel tube and stylets are also proportionately longer than the Baltic specimens. This is a new record for the Indian coast.
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