DOCSLIB.ORG

Conscious Home Exercise for Women: Cultivating a New Mind/Body Practice in the Late Nineteenth Century Laura Williams Iverson

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conscious Home Exercise for Women: Cultivating a New Mind/Body Practice in the Late Nineteenth Century Laura Williams Iverson Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 Conscious Home Exercise for Women: Cultivating a New Mind/Body Practice in the Late Nineteenth Century Laura Williams Iverson Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF VISUAL ARTS, THEATRE AND DANCE CONSCIOUS HOME EXERCISE FOR WOMEN: CULTIVATING A NEW MIND/BODY PRACTICE IN THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY By Laura Wi iams Iverson A Thesis submitted to the Department of Dance in partia fu fi ment of the re.uirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree A0arded: Spring Semester, 1003 The members of this committee approve the thesis of Laura Iverson defended on February 13, 1003. ________________________ 8ohn Perpener Professor Directing Thesis ________________________ Sa y Sommer Committee Member ________________________ Tom We sh Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii This 0or9 is dedicated to my future husband, :evin Michae Beare. You had confidence in our re ationship enough to move to Ta ahassee (a commendab e sacrifice) and no0, a most t0o years ater, 0e are ready to start our 0onderfu ne0 ives together. Than9 you for a that you do and a that you are. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to a number of peop e for the comp etion of this project. I 0ou d i9e to than9 Dr. 8ohn Perpener, Dr. Sa y Sommer and Dr. Thomas We sh for their very generous editoria and emotiona support throughout this process. I 0ou d a so i9e to than9 8ennifer At9ins for providing such thoughtfu and he pfu feedbac9 as I approached the fina stages of my 0riting. Fina y, I 0ou d i9e to express my gratitude to my fami y, 0ho have dea t 0ith my antics and ce ebrated my aspirations a ong the 0ay. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures vi Abstract viii Introduction 1 1. Rising Tide of Conscious Fitness and Se f-Care in Nineteenth-Century America 9 1. Shifting Notions of Ab e-Bodied Womanhood 13 3. Ca isthenics Manua s Advance a Softer Approach to Physica Fitness A5 A. De sartean Manua s Advocate Natura , Imaginative Over Mechanica Movement 31 Conc usion 95 Epi ogue: Another Turn-of-the-Century Perspective 9C Appendix 103 Bib iography 11D Biographica S9etch 131 v LIST OF FIGURES 1. Norma Pose/Psycho-Physica Pose 103 1. Incorrect Pose 103 3. ESpinning,F an exercise inspired by househo d chores 10A A. ECob0eb,F another exercise inspired by househo d chores 10A 5. Dio Le0isG mi itary dri s 0ith dumbbe s 105 D. Dumbbe exercises for sco iosis 10D 3. Typica par or gymnastic dress for 0omen 103 C. Bac90ard, For0ard and Side0ays Torso Bends 10C 9. Front cover of Home Calisthenics, sho0ing 0omen ho ding dumbbe s and 0and 109 10. Advertisement for Gymnasium Apparatus 110 11. Advertisement for HoriHonta Bars 111 11. Advertisement for the Chest Expander 111 13. Simp e dumbbe exercises 113 1A. Simp e 0and exercises 11A 15. Iron (Gymnastic) Cro0n, as conceived by Dio Le0is 115 1D. Exercises 0ith soap cans, tied together 0ith rope 11D 13. Push-up exercise using a tab e 113 1C. Broom dri series 11C 19. Appropriate dress for exercise on the Pangymnasti9on 119 10. Indian c ub series 110 11. Ca isthenic figures performed on the f oor 111 11. Partner massage prior to exercise 111 vi 13. Instructions for performing arm s0ings and circ es 113 1A. ERising upon the toesF 113 15. De sartean attitudes 0ith the hand 11A 1D. De sartean attitudes of the head 115 vii ABSTRACT This thesis is an investigation of 0omenGs conscious exercise as it intersected 0ith industria ism, consumerism and ear y Progressive Era identity po itics. It 0i discuss ca isthenics, De sartism and the beginnings of modern dance as physica expressions of a burgeoning 0omenGs rights movement. These organic and hea thy practicesIoften performed 0ithin the private homeIref ected 0omenGs evo ving perceptions of their physica , inte ectua , spiritua and po itica needs. This corporea a0a9ening eventua y manifested itse f in gendered socia reforms of the ate nineteenth and ear y t0entieth century. viii INTRODUCTION In the ast t0o decades of the nineteenth century, 0omenGs visions of rene0ed hea th, se f-improvement, and their proper p ace in society shifted. Midd e-to-upper c ass private homes and sa ons became sites for transforming bodies. In these private domains, 0omen cu tivated a defiant y hea thy a0areness of their bodies and minds. Physica exercise became a transformative, spiritua act that opened definitions of feminine identity and po0er, 0hi e affirming certain gender and c ass-based distinctions. Concurrent y, in the pub ic sphere, this consciousness manifested itse f in various 0omenGs rights reforms, artistic pursuits, and in a ne0 consumer cu ture 0here 0omen had po0ers of decision. Fitness became a strategy for asserting both individua and communa po0er. This thesis 0i examine 0omenGs conscious exerciseIphysica regimes that re.uired a fine-tuned inte ectua and spiritua a0arenessI0ithin the context of ate nineteenth-century industria ism and consumerism. It 0i investigate the possib e re ationships bet0een techno ogica advancements and purposefu physica ityIho0 anxiety over mechaniHation might have ed to a natura iHed cu tivation of the body. Physica practices (and their accompanying discourse) that endorsed se f-improvement, spiritua transcendence, and organic process became popu ar during this period. Each of these discip ines, ho0ever uni.ue, 0as part of a arger, interre ated net0or9 of hea thy socia reforms s0eeping the nation. A though this thesis 0i concentrate on the industria ist era, specifica y 1CC0-1900, the fina chapter 0i address simi ar trends in the virtua 0or d of the ate t0entieth century. Changing economic conditions have continua y prope ed 0omen to see9 a more mobi e, conspicuous and physica existence. Creative y 0or9ing 0ithin industria iHing conditions, 0omen have repeated y constructed ne0 notions and iconographies surrounding the fema e body. We 0i see this materia iHe in the phi osophies and movement techni.ues of ca isthenics and De sartism. Physica cu tivation as a reaction to a mechanica , industry-driven environment revea ed itse f as a major theme during my research. Another ongoing theme 0as the .ua ifications voiced in regard to 0omenGs exercise pursuits. Industria ismGs shifting abor divisions, gender ro es and socia mores a o0ed 0omen to participate more fu y in physica activities. They began to thin9 about their bodiesG capacities in profound y ne0 0ays. This 0as a corporea revo ution indeed, yet physica cu ture advocates (often ma e) sti fe t compe ed to .ua ify 1 certain practices. The message in hea th manua s 0as c ear: 0omen cou d parta9e in exercise, but it had to serve purposes greater than their individua , bodi y needs. Dra0ing too much pub ic attention to the fema e body 0as dangerousIa popu ar prejudice throughout socia history. Scho ar 8anet Wo ff has trac9ed this systematic suppression, exp aining 0omenGs perceived inferiority as inextricab y tied to issues of hygiene, hea th and sexua potentia . Fema e bodies have been constructed as threatening because of their potentia for evo ving into the Efemme fata e,F or the Emonstrous feminineF (Wo ff, 90). The imagined in9 bet0een 0omen and the natura , spiritua 0or d suggests that the fema e body is susceptib e to primitive or disruptive behavior. Women possess reproductive po0er and therefore the abi ity to either mend or disorder society as a 0ho e. Their innate bodi y functions and appea ing sexua ity have the potentia to un eash menGs uncontro ab e desires, su ying the environment. The prejudice ogic fo o0s that inte ectua ism rather than corporea ity shou d ru e socia dynamics. Since Western cu tures have consistent y privi eged the mind over physica body, 0omen suffer the conse.uences. Phi osophers, po iticians, and many of the physica cu ture advocates cited in this study have justified, on these gender essentia ist grounds, une.ua treatment and regu ation of 0omenGs bodies. Women of the ate nineteenth century negotiated this po iced corporea ity 0ith creativity and persistence. Reading exercise manua s that instructed them to free their bodies, but not 0ithout contro , they defined an acceptab e range of behavior and accompanying movement. Moderation 0as the 9ey to this corporea unvei ingIneither going up against nor co apsing behind conventiona gender ro es. The ambiguous re ationship bet0een prescriptive iterature and actua practice exposed the rigid definitions of gender, private and pub ic sphere during this time. I chose this thesis topic, in part, because of my interest in and 9no0 edge of hea th and 0e ness trends. My teaching experience in university, gym and studio environments has heightened my persona interest in conscious fitness. I am fascinated by the motivations and meanings behind individua 0e ness choicesI0hy peop e choose to conscious y cu tivate their bodies and ho0 this se f-care affects other aspects of their ives. The meta-narrative behind this inte ectua interest is the socia history of eisure, abor, pub ic recreation and private ritua . Human beings have a 0ays oo9ed to movement as a form of re ease and empo0erment. This is 1 true 0ithin historic and modern-day fitness arenasIespecia y the private exercise regimes Americans perform in their o0n homes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • University of California Riverside
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Choreographers and Yogis: Untwisting the Politics of Appropriation and Representation in U.S. Concert Dance A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Critical Dance Studies by Jennifer F Aubrecht September 2017 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Jacqueline Shea Murphy, Chairperson Dr. Anthea Kraut Dr. Amanda Lucia Copyright by Jennifer F Aubrecht 2017 The Dissertation of Jennifer F Aubrecht is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgements I extend my gratitude to many people and organizations for their support throughout this process. First of all, my thanks to my committee: Jacqueline Shea Murphy, Anthea Kraut, and Amanda Lucia. Without your guidance and support, this work would never have matured. I am also deeply indebted to the faculty of the Dance Department at UC Riverside, including Linda Tomko, Priya Srinivasan, Jens Richard Giersdorf, Wendy Rogers, Imani Kai Johnson, visiting professor Ann Carlson, Joel Smith, José Reynoso, Taisha Paggett, and Luis Lara Malvacías. Their teaching and research modeled for me what it means to be a scholar and human of rigorous integrity and generosity. I am also grateful to the professors at my undergraduate institution, who opened my eyes to the exciting world of critical dance studies: Ananya Chatterjea, Diyah Larasati, Carl Flink, Toni Pierce-Sands, Maija Brown, and rest of U of MN dance department, thank you. I thank the faculty (especially Susan Manning, Janice Ross, and Rebekah Kowal) and participants in the 2015 Mellon Summer Seminar Dance Studies in/and the Humanities, who helped me begin to feel at home in our academic community.
    [Show full text]
  • HOW STEVE REEVES TRAINED by John Grimek
    IRON GAME HISTORY VOL.5No.4&VOL. 6 No. 1 IRON GAME HISTORY ATRON SUBSCRIBERS THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CULTURE P Gordon Anderson Jack Lano VOL. 5 NO. 4 & VOL. 6 NO. 1 Joe Assirati James Lorimer SPECIAL DOUBL E I SSUE John Balik Walt Marcyan Vic Boff Dr. Spencer Maxcy TABLE OF CONTENTS Bill Brewer Don McEachren Bill Clark David Mills 1. John Grimek—The Man . Terry Todd Robert Conciatori Piedmont Design 6. lmmortalizing Grimek. .David Chapman Bruce Conner Terry Robinson 10. My Friend: John C. Grimek. Vic Boff Bob Delmontique Ulf Salvin 12. Our Memories . Pudgy & Les Stockton 4. I Meet The Champ . Siegmund Klein Michael Dennis Jim Sanders 17. The King is Dead . .Alton Eliason Mike D’Angelo Frederick Schutz 19. Life With John. Angela Grimek Lucio Doncel Harry Schwartz 21. Remembering Grimek . .Clarence Bass Dave Draper In Memory of Chuck 26. Ironclad. .Joe Roark 32. l Thought He Was lmmortal. Jim Murray Eifel Antiques Sipes 33. My Thoughts and Reflections. .Ken Rosa Salvatore Franchino Ed Stevens 36. My Visit to Desbonnet . .John Grimek Candy Gaudiani Pudgy & Les Stockton 38. Best of Them All . .Terry Robinson 39. The First Great Bodybuilder . Jim Lorimer Rob Gilbert Frank Stranahan 40. Tribute to a Titan . .Tom Minichiello Fairfax Hackley Al Thomas 42. Grapevine . Staff James Hammill Ted Thompson 48. How Steve Reeves Trained . .John Grimek 50. John Grimek: Master of the Dance. Al Thomas Odd E. Haugen Joe Weider 64. “The Man’s Just Too Strong for Words”. John Fair Norman Komich Harold Zinkin Zabo Koszewski Co-Editors . , . Jan & Terry Todd FELLOWSHIP SUBSCRIBERS Business Manager .
    [Show full text]
  • Führt Der Weg Zum Ziel? Überlegungen Zur Verbindung Des Modernen Yoga*) Mit Patanjalis Yoga-Sutra Annette Blühdorn
    erschienen in zwei Teilen in: Deutsches Yoga-Forum 6/2019, S.30-33 und 1/2020, S.26-31 © Dr. Annette Blühdorn Führt der Weg zum Ziel? Überlegungen zur Verbindung des Modernen Yoga*) mit Patanjalis Yoga-Sutra Annette Blühdorn Er hatte es schon in sich erfahren, dass Glaube und Zweifel zusammengehören, dass sie einander bedingen wie Ein- und Ausatmen. (Hermann Hesse, Das Glasperlenspiel) Als im Juni 2015 zum ersten Mal weltweit der Internationale Yoga-Tag begangen wurde, traten sehr schnell Kritiker auf den Plan, die dieses Ereignis als politische Machtdemonstration der national- konservativen indischen Regierung interpretierten. Yoga solle hier als ausschließlich indisches Erbe und Kulturgut dargestellt werden, während doch tatsächlich der heute überall auf der Welt praktizierte moderne Yoga auch von vielfältigen Strömungen und Einflüssen des Westens geprägt worden sei. So ungefähr lautete damals die Kritik, die mir geradezu ketzerisch erschien; ziemlich heftig wurde da an den Grundfesten meiner heilen Yoga-Welt gerüttelt. Weil aber, wie Hermann Hesse im Glasperlenspiel erklärt, Glaube und Zweifel sich gegenseitig bedingen, wurde es mir bald ein Bedürfnis, mich mit dieser Kritik konstruktiv auseinanderzusetzen. Inzwischen sind die Inhalte dieses Forschungszweigs, der sich mit der Tradition und Entwicklung des Yoga beschäftigt, bei mir angekommen. Ich habe von dem soge- nannten Hatha-Yoga-Project der School of Oriental and African Studies der University of London erfahren, in der groß aufgestellten Webseite von Modern Yoga Research gestöbert
    [Show full text]
  • 'Freaky:' an Exploration of the Development of Dominant
    From ‘Classical’ To ‘Freaky:’ an Exploration of the Development of Dominant, Organised, Male Bodybuilding Culture Dimitrios Liokaftos Department of Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of London Submitted for the Degree of PhD in Sociology February 2012 1 Declaration: The work presented in this thesis is my own. Dimitrios Liokaftos Signed, 2 Abstract Through a combination of historical and empirical research, the present thesis explores the development of dominant, organized bodybuilding culture across three periods: early (1880s-1930s), middle (1940s-1970s), and late (1980s-present). This periodization reflects the different paradigms in bodybuilding that the research identifies and examines at the level of body aesthetic, model of embodied practice, aesthetic of representation, formal spectacle, and prevalent meanings regarding the 'nature' of bodybuilding. Employing organized bodybuilding displays as the axis for the discussion, the project traces the gradual shift from an early bodybuilding model, represented in the ideal of the 'classical,' 'perfect' body, to a late-modern model celebrating the 'freaky,' 'monstrous' body. This development is shown to have entailed changes in notions of the 'good' body, moving from a 'restorative' model of 'all-around' development, health, and moderation whose horizon was a return to an unsurpassable standard of 'normality,' to a technologically-enhanced, performance- driven one where 'perfection' assumes the form of an open-ended project towards the 'impossible.' Central in this process is a shift in male identities, as the appearance of the body turns not only into a legitimate priority for bodybuilding practitioners but also into an instance of sport performance in bodybuilding competition. Equally central, and related to the above, is a shift from a model of amateur competition and non-instrumental practice to one of professional competition and extreme measures in search of the winning edge.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Muscular Christianity in Victorian Britain and Beyond
    ISSN: 1522-5658 http://moses.creighton.edu/JRS/2005/2005-2.html The Development of Muscular Christianity in Victorian Britain and Beyond Nick J. Watson York St. John’s College, University of Leeds Stuart Weir Christians in Sport, UK Stephen Friend York St. John’s College, University of Leeds Introduction [1] The development of Muscular Christianity in the second half of the nineteenth century has had a sustained impact on how Anglo-American Christians view the relationship between sport, physical fitness, and religion. It has been argued that the birth of Muscular Christianity in Victorian Britain forged a strong “. link between Christianity and sport” that “. has never been broken” (Crepeau: 2). The emergence of neo-muscular Christian groups during the latter half of the twentieth century (Putney) and the promotion of sport in Catholic institutions, such as the University of Notre Dame, can be seen as a direct consequence of Victorian Muscular Christianity. Modern Evangelical Protestant organizations, such as Christians in Sport (CIS) in England and the Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA) in the U.S., have resurrected many of the basic theological principles used to promote sport and physical fitness in Victorian Britain. [2] The basic premise of Victorian Muscular Christianity was that participation in sport could contribute to the development of Christian morality, physical fitness, and “manly” character. The term was first adopted in the 1850s to portray the characteristics of Charles Kingsley (1819- 1875) and Thomas Hughes’ (1822-1896) novels. Both Kingsley and Hughes were keen sportsmen and advocates of the strenuous life. Fishing, hunting, and camping were Kingsley’s favorite pastimes, which he saw as a “counterbalance” to “.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article Pilates Program Use for High School Girls' Additional
    Journal of Physical Education and Sport ® (JPES), Vol.20 (6), Art 470, pp. 3485 - 3490, 2020 online ISSN: 2247 - 806X; p-ISSN: 2247 – 8051; ISSN - L = 2247 - 8051 © JPES Original Article Pilates program use for high school girls' additional physical education NATAL'YA MISCHENKO 1, MIKHAIL KOLOKOLTSEV 2, ELENA ROMANOVA 3, EVGENII TSAPOV 4, SERGEY USTSELEMOV 5, EVGENY TSAYTLER 6, АNDREY GRYAZNYKH 7, ELENA KUZNETSOVA 8, ANTON VOROZHEIKIN 9, DULAMJAV PUREVDORJ 10 1 Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Education, U ral State University of Physical Culture, ChelyaBinsk, RUSSIA 2 Department of Physical Culture, Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, RUSSIA 3 Department of Physical education, Altai State University, Barnaul, RUSSIA 4, 5, 6 Department of Physical culture, Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Magnitogorsk, RUSSIA 7 Humanities Institute of Northern Studies, Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, RUSSIA 8 Department of fire and technical training, Altai State Pedagogical University, Barnaul, RUSSIA 9 Department of Information Technologies, Kaliningrad Institute of Management, Kaliningrad, RUSSIA 10 Department of Clinical Medicine, Darkhan Medical School of Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS), Darkhan, MONGOLIA PuBlished online: DecemBer 30, 2020 (Accepted for puBlication: DecemBer 15, 2020) DOI:10.7752/jpes.2020.06470 Abstract : The aim of the research is to modernize and experimentally test the «Pilates» training program as an element of additional physical education to improve the girls' aged 15-17, physical health and functional characteristics level. Materials and methods. The pedagogical experiment was conducted during the 2019-2020 academic year at school No. 11 of Yemanzhelinsky municipal district in ChelyaBinsk region (Russia). 15 girls of high school age (15-17 years) participated in it.
    [Show full text]
  • "Yoga Body: the Origins of Modern Posture Practice" De SINGLETON, M. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, Vol
    Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação ISSN: 1414-3283 [email protected] Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Brasil Siegel, Pamela; Filice de Barros, Nelson Reseña de "Yoga body: the origins of modern posture practice" de SINGLETON, M. Interface - Comunicação, Saúde, Educação, vol. 16, núm. 42, septiembre, 2012, pp. 843-845 Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho São Paulo, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180124621016 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative SINGLETON, M. Yoga body: the origins of modern posture practice. Nova York: Oxford University Press, 2010. livros Pamela Siegel1 Nelson Filice de Barros2 A prática de asanas (posturas) é um chifres, rodeada de animais, e sentada fenômeno que não tem paralelo nos com as pernas cruzadas, ilustrariam tempos pré-modernos; daí que uma imagem do deus Shiva, afirmação Singleton investiga a origem desta disputada por Doris Srinivasan (1984) e tendência e nos deleita com uma Geoffrey Samuel, entre outros. fascinante viagem no tempo. O livro, Segundo Singleton, a primeira de 262 páginas, tem nove capítulos. Na ocorrência do termo yoga aparece no Introdução, o autor explica que, em Katha Upanishad, aproximadamente no 2008, houve uma estimativa de que os século III a.C.; e ele continua citando praticantes de yoga nos EUA gastaram outras obras mais tardias onde vão 5,7 bilhões de dólares em aulas de aparecendo menções do yoga ou yoga, retiros e produtos a fins, por ano.
    [Show full text]
  • Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 75-3121
    INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • SOCIETY SERBIAN FALCON/SERBIAN SOKO/ SREMSKI KARLOVCI from 1904 to 1945Th
    Physical education and sport through the centuries www.fiep-serbia.net 2015, 2(1), 54-71 ISSN 2335-0598 Original research article SOCIETY SERBIAN FALCON/SERBIAN SOKO/ SREMSKI KARLOVCI FROM 1904 TO 1945th. Velimir Sesum1 and Bojan Medjedovic1 1 Faculty of Sport and Tourism in Novi Sad, University Edukons Velimir Sesum and Bojan Medjedovic UDK 796.03(497.113)’’1904‐1945 SUMMARY In the introductory part of the paper is a brief history Sokolism the Slavs, as well as what preceded and how to develop ideas Sokolism the Serbs. The influence of Serbian Youth Assembly held in Karlovci in 1903 on the development of Sokolism. Desires and intentions Serbian Youth and the inclusion of Karlovac physics Dr Laza Popovic in establishing the first Sokol Society in Karlovac, 1904. The influence and importance of the first Sokol Society to develop Sokolism the Serbs. The research topic is Sokolsko society "Serbian falcon" from Sremski Karlovci from 1904 to 1945, or its appearance, development and duration, the aim of this research would, therefore, was the finding, gathering and sorting of facts and data on the formation, development and lasting " Serbian falcon "in Sremski Karlovci from 1904 to 1945, that the facts in this regard, using appropriate scientific methods, and above all the historical method, because research by its historical character. The results of the work were presented in the form of final considerations and conclusions, all the results compiled by components of the applied theoretical models, and these are the beginnings, development and duration of this society from 1904 to 1945 . The discussion gives criticism explored and interpretation of historical facts in explaining the establishment, development and duration of the "Serbian falcon" in Karlowitz from 1904 to 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Roxborough Turners Records
    Collection 3056 Roxborough Turners Records 1873-1981 (bulk 1873-1975) 14.5 boxes, 56 vols., 15.75 lin. feet Contact: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania 1300 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107 Phone: (215) 732-6200 FAX: (215) 732-2680 http://www.hsp.org Processed by: Laura Ruttum Processing Completed: November 2004 Sponsor: Processing funded through the generosity of the Phoebe W. Haas Fund Restrictions: Two Roxborough Turners payroll ledgers, 1946-1970, are closed until 2027 and 2045, respectively Related Collections at Riverside Turnverein Records (Collection 3057), HSP: and Wilmington Turners Records (Collection Mss 172) © 2003 The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. All rights reserved. Roxborough Turners Records Collection 3056 Roxborough Turners Records, 1873-1981 (bulk 1873-1975) 14.5 boxes, 56 vols., 15.75 lin. feet Collection 3056 Abstract Founded in 1873 in the Philadelphia neighborhood of Roxborough, the Roxborough Turners follow theories common to the Turnverein movement, which was founded in Germany in 1811. Turnvereins, which literally translate as “gymnastics clubs," or “unions,” dedicated themselves to physical health through athletics and gymnastics. The Roxborough Turners arose from the merger of Turnverein s in two adjacent neighborhoods—Roxborough and Manayunk—and originally took the name Germania Turn-Verein of Roxborough und Manayunk, changing to the current name in 1954. The organization was a social and athletic club with their own hall, containing a bar, library, gymnastics and athletic programs for both adults and children, and entertainment and meeting space for rent or members’ use. As of November 2004, the organization is still active, and is located at 418 Leverington Avenue in Philadelphia.
    [Show full text]
  • A Briefly Annotated Bibliography of English Language Serial Publications in the Field of Physical Culture Jan Todd, Joe Roark and Terry Todd
    MARCH 1991 IRON GAME HISTORY A Briefly Annotated bibliography of English Language Serial Publications in the Field of Physical Culture Jan Todd, Joe Roark and Terry Todd One of the major problems encountered when an attempt is made in January of 1869 and that we were unable to verify the actual starting to study the history of physical culture is that libraries have so seldom date of the magazine. saved (or subscribed to) even the major lifting, bodybuilding and “N.D.” means that the issue did not carry any sort of date. “N.M.” physical culture publications, let alone the minor ones. Because of this, means no month was listed. “N.Y.” means no year was listed. “N.V.” researchers have had to rely for the most part on private collections for means that no volume was listed. “N.N.” means that no issue number their source material, and this has limited the academic scholarship in was assigned. A question mark (?) beside a date means that we are the field. This problem was one of the major reasons behind the estimating when the magazine began, based on photos or other establishment of the Physical Culture Collection at the University of evidence. Texas in Austin. The designation “Current” means that, as of press time, the Over the last several months, we have made an attempt to magazine was still being published on a regular basis. You will also assemble a comprehensive listing or bibliography of the English- note the designation “LIC.” This stands for “Last in Collection.” This language magazines (and a few notable foreign language publications) simply means that the last copy of the magazine we have on hand here in the field of physical culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Luther Gulick: His Contributions to Springfield University, the YMCA
    144 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Summer 2011 Luther Halsey Gulick II, c. 1900 (Courtesy of the Springfield College Archives) 145 Luther Gulick: His Contributions to Springfield College, the YMCA, and “Muscular Christianity” CLIFFORD PUTNEY Abstract: Based largely on hitherto unpublished archival sources, this article focuses on the early life and career of Luther Halsey Gulick II (1865-1918). Gulick was among America’s most influential educators in the Progressive Era. He is best known today for co- founding the Camp Fire Girls (CFG) with his wife Charlotte. But before his involvement with CFG he taught physical education for the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) at Springfield College, Massachusetts, in the 1890s. As a professor at Springfield, Gulick achieved a great deal, and this article examines his many accomplishments, including his invention of the YMCA Triangle (the organization’s official emblem) and his role in the invention of both basketball and volleyball. The article also analyzes Gulick’s unconventional childhood, when he travelled around the world with his parents. They were Congregational missionaries who fervently hoped Luther would embrace their brand of ascetic Christianity. He preferred a religion that was more corporeal, however. This led to him becoming a leader of the “muscular Christianity” movement. Muscular Christians espoused a combination of religion and sports, although, in the Historical Journal of Massachusetts, Vol. 39 (1 & 2), Summer 2011 © Institute for Massachusetts Studies, Westfield State University 146 Historical Journal of Massachusetts • Summer 2011 end, Gulick ended up emphasizing sports over religion. Historian Clifford Putney has extensively researched the Gulick family and is the author of Missionaries in Hawai‘i: The Lives of Peter and Fanny Gulick, 1797-1883 (2010).
    [Show full text]