A Comparative Analysis of the Entrepreneurial Styles of Second, Third, and Fourth Generation Overseas Chinese and Filipinos in the Philippines
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Asian Languages in the Australian Education System
The Study of Asian Languages in Two Australian States: Considerations for Language-in-Education Policy and Planning Yvette Slaughter Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2007 School of Languages and Linguistics University of Melbourne ABSTRACT This dissertation conducts a comprehensive examination of the study of Asian languages in two Australian states, taking into consideration the broad range of people and variables which impact on the language-in-education ecology. These findings are intended to enhance the development of language-in-education policy, planning and implementation in Australia. In order to incorporate a number of perspectives in the language-in-education ecology, interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholders, school administrators, LOTE (Languages Other Than English) coordinators and LOTE teachers, from all three education systems – government, independent and Catholic (31 individuals), across two states – Victoria and New South Wales. Questionnaires were also completed by 464 senior secondary students who were studying an Asian language. Along with the use of supporting data (for example, government reports and newspaper discourse analysis), the interview and questionnaire data was analysed thematically, as well as through the use of descriptive statistics. This study identifies a number of sociopolitical, structural, funding and attitudinal variables that influence the success of Asian language program implementation. An interesting finding to arise from the student data is the notion of a pan-Asian identity amongst students with an Asian heritage. At a broader level, the analysis identifies different outcomes for the study of Asian languages amongst schools, education and systems as a result of the many factors that are a part of the language-in-education ecology. -
Chinese Influences in Philippine Culture
Miclat FEATURE ARTICLE Tradition, Misconception, and Contribution: Chinese Influences in Philippine Culture Maningning C. Miclat ABSTRACT This paper discusses Chinese influence on Philippine arts and crafts, as shown in artifacts from the Sino-Philippine trade of pre-Hispanic times—the churches, religious icons, and paintings of the Spanish period— and in the contemporary art of the Chinese Filipinos. The Chinese traditional elements are given new meanings in a new environment, and it is these misconceptions and misinterpretations of the imported concepts that influence and enrich our culture. THE PRE-HISPANIC PAST The Sino-Philippine trade is believed to have begun in AD 982. The History of the Sung Dynasty or Sung Shi, published in 1343- 1374, confirmed that trade contact started during the 10th century. A 13th century Sung Mandarin official, Chau Ju-kua, wrote a geographical work entitled “A Description of Barbarous Peoples” or Chu Fan Chi, the first detailed account on Sino-Philippine trade. The 14th century account of Ma Tulin entitled “A General Investigation of Chinese Cultural Sources” or Wen Shiann Tung Kuo referred to the Philippines as Ma-i.1 The presence of trade is further proven by the Oriental ceramics from China, Vietnam, and Thailand that have been excavated from many places in the archipelago (Zaide: 1990). The Chinese came to the Philippines and traded with the natives peacefully, exchanging Chinese goods with hardwood, pearls, and turtle shells that were valued in China. Traditional Chinese motifs that symbolize imperial power are found in the trade ceramics found in the Philippines. These are the 100 Humanities Diliman (July-December 2000) 1:2, 100-8 Tradition, Misconception, and Contribution dragon and the phoenix; auspicious emblems of prosperity, long life, and wealth, such as fishes, pearls, and blossoms, like peonies; and the eight precious things or Pa Bao, namely, jewelry, coins, open lozenges with ribbons, solid lozenges with ribbons, musical stones, a pair of books, a pair of horns, and the Artemisia leaf. -
CHSA HP2010.Pdf
The Hawai‘i Chinese: Their Experience and Identity Over Two Centuries 2 0 1 0 CHINESE AMERICA History&Perspectives thej O u r n a l O f T HE C H I n E s E H I s T O r I C a l s OCIET y O f a m E r I C a Chinese America History and PersPectives the Journal of the chinese Historical society of america 2010 Special issUe The hawai‘i Chinese Chinese Historical society of america with UCLA asian american studies center Chinese America: History & Perspectives – The Journal of the Chinese Historical Society of America The Hawai‘i Chinese chinese Historical society of america museum & learning center 965 clay street san francisco, california 94108 chsa.org copyright © 2010 chinese Historical society of america. all rights reserved. copyright of individual articles remains with the author(s). design by side By side studios, san francisco. Permission is granted for reproducing up to fifty copies of any one article for educa- tional Use as defined by thed igital millennium copyright act. to order additional copies or inquire about large-order discounts, see order form at back or email [email protected]. articles appearing in this journal are indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life. about the cover image: Hawai‘i chinese student alliance. courtesy of douglas d. l. chong. Contents Preface v Franklin Ng introdUction 1 the Hawai‘i chinese: their experience and identity over two centuries David Y. H. Wu and Harry J. Lamley Hawai‘i’s nam long 13 their Background and identity as a Zhongshan subgroup Douglas D. -
The Changing Face of Asian Peoples in New Zealand
New Zealand Population Review, 41:95–118. Copyright © 2015 Population Association of New Zealand The Changing Face of Asian Peoples in New Zealand ELSIE HO * Abstract Richard Bedford has made a major contribution to the understanding of diverse Asian peoples in New Zealand. In particular, his work has demonstrated how changing immigration policies have led to new patterns of ethnic diversity, residential and business concentration, and settlement and employment trajectories, as well as changing family dynamics, mobility patterns and transnational networks (for example, Bedford & Ho, 2008; Bedford, Didham & Ip, 2009; Ho & Bedford, 2006, 2008; Spoonley & Bedford, 2012). This paper builds on this understanding to analyse the changing characteristics of Asian peoples in New Zealand since 1986, the year when New Zealand abolished a traditional source preference in the selection of prospective immigrants in favour of criteria based on individual merits, skills and qualifications. The discussion is organised into six parts to illustrate the multiple dimensions of difference within New Zealand’s growing Asian communities: more diverse Asian ethnic groups, changing age-sex structure, different labour market experiences, growing mobility and transnational connections, complex patterns of mixed ethnicity, and increased concentration in Auckland. The study challenges the popular perception of ‘Asian’ as a single category. he 2013 Census reveals that New Zealand’s population is becoming increasingly diverse. In 1986, 85.1 per cent of New Zealand’s T population were of European ethnic origin, 12.4 per cent Māori, 4.0 per cent Pacific and 1.7 per cent Asian. By 2013, the non-European ethnic groups (Māori, Asian and Pacific) had all increased their proportion of the New Zealand population (to 14.9 per cent, 11.8 per cent, and 7.4 per cent respectively), and a new group had emerged, namely those who identified with ethnicities in the broad Middle Eastern, Latin American and African category (MELAA), accounting for 1.2 per cent of the population. -
A Rising China Affects Ethnic Identities in Southeast Asia
ISSUE: 2021 No. 74 ISSN 2335-6677 RESEARCHERS AT ISEAS – YUSOF ISHAK INSTITUTE ANALYSE CURRENT EVENTS Singapore | 3 June 2021 A Rising China Affects Ethnic Identities in Southeast Asia Leo Suryadinata* In this picture, festive lights are reflected on a car in Chinatown on the first day of the Lunar New Year in Bangkok on February 12, 2021. Ethnic Chinese in Thailand are considered the most assimilated in Southeast Asia, and it has been argued that Buddhism is a key factor in this process. Photo: Mladen ANTONOV, AFP. * Leo Suryadinata is Visiting Senior Fellow at ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, and Professor (Adj.) at S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies at NTU. He was formerly Director of the Chinese Heritage Centre, NTU. 1 ISSUE: 2021 No. 74 ISSN 2335-6677 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • From Zhou Enlai to Deng Xiaoping, Beijing’s policy towards Chinese overseas was luodi shenggen (to take local roots), which encouraged them to take local citizenship and integrate themselves into local society. • In the 21st century, following the rise of China, this policy changed with a new wave of xinyimin (new migrants). Beijing advocated a policy of luoye guigen (return to original roots), thus blurring the distinction between huaqiao (Chinese nationals overseas) and huaren (foreign nationals of Chinese descent), and urging Chinese overseas regardless of citizenship to be oriented towards China and to serve Beijing’s interest. • China began calling huaqiao and huaren, especially people in business, to help China support the Beijing Olympics and BRI, and to return and develop closer links with China. • Responses from ethnic Chinese in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand have been muted, as they are localised and are participating in local politics. -
ECFG-Philippines-2020R.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural Philippines The dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success.The guide consists of 2 parts: Part 1 introduces “Culture General,” the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment – Southeast Asia in particular. Part 2 presents “Culture Specific” information on the Philippines, focusing on unique cultural features of Filipino society. This section is designed to complement other pre- deployment training. It applies culture-general Guide Culture concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society. All human beings have culture, and individuals within a culture share a general set of beliefs and values. -
Report of Governor's Advisory Committee on Crime
Report of Governor's Advisory Committee on Crime February, 1931 Printed by The Printshop Company, Ltd. Honolulu, Hawaii 1 9 3 1 I, Honolulu, T. H., February 9, 1931. HIS EXCELLENCY LAWRENCE: M. JUDD, Governor of Hawaii, Honolulu, T. H. Your Excellency: Your Advisory Committee on Crime appointee! to study delinquency, crime and punishment therefor in this Territory anel the methods employed in our corrective institutions submits here with its report and recommendations. Respectfully yours, R. A. VITOUSEK, Chairman, Governor's Advisory Committee on Crime. IU\V/W III INDEX, TO REOOMMENDATIONS Recommendation Page That all licenses issued in the future to district court practitioners be limited to circuits other than the first...................................... 20 Recommendation Page That all public prosecutors or their deputies be prohibited from engaging in private practice after December 31, 1932................ 22 That the Department of Public Instruction be authorized to ap point and maintain one school social worker sometimes That there be a police commissioner appointed by Mayor of City known as a visiting teacher for every two thousand school and County of Honolulu, w:ith approval ofl Board of Super children in the City of Honolulu...................................................... 6 visor~ whose duty it shaH be to appoint a Chief of Police That .renewed efforts be put forth by the large employers of for- and to supervise operation of police department........................ 23 , elgn-born laborers to educate them in regard to criminal laws That the office of. Sheriff be retained and that the Sheriff be in force in the Territory.................................................................... 6 charged with the duty of serving civil process, of keeping the That the Board of Industrial Schools and the Department of Pub Honolulu jail, and of acting as Coroner....................................... -
A Study of Chinese Filipino Family Lifestyle in Cebuchinese
A Study of Chinese Filipino Family Lifestyle in CebuChinese Cemeteries and Places of Worship Chen, Mu-Ying Southeast Asia has always been the first choice for Chinese immigrants. In particular, the Philippines are close to China and the country has become one of the main places for Chinese business people. In addition, Cebu City is the largest harbor in the Philippines for Chinese immigrants. At least a century before the Spanish arrived, Cebu City had already become one of the largest trading center for Chinese people. According to the records, more than 80% of the residents in Cebu City are Hokkienese. As a historic city in the Philippines, Cebu preserves a continuing and overlapping culture. In this respect, cemetery studies provide a new vision and an important historical material toward overseas Chinese history studies and their society. Cemetery studies are an important culture issue; hence, they serve as an index of traditional culture transition in Chinese society. Through funerary culture, the after death landscape presents a religious world view. We can also discover details of their daily life through language on tombstones in Chinese cemeteries. This paper includes a visit to Cebu and presents a field study of two old Chinese cemeteries and four new cemeteries where most of the Chinese Filipinos are buried. It also collects historic record of early Chinese cemeteries and conducts a comparative research between old and new Chinese cemeteries, as well as their places of worship. Finally, it shows the current status of their tombs and buried areas, and how Chinese families maintain their Chinese culture. -
Early Chinese Economic Influence in the Philippines, 1850-1898
Extract from PACIFIC AFFAIRS Fall, 1962 Early Chinese Economic Influence in the Philippines, 1850-1898 By Edgar Wickberg East Asian Series, Reprint No. 3 CENTER FOR EAST ASIAN STUDIES THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas CENTER FOR EAST ASIAN STUDIES 1. The Patrimonial Thesis and Pre-Modern Japa nese Herrschaft, by Norman Jacobs. 2. The Phantom Slasher of Taipei: Mass Hysteria in a Non-Western Society, by Norman Jacobs. 3. Early Chinese Economic Influences in the Philip pines, by Edgar Wickberg. Early Chinese Economic Influence in the Philippines, 1850-1898 N THE PHILIPPINES during the past decade economic nationalism has mani I fested itself, among other ways, in government policies aimed at Chinese residents. As a foreign group of considerable economic strength whose politi cal allegiance is uncertain and whose willingness to be assimilated is popularly doubted, the Chinese are a logical target for economic nationalist policies. Thus, the Retail Trade Nationalization Law of 1954 has attempted to "Fil- ipinize" retailing by excluding the Chinese from that business, and the more recent Rice and Corn Trade Nationalization Law has a similar goal for the basic food industry of the Philippines. Present-day anti-Chinese economic legislation results from the convergence of four historical developments: Filipino cultural prejudice against the Chinese; Filipino nationaUsm; political relationships between the Philippine Chinese and China; and the prominent economic position of the Philippine Chinese. All these developments had their origins during the period of Spanish rule in the Philippines (1565-1898). This article considers only the origin of the Chinese economic position in the Philippines. -
Notes on Indonesian-Chinese and Filipino-Chinese Literature
Kyoto University 東南アジア研究 42巻 1 号 2004年6月東南アジア研究 42巻 1 号 Notes on Indonesian-Chinese and Filipino-Chinese Literature By Caroline S. HAU* In both Indonesia and the Philippines, which were traders, artisans, and in the Indonesian case, subject to more than three centuries of colonization laborers. They were accorded distinct legal status by the early maritime empires of Holland and Spain as a mediating category between natives and respectively, there developed—owing to the late Chinese, and subject to specific regulations and immigration of Chinese women—Chinese creole restrictions. Not just a product of census classifi- populations through the intermarriage of Chinese cation and taxation, they resisted assimilation immigrant and native peoples. In the early because native society in both countries occupied nineteenth century, there were 100,000 such the lowest rung in the colonial hierarchy and was peranakan in Java, making up 2% of its population. even more vulnerable to arbitrary colonial rule than The Chinese mestizo population in the Philippines Chinese society, and assimilation to native society at that time was the most sizeable in Southeast was consequently considered a sign of downward Asia, with 120,000 making up nearly 5% of the social and economic mobility. colonial population. Economic competition with the Chinese over What was remarkable about these creole retail and wholesale trade engendered antagonism communities was the extent to which, despite between Chinese and Chinese mestizos before continuing contact with both native and Chinese the Chinese mestizos shifted to agriculture, land- groups, they achieved a degree of cohesion and holding and professions after they were displaced stability as communities that remained distinct in the mid-nineteenth century when the Chinese from the “native” societies. -
The Chinese of South-East Asia an Mrg International Report
MINORITY RIGHTS GROUP INTERNATIONAL R E P O R THE CHINESE OF T SOUTH-EAST ASIA • 92/6 THE CHINESE OF SOUTH-EAST ASIA AN MRG INTERNATIONAL REPORT G R M Edited by Minority Rights Group MINORITY SPONSORS Lady Butler RIGHTS GROUP George Cadbury is an international research and information unit registered Milovan Djilas in Britain as an educational charity under the Charities Dr Robert Gardiner Act of 1960. Its principal aims are – Dr Dharam Ghai To secure justice for minority or majority groups suffering Lord Arnold Goodman CH discrimination, by investigating their situation and publi- Lord Joseph Grimond PC cising the facts as widely as possible, to educate and alert David Kessler public opinion throughout the world. Dr Joseph Needham FRS To help prevent, through publicity about violations of human rights, such problems from developing into dan- COUNCIL gerous and destructive conflicts which, when polarised, are very difficult to resolve; and Chairman Sir John Thomson Dr Shirin Akiner To foster, by its research findings, international under- standing of the factors which create prejudiced treatment Philip Baker and group tensions, thus helping to promote the growth Hugo Brunner of a world conscience regarding human rights. Efua Dorkenoo Scilla Elworthy Françoise Fonval Minority Rights Group urgently needs further Jennie Hatfield-Lyon funds for its work. Please contribute what Ben Hooberman you can. MRG is eligible to receive a Richard Kershaw covenant from UK taxpayers. Helen Krag Dr Claire Palley Kate Phillips Phillip Rudge STAFF Director -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0031308A1 Diane Et Al
US 2014003 1308A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2014/0031308A1 Diane et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 30, 2014 (54) BENCHMARKS FOR NORMAL CELL on Feb. 8, 2011, provisional application No. 61/469, IDENTIFICATION 812, filed on Mar. 31, 2011. (76) Inventors: Longo Diane, Foster City, CA (US); Todd M. Covey, San Carlos, CA (US); Publication Classification David M. Soper, San Francisco, CA (US); Garry P. Nolan, San Francisco, (51) Int. C. CA (US); Alessandra Cesano, Redwood GOIN33/50 (2006.01) city, CA (US) G06F 9/72 (2006.01) (52) U.S. C. (21) Appl. No.: 13/821,539 CPC ............ G0IN33/5008 (2013.01); G06F 19/12 PCT Fled: Sep. 8, 2011 (2013.01) (22) USPC ...... 514/43; 435/29: 435/7.21: 703/11: 703/2 (86) PCT NO.: PCT/US11?01565 S371 (c)(1), (57) ABSTRACT (2), (4) Date: Oct. 2, 2013 Provided herein are methods, compositions, and kits for Related U.S. Application Data determining cell signaling profiles in normal cells and com (60) Provisional application No. 61/381,067, filed on Sep. paring the cell signaling profiles of normal cells to cell sig 8, 2010, provisional application No. 61/440,523, filed naling profiles from a test sample. Patent Application Publication Jan. 30, 2014 Sheet 1 of 37 US 2014/0031308A1 2 in 2d (2d 20 (2d 2 (2 (2d 2 on 33 it 33 Ée 38 it 38 St 38 is 38 St 38 is 33 38,. 38.H. 33. 38. g. .38. ; isSSSOC or SSSOCstor SSSOCis us SSSOOis or SSSOCis or SSSOCis or SSOCis or SSCOis of CSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSgo go 599 go go 399 go go 5992 q) q) 59.9 g g 599 Egg) as 99.2 g g 5992 gld go 599.