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The Rockefeller University » Awards & Honors Friday, February 12, 2010 Calendar Directory Employment AWARDS & HONORS University Overview & Nobel Laureates Quick Facts History Since the institution's founding in 1901, 23 Nobel Prize winners have been associated with the university. Of these, two are Rockefeller graduates (Edelman and Baltimore) and six laureates are current members of the Rockefeller faculty Awards & Honors (Günter Blobel, Christian de Duve, Paul Greengard, Roderick MacKinnon, Paul Nurse and Torsten Wiesel). Nobel Prize Albert Lasker Awards Roderick Paul Nurse Paul National Medal of Science MacKinnon 2001 Greengard Institute of Medicine 2003 Physiology or 2000 National Academy of Chemistry Medicine Physiology or Sciences Medicine Gairdner Foundation International Award Campus Map & Views Travel Directions Günter R. Bruce Torsten N. NYC Resources Blobel Merrifield Wiesel 1999 1984 1981 Office of the President Physiology or Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Medicine Board of Trustees and Corporate Officers Sustainability Contact David Albert Christian Baltimore Claude de Duve 1975 1974 1974 Physiology or Physiology or Physiology or Medicine Medicine Medicine George E. Stanford William H. Palade Moore Stein 1974 1972 1972 Physiology or Chemistry Chemistry Medicine Gerald M. H. Keffer Peyton Edelman Hartline Rous 1972 1967 1966 Physiology or Physiology or Physiology or Medicine Medicine Medicine Joshua Edward L. Fritz Lederberg Tatum Lipmann 1958 1958 1953 http://www.rockefeller.edu/about/awards/nobel/[2010/2/13 上午 02:05:16] The Rockefeller University » Awards & Honors Physiology or Physiology or Physiology or Medicine Medicine Medicine John H. Wendell Herbert S. Northrop M. Stanley Gasser 1946 1946 1944 Chemistry Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Karl Alexis Landsteiner Carrel 1930 1912 Physiology or Physiology or Medicine Medicine The Rockefeller University | 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 | (212) 327-8000 Copyright © 2004-2009 The Rockefeller University. All rights reserved. Contact | Comments | Site Map | Copyright Complaints http://www.rockefeller.edu/about/awards/nobel/[2010/2/13 上午 02:05:16].

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RANDY SCHEKMAN Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
GENES AND PROTEINS THAT CONTROL THE SECRETORY PATHWAY Nobel Lecture, 7 December 2013 by RANDY SCHEKMAN Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Introduction George Palade shared the 1974 Nobel Prize with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve for their pioneering work in the characterization of organelles interrelated by the process of secretion in mammalian cells and tissues. These three scholars established the modern field of cell biology and the tools of cell fractionation and thin section transmission electron microscopy. It was Palade’s genius in particular that revealed the organization of the secretory pathway. He discovered the ribosome and showed that it was poised on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it engaged in the vectorial translocation of newly synthesized secretory polypeptides (1). And in a most elegant and technically challenging investigation, his group employed radioactive amino acids in a pulse-chase regimen to show by autoradiograpic exposure of thin sections on a photographic emulsion that secretory proteins progress in sequence from the ER through the Golgi apparatus into secretory granules, which then discharge their cargo by membrane fusion at the cell surface (1). He documented the role of vesicles as carriers of cargo between compartments and he formulated the hypothesis that membranes template their own production rather than form by a process of de novo biogenesis (1). As a university student I was ignorant of the important developments in cell biology; however, I learned of Palade’s work during my first year of graduate school in the Stanford biochemistry department.
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The Creation of Neuroscience
The Creation of Neuroscience The Society for Neuroscience and the Quest for Disciplinary Unity 1969-1995 Introduction rom the molecular biology of a single neuron to the breathtakingly complex circuitry of the entire human nervous system, our understanding of the brain and how it works has undergone radical F changes over the past century. These advances have brought us tantalizingly closer to genu- inely mechanistic and scientifically rigorous explanations of how the brain’s roughly 100 billion neurons, interacting through trillions of synaptic connections, function both as single units and as larger ensem- bles. The professional field of neuroscience, in keeping pace with these important scientific develop- ments, has dramatically reshaped the organization of biological sciences across the globe over the last 50 years. Much like physics during its dominant era in the 1950s and 1960s, neuroscience has become the leading scientific discipline with regard to funding, numbers of scientists, and numbers of trainees. Furthermore, neuroscience as fact, explanation, and myth has just as dramatically redrawn our cultural landscape and redefined how Western popular culture understands who we are as individuals. In the 1950s, especially in the United States, Freud and his successors stood at the center of all cultural expla- nations for psychological suffering. In the new millennium, we perceive such suffering as erupting no longer from a repressed unconscious but, instead, from a pathophysiology rooted in and caused by brain abnormalities and dysfunctions. Indeed, the normal as well as the pathological have become thoroughly neurobiological in the last several decades. In the process, entirely new vistas have opened up in fields ranging from neuroeconomics and neurophilosophy to consumer products, as exemplified by an entire line of soft drinks advertised as offering “neuro” benefits.
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Torsten Wiesel (1924– ) [1]
Published on The Embryo Project Encyclopedia (https://embryo.asu.edu) Torsten Wiesel (1924– ) [1] By: Lienhard, Dina A. Keywords: vision [2] Torsten Nils Wiesel studied visual information processing and development in the US during the twentieth century. He performed multiple experiments on cats in which he sewed one of their eyes shut and monitored the response of the cat’s visual system after opening the sutured eye. For his work on visual processing, Wiesel received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [3] in 1981 along with David Hubel and Roger Sperry. Wiesel determined the critical period during which the visual system of a mammal [4] develops and studied how impairment at that stage of development can cause permanent damage to the neural pathways of the eye, allowing later researchers and surgeons to study the treatment of congenital vision disorders. Wiesel was born on 3 June 1924 in Uppsala, Sweden, to Anna-Lisa Bentzer Wiesel and Fritz Wiesel as their fifth and youngest child. Wiesel’s mother stayed at home and raised their children. His father was the head of and chief psychiatrist at a mental institution, Beckomberga Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, where the family lived. Wiesel described himself as lazy and playful during his childhood. He went to Whitlockska Samskolan, a coeducational private school in Stockholm, Sweden. At that time, Wiesel was interested in sports and became the president of his high school’s athletic association, which he described as his only achievement from his younger years. In 1941, at the age of seventeen, Wiesel enrolled at Karolinska Institutet (Royal Caroline Institute) in Solna, Sweden, where he pursued a medical degree and later pursued his own research.
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Five Great Ideas of Biology
GREATGREAT IDEASIDEAS OFOF BIOLOGYBIOLOGY Paul Nurse KITP Public Lecture, Feb 24, 2010 THETHE CELLCELL The basic unit of life ROBERTROBERT HOOKEHOOKE’’SS MICROSCOPEMICROSCOPE Cork Image: Past Present STEMSTEM IMAGES:IMAGES: PASTPAST ANDAND PRESENTPRESENT Nehemiah Grew (1682) ANTONIANTONI VANVAN LEEUWENHOEKLEEUWENHOEK MICROORGANISMSMICROORGANISMS VANVAN LEEUWENHOEK?LEEUWENHOEK? THEODORTHEODOR SCHWANNSCHWANN “We have seen that all organisms are composed of essentially like parts, namely, of cells.” (1839) RUDOLFRUDOLF VIRCHOWVIRCHOW “Every animal appears as a sum of vital units, each of which bears in itself the complete characteristics of life.” (1858) CELLCELL Rockefeller Nobel Prize Winners in Cell Biology George E. Palade (1974) Christian de Duve (1974) Albert Claude (1974) Günter Blobel (1999) MAMMALIANMAMMALIAN EMBRYOEMBRYO SPERMSPERM ANDAND EGGEGG THETHE CELLCELL The basic unit of life Underpins all reproduction and development Stem cells THETHE GENEGENE Basis of heredity GREGORGREGOR MENDELMENDEL MENDELMENDEL’’SS GARDENGARDEN PEASPEAS PEASPEAS 1919TH CENTURYCENTURY CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES EDOUARDEDOUARD VANVAN BENEDENBENEDEN’’SS NEMATODENEMATODE CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES PNEUMOCOCCUSPNEUMOCOCCUS Avery, MacLeod and McCarty, Rockefeller University (1944) DNADNA MOLECULEMOLECULE CENTRALCENTRAL DOGMADOGMA THETHE GENEGENE Basis of heredity Genotype to phenotype Implications for what we are EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION BYBY NATURALNATURAL SELECTIONSELECTION Life evolves Mechanism of natural selection ERASMUSERASMUS ANDAND CHARLESCHARLES DARWINDARWIN
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George Palade 1912-2008
George Palade, 1912-2008 Biography George Palade was born in November, 1912 in Jassy, Romania to an academic family. He graduated from the School of Medicine of the The Founding of Cell Biology University of Bucharest in 1940. His doctorial thesis, however, was on the microscopic anatomy of the cetacean delphinus Delphi. He The discipline of Cell Biology arose at Rockefeller University in the late practiced medicine in the second world war, and for a brief time af- 1940s and the 1950s, based on two complimentary techniques: cell frac- terwards before coming to the USA in 1946, where he met Albert tionation, pioneered by Albert Claude, George Palade, and Christian de Claude. Excited by the potential of the electron microscope, he Duve, and biological electron microscopy, pioneered by Keith Porter, joined the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, where he did Albert Claude, and George Palade. For the first time, it became possible his seminal work. He left Rockefeller in 1973 to chair the new De- to identify the components of the cell both structurally and biochemi- partment of Cell Biology at Yale, and then in 1990 he moved to the cally, and therefore begin understanding the functioning of cells on a University of California, San Diego as Dean for Scientific Affairs at molecular level. These individuals participated in establishing the Jour- the School of Medicine. He retired in 2001, at age 88. His first wife, nal of Cell Biology, (originally the Journal of Biochemical and Biophysi- Irina Malaxa, died in 1969, and in 1970 he married Marilyn Farquhar, cal Cytology), which later led, in 1960, to the organization of the Ameri- another prominent cell biologist, and his scientific collaborator.
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Medicine COVID-19 and RACISM
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Evidence for Design in Physics and Biology: from the Origin of the Universe to the Origin of Life
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Innate Immunity and Dendritic Cells in Kidney Disease and the Nobel Prize
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From Controlling Elements to Transposons: Barbara Mcclintock and the Nobel Prize Nathaniel C
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April 28 Sir Paul Nurse
MONDAY, APRIL 26th 8 pm We look forward to welcoming to Kenton SIR PAUL NURSE RATHER THAN GIVE A TALK, WE ARE VERY FORTUNATE IN THAT SIR PAUL IS HAPPY TO ANSWER QUESTIONS ON HIS EXTENSIVE CAREER AND HOBBIES PLEASE HAVE YOUR QUESTIONS READY OR SEND THEM IN BEFORE THE MEETING Paul Nurse is a geneticist and cell biologist who has worked on how the eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled. His major work has been on the cyclin dependent protein kinases and how they regulate cell reproduction. He is Director of the Francis Crick Institute in London, and has served as President of the Royal Society, Chief Executive of Cancer Research UK and President of Rockefeller University. He shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and has received the Albert Lasker Award, the Gairdner Award, the Louis Jeantet Prize and the Royal Society's Royal and Copley Medals. He was knighted by The Queen in 1999, received the Legion d'honneur in 2003 from France, and the Order of the Rising Sun in 2018 from Japan. He served for 15 years on the Council of Science and Technology, advising the Prime Minister and Cabinet, and is presently a Chief Scientific Advisor for the European Union. As well as his many medical accomplishments, amazingly Paul also has time to fly planes and engage in varied hobbies Paul flies gliders and vintage aeroplanes and has been a qualified bush pilot. He also likes the theatre, hill-walking, going to museums and art galleries, and running very slowly. All our Zoom sessions are available on the Kenton https://us02web.zoom.us/j/3531782577? YouTube channel: pwd=N0tlSWxxUGZmOEUrM1ZzclJFN1pzdz09 Kenton Shul In The Park Goes Live.
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