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2019 Public Perception on Religious Freedom And

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2019 Public Perception on Religious Freedom And 2019 REPORT PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND TOLERANCE REPORT PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM AND TOLERANCE Writer and Editor William Shea Chief Editor Shafra D. Gayatri Research Implementer PT. Mars Indonesia Reviewer Shiva K. Dhungana Layout and Design Fitriana Valencia Bahrul Wijaksana Address Common Ground ID Indonesia Country Director CoHive Uptown commongroundid [email protected] Jl. Timor No. 16, Menteng. commongroundid [email protected] Jakarta, Indonesia 10350 Common Ground ID Table of Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... 3 Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations ..................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 10 2. Context Analysis Overview ............................................................................................. 12 2.1. Research Objectives and Implementation ..................................................................... 12 2.2. Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.3. Scope and Limitations ........................................................................................................ 15 2.4. Demographics ...................................................................................................................... 16 3. Findings .......................................................................................................................... 18 3.1. Findings Overview ................................................................................................................ 19 3.2. Community Awareness and Application of Religious Freedom and Tolerance ...... 21 3.3. State Role in Religion and Tolerance ............................................................................... 31 3.4. Religious Organizations, Religion and Tolerance .......................................................... 35 3.5. Media, Freedom of Religion and Tolerance .................................................................... 44 3.6. A Tale of Two Cities ............................................................................................................. 51 3.7. Majoritarianism .................................................................................................................... 51 3.8. Influence of Neither Agree or Disagree Answers .............................................................. 53 4. Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 58 4.1. Public Perception and Engagement in Freedom of Religion and Tolerance ........... 58 4.2. State Role in Freedom of Religion and Tolerance ......................................................... 59 4.3. Role of Religious Organizations ........................................................................................ 60 4.4. The Role of Social Media .................................................................................................... 61 4.5. Overall .................................................................................................................................... 61 5. Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 64 5.1. Engaging the ‘vulnerable to intolerance’ demographic ................................................ 64 5.2. Challenging the Intolerant Voice ...................................................................................... 64 5.3. Religious Leaders as Information Sources ..................................................................... 65 5.4. Promoting Positive Stories ................................................................................................. 66 5.5. Comprehension of Majority ............................................................................................... 67 Reference List ........................................................................................................................ 68 Appendix ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2 List of Figures Figure 1: Survey Sample Diagram ...................................................................................................... 13 Figure 2: In-Depth Interview Respondent Breakdown ................................................................... 14 Figure 3: Respondent Religion ............................................................................................................ 16 Figure 4: Respondent Gender ............................................................................................................ 16 Figure 5: Respondent Age Group ....................................................................................................... 17 Figure 6: Respondent Education Level .............................................................................................. 17 Figure 7: Respondent Socio-Economic Status ................................................................................. 17 Figure 8: Respondent Household Spending .................................................................................... 17 Figure 9: Overall Tolerance Levels per City ...................................................................................... 20 Figure 10: Theoretical vs. Practical Tolerance – All Cities .............................................................. 21 Figure 11: Explanations of Freedom of Religion and Belief .......................................................... 22 Figure 12: Responses Regarding FoRB ............................................................................................. 23 Figure 13: Explanations of Tolerance ................................................................................................ 24 Figure 14: Responses Regarding Tolerance ..................................................................................... 25 Figure 15: The Tolerance Slide ............................................................................................................ 26 Figure 16: Bandung Tolerance in Practice ........................................................................................ 27 Figure 17: Active Tolerance Majority/Minority Comparison .......................................................... 28 Figure 18: Practical Tolerance Rating per City ................................................................................. 28 Figure 19: Reaction to Leaflets Distributed in Neighborhood (Majority/Minority) ................... 29 Figure 20: Perspectives on Pancasila Ideology ................................................................................ 31 Figure 21: Responses Regarding Role of State in FoRB/Tolerance ............................................. 32 Figure 22: Easy to Obtain Government Approval for Religious Activities (Majority/Minority) 33 Figure 23: Government Perceived Role vs. Actual Implementation of Role .............................. 34 Figure 24: Agree that Government Regulations Favor Majority Religion ................................... 35 Figure 25: Religious Organization Participation – per City ............................................................ 36 Figure 26: Overall Awareness Levels of Religious Organizations ................................................. 37 Figure 27: Organization Awareness Top 4 per City ........................................................................ 39 Figure 28: Source of Organization Awareness – City Comparison .............................................. 40 Figure 29: Location of Survey Cities – Distance Comparison ....................................................... 41 Figure 30: Agreement Rates on Usefulness of Religious Organizations – per City .................. 42 Figure 31: Responses Regarding Religious Organizations ............................................................ 43 Figure 32: “Organizations should be able to take the Law into their own hands” ................... 43 Figure 33: Agreement with Dissolving All Religious Groups .......................................................... 44 Figure 34: Social Media Platform Use – City Comparison ............................................................. 45 Figure 35: Sources of Media – All Cities ............................................................................................ 46 Figure 36: Most-Used Social Media Platforms – All Cities ............................................................. 47 Figure 37: Use of Social Media More than 3 Hours a Day – per City .......................................... 48 Figure 38: Responses Regarding Religious Content on Social Media ......................................... 49 Figure 39: Likelihood to Share Information Regardless of Understanding ............................... 49 Figure 40: Agree That Social Media Can Influence Harmony/Inter-Religious Relations .......... 50 Figure 41: NAND Answers – Theoretical vs. Practical Tolerance .................................................
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