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2. Manual De Historia De La Actividad Física Y Del Deporte

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2. Manual De Historia De La Actividad Física Y Del Deporte \ !eor�Ítoria de la Actividad Física Y'(lel D porte llimmiÍlmll Manual de Historia de la Actividad, I i Física y del Deporte 1 Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla 1 1 To o 11: Hist ria de los sist mas y escuel s gimnásticos Juan arios Fernández ll\uan \ 1 Teoría e Historia de la Actividad Física y del Deporte MANUAL DE HISTORIA DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA Y DEL DEPORTE Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla TOMO I. HISTORIOGRAFÍA E HISTORIA DE LAS ACTIVIDADES FÍSICAS Y DEPORTIVAS TOMO II. HISTORIA DE LOS SISTEMAS Y ESCUELAS GIMNÁSTICOS TOMO III. HISTORIA DE LOS JUEGOS OLÍMPICOS MODERNOS TOMO IV. ORÍGENES DE LOS DEPORTES MODERNOS 2 Teoría e Historia de la Actividad Física y del Deporte Edita: Universidad Pablo de Olavide Autor: Juan Carlos Fernández Truan Disño y Maquetación: Manuel Peña Pulido © De los textos: Los autores. Los textos e imágenes que se reproducen, se hace de acuerdo con lo previsto en la Ley 2/2019, de 1 de marzo, por la que se modifica el texto refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual, aprobado por el Real Decreto Legislativo 1/1996, de 12 de abril, y por el que se incorporan al ordenamiento jurídico español la Directiva 2014/26/UE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 26 de febrero de 2014, en el que se indica en su artículo 4 lo siguiente: Se añade un nuevo párrafo al apartado 1 del artículo 32 y se modifica el artículo 37, apartado 2, con los siguientes contenidos: Artículo 32 Citas y reseñas e ilustración con fines educativos o de investigación científica. 1. Es lícita la inclusión en una obra propia de fragmentos de otras ajenas de naturaleza escrita, sonora o audiovisual, así como la de obras aisladas de carácter plástico o fotográfico figurativo, siempre que se trate de obras ya divulgadas y su inclusión se realice a título de cita o para su análisis, comentario o juicio crítico. Tal utilización solo podrá realizarse con fines docentes o de investigación, en la medida justificada por el fin de esa incorporación e indicando la fuente y el nombre del autor de la obra utilizada. ISBN de la obra completa: 978-84-09-15291-9 ISBN del Tomo II:978-84-09-17629-8 3 Teoría e Historia de la Actividad Física y del Deporte Agradecemos su interé s en los contenidos de esta obra y le recordamos, que este material cuenta con derechos de propiedad intelectual propios y de otros autores, por lo que queda expresamente prohibida la publicació n, reproducción, distribució n, venta, edició n y cualquier otro uso de los contenidos (incluyendo, contenido, texto, fotografıas,́ logotipos, etc.) sin previa autorizació n por escrito de los autores, salvo su uso docente privado, siempre que no exista ánimo de lucro, según se indica en el apartado 1 del artículo 32 y en el artículo 37, apartado 2, que modifica la Ley 2/2019, de 1 de marzo, de la Propiedad Intelectual. Por criterios de simplificación y fluidez en la redacción y lectura de esta obra, se ha utilizado el género masculino y sustantivos genéricos en el uso del lenguaje escrito, tal y como indica la R.A.E., pidiendo disculpas de antemano, si esta decisión pudiera ocasionar molestias a alguien. 4 Teoría e Historia de la Actividad Física y del Deporte TOMO II. HISTORIA DE LOS SISTEMAS Y ESCUELAS GIMNÁSTICOS 5 Teoría e Historia de la Actividad Física y del Deporte INDICE Pags. TEMA I: EL RENACIMIENTO O HUMANISMO 13 1. LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA EN EL HUMANISMO 13 2. EL HUMANISMO EN ITALIA 13 • GUARINO GUARINI DE VERONA (1374-1460) • VITTORINO RAMBOLDINI DE FELTRE (1378-1446) • AENEAS SILVIUS (1405-1464) • MAFFEO VEGIO (1406-1458) • LEÓN BATISTA ALBERTI (1404-1472) • MATEO DI MARCO MALPIERI (1406-1475): • JACOBO SADOLETO (1477-1547) • PIER PAOLO VERGERIO (1498-1565) • BALTASAR DE CASTIGLIONE (1478-1529) 3. EL HUMANISMO EN INGLATERRA 32 • JOHN COLET KNEVET (1467-1519) • TOMÁS MORO GRAUNGER (1478-1535) 4. EL HUMANISMO EN FRANCIA 38 • FRANÇOIS RABELAIS (1494-1553) 5. EL HUMANISMO EN ESPAÑA: 43 • JUAN LUIS VIVES (1492-1540) TEMA II: LA EDAD MODERNA 47 1. CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA EDAD MODERNA 47 2. LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA EN LA EDAD MODERNA 48 2.1. LA EDAD MODERNA EN ITALIA 49 • SILVIO ANTONIANO (1540-1603) • HYERONIMUS MERCURIALIS (1530-1606) • GIOVANNI ALFONSO BORELLI (1608-1679) 2.2. LA EDAD MODERNA EN INGLATERRA 56 • THOMAS ELYOT (1514-1546) • ROGER ASCHAM (1515-1568) 6 Teoría e Historia de la Actividad Física y del Deporte • RICHARD MULCASTER (1531-1611) • JOHN LOCKE (1632-1704) 2.3. LA EDAD MODERNA EN FRANCIA 68 • MICHEL EYQUEM DE MONTAIGNE (1533-1592) • FRANCOIS FÉNELON (1651-1715) 2.4. LA EDAD MODERNA EN ESPAÑA 73 • CRISTOBAL MÉNDEZ (1501-1556) • PEDRO DE COVARRUBIAS (S.XV-1530) • FRAY FRANCISCO ALCOCER ( ) • FRANCISCO LUQUE FAJARDO ( • FRAY ALONSO REMÓN (1561-1632) • PEDRO DE GUZMÁN • SEBASTIAN DE COVARRUBIAS (1539-1613) • PADRE JUAN DE MARIANA (1536-1624) • DIEGO SAAVEDRA FAJARDO (1548-1648) • RODRIGO CARO (1573-1647) 2.5. LA EDAD MODERNA EN OTROS PAÍSES 94 • JAN AMOS COMENIO (o KOMENSKY) (1592-1670) • FABIAN VON AUERSWALD (1462-) TEMA III: LA ILUSTRACIÓN 97 1. CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA ILUSTRACIÓN 97 2. PRECURSORES DE LA ESCUELAS GIMNÁSTICAS 98 • JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU (1712-1778) • JACQUES BALLEXSERD (1726-1774) • MADAME DE GENLIS (1789-1830) • JEAN VERDIER (1735-1820) 3. PRECURSORES DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESPECIAL 109 • JEAN MARC GASPARD ITARD (1774-1838) • ÉDOUARD SEGUIN (1812-1880) 4. PRECURSORES DE LA ESCUELAS SUECA 113 • FRANZ NATCHEGALL (1777-1847) 5. PRECURSORES DE LA ESCUELA ALEMANA 116 • JEAN BERNHARD BASEDOW (1723-1790) • CHRISTIAN GOTTHILF SALZMANN (1744-1811) • JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI (1746-1827) 7 Teoría e Historia de la Actividad Física y del Deporte • JOHANN CHRISTOPH FRIEDRICH GUTS MUTHS (1759-1839) 6. LA ILUSTRACIÓN EN ESPAÑA (LA “CRIANZA FÍSICA”) 128 • GASPAR MELCHOR DE JOVELLANOS (1744-1811) • PABLO DE OLAVIDE Y JÁUREGUI (1725-1803) • LORENZO HERVÁS Y PANDURO (1735-1809) • JOSEFA AMAR Y BORBÓN (1749-1833) • AGUSTÍN GINESTA Y DE SEGOVIA (175?-1807) • SANTIAGO GARCÍA (1794) TEMA IV: LAS ESCUELAS GIMNÁSTICAS 145 1.- LA ESCUELA ALEMANA 145 • FRIEDICH LUDWING JAHN (1778-1852) 2.- LA ESCUELA SUECA 148 • PIER HENRIK LING (1776-1839) 3.- LA ESCUELA FRANCESA 152 3.1. EL CREADOR DE LA ESCUELA FRANCESA • FRANCISCO DE PAULA AMOROS Y ONDEANO (1770-1848) 3.2. CONTINUADORES DE LA ESCUELA FRANCESA 159 • PHOKION HENRY CLÍAS (1782-1854) • HYPPOLYTHE TRIAT (1813-1881) • EUGENE- MOÏSE PAZ (1836-1901) • CORONEL CHARLES-HENRI-LOUIS D’ARGY (1805-1870) • NAPOLEÓN-ALEXANDRE LAISNÉ (1810-1896) 3.3. CONTINUADORES ESPAÑOLES DE LA GIMNÁSTICA 171 • VICENTE LÓPEZ TAMAYO • JOSÉ APARICI Y BIEDMA (1824-1894) • FRANCISCO PEDREGAL PRIDA (1852-1904) • ADOLFO REVUELTA FERNÁNDEZ (1867-1935) • EUGENIO FERNÁNDEZ MARTÍNEZ (1838-1898) • JOSÉ SÁNCHEZ Y GONZÁLEZ DE SOMOANO (1850-1913) • SALVADOR LÓPEZ GÓMEZ (1852-1936) • MARIANO MARCOS ORDAX (1851- ) • MARCELO SANTOS SANZ ROMO (1859-1942) • EMILIO COLL MAIGNAN (1868-1944) • JESUSA DE GRANDA LAHÍN ( -1907) • EZEQUIEL FERNÁNDEZ SANTANA (1874-1938) 3.4. LA GIMNASIA HIGIÉNICA EN ESPAÑA 186 • LUCIANO SAMPÉREZ ARROYO ( - ) 8 Teoría e Historia de la Actividad Física y del Deporte • DAVID FERRER MITAYNA (1848-1901) • JOSÉ ESTEBAN GARCÍA FRAGUAS (1870-1908) • FELIPE SERRATE MARTÍNEZ (1831-1923) • JOAQUÍN DECREF RUIZ (1864-1937) • JØRGEN PETER MÜLLER (1866-1938) 4.- LA ESCUELA INGLESA 200 4.1. INICIADORES DE LA ESCUELA INGLESA 200 • JOSEPH LANCASTER (1778-1838) • TOMAS ARNOLD (1795-1842) • CHARLES KINGSLEY (1819-1875). EL CRISTIANISMO MUSCULAR 4.2. CONTINUADORES DE LA ESCUELA INGLESA 206 • ARCHIBALD MACLAREN (1820 A 1884) • PIERRE FREDY DE COUBERTIN (1863-1983) 5.- ESCUELA AMERICANA 214 • CHARLES BECK (1798-1866) • CHARLES FOLLEN (1796-1840) • FRANCIS LEIBER (1800-1872) • CATHERINE BEECHER (1800-1878): CALISTENIA • DIOCLETIAN LEWIS (1823-1886) • GEORGE BROSIUS (1839-1920) • DUDLEY ALLEN SARGENT (1840-1924) • HARTVIG NISSEN (1857–1924) • BARON NILS POSSE (1862-1895) • ROY MOORE: • EJERCICIO FÍSICO TRAS LA GUERRA MUNDIAL • INVESTIGACIONES DE PSICÓLOGOS EXPERIMENTALES . ALFRED BINET (1857-1911): TEMA V: LOS MOVIMIENTOS GIMNÁSTICOS 244 1.- MOVIMIENTO DEL NORTE 245 1.1. CONTINUADORES DE LING a) ORTODOXOS: 246 • HJALMAR LING (1820-1886) • LARS GABRIEL BRANTING (1799 a 1881) • LARS MAURITZ TÖRNGREN (1839-1912) • CARL A.E. NORLANDER (1846-1916) • CARL CHRISTIAN ADOLF SILOW (1846-1932) b) HETERODOXOS: 251 9 Teoría e Historia de la Actividad Física y del Deporte • BERNDT PETER ANTON SANTENSSON (1825-1892): • GUSTAF NYBLAEUS (1816-1902) • VIKTOR GUSTAF BALCK (1844-1928) • JOSEPH HUBERTUS PILATES (1883-1967) 1.2. GIMNASIA NEOSUECA 261 • KRISTINA ELISABETH ("ELLI") BJÖRKSTEN (1870-1947) • ELLIN FALK (1872-1942) • MAJA (MARÍA) CARLQUIST (1884-1968) • NIELS BUKH (1880-1950) • JOSEF GOTTFRID THULIN (1875-1965) • JOHANNES LINHARD (1870-1947) 2. MOVIMIENTO DEL CENTRO 277 2.1. PRECURSORES 277 • JEAN GEORGES NOVERRE (1727-1810) • FRANCOIS ALEXANDRE NICOLAS CHÉRI DELSARTE (1811-1871) • HEDWIG KALLMEYER (1881–1976) • ÉMILE JAQUES DALCROZE (1865-1950) • ISADORA DUNCAN (1878-1929) • RUDOLF VON LABAN (1879-1958) • MARY WIGMANN (1888-1973) 2.2. GIMNASIA MODERNA 297 • RUDOLF BODE (1881-1971) • HINRICH MEDAU (1890-1974) 2.3. CONTINUADORES DE LA GIMNASIA MODERNA 304 • HILMA JALKANEN (1889-1964) • ERNEST IDLA (1901-1980) • ALBERTO RAUL DALLO (1924-1912) • OTTO HANEBUTH (1911-1988) • MONICA BECKMAN (1933- ) • AEROBIC 2.4. GIMNASIA NATURAL AUSTRIACA 317 GIMNASIA PEDAGÓGICA ALEMANA • KARL ADOLF SPIESS (1810 A 1858) GIMNASIA ESCOLAR AUSTRIACA • KARL GAULHOFER (1885-1941) • MARGARETTE STREICHER (1891-1983) 10 Teoría e Historia de la Actividad Física y del Deporte 3.- MOVIMIENTO DEL OESTE 330 3.1. RAMA CIENTÍFICA DEL MOVIMIENTO DEL OESTE 332 • ESTEBAN MAREY (1830-1904) • FERNAND LAGRANGE (1845-1909) • PHILIPPE TISSIÉ (1852-1935) 3.2. ECLÉCTICO DEL MOVIMIENTO DEL OESTE 339 • GEORGES DEMENY (1850-1917): 3.3. RAMA PEDAGÓGICA DEL MOVIMIENTO DEL OESTE: EL MÉTODO NATURAL DE HEBERT 342 • GEORGES HEBERT (1875-1957): 3.4. CONTINUADORES DEL MÉTODO NATURAL 346 3.4.1.
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