EthicalMUN II

The Cold War and the Cuban Missile Crisis Russia

Chairs: Olivia Pollack and

Owen Park

Crisis Director: Josh Sacca and Jackson Davis

EthicalMUN II Hello Delegates,

We are delighted to welcome you to Ethical MUN II and we are looking forward to two full and exciting days of debate. The topic for this committee is the Cuban Missile Crisis and we are really looking forward to seeing your unique solutions. We hope that this topic will Theo Dassin stimulate your creativity and make for an amazing weekend. We have seven experienced Co-Secretary General chairs and crisis directors who are eagerly anticipating the conference. Please take time to thoroughly read the background guide and conduct research of you own so that you can have the best position papers possible. Iva Knezevic Co-Secretary General This background guide is simply a starting point for your research, and much more research is necessary to prepare for this committee. For those of you who are new to Model UN, this Alex Keswani committee is a crisis committee which means that there will constantly be new problems Chief of Staff (provided by our lovely crisis directors Jackson Davis, Josh Sacca, and Nick Shiland) that you must solve. In addition, this is a JCC which stands for joint crisis committee, in one Ryan Kelly room there will be delegates associated with the USSR and Cuba, and in the other will be delegates representing the American EXCOMM committee. The two groups will be in Vice-Secretary of constant communication throughout the conference. We want both groups to fully represent Committees their positions while working together to come up with a solution for this Crisis.

Olivia Becker This committee will be starting in October of 1962, right after United States discovered the Vice-Secretary of Soviet Missiles in Cuba. Anything before this is set in stone, but anything after is all up to Administration you. Emphasis will be placed on not copying exactly what occurred in real life, as we want you to come up with interesting and creative solutions on your own. Please do not try to copy what actually occurred in committee, as the wonderful crisis staff will be introducing Halle Friedman new crises often, many of which did not historically occur. Vice-Secretary of Outreach We are very excited to hear your solutions and ideas on the complicated issues we will be dealing with over this conference. We fully welcome any questions you have, and we look Leilani Elkaslasy forward to seeing you in May! Community Service Director Your Chairs,

Abby Gewirtz Olivia Pollack ([email protected]) Owen Park ([email protected]), Director of Photography Ben Greer ([email protected]), Lucas Saidenberg ([email protected]) Prez Thomas, Ben Kaiser, Max Zalta, and David Runte Senior Staff

EthicalMUN II

Hello Comrades,

Welcome to Ethical MUN II! My name is Olivia Pollack and it is my pleasure to serve as the chair of the JCC Soviet Union. I am looking forward to what promises to be an amazing conference, and most importantly, I am excited to meet and engage Theo Dassin with you all. Co-Secretary General I am currently a freshman at Fieldston and have been attending the school since I Iva Knezevic was in Kindergarten. I first got involved in Model UN in 6th grade when I joined my Co-Secretary General school’s team. Since then, I have won five awards, most recently being at the ILMUNC at Penn. Some other organizations that I am part of on campus include Alex Keswani Math Club, Girls Varsity Soccer, Finance Club, and I am about to start the Fieldston Softball team. In my free time, I like to play soccer, read, watch movies, and bake! Chief of Staff Our other chair, Owen Park, is an experienced debater who enjoys playing soccer, Jacob Greene watching movies, playing the drums and listening to music in his spare time. We Chief of Staff will be working with a talented crisis staff during this committee. Nick Shiland, Josh Sacca and Jackson Davis will be in the committee room frequently to accept notes Ryan Kelly and present crises. Vice-Secretary of Committees While this committee may start with the primary Cuban Missile Crisis, they will present many other crises pertaining to the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Cold War, Olivia Becker which you will also be tasked with solving. This requires an in-depth knowledge of Vice-Secretary of the topic and outside research. When this committee begins, on October 15, 1962, Administration the United States will have just received knowledge of the missiles you placed Cuba.

Halle Friedman In this committee, you will be tasked with solving crises relating to this and figuring out a diplomatic way out of this solution while still leveraging the threat placed in Vice-Secretary of Cuba and hopefully gaining in the process. Throughout the committee, new issues Outreach will be introduced for you to debate and solve as a committee. In the months leading

up to the conference, please do not hesitate to contact us with any questions Leilani Elkaslasy regarding Ethical MUN II or Fieldston. I look forward to meeting everyone in the Community Service spring! Director Sincerely,

Olivia Pollack ([email protected]) Co-chair of the USSR committee

JCC: USSR EthicalMUN II Joint Crisis

Committee Description History of the Cold War During October of 1962, tensions During World War II, the United rose dramatically between two major States and the Soviet Union fought together powerhouses of the world; The Soviet Union as allies against the Axis powers. However, and The United States of America. The Cold the relationship between the two nations was War was fought mainly through spies and a tense one. Americans had long been wary secrets and was essentially oil for a possible of Soviet communism and concerned about upcoming nuclear war. The Cold War had Russian leader Joseph Stalin’s tyrannical, been heightening in intensity for years blood-thirsty rule of his own country. For before, but when The Soviet Union installed their part, the Soviets resented the mid-range ballistic nuclear missiles just 90 Americans’ decades-long refusal to treat the miles off U.S. territory in Cuba, the stakes USSR as a legitimate part of the were at their highest. United States President international community as well as their John F. Kennedy and Soviet Union Premier delayed entry into World War II, which Nikita Khrushchev began a thirteen-day resulted in the deaths of tens of millions of standoff, with a third World War seeming Russians. After the war ended, these inevitable. The committee will start on the grievances ripened into an overwhelming October 16, 1962 when the American sense of mutual distrust and enmity. Postwar ExCom committee was established. Your Soviet expansionism in Eastern Europe main goal is peace or victory, the way you fueled many Americans’ fears of a Russian achieve that, however, is up to you, the plan to control the world. Meanwhile, the delegates. We hope this will be an exciting USSR came to resent what they perceived as and interesting committee for all American officials’ bellicose rhetoric, arms participants. Most importantly, Have fun! buildup and interventionist approach to international relations. In such a hostile atmosphere, no single party was entirely to blame for the Cold War; in fact, some historians believe it was inevitable. By the time World War II ended, most American officials agreed that the best defense against the Soviet threat was a

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strategy called “containment” as a result, weapon: the hydrogen bomb, or America’s only choice was the “long-term, “superbomb.” Stalin followed suit. patient but firm and vigilant containment of As a result, the stakes of the Cold Russian expansive tendencies.” President War were perilously high. The first H-bomb Harry Truman (1884-1972) agreed. “It must test showed just how fearsome the nuclear be the policy of the United States,” he age could be. It created a 25-square-mile declared before Congress in 1947, “to fireball that vaporized an island, blew a huge support free peoples who are resisting hole in the ocean floor and had the power to attempted subjugation…by outside destroy half of Manhattan. Subsequent pressures.” This way of thinking would American and Soviet tests spewed shape American foreign policy for the next poisonous radioactive waste into the four decades. atmosphere. The containment strategy also The ever-present threat of nuclear provided the rationale for an unprecedented annihilation had a great impact on American arms buildup in the United States. In 1950, a domestic life as well. People built bomb National Security Council Report known as shelters in their backyards. They practiced NSC–68 had echoed Truman’s attack drills in schools and other public recommendation that the country use places, the Cold War was a constant military force to “contain” communist presence in Americans’ everyday lives. expansionism anywhere it seemed to be The fight against subversion at home occurring. To that end, the report called for a mirrored a growing concern with the Soviet four-fold increase in defense spending. threat abroad. In June 1950, the first military In particular, American officials action of the Cold War began when the encouraged the development of atomic Soviet-backed North Korean People’s Army weapons like the ones that had ended World invaded its pro-Western neighbor to the War II. Thus, began a deadly “arms race.” In south. Many American officials feared this 1949, the Soviets tested an atom bomb of was the first step in a communist campaign their own. In response, President Truman to take over the world and deemed that announced that the United States would nonintervention was not an option. Truman build an even more destructive atomic sent the American military into Korea, but

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the war dragged to a stalemate and ended in The Cuban Missile Crisis 1953. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Almost as soon as he took office, President Soviet Union and the U.S. engaged in a 13- Richard Nixon (1913-1994) began to day political and military standoff in implement a new approach to international October 1962. The confrontation regarded relations. He suggested, why not use the movement of nuclear Soviet missiles to diplomacy instead of military action to Cuba, 90 miles from U.S. shores. Many create more poles? To that end, he Americans believed that this event could encouraged the United Nations to recognize cause the third world war. the communist Chinese government and, After seizing power of Cuba in 1959, after a trip there in 1972, began to establish leftist revolutionary leader Fidel Castro diplomatic relations with Beijing. At the aligned himself with the Soviet Union. same time, he adopted a policy of “détente”– Under Castro, Cuba grew dependent on the “relaxation”– toward the Soviet Union. In Soviets for military and economic aid. 1972, he and Soviet premier Leonid During this time, The Cold War was in full Brezhnev (1906-1982) signed the Strategic swing. When a pilot of an American spy Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I), which plane making a pass over Cuba prohibited the manufacture of nuclear photographed a Soviet SS-4 medium-range missiles by both sides and took a step ballistic missile being assembled on October toward reducing the decades-old threat of 14, 1962, the situation intensified. The nuclear war. By 1991, the Soviet Union missiles could reach the east coast of the itself had fallen apart. The Cold War was U.S. within minutes. President Kennedy over. immediately called together a group of advisors and officials known as the executive committee, or ExCom. For the next two weeks, the president and his team struggled with intense diplomatic issues. The main problem for the U.S. was that the Soviet missiles were located just 90 miles from the Floridian coastline. From that

launch point, they were capable of quickly

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reaching targets in the eastern U.S. The Questions to Consider: missiles could have changed the course of 1. What would be the ideal outcome of this the Cold War, and started a World War crisis for your position? Three of immense proportions. 2. If that is not achievable, what are some Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev had of your position goals? gambled on sending the missiles to Cuba 3. How much should you risk to win the with the specific goal of increasing his conflict? nation’s nuclear strike capability. The 4. How can you diplomatically achieve Soviets had long felt uneasy about the peace without military action? number of nuclear weapons that were 5. If military action is required, how can targeted at them from sites in Western you avoid all out nuclear obliteration? Europe and Turkey, and they saw the 6. How can you appeal to the other side deployment of missiles in Cuba as a way to while still achieving your goals? level the playing field. Another key factor in

the Soviet missile scheme was the hostile relationship between the U.S. and Cuba. The Kennedy administration had already launched one attack on the island – the failed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961 – and Castro and Khrushchev saw the missiles as a means of deterring further U.S. aggression.

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Character Background defense buildup in the U.S.. He achieved a great propaganda victory in 1961 following the failure The Premier of the Soviet Union: Nikita Khrushchev of the Bay of Pigs invasion. It was during this Nikita Khrushchev, the Premier of the Soviet time that Khrushchev first mentioned the idea of Union from 1953-1964, lead the USSR during defending Cuba with Soviet Missiles. the Cuban Missile Crisis. Following the death of Diplomatic relations were restored as of 1960, Stalin in 1953, Khrushchev was made leader of and a USSR ambassador was named to Cuba in the USSR. Unlike his predecessor Stalin, 1962. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, Khrushchev was open to foreign travelers Khrushchev sought to place Soviet ICMBs in coming to visit the USSR. Many political Cuba, and managed to persuade Cuban Dictator reforms also happened under Khrushchev, which Fidel Castro to do so. included the political crimes being generally barred from courts unless approved. Khrushchev Cuban Prime Minister: Fidel Castro also imposed less harsh punishments against Fidel Castro was the Cuban Prime Minister from politicians if found guilty, at worst simply 1959-2008, and lead Cuban through the Cuban removing them from the party. Many youths Missile Crisis. Fulgencio Batista, the prime found themselves exempted from the military minister of Cuba, had been very friendly under Khrushchev as well. Foreign relations towards the U.S. and during the elections, it was concerning Khrushchev himself did not generate reported that the U.S. government helped to positive views. He abandoned the idea of back Batista and his regime. In response, Castro building a navy in 1955, and instead chose to started to plan an uprising in response, as he defend the USSR with missiles instead. In 1960, detested what Batista and his regime stood for. the USSR had improved relations with the U.S., Castro fled to Mexico where he met Ernesto which Khrushchev took advantage of to reduce “Che” Guevara, and planned his return. The the Soviet armed forces by a third; claiming that following year, Castro and 81 revolutionaries missiles would fill this gap in the military. sailed to the eastern coast of Cuba where they Though the USSR did not have many ICBMs were ambushed by government forces. In 1959, operable, Khrushchev boasted about the state of Castro became the Prime Minister of Cuba. This their missile program, in an attempt to intimidate allowed Castro to take seat as Prime Minister of the West. Khrushchev continued this Cuba. The same year, Castro aligned Cuba with propaganda, despite the fact that high level U.S. Soviet Union, relying on them for economic and officials knew about the poor state the ICBMs military Support. A year later, Castro took were in. He later proposed that there was a control of U.S. businesses in Cuba, which ‘missile gap’ in the U.S. which caused a massive caused the U.S. to place a trade embargo and cut

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diplomatic relations with Cuba. In April 1961, facilitated Cuba's transformation into a the CIA attempted the Bay of Pigs Invasion in communist state. By 1960, Guevara had become an attempt to topple Castro from his seat in the ambassador to Cuba, and would travel to government. This attempt failed, as many plans meet with many countries. Most notable were were not executed correctly, leading to the his visits to the Soviet Union. It was Guevara capture of many exiles. Castro had also declared that helped to place the Soviet missiles in Cuba. himself a Marxist-Leninist by that time. He He also helped to fend off the Bay of Pigs agreed to let the Soviet Union place missiles in invasion, leading Cuban forces to meet the U.S. Cuba in 1962, just a mere 90 miles away from invasion. the Floridian Coastline. This was in response to the fear of another invasion by the U.S. Brother of Fidel Castro and Commander in- Chief of the Cuban Armed Forces: Raùl Castro Advisor to Fidel Castro and Military Official Raùl Castro (1931-) was the commander in-chief of Cuba: Che Guevara of the Cuban Armed Forces from 1959-2008. Ernesto “Che” Guevara was a theoretician and Castro was born in 1931 Birán, Cuba as the son tactician of guerrilla warfare, and had a large of a Galician father and a Cuban During his hand in the Cuban Revolution that resulted in youth, he became a committed socialist, and the rise of Fidel Castro. In 1954, he traveled to joined the Socialist Youth. The Socialist Youth Mexico where he met Fidel and Raùl Castro, was an affiliate of the Cuban Communist Party, who had both been exiled from Cuba. They were run by the Soviets. In 1953, Raùl Castro met the both plotting to overthrow dictator Fulgencio Soviet KGB agent Nikolai Leonov, and again in Batista in Cuba, which Guevara decided to aid. 1955 while in exile. Such meetings helped to Guevara first served Castro in the position of make good ties with Cuba and the Soviet Union, doctor, though he also trained in weapons use. especially after the Cuban Revolution. During After Castro’s forces took out the Batista regime the Cuban Revolution, Raùl Castro played an in 1959, Guevara served for a few months as the important role in acting as Fidel Castro’s right- head of the La Cabana prison. During this time, hand man, leading several attacks against he was known to have made several attacks on Dictator Batista. He also was key in gaining U.S policies. Guevara served as the president of soldiers for Castro’s army during the the National Bank of Cuba, as well as several Revolution. In 1959, Fidel Castro became the other government positions. Through numerous Prime Minister of Cuba following the speeches and manuals, Guevara created the Revolution. After the revolution, Raúl Castro image of a socialist citizen whose main focus became a member of the Integrated was the well-being of the society rather than Revolutionary Organization and the United personal game. During this time, he greatly 6

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Party of the Socialist Revolution of Cuba. Castro Defense Minister of the Soviet Union: Rodion Malinovsky contributed in actions to the events leading up to Rodion Malinovsky (1898-1967) was a Marshal the Bay of Pigs Invasion, and subsequently the of the Soviet Union and Defense Minister of the Cuban Missile Crisis. He signed a secret Soviet Union in the late 1950s early 1960s. For document with the Soviets that allowed for the most of his career, he served in the Russian USSR to place missiles in Cuba. military as a commanding officer. His high

ranking in events such as World War II Third Chairman of the KGB: Vladimir distinguished him as an esteemed general, Semichastny Vladimir Semichastny was the 3rd Chairman of winning him many awards. Under Khrushchev, the KGB from 1961-1967 under Nikita Malinovsky was made the Commander in Chief Khrushchev. Prior to the KGB, he served of the Soviet Ground Forces, and the Minister of various other high-ranking government Defense in 1957. He widely supported the positions. Semichastny later became the placement of strategic nuclear missiles, but saw Chairman of the KGB in 1961 under Nikita them as a useful deterrent of war. Malinovsky Khrushchev. While in said position, he was also opposed to the idea that nuclear continued the support for national liberation warfare could win a global war. He argued that movements, suppression of nationalism, and the the deciding factor would be the deciding factor recruitment of university graduates into the in any standoff. As such, he tried to minimize KGB. Semichastny also emphasized the the reduction of ground troops under development of Soviet satellites for security and Khrushchev, and would hang onto this idea intelligence purposes, as well as assisting ground through the Cuban Missile Crisis. This caused forces in the Vietnam War. However, despite his Soviet military policy to be split between policies, Semichastny had very little to no Khrushchev’s ideologies and Malinovsky. experience in such a field, and caused him to rely on other department heads. Though Chief Army General of the Soviet Union: Issa Pliyev Khrushchev was fond of Semichastny, the two Issa Pliyev (1903-1979) was the Chief Army rarely met with each other, though Semichastny General of the Soviet Union under Nikita would always brief Khrushchev. He was also Khrushchev. On April 27, 1962, Pliyev was responsible for coordinating all the information promoted to Army General, first using his power he received from abroad during the Cuban to suppress riots. He was also put in charge of Missile Crisis. Soviet ground forces stationed in Cuba by

Khrushchev. Due to his position, Pliyev was also given permission to employ the nine tactical

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Luna missiles for the defense of Cuba against Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet: Leonid Brezhnev the U.S. Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982) was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet. Deputy Commander in Chief: Giorgi Brezhnev fought for the Red Army during Abashvili Giorgi Abashvili (1910-1982) was the Deputy World War II. It was during this time that he met Commander in Chief to Issa Pliyev. During the Khrushchev, and became his protégé. Six years Cuban Missile Crisis, he was against the later, Brezhnev was promoted to the Central immediate use of force during crisis delays, and Committee and then again to full member of was rumored to have prevented a launch of a Politburo. After Stalin’s death, Brezhnev was missile. appointed the Political Directorate of the Army and Navy. Brezhnev’s views were mainly First Deputy Chairman of the Council of conservative, and rarely acted on his own Ministers: Anastas Mikoyan accord. Under Khrushchev, he was involved in Anastas Mikoyan (1895-1978) was the First the development of Soviet missile and nuclear Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of arms, as well as the Soviet space program. the Soviet Union from 1955-1964. Most notably,

Mikoyan was one of the first Soviet leaders to Minister of Foreign Affairs: Sergey Lapin pay goodwill trips to the U.S. to books economic Sergey Lapin (1912-1990) was the minister of cooperation. When Khrushchev took office, foreign affairs under Nikita Khrushchev. He Mikoyan helped him prepare the Secret Speech began his work in diplomacy as Counsellor at denouncing Stalin and his policies. He also the Embassy of the Soviet Union. In 1962, he helped undo some of Stalin’s work regarding the was promoted as the Deputy Minister of Foreign restriction of nationalism and culture. Mikoyan Affairs of the USSR. vehemently backed Khrushchev while in office, which made him one of Khrushchev’s closest Director of the Foreign Ministry Department allies. During the late 1950s, Mikoyan was of the USSR: Anatoly Dobrynin Anatoly Dobrynin (1919-2010) was the Director Khrushchev’s primary emissary to the U.S. to of the Foreign Ministry Department of the discuss policies that would affect Soviet-U.S. USSR under Khrushchev. In 1952, he was a relations. He wanted for the U.S and USSR to Soviet counselor in Washington. Later, he was get along, and made speeches during his visits to made the deputy secretary general at the United the U.S. about such matters. In events leading up Nations in 1957. Upon his returning to to the Cuban Missile Crisis, he supported the Moscow, he held the position of the Head of the idea of the USSR backing Cuba. Foreign Ministry’s Department of the United

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States and Canada. Though he was involved in the General Staff. A year later he also was made relations with the west, in political views, he the Deputy Minister of Defense. was very rigid in maintaining Soviet interests. As such he would not show any willingness to Marshal of the Soviet Union: Andrei Grechko discuss several foreign matters that could Andrei Grechko (1903-1976) was a Marshal of compromise the USSR in any way. He was the Soviet Union. He joined the Communist responsible for coordinating information Party in 1928. During World War II, he between the USSR and the Kennedys during established himself as an experienced general, several points in the Cuban Missile Crisis. making him one of the very few military experts Dobrynin was also responsible for briefing in the field. In 1955, he was promoted, along Khrushchev after each meeting he had with the with other notable generals to Marshal of the U.S. Soviet Union. He briefly held the titles of Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces from 1957-1960, and the Commander in Chief of the Foreign Minister of Cuba: Raùl Roa García Raùl García (1907-1982) was the Foreign Warsaw Pact Forces from 1960-1967. He was Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 under Fidel greatly responsible for helping to modernize the Castro. He was a declared Marxist-Leninist, and Soviet Military as well as maintaining its held a strong belief in the sovereignty of Cuba strength. and resentment of imperialism. After Castro took power following the Cuban Revolution, García was made Foreign Minister. While in this position, he had gone on record to bash the U.S.’s responses to Soviet influence in Cuba, attacking the Eisenhower Administration after it threatened to place an embargo on sugar exports.

Chief of the General Staff: Matvei Zakharov Matvei Zakharov (1898-1972) was the Chief of the General Staff under Nikita Khrushchev. Zakharov held many high-ranking positions during World War II, establishing himself as a powerful military leader. In 1959, Zakharov was made the Marshal of the Soviet Union, simultaneously being made the Chief of

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Portfolio Powers Cuban Prime Minister (Fidel Castro): $2.6 billion, 200,000 troops The Premier of the Soviet Union (Nikita As a major part of Russia’s threat to the United Khrushchev) Nikita Khrushchev, the premier of the Soviet States, Russia has placed powerful missiles Union. has control over 600 nuclear warheads around the country. Fidel Castro has a say in ready for launch. 36 of which have the capability many negotiations and are an advisor to Nikita of travelling from the Soviet Union to the U.S. Khrushchev. As the president, Castro’s word He has control over medium range missiles in has a lot of weight in the mind of both his people Cuba and 40,000 troops in Cuba. As the leader and global leaders. However, he doesn’t have of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev has any definite say in the use of Soviet troops or major control over military and political actions weapons. If you refute a soviet operation in for the overall Soviet Union. However, his main Cuban territory, it will be considered by crisis focus is the wellbeing of Russia. His total troop and could affect the result of the operation. He count is 4.5 million. must have approval from one of the most important of his advisors (Che Guevara and Raùl For military actions, approval must be obtained Castro), for a major operation. He is also one of from at least one military advisor for minor the delegates permitted to directly converse with military actions and two for major military delegates from the JCC US. He may pass notes actions. favorable action from crisis. Military to them through crisis or directly converse with advisors include Rodion Malinovsky, Issa them outside the committee room under the Pliyev, Giorgi Abashvili, Matvei Zakharov and chair’s discretion. Andrei Grechko. For missile related matters, you must have consent from Giorgi Abashvili or Issa Advisor to Fidel Castro and Military Official Pliyev. For actions regarding action in or in of Cuba (Che Guevara) As close advisor to Fidel Castro, you have accordance with Cuba, approval from at least 2 influence on major decisions. With the support representatives of Cuba is required. One of of Fidel Castro, you have Cuba’s full forces. As them has to be Fidel Castro and the other can be a leading revolutionary in an unpopular regime, one of Che Guevara, Raùl Castro and Raùl Roa you will have the burden of public opinion. If García. He is also one of the delegates permitted you refute a soviet operation in Cuban territory, to directly converse with delegates from the JCC it will be considered by crisis and could affect US. He may pass notes to them through crisis or the result of the operation. directly converse with them outside the committee room under the chair’s discretion.

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Brother of Fidel Castro and Commander in- include Issa Pliyev, Giorgi Abashvili and Andrei Chief of the Cuban Armed Forces (Raùl Grechko, Matvei Zakharov and Nikita Castro) As close advisor and brother to Fidel Castro, you Khrushchev. All Russian missile projects have influence on major decisions. As require his consent. commander-in-chief of military forces however, you have major power over the military. You Director of the Foreign Ministry Department have the say in which military actions take place of the USSR (Anatoly Dobrynin) As the Director of the Foreign Ministry under your own troops. Cuba has 200,000 Department of the USSR, Anatoly Dobrynin are troops, with 40,000 Soviet troops occupying charged with negotiating talks between the U.S. Cuba. The mid-range Soviet missiles are not and the Soviet Union. He has the ability to under your control. If you refute a Soviet schedule meetings with representatives of the operation in Cuban territory, it will be U.S. side, and will be part of major meetings considered by crisis and could affect the result concerning these issues. He is also tasked with of the operation. coordinating visits from foreign leaders. He was

Third Chairman of the KGB (Vladimir slightly higher in the chain of command than Semichastny) Sergey Lapin. He had many relations with the As a chair of the KGB, Semichastny holds an U.S. before this crisis. He is also one of the essential role in the protection of the Soviet delegates permitted to directly converse with Union. This includes rooting out spies and delegates from the U.S. He may pass notes to protecting the secrets of his nation. Semichastny them through crisis or directly converse with main goal is to keep the U.S. in the dark before them outside the committee room under the every action and creating propaganda to retain chair’s discretion. the support of and fire up his people. Methods

may include releasing information, both true and Chief Army General of the Soviet Union (Issa untrue, through a Russian news agency available Pliyev) to the U.S. You and Nikita Khrushchev have almost complete power over the military operations Defense Minister of the Soviet Union (Rodion involving troop action and missiles. Your Malinovsky) military has 4.5 million troops and 600 missiles. As defense minister for the Soviet Union, 36 of which can reach U.S. For military related Rodion Malinovsky is a major consultant on action, either his or Giorgi Abashvili’s approval military matters. He can take initiative on is required for the premier to complete military missile projects and action, but requires sign off actions. He can complete military actions with from three or more military advisors for the approval of the president. You are also favorable action from crisis. Military advisors 11

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responsible for the deployment of missiles when with them outside the committee room under the ordered. chair’s discretion.

Deputy Commander in Chief (Giorgi First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Abashvili) Ministers (Anastas Mikoyan) As the deputy commander-in-chief to Issa As first deputy chairman of the council of Pliyev, Giorgi Abashvili shares military ministers, Anastas Mikoyan is essentially second responsibility with the leaders of the Soviet in command in the USSR. He is one of the faces Union. For military related action, either his or of the Soviet Union and is in charge of Issa Pliyev approval is required. He can propaganda. He is able to release a press release complete military actions with the approval of as well as make public statements using the the president. “global news source”. Anastas works closely with Leonid Brezhnev to keep the public eye Minister of Foreign Affairs (Sergey Lapin) satisfied. He and Leonid control the viewpoint As the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sergey Lapin of his country. This is vital to quelling rebellions is charged with negotiating talks between the or outbreaks U.S. and the Soviet Union. He has the ability to schedule meetings with representatives of the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme U.S. side, and will be part of major meetings Soviet (Leonid Brezhnev) As the Chairman of the Presidium of the concerning these issues. He is also tasked with Supreme Soviet, you are tasked with being the coordinating visits from foreign leaders. He is Head of State. However, you must adhere to also one of the delegates permitted to directly Nikita Khrushchev, your power and ability are converse with delegates from the U.S. He may in accordance with Anastas Mikoyan for pass notes to them through crisis or directly propaganda and major viewpoints. He is able to converse with them outside the committee room release a press release as well as make public under the chair’s discretion. statements using the “global news source”.

Foreign Minister of Cuba (Raùl Roa García) As the Foreign Minister of Cuba, Raùl Roa Chief of the General Staff (Matvei Zakharov) As the Chief of General Staff, you have control García is tasked with negotiating talks between over The Armed Forces of the USSR. You are Cuba and the other two powers. He is also one tasked with overseeing the operational of the delegates permitted to directly converse management of armed forces overseas in Cuba with delegates from the JCC US. He may pass and other territories, as well as in the USSR. The notes to them through crisis or directly converse premier can “veto” your military actions, as can

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Giorgi Abashvili and Sergey Lapin if they both veto. Marshal of the Soviet Union (Andrei Grechko) As a marshal, Andrei Grechko is the highest ranking military officer. He is one of the military advisor He can complete military actions with the permission of three or more higher military officials. They are Matvei Zakharov, Giorgi Abashvili, Issa Pliyev, and Rodion Malinovsky, or the Premier, Nikita Khrushchev.

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