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Bridging the Gap Between Conservation and Development

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Bridging the Gap Between Conservation and Development REFERENCES Kruger LE, Shannon MA (2000). Getting to know BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT - A CASE STUDY OF Buytaert W, Zulkafli Z, Grainger S, Acosta L, ourselves and our places through participation in ASKOT LANDSCAPE, PITHORAGARH, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA Alemie TC, Bastiaensen J, Bievre BD, Bhusal civic social assessment, Soc. Nat. Resour. 13: J, Clark J, Dewulf A, Foggin M, Hannah DM, 461-478. A. Laha* and R. Badola Hergarten C, Isaeva A, Karpouzoglou T, Pandeya B, Paudel D, Sharma K, Steenhuis T, Lowry CS, Fienen MN (2013). Crowd Hydrology: Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India crowd sourcing hydrologic data and engaging Tilahun S, Hecken G V, Zhumanova M (2014) . *For Correspondence: [email protected] Citizen science in hydrology and water resources: citizen scientists, Ground Water 51: 151-156. opportunities for knowledge generation, ecosystem service management, and sustainable Misra KD, Bhushan KB, Upadhyay RK (2013). ABSTRACT development, Frontiers in Earth Science. 1-21. Science Club: an effective tool for promoting awareness and temper for science and technology In the light of the history of theoretical convergence between conservation and development, this paper reports Carr A (2004). Why do we all need community among school going students. Int J Soc Sci & science? Soc. Nat. Res. 17: 841-849. Interdis Res 2(3): 139-143. the findings of the Biodiversity Conservation and Rural Livelihood Improvement Project (BCRLIP), Askot landscape of Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand. The findings are based on of 340 household questionnaire and Conrad Cathy C, Hilchey Krista G (2011). A review of Radhakrishna Sindhu, Binoy VV, Kurup Anitha assessment of the socioeconomic status of people and estimation of their dependency on natural resources citizen science and community-based (2014). The culture of environmental education: suggests that development preceded conservation and effective development of rural and backward regions is environmental monitoring: issues and insights from a citizen science experiment in possible through existing developmental institutions and agencies. In this regard, conservation ceases to be an opportunities. Environ Monit Assess 176: 273- India. Current Science 107(2): 176-178. end but has evolved as a means to mitigate the lacuna in development. 291. Roy HE, Pocock MJO, Preston CD, Roy DB, Keywords: Conservation debate, Askot landscape, Convergence development, Biodiversity conservation. Das SVG, Rao PS (2000). Participatory hydrological Savage J, Tweddle JC , Robinson LD (2012). monitoring (PHM) an effective tool for Final Report on behalf of UK-EOF . NERC community managed groundwater systems?, In Centre for Ecology and Hydrology and Natural INTRODUCTION Proc. Int. Conf. Land Resource Management for History Museum. food, employment and environmental security, The lacuna between development and conservation 2001). It was time to rethink whether the notion of Shirk JL, Ballard HL, Wilderman CC, Phillips T, New Delhi. Terminologically distinct and burdened with conservation and development are separate and Wiggins A , Jordan R (2012). Public respective theoretical, ideological, philosophical, dichotomous, 'take bold new approaches towards participation in scientific research: a framework Dickinson Janis L, Shirk Jennifer, Bonter David, historical and political underpinnings, the two reconciling economic developments with Bonney Rick, Crain Rhiannon L, Martin Jason, for deliberate design, Ecol. Sci. 17-29. domains of conservation and development are today conservation (Banerjee et al., 2003). An Phillips Tina, Purcell Karen (2012). The current Silvertown J (2009). A new dawn for citizen science. face to face with a crisis. A crisis articulated in myriad understanding was attained that conservation is state of citizen science as a tool for ecological Trends Ecol. Evol 24, 467-471. ways across natural and social sciences; a crisis that fundamentally an expression of human values (Baral research and public engagement. Front Ecol UNEP Year Book (2014). Emerging issues update: exudes desperateness to save and survive. Those who et al., 2007). That, if we try to carefully understand Environ, 291-297. realizing the potential of citizen science. wanted to save the biodiversity were labeled as a how conservation goals interact with human factors Fry BP (2011). Community forest monitoring in Wechsler D (2014). Crowdsourcing as a method of conservationist and the others sought development to and needs, we could use development as a means to a REDD: the 'M' in MRV? Environ. Sci. Policy 14: transdisciplinary research- tapping the full survive. Sincere efforts towards conservation and conservation end (Barrett et al., 1995). It is contended 181-187. potential of participants, Futures 60: 14-22. development lead to a point where one encumbered that ' for better or worse, people's attitudes and actions the other. This crisis thereon initiated dialogue and help to shape and reshape the world that will be left Wersma YF (2010). Birding 2.0: Citizen science and Gadgil M (2006). Science and the right to critical reflexivity across disciplines and sub- behind for future generations. Therefore, the effective monitoring in the web 2.0 world, Avian information. Eco Pol Weekly 13: 1895-1902. disciplines. Emerging out of this discourse was a psychology and ethical reasoning that underlie Conservation and Ecol 5(2). fundamental question - 'Is there a discrete reality of people's actions and views of nature is a key but too Goyal VC, Dixit Usha (2009). Student-community “biodiversity” different from the infinity of living often neglected dimension of conservation. interface: an innovative approach to beings, including plants, animals, micro-organisms, st Biodiversity is not the only entity affected by development, In Proc. 1 Conference on Systems Homo sapiens, and their interactions, attraction and conservation actions and policies, people's lives and & Management Innovation for R&D, NISCAIR, repulsion, co-creations and destructions (Abbot livelihoods also hang in the balance (Escobar et al., New Delhi. 1995). 32 ENVIS Centre on Himalayan Ecology ENVIS Bulletin Himalayan Ecology, Vol 24, 2016 33 PDF processed with CutePDF evaluation edition PDF processed with CutePDF evaluation edition These reflections had amply instructed that advocates Development discourse with environment only targets for the stable foundation for sustainable conservation. The of conservation and development together had to functioning of Earth?s life support system is a fundamental principle underlying landscape ecology address the lacuna between conservation and Pieterse contends that dissatisfied from mainstream prerequisite for future human development. Thus was that the places (or habitats) that so interest development to achieve their overarching objectives. development, that implied promotion of economic implying that integrated framework for sustainable conservationists are elements in a larger landscape growth via technology transfers, increase in development goals would ensure maximization of mosaic (Dunteman et al., 1983). Landscape level Conservation debate agricultural productivity and enhanced infrastructure synergies and managements of tradeoffs in conservation planning entailed consideration of development in the 1970's, the idea of development implementing sustainable development goals broad scale interconnected ecological systems that The emergence of such discourse was perhaps the was being redefined and geared in terms of (Mebratu et al., 1998). bring into its ambit dealing with the whole spectrum beginning, on one hand, of the new conservation 'satisfaction of needs', 'endogenous and self-reliant' of environmental problems. This is a critical debate and on the other of an alternative/reflexive and 'in harmony with the environment (Pieterse et al., Attempting a synergy between conservation and approach since in a human-dominated world, development. The new conservation debate was 1998). The World Commission on Environment and development? weighing the landscape requirements of wildlife vis- gaining prominence since the mid nineties when Development (WCED 1983) and its findings in a a-vis the needs of humans is a complicated matter. Soules original delineation of conservation biology report titled 'Our Common Future', also known as the Since then it is widely accepted that biodiversity loss Herein landscape level ecology played an important was being reframed, updated and made more (Brundtl and Report 1987) can be sited as its earliest and poverty are linked problems and that conservation role in ecosystem management. The traditional accommodative under the banner of conservation example. It was a first of its kind to lay out the and poverty reduction should be tackled together. The conservation methods targeting individual species science with the recognition that ecological dynamics environmental challenges facing the world, most common tool that emerged to combine was being reviewed to include the maintenance of not cannot be separated from human dynamics (Folke et presenting how environmental destruction would conservation and development was the adoption of the only the species but also its habitats through al., 2011). A forward-looking conservation was limit economic growth and poverty, in turn, would framework of integrated conservation and consideration of both human induced and natural envisioned to protect natural habitats where people contribute to environmental destruction. The report
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