The Effects of Organizational Culture, Leadership and Work Motivation Toward Performance of Employees and Its Implications on Th
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The Effects Of Organizational Culture, Leadership And Work Motivation Toward Performance Of Employees And Its Implications On The Development Of School Organization At Badan Pendidikan Kristen Penabur (Bpk) In Lampung Province Trisnowati* NIM: 0966390071 ABSTRACT Such an implementation of effective organizational culture supported by leadership and motivation from the doers in an organization can improve the performance of employees, which in turn, will proceed to be a program in managing organizational development agenda. The purpose of this research is to find out the effects of organizational culture, leadership and work motivation toward the performance of employees partially and simultaneously and their implications on the development of school organization. Therefore, this research applies Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result of SEM indicates that the variables of organizational culture, leadership and work motivation affect the performance of employees and simultaneously influence the organization development. Partially, organizational culture affects on performance of employee but not on the organization development *Trisnowati is the full-time lecturer at Economic Faculty of Sang Bumi Ruwa Jurai University (USBRJ-SABURAI) in Bandar Lampung, and post graduated from doctoral programme for management at Economic Faculty of Persada Indonesia University (UPI - Y.A.I) Jakarta Email: [email protected] 1 Keywords: Organizational Culture, Leadership, Work motivation, Performance of Employees, Organization Development INTRODUCTION organizational culture are influenced Any organization has a by the quality of its employees. prevailing culture. Organizational Moreover, according to Murni culture is a common perception held by Sugih, the Chairman of BPK all members of an organization and PENABUR Bandar Lampung (period each of them shares this perception. It 2010-2014) said that the is the values of Christian faith that implementation of organizational become ideological basis for culture requires re-evaluation on its Foundation of Christian Education values, as the new employees need to Board (BPK) PENABUR as understand about the vision and the accordance to its statement in the mission of BPK PENABUR by doing Preamble of Statutes. continues effort of dissemination. Development of organization Furthermore, she also said that the is a planned process. It is development of foundation requires systematically managed to change a qualified and professional employees. culture, a system and organizational At the moment, the foundation is behavior in order to improve conducting development of human organizational effectiveness in solving resource capabilities on information problems and achieving goals. systems management and information Development of organization required technology (IT) is based on performance of employees, which lays its importance on the role of Formulation of the Problem human resources (human capital), Formulation of problem as the especially on organization of focus of research are as followed: educational service. According to the 1. Are there any effects of Chairman of BPK PENABUR Metro, organizational culture on dr. Alexander K. Ruslim, Sp.PK performance of employees in BPK (Period 2010-2014), stated that the PENABUR school? leadership, work motivation and 2 2. Are there any effects of leadership of employees towards the on performance of employees in development of organization in BPK PENABUR school? BPK PENABUR school? 3. Are there any effects of work motivation on performance of Objectives of the Research employees in BPK PENABUR Based on formulation of the school? problem, the objectives of this research 4. Are there any effects of are as followed: organizational culture, leadership, 1. To find out the effects of and work motivation organizational culture toward simultaneously on performance of performance of employees in BPK employees in BPK PENABUR PENABUR school. school? 2. To find out the effects of 5. Are there any effects of leadership toward performance of organizational culture toward the employees in BPK PENABUR development of organization in school. BPK PENABUR school? 3. To find out the effects of work 6. Are there any effects of leadership motivation toward performance of toward development of employees in BPK PENABUR organization in BPK PENABUR school school? 4. To find out the effects of 7. Are there any effects of work organizational culture, leadership, motivation towards development work motivation toward of organization in BPK performance of employees in BPK PENABUR school? PENABUR school. 8. Are there any effects of 5. To find out the effects of performance of employees organizational culture toward towards development of development of organization in organization of BPK PENABUR BPK PENABUR school. school? 6. To find out the effects of 9. Are there any effects of leadership toward development of organizational culture, leadership, organization in BPK PENABUR work motivation and performance school. 3 7. To find out the effects of work behavior. Gibson (2000:77) states that motivation toward development of organizational culture contains a organization in BPK PENABUR mixture of values, beliefs, assumptions, school. perceptions, norms, and behavior 8. To find out the effects of patterns and peculiarities and performance of employees toward according to Luthans (2006:213), it is development of organization in said that organizational culture is BPK PENABUR school norms and values that guide behavior 9. To find out the effects of of members of an organization. organizational culture, leadership, According to Yukl (2009: work motivation and performance 4.8), it is said that leadership is the of employees toward development process of influencing others to of organization in BPK understand and to agree with what PENABUR school. needs to be done and how a task is done effectively, as well as a process Methodology for facilitating individual and Organizational culture is a collective efforts to achieve common shared-meaning system on the values goals. Similarly, Hadari Nawawi held and appreciated in an (2006:236) said that leadership is to organization, which serves to create a make the organization effective, which clear distinction between one is very much influenced by the organization and other ones, to create a intelligence of the leader. sense of identity for all members of an According to Mangkunegara organization, to facilitate a collective (2010:61), work motivation is commitment to the organization, to something that makes people act or improve stability of the social system behave in certain ways. Work and to create the making and control of motivation is a condition or energy meaning mechanism that guides the that drives employees to achieve shaping of attitudes and behaviors organizational goals of the company. (Robbins 2008:525). Furthermore, While, according to Herzberg in according to Ndraha (2000:18), it is Luthans (2006:283), work motivation said that value can only be understood is the process of influencing or if it is associated with attitudes and encouraging employees to complete 4 the task or work, which are intrinsic Nawawi (2006:199) said that (motivator) and extrinsic (hygiene). development of organization is a According to Wibowo (2009:7), it is process of designing (planning) the said that performance of employees is changes in organizational culture by the result of work that has strong using knowledge about behavior of relationship with organizational technology (behavior in science of strategic goal, customer satisfaction, technology), research and any relevant and to contribute to the economy theories. Thus, development of matters. Performance of employees is organization is to make planned about conducting the work and the changes (Planned Changes). results achieved from the work. While, Kienel (1998: 215) said that the role of the Christian teacher is categorized as a model (the teacher as a model), teacher as instructor (the teacher as an instructor of truth), teacher as pelatih (the teacher as a trainer), teachers as father and mother (the teacher as father and mother), the teacher as a shepherd (the teacher as a shepherd).According to Gibson (2000:353), it is said that development of organization is a systematically planned and managed process to change culture, system and organizational behavior, in order to improve organizational effectiveness in solving problems and achieving goals. The sub-objective of organizational development is to change the attitudes or values, to modify behavior, and to induce changes in a structural form and policy. Similarly, W. Warner Burke in 5 Figure 1. Theoretical Framework and Research Hypothesis The method used in this research is Augusty Ferdinand (2006), the descriptive survey with descriptive requirement of using technique of analysis and qualitative descriptive SEM, if taken from the number of techniques. Data of the research are samples, SEM analysis method is 100- from primary and secondary data for 200, depending on the number of collected both by research indicators used in all latent variables. (questionnaires) and the second party. The number of samples is the number Data from questionnaires use Likert of indicators 25 × 5 = 125. scale with interval type. After the data are collected The population in this (questionnaire), validity and reliability research is the employees of Badan tests are conducted. Data analysis Pendidikan Kristen (BPK) PENABUR method hypothesis test uses model of in Lampung