우즈베키스탄 씨족 네트워크가 권위주의 체제 안정성에 미치는 영향: 권력공유 이론(Power-Sharing Theory)을 중심으로
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Les Droits De L'homme En Europe Janv.-Fev. 2017
DROITS DE L’HOMME DANS LE MONDE LES DROITS DE L’HOMME ORIENTALE ET DANS EN EUROPE L’ESPACE POST-SOVIÉTIQUE N° 21 JANV.-FEV. 2017 Éditorial 2016 aura été une année électorale. Aux Etats- dans le Caucase, la Lettre change de nom ! Unis avec la campagne qui a vu Donald Trump Elle s’appelle désormais « Lettre des droits s’imposer au parti républicain ; mais également de l’Homme en Europe orientale et dans avec une série de scrutins législatifs et l’espace post-soviétique ». En effet, l’héritage présidentiels en Europe de l’Est et dans l’ex-bloc soviétique, selon des modalités diverses soviétique. Entre août et novembre, l’Estonie a et les spécificités propres à chaque pays, changé de chef d’État ; le 13 novembre dernier, continue de structurer encore aujourd’hui les Bulgares ont également élu leur président ; le le champ politique de ces territoires. 30 octobre, c’était le tour des Moldaves... Les Changement de nom n’implique pas élections législatives de septembre ont ouverts changement de choix éditoriaux ; nous pour la première fois les portes du Parlement continuerons évidemment à nous à l’opposition au Bélarus et ce même mois focaliser sur l’étude et la défense des les Russes ont confirmé leur adhésion au droits et libertés, plus que jamais au pouvoir en place. Les élections législatives ont coeur des constructions en cours... eu lieu en octobre en Géorgie ; l’Ouzbékistan vient de changer de président en décembre E.T. dernier suite au décès d’Islam Karimov au pouvoir depuis 1991. Quelles leçons retirer de ces consultations ? Nous vous invitons à les découvrir ici en embarquant pour un « voyage » électoral d’Ouest en Est… Et pour acter l’élargissement de notre publication aux contenus portant sur les pays et les territoires faisant partie de l’ex- Union soviétique, situés en Asie centrale et 01 LES DROITS DE L’homme en europe orientALE ET DANS L’espACE POST-SOVIÉTIQUE N° 21 SOMMAIRE Éditorial ..................................................................................................................................................... -
Threats and Attacks Against Human Rights Defenders and the Role Of
Uncalculated Risks Threats and attacks against human rights defenders and the role of development financiers Uncalculated Risks Threats and attacks against human rights defenders and the role of development financiers May 2019 This report was authored by With case studies and contributions from And with the generous support of Uncalculated Risks Threats and attacks against human rights defenders and the role of development financiers © Coalition for Human Rights in Development, May 2019 The views expressed herein, and any errors or omissions are solely the author’s. We additionally acknowledge the valuable insights and assistance of Valerie Croft, Amy Ekdawi, Lynne-Samantha Severe, Kendyl Salcito, Julia Miyahara, Héctor Herrera, Spencer Vause, Global Witness, Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens, and the various participants of the Defenders in Development Campaign in its production. This report is an initiative of the Defenders in Development Campaign which engages in capacity building and collective action to ensure that communities and marginalized groups have the information, resources, protection and power to shape, participate in, or oppose development activities, and to hold development financiers, governments and companies accountable. We utilize advocacy and campaigning to change how development banks and other actors operate and to ensure that they respect human rights and guarantee a safe enabling environment for public participation. More information: www.rightsindevelopment.org/uncalculatedrisks [email protected] This publication is a CC-BY-SA – Attribution-ShareAlike creative commons license – the text may be used free of charge for the purposes of advocacy, campaigning, education, and research, provided that the source is acknowledged in full. The license holder requests that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. -
Uzbek President Reins in Security Service
Uzbek President Reins In Security Service Once-mighty intelligence agency weakened by a serious shake-up. Uzbek president Shavkat Mirziyoyev has launched a major reorganisation of the powerful National Security Service (SNB) in what appears to be the most ambitious series of reforms since he took power in December 2016. In mid-March, Mirziyoyev issued a decree slashing the powers of an intelligence agency long seen as a repressive secret police – a month after the resignation of formidable chairman Rustam Inoyatov, who had headed the Uzbek president Shavkat Mirziyoyev. (Photo: Press SNB since 1995. Service of the Uzbek President) Mirziyoyev’s decree transferred responsibility for a range of issues, including the security of state institutions, from SNB to the Interior Ministry (MVD) as of April 1. Other tasks, including building and maintaining security installations, will be transferred to the ministry of defence. The SNB was also renamed the State Security Service (GSB). The president made clear that what he described as the “unjustified expansion” of the agency’s authority would end. In the past, “any local issue could be seen as a national security threat. This reorganisation will draw the attention of the agency to the real state-level threats”. The decree also specifies that the intelligence agencies must “strictly uphold people’s rights, freedoms and legitimate interests” as well as protecting the state from external and Uzbek President Reins In Security Service internal threats. Although the SNB is a large agency with numerous departments throughout the country and an extensive agent network abroad, Mirziyoyev said that its centralised control had “contributed to unjustified intervention in all spheres of the activities of state authorities”. -
Uzbekistan 2016 Human Rights Report
UZBEKISTAN 2016 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Uzbekistan is an authoritarian state with a constitution that provides for a presidential system with separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The executive branch under former President Islam Karimov dominated political life and exercised nearly complete control over the other branches of government. On September 2, President Karimov died in office and new elections took place on December 4. Former prime minister Shavkat Mirziyoyev won with 88 percent of the vote. The Organization for Security and Cooperation’s Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE/ODHIR), in its preliminary election observation mission report, noted that “limits on fundamental freedoms undermine political pluralism and led to a campaign devoid of genuine competition.” The report also identified positive changes such as the election’s increased transparency, service to disabled voters, and unfettered access for 600 international observers. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces, but security services permeated civilian structures, and their interaction was opaque, which made it difficult to define the scope and limits of civilian authority. The most significant human rights problems included torture and abuse of detainees by security forces, denial of due process and fair trial, and an inability of citizens to choose their government in free, fair, and periodic elections. Other continuing human rights problems included incommunicado and prolonged detention; harsh and sometimes life-threatening prison conditions; arbitrary arrest and detention; and widespread restrictions on religious freedom, including harassment of religious minority group members and continued imprisonment of believers of all faiths. -
Constructing the Uzbek State
Constructing the Uzbek State 17_575_Laruelle.indb 1 11/14/17 2:00 PM CONTEMPORARY CENTRAL ASIA: SOCIETIES, POLITICS, AND CULTURES Series Editor Marlene Laruelle, George Washington University At the crossroads of Russia, China, and the Islamic world, Central Asia re- mains one of the world’s least-understood regions, despite being a significant theater for muscle-flexing by the great powers and regional players. This series, in conjunction with George Washington University’s Central Asia Program, offers insight into Central Asia by providing readers unique access to state-of-the-art knowledge on the region. Going beyond the media clichés, the series inscribes the study of Central Asia into the social sciences and hopes to fill the dearth of works on the region for both scholarly knowledge and undergraduate and graduate student education. Titles in Series Afghanistan and Its Neighbors after the NATO Withdrawal, edited by Amin Saikal and Kirill Nourzhanov Integration in Energy and Transport: Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey, by Alexandros Petersen Kazakhstan in the Making: Legitimacy, Symbols, and Social Changes, edited by Marlene Laruelle The Origins of the Civil War in Tajikistan: “For the Soul, Blood, Homeland, and Honor,” by Tim Epkenhans Rewriting the Nation in Modern Kazakh Literature: Elites and Narratives, by Diana T. Kudaibergenova The Central Asia–Afghanistan Relationship: From Soviet Intervention to the Silk Road Initiatives, edited by Marlene Laruelle Eurasia’s Shifting Geopolitical Tectonic Plates: Global Perspective, Local Theaters, -
Month in Review: Central Asia in November 2020
Month in Review: Central Asia in November 2020 November 2020 in Central Asia is remembered for the run-up to the parliamentary elections in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan; high-level official meetings of the SCO and CIS; several protests; appreciating exchange rates and rising food prices; and the tenuous epidemiological situation in the region. The analytical platform CABAR.asia presents a brief overview of the major events in the region over the past month. Follow us on Telegram Kazakhstan General epidemiological situation Kazakhstan’s Health Ministry says that the number of coronavirus cases in November nearly quadrupled compared to last month. According to the President of Kazakhstan Kassym Zhomart-Tokayev, several regions of the country had been hiding the real extent of the coronavirus outbreak. The media also report a staggering death toll. On November 16, the country’s Health Minister stressed increase in maternal mortality over the last three months. Moreover, there has been coronavirus contagion among school-aged children. As of November 30, Kazakhstan reports a total number of 132,348 coronavirus cases and 1,990 deaths. Kazakh Health Ministry has detached pneumonia data from tallying COVID-19 numbers since August 1, 2020. As of November 30, the country reports a total of 42,147 cases of pneumonia and 443 deaths. Tightening quarantine measures The epidemiological situation in Kazakhstan has been rather tenuous over this month. Month in Review: Central Asia in November 2020 Apart from East Kazakhstan and North Kazakhstan, Pavlodar, Kostanay, and Akmola regions were assigned red labeling. The cities of Nursultan and Almaty, along with the West Kazakhstan region are in the yellow zone. -
The Terrorist Threat and Security Sector Reform in Central Asia: the Uzbek Case
Peter K. Forster THE TERRORIST THREAT AND SECURITY SECTOR REFORM IN CENTRAL ASIA: THE UZBEK CASE Introduction "At Istanbul, we will enhance our Partnerships to deliver more. We will concentrate more on defence reform to help some of our partners continue with their democratic transitions. We will also focus on increasing our co- operation with the Caucasus and Central Asia – areas that once seemed very far away, but that we now know are essential to our security right here." - NATO Secretary General, Jaap de Hoop Scheffer June 2004. NATO Secretary General Jaap de Hoop Scheffer comments speak not only to an increased awareness in NATO and the West of the importance of Central Asia but also illustrate the importance of security sector reform as a component of the democratization process. The responsiveness of the security sector to reforms that inculcate civil and ultimately democratic control procedures is a measure of a state’s progress toward democratization. Notwithstanding, it is widely admitted that there is no commonality among security sector reform. The security sector encompasses all state institutions that have a formal mandate to ensure the safety of a state and its citizens against violence and coercion. However, it may also include non-government armed political action 227 groups.98 This study will assess the level of security sector reform within those organizations that traditionally have held the state’s monopoly on the use of force, the military and the internal state security apparatus.99 The progress in security sector reform is dependent, to varying degrees, upon a state’s past experiences, both cultural and taught, the domestic relationship between society and the security sector including how of the state’s military and internal security forces developed, and the geo- political conditions under which reform currently is occurring including the influence of foreign countries. -
Politically Motivated Imprisonment in Uzbekistan WATCH
HUMAN RIGHTS “Until the Very End” Politically Motivated Imprisonment in Uzbekistan WATCH “Until the Very End” Politically Motivated Imprisonment in Uzbekistan Copyright © 2014 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62313-1951 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org SEPTEMBER 2014 ISBN: 978-1-62313-1951 “Until the Very End” Politically Motivated Imprisonment in Uzbekistan Map of Prisons in Uzbekistan .............................................................................................. i Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 9 To the Government -
Motivations Behind the Change of Stance of Uzbekistan Concerning the Construction of the Rogun Dam
CAP Paper No. 233 The New President's Men: Motivations Behind the Change of Stance of Uzbekistan Concerning the Construction of the Rogun Dam Frédérick Maranda-Bouchard1 President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev Attending a Meeting. Photo from en.kremlin.ru Abstract to go forward with the building of the dam. This can be seen with the simultaneous downfall of veteran Once a never-ending standoff between Uzbekistan and powerful officials and their replacement with ones more Tajikistan, the construction of the Rogun dam went likely to show loyalty to the new president. ahead with the approval of all involved actors despite the little amount of concessions made by Tajikistan. Started in 1976, the Rogun dam, which was necessary This change in position is closely linked with the rise to for energy security in Tajikistan,1 was abruptly stopped power of Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, but the when the Soviet regime collapsed in 1991.2 Since then, motivations behind such change are still unclear. This efforts to complete what is to become the largest dam paper argues that domestic politics, and more precisely in the world with its 335 meters3 have been trumped by changes in the ruling coalition, motivated Mirziyoyev to the opposition of Tajikistan’s more powerful neighbour: allow Tajikistan 1 Frédérick Maranda-Bouchard works at the Centre for European, Russian & Eurasian Studies at the University of Toronto, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. CAP Paper No. 233 Uzbekistan.4 Nevertheless, things changed abruptly in Literature Review 2016 following the death of the isolationist Uzbek president Islom Karimov. The takeover by his prime The strategic importance of the Rogun dam relates to minister, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, allowed for swift changes the concept of hydro-hegemony. -
The Economic Modernization of Uzbekistan
The Economic Modernization of Uzbekistan Mamuka Tsereteli SILK ROAD PAPER April 2018 The Economic Modernization of Uzbekistan Mamuka Tsereteli © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program – A Joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center American Foreign Policy Council, 509 C St NE, Washington D.C. Institute for Security and Development Policy, V. Finnbodavägen 2, Stockholm-Nacka, Sweden www.silkroadstudies.org “The Economic Modernization of Uzbekistan” is a Silk Road Paper published by the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program, Joint Center. The Silk Road Papers Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Joint Center, and addresses topical and timely subjects. The Joint Center is a transatlantic independent and non-profit research and policy center. It has offices in Washington and Stockholm and is affiliated with the American Foreign Policy Council and the Institute for Security and Development Policy. It is the first institution of its kind in Europe and North America, and is firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. The Joint Center is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development in the region. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion regarding the region. The opinions and conclusions expressed in this -
Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi Ulisa: Journal of International Studies Cilt 3, Sayı, 1 - Volume 3, Number 1
Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi Ulisa: Journal of International Studies Cilt 3, Sayı, 1 - Volume 3, Number 1 The Role and Features of Uzbek Local Authorities within a System of Strong Central Government Resul YALÇIN* ABSTRACT The Councils of People’s Deputies (Xalq deputatlari Kengashlari) are the representatives of Uzbek state authorities in regions, districts and towns. The hokims (governors) of regions, districts and towns are the highest officials of the state’s local authorities. They simultaneously serve as heads of representatives and executive authorities in their respective territories. In the small settlements, kishlaks and auls (villages) and in the residential neighbourhoods (mahallas) of cities and towns, the residents of the particular mahallas decide all local matters at general meetings. These local self-governing bodies elect their Chairmen (aksakal) and the members of his chamber for a term of two-and-a-half years. In Uzbekistan's system of strong central government, local government has little independence. The chief executive of each province and of Tashkent is the hakim, who is appointed by the president. Although these appointments must be confirmed by local legislative bodies that are elected by popular vote, the power of the president is dominant. Shavkat Mirziyoyev, has introduced wide-ranging economic, judicial, and social reforms to increase local officials’ accountability. This paper thus provides an account of the Uzbek local authorities’ roles, functions and the reform processes the government has introduced to better organize the state authority bodies at the regional, districts and mahalla levels. Keywords: Mirziyoyev, Uzbekistan, Politics, Reforms, Central Government, Local Authorities, Mahalla, Aksakal. * Assit. -
Critical Transitions Artical Name : Contest for Succession In
Artical Name : Critical Transitions Artical Subject : Contest for succession in Uzbekistan Publish Date: 03/09/2016 Auther Name: Sami Al-Salame Subject : The government of Uzbekistan announced on September 2 the death of Islam Karimov, the 78-year-old president who had ruled the country for the past 26 years. The passing of the president of Uzbekistan, a strategically vital state in Central Asia and the region¶s most populated country, will have major implications both domestically and regionally.The event comes amid intense and growing political struggle between different political factions backed by regional and international powers, an unraveling social fabric, rising separatist rhetoric and the growing influence of armed extremist groups.Complex social fabricUzbekistan¶s population of 32 million is divided between several ethnicities including Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Tajiks, Tatars, Karakalpaks and Russians. The country¶s social fabric is far more complicated than that of its neighbors and is the result of conflict across centuries between different tribes in the region.Three major social groups can be identified in Uzbekistan:Tajiks: Around 6 million Tajiks live in the country, located around Samarkand and the hills of Transoxiana, the area between the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers. Despite speaking the Persian language, they were able to integrate into the country along with the Uzbek majority¶s Sunni Muslim faith. They are descended from the inhabitants of the Emirate of Bukhari.Ferghana: The Ferghana Valley and nearby Tashkent are the most densely-populated area of Uzbekistan, together are the home to some 10 million people speaking Kazakh, Uzbek, Farsi, Tajik, and Kyrgyz.