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The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography
Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid. -
La Gaule Indépendante Et La Gaule Romaine
LA GAULE INDÉPENDANTE ET LA GAULE ROMAINE GUSTAVE BLOCH PARIS – 1900 TOME PREMIER DE L'HISTOIRE DE FRANCE DEPUIS LES ORIGINES JUSQU'À LA RÉVOLUTION, D'ERNEST LAVISSE PREMIÈRE PARTIE. — LES ORIGINES. - LA GAULE INDÉPENDANTE. - LA CONQUÊTE ROMAINE LIVRE PREMIER. — LES ORIGINES CHAPITRE PREMIER. — LES SOCIÉTÉS PRIMITIVES I. - L'âge de la pierre taillée — II . - L'âge de la pierre polie — III . - L'âge des métaux CHAPITRE II. — LES PEUPLES HISTORIQUES I. - Les Ibères et les Ligures — II . - Les Phéniciens et Marseille — III . - Les Celtes et leurs migrations — IV . - Les peuples de la Gaule LIVRE II. — LA GAULE INDÉPENDANTE ET LA CONQUÊTE ROMAINE CHAPITRE PREMIER. — LA GAULE INDÉPENDANTE I. - La civilisation — II . - La religion — III . - La religion (suite). Le sacerdoce druidique — IV . - Les institutions sociales et politiques — V. - Les luttes dans les cités et entre les cités CHAPITRE II. — LA CONQUÊTE ROMAINE I. - La conquête et l'organisation de la province transalpine (154-58 av. J.-C.) — II . - Les campagnes de César (58-50 av. J.-C.) — III . - Les caractères et les effets de la conquête — IV . - Les insurrections du premier siècle ap. J.-C. DEUXIÈME PARTIE. — LA GAULE ROMAINE LIVRE PREMIER. — LE GOUVERNEMENT DE LA GAULE AU Ier ET AU IIe SIÈCLES AP. J.-C. CHAPITRE PREMIER. — LE GOUVERNEMENT CENTRAL I. - La monarchie impériale — II . - Les circonscriptions provinciales — III . - Les circonscriptions provinciales (suite). La frontière germanique — IV . - Les gouverneurs des provinces. La justice — V. - L'impôt — VI . - Le service militaire. L'armée gallo- germanique CHAPITRE II. — LE GOUVERNEMENT LOCAL I. - La religion impériale et les assemblées provinciales — II . - Les états ou cités. -
The Gallic War - Book Iii (56 Bc)
JULIUS CAESAR (GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR, 100-44 BC) THE GALLIC WAR - BOOK III (56 BC) TRANSLATED BY W.A. MCDEVITTE AND W.S. BOHN ________________________________________ DE BELLO GALLICO - LIBER TERTIUS § 3:1. When Caesar was setting out for Italy, he sent Servius Galba with the twelfth legion and part of the cavalry, against the Nantuates, the Veragri, and Seduni, who extend from the territories of the Allobroges, and the lake of Geneva, and the River Rhone to the top of the Alps. The reason for sending him was, that he desired that the pass along the Alps, through which [the Roman] merchants had been accustomed to travel with great danger, and under great imposts, should be opened. He permitted him, if he thought it necessary, to station the legion in these places, for the purpose of wintering. Galba having fought some successful battles and stormed several of their forts, upon embassadors being sent to him from all parts and hostages given and a peace concluded, determined to station two cohorts among the Nantuates, and to winter in person with the other cohorts of that legion in a village of the Veragri, which is called Octodurus; and this village being situated in a valley, with a small plain annexed to it, is bounded on all sides by very high mountains. As this village was divided into two parts by a river, he granted one part of it to the Gauls, and assigned the other, which had been left by them unoccupied, to the cohorts to winter in. He fortified this [latter] part with a rampart and a ditch. -
Liste Des Peuples Celtes 1 Liste Des Peuples Celtes
Liste des peuples celtes 1 Liste des peuples celtes Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (mars 2013). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». (Modifier l'article [1] ) Cet article a pour vocation de servir d'index des peuples celtes ou à caractère celtique. Le nom latin du peuple est donné entre parenthèses lorsque le nom francisé sert de titre à l'article détaillé. Gaule cisalpine Sud du Pô • Boïens (boii) • Lingons (lingones) • Sénons (senones) Nord du Pô • Cénomans (cenomani) • Insubres (insubri) • Taurins (taurini) • Carni Peuples de moindre importance établies au nord du Pô et dominées un temps par les Insubres : Les peuples de la Gaule cisalpine 391-192 av. J.-C. • Anares • Comasques • Laevi • Libici • Lépontiens (lepontii) • Marici • Orobiens (orobii, orumbovii) • Salasses (salassi) Liste des peuples celtes 2 Gaule transalpine Gaule Belgique Article détaillé : Liste des peuples de la Gaule belgique. Remarque : Tous les peuples belges n'étaient probablement pas des Celtes au sens propre du terme, mais leur aristocratie était celtisée. • Aduatuques • Ambiens (Ambiani) • Atrebates (Atrebates) • Bellovaques (Bellovaci) • Caeroesi • Calètes (Caletes) • Catalaunes • Catuslogues (Catuslogi) • Condruses (Condrusi) • Éburons • Geidumnes (Geidumni) • Leuques (Leuci) • Médiomatriques (Mediomatrici) • Ménapiens ou Ménapes (Menapii) • Morins (Morini) • Nerviens (Nervii) • Pémanes (Paemani) • Rèmes (Remi) • Sègnes (Segni) • Silvanectes (Silvanectes) • Suessions (Suessiones) • Tongres (Tungri) • Trévires (treveri) • Tricasses • Viromanduens (Viromandui) Liste des peuples celtes 3 Gaule Celtique Remarque : La Gaule Celtique était habitée par les Celtes. -
Coins and Power in Late Iron Age Britain
JOHN CREIGHTON Coins and Power in Late Iron Age Britain published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York ny 10011–4211, USA www.cup.org 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia Ruiz de Alarco´n 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain © John Creighton 2000 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 2000 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Plantin 10/12pt [vn] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library isbn 0 521 77207 9 hardback CONTENTS List of Wgures page viii List of tables x Preface xi Acknowledgements xii List of abbreviations xiii Note on translations used xiv Introduction 1 1 The Middle to Late Iron Age transition 4 2 Coin and the representation of individual authority 22 3 The Southern and Eastern kingdoms 55 4 Classical imagery and ideology in Britain 80 5 The location of Britain in the Roman world 126 6 Legends and language 146 7 Dynasties and identities 174 8 Conclusion and epilogue: from Britain to Britannia 216 Appendix: A brief introduction to Iron Age coinage in Britain 222 References 228 Index of coin types 238 General index 241 vii FIGURES Fig. 2.1 The development of coinage in northern Europe from the Phillipus to its regional successors page 27 Fig. -
Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum (Hrsg.)
SONDERDRUCK AUS MONOGRAPHIEN des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Band 100 Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Forschungsinstitut für Archäologie Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum (Hrsg.) HONESTA MISSIONE FESTSCHRIFT FÜR BARBARA PFERDEHIRT Mit Beiträgen von Cristina-Georgeta Alexandrescu · Thomas Becker · Eugenia Beu-Dachin Paul Bidwell · Joanna Bird · Szilvia Bíró · Ronald Bockius · Jérémie Chameroy Sorin Cociş · Geoffrey B. Dannell · Werner Eck · Annette Frey · Lothar Giels Nicolae Gudea · Peter Henrich · Nick Hodgson · Thomas Ibeling · Katarzyna Ibra- gimow · Bernard Lambot · Ulla Lund Hansen · Allard W. Mees · Andreas Pangerl Marinella Pasquinucci · Marinus Polak · Dieter Quast · Gabriele Rasbach Michel Reddé · Marcus Reuter · Markus Scholz · Martin Schönfelder Florian Ströbele · Jaroslav Tejral · Andreas Thiel · Vladimir Turčan Meike Weber · Peter Weiß Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 2014 Redaktion: Claudia Nickel, Marie Röder, Markus Scholz (RGZM) Satz: Dieter Imhäuser, Hofheim a. T. Umschlaggestaltung: Reinhard Köster, Fotos Volker Iserhardt (RGZM) Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-88467-196-2 ISSN 0171-1474 © 2014 Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die dadurch begründeten Rechte, insbesondere die der Übersetzung, des Nachdrucks, der -
A Genetic Signal of Central European Celtic Ancestry: Preliminary Research Concerning Y-Chromosomal Marker S28 (Part 2)
A Genetic Signal of Central European Celtic Ancestry: Preliminary Research Concerning Y-Chromosomal Marker S28 (Part 2) Hallstatt Culture: 720 to 600 BC and 600 BC to 480 BC (Ha C and D) This interval represents a time of major changes in Europe, in the regions once characterized by the Pfyn and related cultures with roots extending back to the Neolithic, and the Urnfield groups which would morph into the peoples of the Hallstatt tradition with their characteristic elite burials. Artist rendition of typical rich Hallstatt inhumation burials Kristiansen (1998) proposes that the movement of Hallstatt C warrior elite spread across Central and Western Europe, at a time when trade routes to the north diminished. However those in the eastern tier maintained links to the Lusatian culture and the Baltic regions, with a continued emphasis on trade in amber and mining of salt in the immediate surrounds of Hallstatt in Austria. Hallstatt is actually at the southeastern tip of what was a very large oval shaped territory with the center of gravity northwest of the Alps. In Reinecke’s system of dating, this period is known as Hallstatt C and D. Hallstatt C (earliest phase) is characterized by rich horse and wagon burials (containing ornate horse tack) and includes the region from western Hungary to the Upper Danube. Hallstatt D is represented by a chiefdom zone and elite burials further to the west, with settlements concentrated near the headwaters of every major river from the Loire, to the Seine, Rhone, Rhine and Danube. The geographical re-alignment was likely a function of the establishment of a Greek (Phoecian) trading center in Massilia (Marseilles), circa 600 BC. -
Kings of the World
BITURIGES – Kings of the World ‘These men also he sent back, calling them friends, and ranking them as allies, only adding the remark that the Celts were braggarts’. (Arrianus. The Anabasis of Alexander (4) While many attributes have been associated with the Ancient Celts, modesty is certainly not one of them. From their very first appearance in recorded history classical authors note their tendency for exaggeration and boasting. In 335 BC a Celtic delegation met with Alexander the Great on the Danube during armistice and alliance negotiations. Of this encounter we are informed - ‘And Ptolemaeus, the son of Lagus, says that on this expedition the Celti who lived about the Adriatic joined Alexander for the sake of establishing friendship and hospitality, and that the king received them kindly and asked them when drinking what it was that they most feared, thinking they would say himself, but that they replied they feared no one, unless it were that Heaven might fall on them’ (Strabo vii, 3,8; see also Arrianus Anab. I, 4, 6-8). This supreme self-confidence is duly reflected in Celtic personal and tribal names, which tend to be particularly descriptive. Compare, for example, names such as Esumaro meaning 'He Who Is Great As (the God) Esus' (Ellis Evans (1967) = GPN – p. 449-450), Atepomarus - ‘He Who Has A Very Great Horse’ (GPN 52-53), Branogeni - ‘He Who Is Born of the Raven’ (McManus/1991:105), Cunorix = ‘The Hound-King’ (Wright/Jackson 1968), Sumeli (f.) – ‘Sweet as Honey’ (GPN:114-116; Matasovic 2009 = EDPC:163) or Catumarus (EDPC:195), whose name means ‘He Who Is Great in Battle’. -
Caesar Thesis Final Draft
A Literary and Narratological Reading of Titurius Sabinus and Quintus Cicero in Julius Caesar’s Bellum Gallicum By Wesley J. Hanson Submitted to the graduate degree program in Classics and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. _____________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Anthony Corbeill _____________________________________ Dr. Emma Scioli _____________________________________ Dr. Tara Welch Date Defended: May 8, 2015 ii The Thesis Committee for Wesley J. Hanson certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: A Literary and Narratological Reading of Titurius Sabinus and Quintus Cicero in Julius Caesar’s Bellum Gallicum _____________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Anthony Corbeill Date Approved: May 8, 2015 iii Abstract This thesis argues that the characters of Titurius Sabinus and Quintus Cicero, as depicted by Caesar in his Bellum Gallicum, fulfill a narrative function that furthers the political aims of Caesar’s text. I start by arguing that there are three Caesars present in the Bellum Gallicum, employing Gérard Genette’s three definitions of “narrative” as a model: Caesar the historical author, Caesar the narrative voice, and Caesar the character. I also argue that Caesar the author writes in the “zero degree,” a term Roland Barthes created to describe a seemingly unadorned writing style. When characterizing Sabinus and Cicero, Caesar will occasionally break his degree zero style to pass judgment (frequently implicit rather than explicit) on the two men and their actions. Through this process Caesar establishes his narrative voice as an arbiter of proper military conduct: when an officer acts in accordance with what the narrative voice approves, he is shown to be successful in the field. -
1 WESTERN EUROPE. Southern Gaul. Sotiates (Circa 2Nd-St Century BC). AR Drachm. Obv: Stylized Head Left. Rev: Cross with Pellets
1 WESTERN EUROPE. Southern Gaul. Sotiates (Circa 2nd-st century BC). AR Drachm. Obv: Stylized head left. Rev: Cross with pellets in angles, crescents enclosing each quadrant. DLT 3015. Condition: Near extremely fine. Weight: 2.85 g. Diameter: 13 mm. Starting price: 100 EUR Estimate: 125 EUR 2 WESTERN EUROPE. Central Gaul. (End of 1st-early 2th century BC). GOLD Stater. Obv: Stylized head right. Rev: Stylized charioteer and biga right. D&T 2536 A-B. Condition: Good very fine. Weight: 7.10 g. Diameter: 21 mm. Starting price: 400 EUR Estimate: 500 EUR 3 EASTERN EUROPE. Imitations of Philip II of Macedon (2nd-1st centuries BC). Tetradrachm. "Audoleon/Vogelreiter" type. Obv: Stylized laureate head of Zeus right. Rev: Stylized rider, with eagle-tipped staff, on horse prancing right. Lanz 673; OTA 336/2. Condition: Very fine. Weight: 14.32 g. Diameter: 24 mm. Starting price: 400 EUR Estimate: 500 EUR 4 EASTERN EUROPE. Imitations of Philip III of Macedon (3rd-2nd centuries BC). Drachm. Obv: Head of Herakles right, wearing lion skin. Rev: ΛΛΙΠΙIII. Zeus seated left on throne, holding eagle and sceptre. Control: Monogram in left field. Cf. Lanz 934-39. Condition: Very fine. Weight: 3.61 g. Diameter: 18 mm. Starting price: 400 EUR Estimate: 500 EUR 5 EASTERN EUROPE. Imitations of Roman Republican. Denarius. Imitating C. Thalna. Obv: Stylized helmeted head of Roma right; X (mark of value) to left. Rev: C TAL / ROMA. Stylized Victory, holding reins and whip, driving biga right. Cf. Rauch 105, lot 26; cf. Crawford 202/1a (for prototype). Condition: Good very fine. -
The Role of Battle Narrative in the Bellum Gallicum
The Role of Battle Narrative in the Bellum Gallicum by David Jonathon Nolan [email protected] School of Humanities --------------------------------------------------------------------- David Nolan Word Count: 93,060 (excluding Latin passages) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania November 2014 Abstract of the Dissertation The Role of Battle Narrative in the Bellum Gallicum By David Jonathon Nolan Supervisor Dr. Geoffrey Adams This thesis examines the role of battle narrative in the Bellum Gallicum, to show that these passages, including contextual information, are fundamentally persuasive in nature as they are integrated into Caesarʼs various self-promotional aims. To date a comprehensive analysis has not been undertaken of battle, and where it has been examined by military historians, investigations have often relied on the idea that these passages are primarily designed to reconstruct the details of the historical event. The thesis instead uses case studies to show these passages are not merely an attempt to describe historical events, but are fundamentally influenced by the desire to influence the audience. This can be a simple matter of reception, whether through the building of tension in the narrative, or the creation of a compelling account of a particular battle. More often however battle is used in conjunction with the campaign narrative to create an impression, or support an argument regarding Caesarʼs interpretation of the episode, as battles are part of the interpretive structure of the text, where information conveys his self-promotional objectives. Furthermore, a major objective of these accounts is to support Caesarʼs view of the various characters portrayed, and the narrative is used to create or encourage views of the individuals and peoples involved. -
Luciano Golzi Saporiti. I Toponimi Del Seprio
LUCIANO GOLZI SAPORITI. I TOPONIMI DEL SEPRIO 0 LUCIANO GOLZI SAPORITI. I TOPONIMI DEL SEPRIO I TOPONIMI DEL SEPRIO INTRODUZIONE Le etimologie proposte per buona parte dei toponimi del Seprio e delle aree immediatamente adiacenti risultano spesso fantasiose, dubbie e contraddittorie: scopo di questo studio è di tentare di stabilirne l’origine e il significato reali. Ricordiamo, innanzitutto, che i nomi di luogo, quando furono attribuiti, avevano un significato preciso e comprensibile, quasi sempre legato ad una divinità, al nome di una persona o a qualche visibile caratteristica fisica del territorio. A seconda delle epoche e delle mode, cambiarono i criteri di denominazione, ma rimasero sempre “semplici” spesso ripetitivi, come oggi i vari Albergo Bellavista, Ristorante della Posta, Trattoria da Giovanni, Residence Lago Blu, Villa Francesca, Cascina Bianchi, Santa Maria di..., Podere del Roveto, Grand Hôtel Terme, Villaggio le Ginestre, eccetera. In un lungo periodo di colonizzazione agricola del territorio, risultarono sempre particolarmente popolari i toponimi “prediali”, indicanti cioè il nome del fondatore e primo proprietario dell’insediamento. Ben raramente le località furono “ribattezzate”, ma i loro nomi subirono radicali modifiche, legate alle variazioni progressive della lingua e della pronuncia; con il passare del tempo, l’origine dei toponimi fu dimenticata e il loro significato divenne incomprensibile. Facciamo degli esempi. Sabaudia, Carbonia e Latina [già Littoria] sono toponimi recenti; ne conosciamo sia il significato che l’origine: tra una generazione saranno dimenticati. Montechiaro, Villafranca, Castelnuovo, Roncaccio sono toponimi medievali ancora comprensibili: abbiamo però dimenticato perchè si chiamino così. Di Busto, Varese, Tradate e Abbiate non conosciamo il significato nè l’origine: possiamo solo ipotizzarli.