La Gaule Indépendante Et La Gaule Romaine
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Keltoi and Hellenes: a Study of the Celts in the Hellenistic World
KELTOI AND THE HELLENES A STUDY OF THE CELTS IN THE HELLENISTIC WoRU) PATRICK EGAN In the third century B.C. a large body ofCeltic tribes thrust themselves violently into the turbulent world of the Diadochoi,’ immediately instilling fear, engendering anger and finally, commanding respect from the peoples with whom they came into contact. Their warlike nature, extreme hubris and vigorous energy resembled Greece’s own Homeric past, but represented a culture, language and way of life totally alien to that of the Greeks and Macedonians in this period. In the years that followed, the Celts would go on to ravage Macedonia, sack Delphi, settle their own “kingdom” and ifil the ranks of the Successors’ armies. They would leave indelible marks on the Hellenistic World, first as plundering barbaroi and finally, as adapted, integral elements and members ofthe greatermulti-ethnic society that was taking shape around them. This paper will explore the roles played by the Celts by examining their infamous incursions into Macedonia and Greece, their phase of settlement and occupation ofwhat was to be called Galatia, their role as mercenaries, and finally their transition and adaptation, most noticeably on the individual level, to the demands of the world around them. This paper will also seek to challenge some of the traditionally hostile views held by Greek historians regarding the role, achievements, and the place the Celts occupied as members, not simply predators, of the Hellenistic World.2 19 THE DAWN OF THE CELTS IN THE HELLENISTIC WORLD The Celts were not unknown to all Greeks in the years preceding the Deiphic incursion of February, 279. -
The Herodotos Project (OSU-Ugent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography
Faculty of Literature and Philosophy Julie Boeten The Herodotos Project (OSU-UGent): Studies in Ancient Ethnography Barbarians in Strabo’s ‘Geography’ (Abii-Ionians) With a case-study: the Cappadocians Master thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Linguistics and Literature, Greek and Latin. 2015 Promotor: Prof. Dr. Mark Janse UGent Department of Greek Linguistics Co-Promotores: Prof. Brian Joseph Ohio State University Dr. Christopher Brown Ohio State University ACKNOWLEDGMENT In this acknowledgment I would like to thank everybody who has in some way been a part of this master thesis. First and foremost I want to thank my promotor Prof. Janse for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis in the context of the Herodotos Project, and for giving me suggestions and answering my questions. I am also grateful to Prof. Joseph and Dr. Brown, who have given Anke and me the chance to be a part of the Herodotos Project and who have consented into being our co- promotores. On a whole other level I wish to express my thanks to my parents, without whom I would not have been able to study at all. They have also supported me throughout the writing process and have read parts of the draft. Finally, I would also like to thank Kenneth, for being there for me and for correcting some passages of the thesis. Julie Boeten NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING Deze scriptie is geschreven in het kader van het Herodotos Project, een onderneming van de Ohio State University in samenwerking met UGent. De doelstelling van het project is het aanleggen van een databank met alle volkeren die gekend waren in de oudheid. -
DBG Book 1 Outline
Caesar’s De Bello Gallico BOOK I OUTLINE Chapter I 1-4 Gaul has three parts, inhabited by three tribes (Belgae, Aquitaini, and Celtae/Galli) who are different in language, institutions, and laws. 4-5. The rivers that separate the three areas. 6-11. Three reasons why the Belgae are the bravest. 11-15. The final reason explains why the Helvetians surpass the other Gauls in courage, because they fight regularly with the Germans, either in Germania or in their own land. 15-18. The boundaries of the land the Gauls occupy. 18-21. The boundaries of the land the Belgae occupy. 21-24. The boundaries of the land the Aquitani occupy. Chapter II 1-6. The richest and noblest Helvetian made a conspiracy among the nobility because of a desire for power and persuaded his people to leave their land with the argument that because of their surpassing courage they would easily get control of all Gaul. 6-12. He easily swayed them because the Helvetians were hemmed in on all sides by natural barriers. 12-15. As a result they had less freedom of movement and were less able to wage war against their neighbors, and thus their warriors were afflicted with great sorrow. 15-18. They considered their land, 240 miles by 180 miles, too small in comparison with their numbers and their glory in war. Chapter III 1-6 Persuaded by their situation and the authority of Orgetorix, the Helvetians decide to get ready for departure: they buy all the wagons and pack animals they can; plant as many crops as possible for supplies on the trip, and make alliances with the nearest states. -
Université De Montréal Julius Caesar in Gaul and Germania
Université de Montréal Julius Caesar in Gaul and Germania: Strategy, tactics, and the use of aggressive diplomacy as a tool for war Par Patrick Dakkach Département d’histoire, Université de Montréal, Faculté des arts et des sciences Mémoire présenté en vue de l’obtention du grade de la Maitrise En Histoire, option Recherche Mai 2021 © Patrick Dakkach, 2021 Université de Montréal Unité académique : Département d’histoire, Université de Montréal, Faculté des arts et des sciences Ce mémoire intitulé Julius Caesar in Gaul and Germania: Strategy, tactics, and the use of aggressive diplomacy as a tool for war Présenté par Patrick Dakkach A été évalué(e) par un jury composé des personnes suivantes Philippe Genequand Président-rapporteur Christian Raschle Directeur de recherche Michael Fronda Membre du jury Résumé Alors que César et ses écrits ont fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie au cours des deux derniers siècles, comment étudier ses commentaires de manière différente? En utilisant une nouvelle approche mise au point par Arthur M. Eckstein dans son œuvre Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War, and the Rise of Rome qui soutient que Rome a conquis de manière opportuniste l'Italie et la Méditerranée orientale à travers une série de guerres défensives ou « d’invitations ». La nouveauté de cette approche est son utilisation des paradigmes de la science politique misant surtout sur le concept de l'anarchie réaliste. En tant que telle, cette thèse utilisera le cadre d'Eckstein et l'appliquera au Bellum Gallicum de César pour montrer que, contrairement à l'historiographie traditionnelle, César n'a pas conquis la Gaule par bellicosité et ambition personnelle, mais plutôt à la suite d'invitation directe de ses alliés gaulois le poussant à intervenir défensivement au nom du bellum iustum. -
Caesar and Tacitus Reading Introduction to the Caesar Reading Julius Caesar Wrote Accounts of His Campaigns in Gaul to Justify His Power and Actions
Caesar and Tacitus Reading Introduction to the Caesar Reading Julius Caesar wrote accounts of his campaigns in Gaul to justify his power and actions. Here he gives his most extensive accounts of the peoples of Gaul and Germany. What customs, values and practices among the Gauls and the Germans seem significantly different from customs, values and practices at Rome? Are there ways in which he may use these differences as a justification for the military campaigns he is carrying out? Caesar, Gallic Wars Book 6 (chapters 11-20) (Trans. by H. J. Edwards, 1917) 6.11 Since I have arrived at this point, it would seem to be not inappropriate to set forth the customs of Gaul and of Germany, and the difference between these nations. In Gaul, not only in every state and every canton and district, but almost in each several household, there are parties [= political factions]; and the leaders of the parties are men who in the judgment of their fellows are deemed to have the highest authority, men to whose decision and judgment the supreme issue of all cases and counsels may be referred. And this seems to have been an ordinance from ancient days, to the end that no man of the people should lack assistance against a more powerful neighbour; for each man refuses to allow his own folk to be oppressed and defrauded, since otherwise he has no authority among them. The same principle holds in regard to Gaul as a whole taken together; for the whole body of states is divided into two parties. -
Peter Mountford, Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar's Campaigns
Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar’s Campaigns in Gaul Alesia: the Climax of Julius Caesar’s Campaigns in Gaul PETER MOUNTFORD In 2012 an impressive museum was opened on the plain below the village of Alise-Ste- Reine (Alesia). A combined ticket for the museum and the Gallo-Roman site on the t the beginning of June 2016 I made a hilltop costs €11,50. The museum is obviously pilgrimage to Alesia, something that I a popular place for school groups to visit, as had wanted to do for many years. There there were several there at the time of our A visit. The circular museum is on two levels is nothing like a visit to the site of an ancient event for clarifying one’s understanding of that and has impressive views of the site of the event. The topography is so important. events of Alesia from its rooftop (pl.1). My wife and I were very lucky, as we had In the open space in the centre of the ground arrived in France at a time when record floor displays are put on of both Gallic and rainfall had led to severe flooding of the Roman fighting equipment and methods of Seine and other rivers. Thankfully the rain fighting (pl.2). stopped just before we reached Alesia and did not start again until after we left, although These are designed especially for students. it was overcast. Alesia can be easily accessed There is also a good bookshop, although from the motorway from Paris to Lyon. It is almost all books are in French. -
Oratio Recta and Oratio Obliqua in Caesar's De Bello
VOICES OF THE ENEMY: ORATIO RECTA AND ORATIO OBLIQUA IN CAESAR’S DE BELLO GALLICO by RANDY FIELDS (Under the Direction of James C. Anderson, jr.) ABSTRACT According to his contemporaries and critics, Julius Caesar was an eminent orator. Despite the lack of any extant orations written by Caesar, however, one may gain insight into Caesar’s rhetorical ability in his highly literary commentaries, especially the De Bello Gallico. Throughout this work, Caesar employs oratio obliqua (and less frequently oratio recta) to animate his characters and give them “voices.” Moreover, the individuals to whom he most frequently assigns such vivid speeches are his opponents. By endowing his adversaries in his Commentarii with the power of speech (with exquisite rhetorical form, no less), Caesar develops consistent characterizations throughout the work. Consequently, the portrait of self-assured, unification-minded Gauls emerges. Serving as foils to Caesar’s own character, these Gauls sharpen the contrast between themselves and Caesar and therefore serve to elevate Caesar’s status in the minds of his reader. INDEX WORDS: Caesar, rhetoric, oratory, De Bello Gallico, historiography, propaganda, opponent, oratio obliqua, oratio recta VOICES OF THE ENEMY: ORATIO RECTA AND ORATIO OBLIQUA IN CAESAR’S DE BELLO GALLICO by RANDY FIELDS B.S., Vanderbilt University, 1992 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2005 © 2005 Randy Fields All Rights Reserved VOICES OF THE ENEMY: ORATIO RECTA AND ORATIO OBLIQUA IN CAESAR’S DE BELLO GALLICO by RANDY FIELDS Major Professor: James C. -
Provinzialrömischen, Im Letzten Grunde Klassischen Vorbilder. Die
165 provinzialrömischen, im letzten Grunde klassischen Vorbilder. Die Masse der wenig oder gar nicht romanisierten Unterschicht wird für uns eben noch weniger als in Gallien in den Steindenkmälern greifbar. Importierte Skulptur, wie sie gerade so gut in Italien ge funden sein könnte und auf dem linken Rheinufer gelegentlich sich findet, fehlt, mit Ausnahme natürlich von Bronzen, auf dem rechten Rheinufer ganz. Das Marmorrelief Nr. 438 (Bruchstück eines Sarkophags ?) in Mannheim ist aus dem Rhein gezogen, also seine Herkunft vom rechten Ufer zweifelhaft. Daß sich außer im unmittelbaren Vorlande des linken Rheinufers fast keine mit Relief geschmückten Militärgrabsteine finden, liegt in erster Linie an der Zeit der Ok kupation des rechten Ufers, in der die Militärreliefs überhaupt bald aufhören, was z. T. doch wohl sicher auch mit der fortschreitenden Barbarisierung der Truppenkörper zu sammenhängt. Aber auch Zivilgrabsteine mit Relief sind selten, große Grabmäler, wie auf dem linken Ufer, finden sich kaum, und im Zusammenhang damit steht denn auch, daß die charakteristischen Szenen aus dem Alltagsleben, wie sie das linke Rheinufer kennt, fast ganz fehlen. Deshalb stimme ich E. gern zu, wenn er für den Stein unbekann ten Fundortes Nr. 427 im Museum in Mannheim linksrheinische Herkunft vermutet. Jeder, der in der Richtung obiger Andeutungen sich jetzt an die Durcharbeit der rechtsrheinischen Steindenkmäler macht, wird dankbar sich der Vorarbeit E.s bedienen, die er in seinem großen, jetzt vollendeten Werk geleistet hat, das den Skulpturen bestand eines wichtigen Teiles des römischen Weltreiches zum erstenmal überschauen läßt. Den Dank der Wissenschaft wird E. selbst um so stärker und freudiger empfinden, je energischer, eindringlicher und vielseitiger jetzt die Arbeit an der provinzialen Plastik einsetzt, für die sich erfreulicherweise neuerdings auch die kunstgeschichtliche Forschung zu interessieren beginnt. -
The Gallic War - Book Iii (56 Bc)
JULIUS CAESAR (GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR, 100-44 BC) THE GALLIC WAR - BOOK III (56 BC) TRANSLATED BY W.A. MCDEVITTE AND W.S. BOHN ________________________________________ DE BELLO GALLICO - LIBER TERTIUS § 3:1. When Caesar was setting out for Italy, he sent Servius Galba with the twelfth legion and part of the cavalry, against the Nantuates, the Veragri, and Seduni, who extend from the territories of the Allobroges, and the lake of Geneva, and the River Rhone to the top of the Alps. The reason for sending him was, that he desired that the pass along the Alps, through which [the Roman] merchants had been accustomed to travel with great danger, and under great imposts, should be opened. He permitted him, if he thought it necessary, to station the legion in these places, for the purpose of wintering. Galba having fought some successful battles and stormed several of their forts, upon embassadors being sent to him from all parts and hostages given and a peace concluded, determined to station two cohorts among the Nantuates, and to winter in person with the other cohorts of that legion in a village of the Veragri, which is called Octodurus; and this village being situated in a valley, with a small plain annexed to it, is bounded on all sides by very high mountains. As this village was divided into two parts by a river, he granted one part of it to the Gauls, and assigned the other, which had been left by them unoccupied, to the cohorts to winter in. He fortified this [latter] part with a rampart and a ditch. -
Cover Page the Handle Holds
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/66262 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Pellegrino, F. Title: The urbanization of the North-Western provinces of the Roman Empire : a juridical and functional approach to town life in Roman Gaul, Germania inferior and Britain Issue Date: 2018-10-17 APPENDIX A: LIST OF CIVITATES IN THE NORTH-WESTERN PROVINCES AND THEIR JURIDICAL STATUS AND DATING (EITHER DATE OR REIGN) A.1 NARBONENSIS INSCRIPTION INSCRIPTION MENTIONING CIVITAS MENTIONING INSCRIPTION MENTIONING ‘COLONIA’ ‘CIVITAS ‘MUNICIPIUM’ ’ Carcassone Tolosa CIL XII 5674 (mil 317-337) C T Narbo CIL XII 4355 (IV AD) civitati CIL XII 4333 (AD 11 ) c(olonia) I(uliae) P(aternae) N(arbonis) M(arti) Baeterrae ILGN 558 (under Augustus); AE 2006, 795=CIL XII, 2930. Luteva: solo un'epigrafe trovata a CIL XII 4247 C CLAUD LUTEVA (Possibly Claudian times) Baeterrae Nimes CIL XII 5624? C(ivitas or colonia) N (293- ILGN 417 (BC 13-12) COL AUG NEM 305AD) Arelate AE 1952, 107 (337-340AD) CIL XII 694 (I AD) Aquae Sextiae CIL XII 408 (second half I AD) Massilia Forum Iulii CIL V 7907 (Commodus) CIL XII 261 (I AD - Hadrian) Antipolis Dinia, Da quando f parte delle alpi AE 1961, 156 (Commodus) AE 1961, 156 (Commodus) CIL XII 6037 (I AD) marittime vedi ILN-Dugn,3 Sogiontii CIL XII 1871 (II AD) Apollinaris Reiorum (Riez) CIL XII 360 (I AD) Apta CIL XII 1116 (I-II AD) Cabellio Avennio CIL XII 1120 (Hadrian – end II AD) Arausio CIL VI 1549 (second half II AD) Piganiol S. -
Liste Des Peuples Celtes 1 Liste Des Peuples Celtes
Liste des peuples celtes 1 Liste des peuples celtes Cet article ne cite pas suffisamment ses sources (mars 2013). Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». (Modifier l'article [1] ) Cet article a pour vocation de servir d'index des peuples celtes ou à caractère celtique. Le nom latin du peuple est donné entre parenthèses lorsque le nom francisé sert de titre à l'article détaillé. Gaule cisalpine Sud du Pô • Boïens (boii) • Lingons (lingones) • Sénons (senones) Nord du Pô • Cénomans (cenomani) • Insubres (insubri) • Taurins (taurini) • Carni Peuples de moindre importance établies au nord du Pô et dominées un temps par les Insubres : Les peuples de la Gaule cisalpine 391-192 av. J.-C. • Anares • Comasques • Laevi • Libici • Lépontiens (lepontii) • Marici • Orobiens (orobii, orumbovii) • Salasses (salassi) Liste des peuples celtes 2 Gaule transalpine Gaule Belgique Article détaillé : Liste des peuples de la Gaule belgique. Remarque : Tous les peuples belges n'étaient probablement pas des Celtes au sens propre du terme, mais leur aristocratie était celtisée. • Aduatuques • Ambiens (Ambiani) • Atrebates (Atrebates) • Bellovaques (Bellovaci) • Caeroesi • Calètes (Caletes) • Catalaunes • Catuslogues (Catuslogi) • Condruses (Condrusi) • Éburons • Geidumnes (Geidumni) • Leuques (Leuci) • Médiomatriques (Mediomatrici) • Ménapiens ou Ménapes (Menapii) • Morins (Morini) • Nerviens (Nervii) • Pémanes (Paemani) • Rèmes (Remi) • Sègnes (Segni) • Silvanectes (Silvanectes) • Suessions (Suessiones) • Tongres (Tungri) • Trévires (treveri) • Tricasses • Viromanduens (Viromandui) Liste des peuples celtes 3 Gaule Celtique Remarque : La Gaule Celtique était habitée par les Celtes. -
Gallien: 52 V. Chr. Zur Politischen Und Strategischen Konstellation Eines Kampfraumes
Gallien: 52 v. Chr. Zur politischen und strategischen Konstellation eines Kampfraumes Diplomarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magisters der Philosophie an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz vorgelegt von Michael FRANK am Institut für Geschichte Begutachter: ao. Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Klaus Tausend Graz, 2014 Parentibus (†) dedicatum Inhalt Der Kampfraum Gallien im Jahre 52 v. Chr.: Zum Thema ............................................................. 5 1. Gallien im 1. Jh. v. Chr.: Die politische und militärische Geographie bis zum Auftreten Caesars ........................................................................................................................................ 8 1.1 Südgallien ............................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Ost- und Zentralgallien ........................................................................................................ 9 1.3 Caesar und Rom ................................................................................................................. 10 2. Gallien: 58–53 v. Chr. Die politische und strategische Konstellation eines Eroberungsraumes .................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Ostgallien ............................................................................................................................ 12 2.1.1 Die Helvetier .........................................................................................................