DOCSLIB.ORG

The Religious Life Harmony and the Nation's Integrity in History View

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

HISTORIA: International Journal of History Education, Vol. XIII, No. 2 (December 2012) THE RELIGIOUS LIFE HARMONY AND THE NATION’S INTEGRITY IN HISTORY VIEW Neti Budiwati1 ABSTRACT In addition to a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, Indonesian people’s life is also multi- religion/beliefs. This plural living conditions is prone to conflict. Most conflict happened is often ridden by religious issues and sentiments. Such circumstances should not be avoided to maintain the national integration. Plural life should be maintained in order to realize the the harmony of life in a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, and multi-religious society.Therefore, the government issued UU Kerukunan Hidup Beragama (the Law on Religious Life Harmony) to achieve harmony in the society’s life. In addition, one alternative to consider is to develop a civil society that is the embodiment of the nation as the realization of developing a nation that is advanced in every sector of development. The establishment of civil society must be understood as an aspiration to realize the democratic and infependent modern nation among the hustle and bustle of the differences. An ideal civilization will be able to build a nation with significant progress. The perspective of civil society in Indonesia is simple, to build a fair, open, and democratic society upon the foundation of the Almighty God. Therefore, to be developed in this kind of life is the constructive pluralism, which can be developed through multicultural education. Key words: plural, harmony, civil, intimacy, multicultural 1Neti Budiwati lecturer of Indonesia University of Education (UPI). For academic interest, the author can be contacted at office address: Setibudhi street 229, Bandung, West Java. 275 NETI BUDIWATI, The Religious Life Harmony and The Nation’s Integrity in History View Introduction the practice of their religion in the social, state, and nation life. The understanding Indonesia is a unitary state which is multi- of religious harmony does not mean to mix ethnic, multi-cultural, multi-religious, and some beliefs into one belief, but each belief other diversity that is shown by the motto of do their own practice without harassing “Bhineka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity)”. A another belief, peacufully and friendly in slogan that has deep philosophical meaning, diveristy. Given that the religious beliefs which become the adhesive of Indonesian of one another is different, then the of society in a unity territory of Indonesia, one inter-religious beliefs is not to be argued homeland, one nation and one language, or synchronized. The appreciation and which is born by the event of Sumpah understanding for each other’s faith is Pemuda (the Oath of the youth). defined as tolerance, because tolerance One conflict-sensitive diversity is should be built on the awareness and the diversity of religions and beliefs. The understanding of the needs and beliefs of various religions and beliefs express the others, not personal needs and beliefs. heterogeneity as well as the picture of the However, the fact that we see in recognition of every citizen’s right about Indonesia today is conflict often happen the belief in god. According to the number which is caused by religious background, of its adherents, of course there are the in addition to the decline of tolerance, majority and the minority, therefore this mutual help, and solidarity in social life. religious rights of the majority and the The religious people of Indonesia must live minority should be maintained because side by side in order to create harmonious both sides have rights. This is guaranteed society arrangements for a harmonious life by the constitution, so there is no principle to and interact toward a common goal, the of marginalization, particularly the spiritually and physically wealthy society. alienation, to occur as opposed to the Therefore, the importance of religion as concept of human rights set out in the the guide to improve the attitude of mutual legislation. These conditions imply that the respect requires its followers to carry the harmony in implementing the religion and consistent responsibilities and mandate to belief in Indonesia, and perhaps in another create harmony between in a society with multi religion country, is an important various religions. issue. It is government’s duty to ensure The issue of the fading religious the life comfort and safety of the religious tolerance is reported by the Center of believers. Strategic and International Studies / CSIS The religious harmony is important (2012). CSIS’s study result in February because it is one of the factors that 2012 in 23 provinces, involving 2,213 supporting the harmony of the nation. The respondents, showed that the Indonesian basic concept of harmony does not lie in the religious tolerance is low. This is because religion, but the people of their respective even though the public is willing to accept religions. The religious harmony shows the fact that they live in diversity, but most the relationship of all the people that is of them are actually hesitant to tolerate based on tolerance, mutual understanding, the diversity. Besides, other indication is mutual respect, respect on equality and that during the UN Human Rights Council 276 HISTORIA: International Journal of History Education, Vol. XIII, No. 2 (December 2012) evaluating the progress of the Human between religions and beliefs that occur in Rights implementation in Indonesia Indonesia?; 3) what factors are driving and and 13 other countries in the world in inhibiting the nation’s integration?, and 4) the 13th session on 21st May to 4th June what is the proper solution to maintain the 2012, it indicate that religious tolerance in nation’s integration realted to the religious Indonesia is decreasing. This condition is harmony? unfortunate, the friendly Indonesia is now just a story. (Harian Pikiran Rakyat, 11 Juni Religion and Beliefs in Indonesia 2012). The independence day of Indonesian Given the pretty high number of cases/ was declared on August 17, 1945, but the events which generally occured in urban process to get to the independence day areas, as shown in Table 1, it is a concern that is long. Indonesian nationalism could should be immediately handle to minimal. be tracked through process of national A survey conducted by CSIS explained organizations establsihment of Budi this condition is apparently at odds with Utomo, on May 20, 1908, followed by the the people who claim to be democratic. Youth Pledge of 1928. The process was They claim to be democratic, but can not crucial towards achieving the independence embody the values of democracy and of Indonesia. From this national history respect for diversity. This is a stumbling events, could be understood that Indonesia block for Indonesia, who are maintaining was not born or appear out of nowhere, its diversity. but through a process of dealing with The handling if this problem requires the various differences if ethnicity, race, the participation of all segments of society, religion, and inter-group conflict. especially the government. On April 3, Pluralism that gave rise to the 2012 the House of Representatives has differences is a special color for the lives approved a draft bill of Social Conflict of Indonesian people, and should be an Management Act to be a law, and the assets that could develop Indonesia into current government has also filed a bill the a great country. One of the differences is Religious Life Harmony. The question is, is the religious life and beliefs in Indonesia. the social and religious conflicts could be Regarding the religion, Nasution in Syihab resolved by the law of Conflict Handling (2010: 54) make a list of some religion and the Law of Religious Life Harmony, definitions: while the presence of the Act and the bill 1. Recognition of the human relationship still contains problems and polemics? with the supernatural forces that must It is interesting to study, and this paper be met. will try to analyze the problem by focusing on 2. Recognition of the existence of the issue of religious harmony in Indonesia supernatural forces that dominate related to the integration of the nation, by human. bringing up issues that are formulated 3. Committed itself to a form of life, which as follows: 1) How is the picture of the contains a confession to a source that is religious harmony in Indonesia society?; 2 outside human self and the influence of ) How is the picture of problems/conflicts human actions. 277 NETI BUDIWATI, The Religious Life Harmony and The Nation’s Integrity in History View 4. The belief of a supernatural power that distinguish religion/belief and the resulted in a certain way of life. behavior to be considered a religion or 5. A code of conduct that originated from not: a supernatural power. 1. The purification in religion is 6. Recognition of the obligations which are purification on aDhat that have special believed to stem from a supernatural properties, such as; unseen, and can force. not be felt by the senses. 7. Worship of supernatural forces that 2. The supernatural dhat in religion, is arise from feelings of weakness and not part of this universe, but it has a fear of the mysterious power exist in positive power, influence, and powerful human’s surrounding. according to the will and iradah. 8. The teachings of God revealed to man 3. Such force, although not part of this through the Apostle nature, it has a meaningful relationship with nature and man. It hears all Meanwhile Darraz (Shihab, 2010: 55- prayers and human complaints, it 56), also mentions the religious definition noticed the human grief and hope, and of some western scholars, which include: in accordance to it will, it can provide 1. Immanuel Kant (1724-184), religion is and answer the prayer and hope of a sentiment feelings towards our duty, human .
Recommended publications
  • A Reconstructed Indigenous Religious Tradition in Latvia

    A Reconstructed Indigenous Religious Tradition in Latvia

    religions Article A Reconstructed Indigenous Religious Tradition in Latvia Anita Stasulane Faculty of Humanities, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils LV-5401, Latvia; [email protected] Received: 31 January 2019; Accepted: 11 March 2019; Published: 14 March 2019 Abstract: In the early 20th century, Dievtur¯ıba, a reconstructed form of paganism, laid claim to the status of an indigenous religious tradition in Latvia. Having experienced various changes over the course of the century, Dievtur¯ıba has not disappeared from the Latvian cultural space and gained new manifestations with an increase in attempts to strengthen indigenous identity as a result of the pressures of globalization. This article provides a historical analytical overview about the conditions that have determined the reconstruction of the indigenous Latvian religious tradition in the early 20th century, how its form changed in the late 20th century and the types of new features it has acquired nowadays. The beginnings of the Dievturi movement show how dynamic the relationship has been between indigeneity and nationalism: indigenous, cultural and ethnic roots were put forward as the criteria of authenticity for reconstructed paganism, and they fitted in perfectly with nativist discourse, which is based on the conviction that a nation’s ethnic composition must correspond with the state’s titular nation. With the weakening of the Soviet regime, attempts emerged amongst folklore groups to revive ancient Latvian traditions, including religious rituals as well. Distancing itself from the folk tradition preservation movement, Dievtur¯ıba nowadays nonetheless strives to identify itself as a Latvian lifestyle movement and emphasizes that it represents an ethnic religion which is the people’s spiritual foundation and a part of intangible cultural heritage.
  • AP Human Geography Religion Geography of Religion

    AP Human Geography Religion Geography of Religion

    AP Human Geography Religion Geography of Religion Most religious people pray for peace, but religious groups may not share the same vision of how peace will be achieved. Geographers see that the process by which one religion diffuses across the landscape may conflict with the distribution of others. Geographers also observe that religions are derived in part from elements of the physical environment, and that religions, in turn, modify the landscape. Religion The Key Issues Are: 1. Where are religions distributed? 2. Why do religions have different distributions? 3. Why do religions organize space in distinctive patterns? 4. Why do territorial conflicts arise among religious groups? Geographers and Religion Religion interests geographers because it is essential for understanding how humans occupy Earth. Geographers, though, are not theologians, so they stay focused on those elements of religions that are geographically significant. Geographers study spatial connections in religion: – the distinctive place of origin – the extent of diffusion – the processes by which religions diffused – practices and beliefs that lead some to have more widespread distributions. Globalization and Local Diversity of Religion Geographers find the tension in scale between globalization and local diversity especially acute in religion for a number of reasons. People care deeply about their religion – some religions are designed to appeal to people throughout the world, whereas other religions appeal primarily in geographically limited areas – religious values are important in how people identify themselves, (and) the ways they organize the landscape – adopting a global religion usually requires turning away from a traditional local religion – while migrants typically learn the language of the new location, they retain their religion.
  • Where Are Religions Distributed?

    Where Are Religions Distributed?

    , CASE STUDY / The Dalai Lama Versus the People s Republic of China The Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, is as tens of thousands and forced another 100,000, including important to that religion as the Pope is to Roman Catholics. the Dalai Lama, to emigrate. Buddhist temples were closed Traditionally, the Dalai Lama—which translates as “oceanic and demolished, and religious artifacts and scriptures were teacher”—was not only the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism destroyed. but also the head of the government of Tibet. The photograph on Why did the Chinese try to dismantle the religious institu- page 204 shows the Dalai Lama’s former palace in Tibet’s capital tions of a poor, remote country? At issue was the fact that the Lhasa, situated in the Himalaya Mountains. presence of strong religious feelings among the Tibetan people China, which had ruled Tibet from 1720 until its inde- conflicted with the aims of the Chinese government. pendence in 1911, invaded the rugged, isolated country in The conflict between traditional Buddhism and the Chinese 1950, turned it into a province named Xizang in 1951, and government is one of many examples of the impact of religion. installed a Communist government in Tibet in 1953. After In the modern world of global economics and culture, local reli- crushing a rebellion in 1959, China executed or imprisoned gious belief continues to play a strong role in people’s lives. ■ Religion interests geographers because it is essential for under- and at the same time still speak the language of their local standing how humans occupy Earth.
  • TERA International Conference, Dubai, February 2019

    TERA International Conference, Dubai, February 2019

    Conference Proceedings ICRTEL 2019 – International Conference on Research in Teaching, Education & Learning, 24-25 Feb, Dubai 24-25 February 2019 Conference Venue Flora Grand Hotel, Near Al Rigga Metro Station, Deira, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Email: [email protected] https://eurasiaresearch.org https://teraweb.org/ PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 2454-5899 Table of Content: S. No. Particulars Page Numbers 1. Preface 3 2. Keynote Speaker 4-5 3. List of Presenters 6-45 4. List of Listeners 45-47 5. Upcoming Conferences 47-48 ICRTEL 2019 – International Conference on Research in Teaching, Education & Learning, 24-25 Feb, Dubai Flora Grand Hotel, Near Al Rigga Metro Station, Deira, Dubai, United Arab Emirates 2 PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 2454-5899 Preface: Teaching and Education Research Association (TERA) is a community of passionate researchers, practitioners and educationists for the development and spread of ideas in the field of teaching and learning. TERA aims to bring together worldwide researchers and professionals, encourage intellectual development and providing opportunities for networking and collaboration. These objectives are achieved through academic networking, meetings, conferences, workshops, projects, research publications, academic awards and scholarships. The driving force behind this association is its diverse members and advisory board, who provide inspiring ideas and research contribution. Scholars, Researchers, Professionals are invited to freely join TERA and become a part of this ever growing network, working for benefit of society and research with the spirit of sharing and mutual growth. For this conference around 95 Participants from around 13 different countries have submitted their entries for review and presentation.
  • Religion and Geography

    Religion and Geography

    Park, C. (2004) Religion and geography. Chapter 17 in Hinnells, J. (ed) Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion. London: Routledge RELIGION AND GEOGRAPHY Chris Park Lancaster University INTRODUCTION At first sight religion and geography have little in common with one another. Most people interested in the study of religion have little interest in the study of geography, and vice versa. So why include this chapter? The main reason is that some of the many interesting questions about how religion develops, spreads and impacts on people's lives are rooted in geographical factors (what happens where), and they can be studied from a geographical perspective. That few geographers have seized this challenge is puzzling, but it should not detract us from exploring some of the important themes. The central focus of this chapter is on space, place and location - where things happen, and why they happen there. The choice of what material to include and what to leave out, given the space available, is not an easy one. It has been guided mainly by the decision to illustrate the types of studies geographers have engaged in, particularly those which look at spatial patterns and distributions of religion, and at how these change through time. The real value of most geographical studies of religion in is describing spatial patterns, partly because these are often interesting in their own right but also because patterns often suggest processes and causes. Definitions It is important, at the outset, to try and define the two main terms we are using - geography and religion. What do we mean by 'geography'? Many different definitions have been offered in the past, but it will suit our purpose here to simply define geography as "the study of space and place, and of movements between places".
  • Contemporary Mari Belief: the Formation of Ethnic Religion

    Contemporary Mari Belief: the Formation of Ethnic Religion

    Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 12 (2): 79–114 DOI: 10.2478/jef-2018-0013 CONTEMPORARY MARI BELIEF: THE FORMATION OF ETHNIC RELIGION TATIANA ALYBINA PhD, Researcher Estonian National Museum Muuseumi tee 2, 60534 Tartu, Estonia e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT In this article* I describe the process of developing of Mari ethnic religion based on the tradition of animistic beliefs. I aim to consider two areas of contemporary Mari religion, the activities of the official religious organisation and the vernacular tra- dition as practiced by people in the countryside. The Mari vernacular belief system has been seen as one of the components of Mari ethnic identity. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mari religious tradition has played a role in strengthening national identity, and so the religious organisation has been officially registered. Today there is an attempt to adapt Mari religious practices to the conditions of the religious market, in the face of which vernacular tradition seems to lose its con- nection with the ethnic worldview and rural way of life. My analysis of research material from fieldwork conducted shows the existence of belief rituals that are followed independently from the official Mari religious movement. Contemporary Mari religious tradition has two layers and can be described as a process of trans- formation from vernacular belief to ethnic religion with its religious institutions and group of experts. KEYWORDS: ethnic religion • animism • vernacular belief • Mari people • Finno- Ugric ethnology INTRODUCTION The European discourse of modern animistic religions includes the variety of New Reli- gious movements with environmentalism component and reconstructions of ‘pagan’ rituals (‘neo-paganism’).
  • 2019 Results Pascal Contest Cayley Contest Fermat Contest

    2019 Results Pascal Contest Cayley Contest Fermat Contest

    The CENTRE for EDUCATION in MATHEMATICS and COMPUTING Le CENTRE d'EDUCATION´ en MATHEMATIQUES´ et en INFORMATIQUE www.cemc.uwaterloo.ca 2019 2019 Results R´esultats Pascal Contest Concours Pascal (Grade 9) (9e ann´ee{ Sec. III) Cayley Contest Concours Cayley (Grade 10) (10e ann´ee{ Sec. IV) Fermat Contest Concours Fermat (Grade 11) (11e ann´ee{ Sec. V) c 2019 Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing Competition Organization Organisation du Concours Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing Faculty and Staff / Personnel du Concours canadien de math´ematiques Ed Anderson Sandy Graham Jeff Anderson Conrad Hewitt Terry Bae Angie Hildebrand Jacquelene Bailey Carrie Knoll Shane Bauman Christine Ko Jenn Brewster Judith Koeller Ersal Cahit Laura Kreuzer Sarah Chan Paul Leistra Serge D'Alessio Bev Marshman Rich Dlin Josh McDonald Fiona Dunbar Paul McGrath Mike Eden Mike Miniou Sandy Emms Carol Miron Barry Ferguson Dean Murray Judy Fox Jen Nelson Carley Funk Ian Payne Steve Furino Anne Petersen John Galbraith J.P. Pretti Lucie Galinon Kim Schnarr Robert Garbary Carolyn Sedore Melissa Giardina Ashley Sorensen Rob Gleeson Ian VanderBurgh Troy Vasiga Bonnie Yi 2 Competition Organization Organisation du Concours Problems Committees / Comit´esdes probl`emes Pascal Contest / Concours Pascal Aaron Warner (Chair / pr´esidente), St. Mildred's-Lightbourn School, Oakville, ON Janet Christ, Walter Murray C.I., Saskatoon, SK Melissa Hesch, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Hwie Lie Johns, Sutherland S.S., North Vancouver, BC Mike Miniou, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Peter O'Hara, London, ON J.P. Pretti, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Paule Rodrigue, Franco-Cit´e,Ottawa, ON Jim Schurter, Listowel, ON Anna Spanik, Halifax, NS Cayley Contest / Concours Cayley Jen Nelson (Chair / pr´esidente), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Rich Dlin, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Barry Ferguson, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Carley Funk, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Jordan Grant, St.
  • Jurnal Pendidikan Penabur (JPP) Dapat Dipakai Sebagai Medium Tukar Pikiran, Informasi, Dan Penelitian Ilmiah Para Pemerhati Masalah Pendidikan

    Jurnal Pendidikan Penabur (JPP) Dapat Dipakai Sebagai Medium Tukar Pikiran, Informasi, Dan Penelitian Ilmiah Para Pemerhati Masalah Pendidikan

    Diterbitkan oleh: BADAN PENDIDIKAN KRISTEN PENABUR (BPK PENABUR) I S S N : 1412-2588 Jurnal Pendidikan Penabur (JPP) dapat dipakai sebagai medium tukar pikiran, informasi, dan penelitian ilmiah para pemerhati masalah pendidikan. Penanggung Jawab Dr. Siswono Akuan Rokanta, S.Kom., MM Pemimpin Redaksi Dr. Siswono Akuan Rokanta, S.Kom., MM Sekretaris Redaksi Rosmawati Situmorang Dewan Editor Dr. Ir. Hadiyanto Budisetio, M.M. Pdt. Dr. Aristarchus Sukarto, BA, M.Th. Dr. Elika Dwi Murwani, M.M. Etiwati, S.Pd., M.M. Dr. Imma Helianti Kusuma Ir. Budyanto Lestyana, M.Si. Alamat Redaksi : Jln. Tanjung Duren Raya No. 4 Blok E Lt. 5, Jakarta Barat 11470 Telepon (021) 5606773-76, Faks. (021) 5666968 http://www.bpkpenabur.or.id E-mail : [email protected] Jurnal Pendidikan Penabur Nomor 31/Tahun ke-17/Desember 2018 ISSN: 1412-2588 Daftar Isi, i Pengantar Redaksi, ii - v Pengaruh Keadilan Interpersonal dan Komitmen Afektif Organisasi Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Guru, Dian Nataly Paramaartha, 1-12 Pengunaan Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom dengan Moodle Sebagai Implementasi dari Blended Learning, Mudarwan, 13-23 Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial dengan Pendekatan Kontekstual dalam Menghadapi Pendidikan Abad 21, Lusiana Puspitasari, 24-35 Urgensi dan Penerapan Higher Order Thingking Skills di Sekolah, Agus Kristiyono, 36-46 Implementasi Berpikir Reflektif dalam Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar, Hilda Karli, 47-58 Revolusi Industri 4.0 dan Respon Institusi Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah, Christian Fredy Naa dan Ali Sadiyoko, 59-71 Pendidikan Karakter melalui Metode Refleksi, Harun D. Simarmata, 72-82 Pelayanan Pastoral Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen bagi Remaja di Sekolah, Paulus Eko Kristianto, 83-94 Isu Mutakhir: Belajar Berpolitik di Sekolah? Kenapa Tidak?, Eko Hadi Purnomo, 95-100 Resensi buku: Saat Semesta Bicara, P.
  • Gender and Folk-Religion in Western China: a Case Study of the Tu of Qinghai

    Gender and Folk-Religion in Western China: a Case Study of the Tu of Qinghai

    religions Article Gender and Folk-Religion in Western China: A Case Study of the Tu of Qinghai Haiyan Xing * and Gerald Murray College of Philosophy, Law & Political Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; murray@ufl.edu * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 August 2019; Accepted: 10 September 2019; Published: 12 September 2019 Abstract: This paper deals with analysis of gender issues in an ethnic religious system in Western China, the religion of the Tu ethnic group. We focused on gender in Tu religion, which entailed documenting gender dynamics in three major ethnographic domains that have been present in religious systems around the world and through time: spirit beliefs, rituals, and specialists. Though examined gender dynamics as they occur among the Tu in all three of these niches, we found that in the Tu spirit world, there are major male and female spirits who are viewed as having equal status and equal power over the weather. However, in the domain of ritual specialists, the gender situation changes. As for gender-differentiation in rituals, we found practices that excluded women from entering temples and from participating in public emergency rituals associated with weather crises. In addition, we have attempted to identify the multiple causal factors that that may have affected the evolution of Tu. Keywords: gender; folk-religion; religious specialist; Chinese ethnic groups 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose of the Article These pages will deal with analysis of the multiple causal factors that influence the evolution of gender issues in a religious system. We will do this via focused analysis of gender issues in an ethnic religious system in Western China, the religion of the Tu ethnic group.
  • Bab I Pendahuluan

    Bab I Pendahuluan

    BAB I PENDAHULUAN I.1 Latar Belakang Masalah Manajemen berhubungan dengan suatu usaha untuk mencapai sasaran- sasaran tertentu dengan jalan mengunakan sumber-sumber yang telah tersedia dengan sebaik-baiknya. Sumber yang paling penting dalam organisasi adalah sumber daya manusia (SDM). Organisasi adalah rangkaian kajian, penataan kerja, pengaturan kerja, penyusunan dan pembagian kerja dan usaha kerjasama sekelompok orang untuk mencapai tujuan sasaran tersebut. Peranan sumber daya manusia dalam organisasi sangatlah penting karena sebagai pengerak utama dari seluruh kegiatan atau aktivitas dalam mencapai tujuan, yaitu untuk mempertahankan kelansungan hidup organisasi. Keberhasilan organisasi dalam mempertahankan kehidupan organisasi dimulai dari mengelola sumber daya manusia, khususnya meningkatkan kinerja secara maksimal. Untuk meningkatkan peranan manusia sebagai aset yang unggul dan cakap dalam bidang keahlian kerja, tentunya dibutuhkan Pelatihan dan Pengembangan bagi karyawan. Kata Pelatihan dan Pengembangan merupakan dua kata yang saling mengikat dan berhubungan. Karyawan yang telah mendapatkan pendidikan setingkat perguruan tinggi, masih dibutuhkankan berbagai kecakapan dan keahlian dalam bekerja melalui pelatihan. Kecakapan dalam bekerja melalui pelatihan bisa melalui kursus-kursus singkat, seperti: pelatihan manajemen, tekhnologi informasi, administrasi komputer, dan sebagainya. Diharapkan dengan adanya kegiatan pelatihan-pelatihan tersebut, maka karyawan dapat mengembangkan kemampuan dan kecakapan bekerja serta menyelesaikan berbagai
  • 2019 Public Perception on Religious Freedom And

    2019 Public Perception on Religious Freedom And

    2019 REPORT PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND TOLERANCE REPORT PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND TOLERANCE Writer and Editor William Shea Chief Editor Shafra D. Gayatri Research Implementer PT. Mars Indonesia Reviewer Shiva K. Dhungana Layout and Design Fitriana Valencia Bahrul Wijaksana Address Common Ground ID Indonesia Country Director CoHive Uptown commongroundid [email protected] Jl. Timor No. 16, Menteng. commongroundid [email protected] Jakarta, Indonesia 10350 Common Ground ID Table of Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... 3 Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 10 2. Context Analysis Overview ............................................................................................. 12 2.1. Research Objectives and Implementation ..................................................................... 12 2.2. Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.3. Scope and Limitations .......................................................................................................
  • Mytho-Historical Narratives and Identity-Discourse in Hungarian

    Mytho-Historical Narratives and Identity-Discourse in Hungarian

    Social Constructions of the Native Faith: Mytho-historical Narratives and Identity-discourse in Hungarian Neo- paganism by Ádám Kolozsi Submitted to Central European University Nationalism Studies Program In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Advisor: Professor András Kovács CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2012 Abstract This thesis provides a detailed examination of the historical roots and national ideologies of contemporary Hungarian native faith movements, focusing specifically on the narrative boundary-setting mechanisms. In my historical research, based on the analysis of primary resources, I am looking for the roots of neo-pagan concepts in Hungary. In the narrative analysis of contemporary neo-pagan discourses, I examine the ethnic myths, historical memories, national ideologies and symbolic boundary-setting mechanisms. The thesis shows that native-faith myths (re)define actual group boundaries and reinforce current group identifications. In this way, neo-pagan nationalism contributes to the reformulation of national ideologies, national sentiments and „groupist‟ ideas. I argue that the public success of native faith ideas is explicable by their fitting to broader group beliefs of contemporary ethno-nationalism. CEU eTD Collection 2 Acknowledgment I would like to thank Professor Vlad Naumescu and Professor Balázs Trencsényi for their help. I wish to thank for Mr. Scott Simpson from the Jagellonian University and Viola Teisenhoffer (‗from the Japanese Garden‘) for their suggestions and for the inspiring discussions about international neo-paganism. I would also like to thank my supervisor, Professor András Kovács for his help and for his direction with this project. CEU eTD Collection 3 Table of Contents I.