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HENNI M'sila Dans Le Traitement De Leishmaniose Cutanée

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HENNI M'sila Dans Le Traitement De Leishmaniose Cutanée UNIVERSITE MOHAMAED BOUDIAF-M’SILA FACULTE DES SIENCES MATIERES Département de Chimie Mémoire préparé en vue de l’obtention de diplôme de Master Académique en Chimie Spécialité : CHIMIE PHARMACEUTIQUE Thème Etude d’utilisation de Plantago major de la région de BIR- HENNI M’sila dans le traitement de leishmaniose cutanée. Préparé par : Sous la direction de : HAFIDI Amina Dr.Ladgham Chikouche Mohamed Djamel HAFSI Kaltoum Soutenu devant le jury composé de : M. Djeriou.A Présedente. M. Torchi.I Examinateur. M. Ladgham Chikouche . M Dj Directeur de recherche. Année universitaire 2019/2020 Remerciement Le grand merci nous le réservons à DIEU le tout puissant pour le courage et la volonté qu’il nous a accordé pour mener à bien notre travail. **** Nous remercions profondément notre encadreur Monsieur Ladghem Chikouche, D. pour son soutien et les efforts fournis pour nous orienter vers la bonne voie et n’oublions jamais ses critiques bénéfiques pour un meilleur esprit scientifique **** Nous exprimons toute notre reconnaissance aux membres de jury : Monsieur : Torchi, I. Monsieur : Djeriou, A. **** Nous remercions également toute personne ayant contribué de prés ou de loin à la réalisation de ce travail. Un grand merci à toutes et à tous Dédicaces Je dédie ce travail : A mes chers parents ma mère Hafidi A. et mon père Hafsi Mohamed pour leurs sacrifices et leurs tendances tout au long de mes études A mes sœurs Zahra Ranim ; Asma et Loudjain Et mes frères Salah Eddin et Nidhal A mes tous mes proches ou éloignés spécialement mes grands- mères et mes grands-pères. A toute mes amies qui m’ont soutenu m’ont encouragé tout au long de l’année spécialement Billel Ghemari. A ma très chère amie et mon binôme Hafidi Amina en témoignage de l’amitié sincère qui nous a liées et des bons moments passés ensemble. Que Dieu les protège tous H.Kaltoum Dédicaces Je dédie ce travail : A mes chers parents. Aucune dédicace ne saurait exprimer mon respect, mon amour éternel et ma considération pour les sacrifices que vous avez consenti pour mon instruction et mon bien être. Je vous remercie pour tout le soutien et l’amour que vous me portez depuis toute ma vie. Puisse Dieu, le Très Haut, vous accorder santé, bonheur et longue vie et faire en sorte que jamais je ne vous déçoive. A mes chères SŒURS :Chaima et khansa pour leurs encouragements permanents, et leur soutien moral. Ames chers frères :Seif, Mido et ilyes pour leur appui et leur encouragement, En témoignage de mon affection fraternelle, de ma profonde tendresse et reconnaissance. Atoute ma famille :(Hafidi,Hafsi, Mame,Aouina, H’maitiche, …) pour leur soutien tout au long de mon parcours universitaire. A MES amis de TOUJOURS : Assia. Halima. Khawla. Sabah. Saadia et Fatoum En souvenir de notre sincère et profonde amitié et des moments agréables que nous avons passés ensemble. A ma chère binôme H, Kaltoum pour tous les moments que nous avons passés ensemble, et pour sa sympathie. Et une dédicace spéciale, A mon cher fiancé Aouina Ammar,qui m’a aidé et supporté dans les moments difficiles. Que ce travail soit l’accomplissement de vos vœux tant allégués, et le fuit de votre soutien infaillible, Merci d’être toujours là pour moi. H,Amina SOMMAIRE Table des matières Liste des abréviations. Liste des figures. Liste des tableaux. Introduction générale .......................................................... 1 Chapitre I : Etude bibliographique de la leishmaniose Introduction ...................................................................... 3 I. Description générale et historique ............................................ 3 II. Epidémiologie ................................................................ 4 II.1. Agent pathogène ........................................................ 4 II.1.1 Taxonomie : ........................................................ 5 II.1.2 La morphologie : .................................................. 5 II.1.2.1 Stade promastigotes : ............................................ 5 II.1.2.2 Stades Amastigotes: ............................................. 6 II.1.3. CYCLE BIOLOGIQUE: ......................................... 7 II.2. L’insecte vecteur : ....................................................... 8 II.2.1.Taxonomie : ........................................................ 8 II.2.2. Cycle de vie : ...................................................... 10 II.2.3. Habitat: ............................................................ 10 II.3. Cycle de transmission de la maladie ................................... 10 II.4. Les réservoirs du parasite ............................................... 11 II.5. Répartition géographique de leishmaniose............................. 12 III. Formes cliniques de la leishmaniose : ...................................... 13 III.1 Leishmaniose viscérale (LV) ........................................... 13 III.2 Leishmaniose cutanéo-muqueuse ou mucocutanée (LCM) ........... 13 III.3 Leishmaniose cutanée .................................................. 14 Table des matières IV. Etude clinique sur la leishmaniose cutanée ................................ 14 IV.1 Formes cliniques de la leishmaniose cutanée : ........................ 14 IV.1.1 La leishmaniose cutanée localisée (LCL) ....................... 14 IV.1.1.1 Formes cliniques de La leishmaniose cutanée localisée (LCL) 15 IV.1.1.2 La leishmaniose cutanée diffuse (LCD) ....................... 16 IV.2 La leishmaniose cutanée en Algerie ................................... 17 IV.2.1. Leishmaniose cutanée zoonotique due à L. major ............. 18 IV.2.2 La leishmaniose cutanée du Nord LCD ......................... 18 Référence de chapitre I .......................................................... 19 Chapitre II: Les plantes médicinales qui sont utilisées dans le traitement de la leishmaniose cutanée Introduction : .................................................................... 21 I. Les plantes médicinales : ..................................................... 21 I.1. Définition ................................................................. 21 I.2. L’utilisation des plantes médicinales .................................... 21 I.3. Les formes d’utilisation des plantes médicinales ....................... 22 I.4. Les formes d’emploi des plantes médicinales .......................... 23 I.5. Les domaines d’application des plantes médicinales ................... 24 I.6. L’importance des plantes médicinales .................................. 25 I.2. Aperçu bibliographique sur les plantes médicinales ayant une activité anti- leishmanienne ................................................................... 25 II. Les plantes médicinales les plus utilisées dans l’Afrique (le grand Maghreb) ................................................................................... 26 II.1. Explication de quelques plantes qui sont utilisées dans le traitement de LC : ............................................................................ 29 II.1.1 Lamiacées: ......................................................... 29 Table des matières II.1.2. Astéracées ......................................................... 30 II.1.3. Lythracées ......................................................... 31 III. Les plantes médicinales les plus utilisées dans l’Asie (Iran, Iraq et la chine) ................................................................................... 32 III.1. La Ci50 : ................................................................ 32 III.2. Agents anti-leishmaniaux à base des plantes médicinales : .......... 34 III.3. Explication de quelques plantes qui sont utilisées dans le traitement de LC : ............................................................................ 34 III.3.1. Asteraceae ........................................................ 34 III.3.2. Alliacées .......................................................... 35 III.3.3. Zygophyllaceae .................................................. 36 IV. Les plantes médicinales les plus utilisées en Europe et l’Amérique du sud ................................................................................... 37 IV.1. La distribution géographique de LC .................................. 37 IV.2. Explication de quelques plantes qui sont utilisées dans le traitement de LC : ............................................................................ 38 IV.2.1. Myrtaceae ........................................................ 38 IV.2.2. Aloeaceae ........................................................ 39 IV.2.3. Apocynaceae ..................................................... 40 Références de Chapitre II ....................................................... 42 Chapitre III : Plontago major Introduction ...................................................................... 45 I. Description botanique de la Famille des Plantaginaceae : .................. 45 I.1. Généralités ................................................................ 45 I.2. Classification da la famille plantaginaceae ............................. 45 I.3. Description de la famille plantaginaceae................................ 46 Table des matières II. Le genre plantago ............................................................ 46 II.1. Description du genre plantago .......................................... 46 II.2. Répartition géographique ............................................... 46 III. Plantago major .............................................................. 47 III.1. Classification botanique international : ..............................
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