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Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data

11-21-2019

The Families and Genera of Vascular of the Conterminous

James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected]

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps

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Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants of the Conterminous United States" (2019). Botanical Studies. 99. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/99

This Flora of the United States and is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES Compiled by James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata,

21 November 2019

Cystopteridaceae Odontosoria Serpocaulon LYCOPHYTES Cystopteris Lomariopsidaceae Psilotaceae Isoëtaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Lomariopsis Psilotum Isoëtes Dennstaedtia Hypolepis Lygodiaceae Lycopodiaceae Pteridium Lygodium Acrostichum Dendrolycopodium Adiantum Diphasiastrum Diplaziopsidaceae Marsileaceae Argyrochosma Huperzia Homalosorus Marsilea Aspidotis Lycopodiella Pilularia Astrolepis Lycopodium Dryopteridaceae Bommeria Pseudolycopodiella Arachnoides Nephrolepidaceae Ceratopteris Phlegmariuris Ctenitis Nephrolepis Spinulinum Cyrtomium Cryptogramma Deparia Onocleaceae Gaga Selaginellaceae Diplazium Onoclea Llavea Selaginella Dryopteris Myriopteris Gymnocarpium Matteuccia Pellaea Phanerophlebia Botrypus Pentagramma Polystichum Cheiroglossa Pityrogramma Anemiaceae Rumohra Ophioglossum Pteris Anemia Vittaria Equisetaceae Aspleniaceae Equisetum Osmundaceae Salviniaceae Asplenium Osmunda Azolla Gleicheniaceae Osmundrastrum Salvinia Athyriaceae Dicranopteris Athyrium Schizaeaceae Grammitidaceae Campyloneurum Actinostachys Blechnaceae Grammitis Drynaria Schizaea Blechnum Microgramma Stenochlaena Hymenophyllaceae Micropolypodium Tectariaceae Struthiopteris Crepidomanes Neurodium Tectaria Woodwardia Didymoglossum Pecluma Hymenophyllum Phlebodium Thelypteridaceae Cyathaeaceae Trichomanes Phymatosorus Amblovenatum Spheropteris Vandenboschia Platycerium Christella Pleopeltis Cyclosorus Lindsaeaceae Macrothelypteris

-1- Parathelypteris Zamiaceae Drosanthemum Proatriplex Phegopteris Zamia Galenia Stegnogramma Lampranthus Thelypteris Malephora Spinacia FLOWERING Mesembryanthemum Stutzia PLANTS Woodsiaceae Sesuvium Suaeda Woodsia Tetragonia Suckleya Trianthema Tidestromia GYMNOSPERMS Andrographis Aniscanthus Alisma Agapanthus Araucariaceae Aphelandra Baldellia Allium Araucaria Asystasia Damasonium Barleria Clivia Cupressaceae Barleriola Sagittaria Crinum Callitris Carlowrightia Galanthus Callitropsis Dicliptera Altingiaceae Hippeastrum Calocedrus Dyschoriste Liquidambar Hymenocallis Chamaecyparis Elyraria Leucojum Cryptomeria Eranthemum Narcissus Cunninghamia Graptophyllum Achyranthes Nothoscordum Cupressus Hemigraphis Allenrolfea Pancratium Juniperus Henrya Alternanthera Tristagma Metasequoia Hygrophila Amaranthus Zephyranthes Platycladus Aphanisma Sequoia Justicia Arthrocnemum Anacampserotaceae Sequoiadendron Nelsonia Atriplex Talinopsis Taxodium Nomaphila Axyris Thuja Odontonema Anacardiaceae Pseuderanthemum Beta Cotinus Cycadaceae Ruellia Blitum Lithrea Cycas Stenandrium Blutaparon Malosma Twetramerium Camphorosma Mangifera Ephedraceae Thunbergia Celosia Metopium Ephedra Yeatesia Chenopodiastrum Pistacia Chenopodium Rhus Ginkgoaceae Aceraceae Corispermum Schinus Ginkgo Acer Cycloloma Searsia Digera Sorindeia Pinaceae Achatocarpaceae Dysphania Spondias Abies Enchylaena Toxicodendron Cedrus Extriplex Larix Acoraceae Froelichia Picea Acorus Gomphrena Annona Pinus Gossypianthus Asimina Pseudolarix Actinidiaceae Grayia Deeringothamnus Pseudotsuga Actinidia Guilleminea Polythia Tsuga Halogeton Hermbstaedtis Apocynaceae Podocarpaceae Adoxa Iresine Allamanda Podocarpus Lipandra Alstonia Aizoaceae Micromonolepis Amisonia Taxaceae Aptenia Monolepis Angadenia Cephalotaxus Carpobrotus Neokochia Apocynum Taxus Conicosia Nitrophila Araujia Torreya Cypselea Oxybasis Asclepias Delosperma Polysnemum Calotropis

-2- Carissa Xanthosoma Triteliopsis Pithecoctenium Catharanthus Zantedeschia Yucca Podranea Cryptosegia Pyrostegia Cycladenia Araliaceae Asphodelaceae Radermachera Cynamchum Aralia Aloë Spathodea Echites Eleurotherococcus Asphodelus Tabebuia Funastrum Hedera Bulbine Tecoma Gonolobus Kalopanax Dianella Tecomaria Haplophyton Oplopanax Hemerocallis Mandevilla Panax Kniphofia Bixaceae Matelea Polyscias Phormium Amoreuxia Metaplexis Schleffera Nerium Tetrapanax Avicenniaceae Bombacaceae Ochrosia Avicennia Ochroma Pentalinon Aristolochiaceae Periploca Aristolochia Balsaminaceae Plumeria Asarum Impatiens Rauvolfia Hexastylis Anchusa Rhabdadenia Basellaceae Antiphytum Tabernaemontana Anredera Argusia Telosiphon Agave Basella Asperugo Thevetia Androstephium Borago Thyrsanthella Anthericum Bataceae Bothriospermum Trachelospermum Asparagus Batis Bourreria Vallesia Bloomeria Brunnera Vinca Begoniaceae Buglossoides Camassia Begonia Carmona Apodanthaceae Chlorogalum Cerinthe Pilostyles Convallaria Cryptantha Cordyline Achlys Cynoglossum Aponogetonaceae Danea Cynoglottis Aponogeton Dasylirion Caulophyllum Dasynotus Dichelostemma Diphylleia Echium Aquifoliaceae Dipterostemon Eremocarya Ilex Eucomis Eritrichium Nemopanthus Furcraea Greeneocharis Hastingsia Hackelia Araceae Hesperaloë Harpagonella Aglaonema Hesperocallis Johnstonella Alocasia Hesperoyucca Lappula Arisaema Hooveria Betulaceae Lithodora Arum Hosta Alnus Lithospermum Caladium Hyacinthoides Betula Macromeria Calia Hyacinthus Carpinus Calocasia Leucocrinum Corylus Myosotis Cryptocoryne Maianthemum Ostrya Nonea Dieffenbachia Manfreda Omphalodes Epipremum Muilla Bignoniaceae Oreocarya Lysichiton Muscari Amphitecna Pectocarya Monstera Nolina Bignonia Pentaglossis Orontium Ornithogalum Campsis Plagiobothrys Peltandra Phormium Catalpa Philodendron Polygonatum Chilopsis Pinellia Ruscus Crescentia Trigonotis Pistia Sansevieria Cydista Symplocarpus Scilla Jacaranda Bromeliaceae Syngonium Triteleia Macfadyena Ananas

-3- Billbergia Neolloydia Cannaceae Scopulophila Bromelia Nopalea Canna Silene Catopsis Opuntia Spergula Dyckia Pediocactus Capparaceae Spergularia Guzmania Peniocereus Atamisquea Stellaria Hechtia Pereskia Capparis Stipulicida Tillandsia Pilosocereus Cynophalla Vaccaria Rhipsalis Quadrella Velezia Buddlejaceae Sclerocactus Selenicereus Caprifoliaceae Casuarinaceae Emorya Stenocereus Abelia Casuarina Thelocactus Diervilla Kolkwitzia Apteria Callitrichaceae Leycesteria Canotia Burmannia Callitriche Linnaea Celastrus Thismia Lonicera Crossopetalum Calophyllaceae Symphoricarpos Elaeodendron Burseraceae Triosteum Euonymus Bursera Weigela Gyminda Maytenus Butomaceae Calycanthaceae Caricaceae Mortonia Butomus Calycanthus Carica Parnassia Paxistima Buxaceae Calyceraceae Schaefferia Buxus Achyronychia Pachysandra Agrostemma Celtidaceae Arenaria Celtis Cabombaceae Asyneuma Atocion Trema Brasenia Cardionema Cabomba Campsnulastrum Cerastium Ceratophyllaceae Downingia Cherleria Ceratophyllum Cactaceae Gadellia Corrigiola Acanthocereus Githopsis Dianthus Cercidiphyllaceae Ancistrocactus Heterocodon Drymaria Cercidphyllum Anocarpus Hippobroma Eremogone Astrophytum Howellia Eudianthe Cervantesiaceae Bergerocactus Jasione Geocarpon Pryularia Carnegiea Laurentia Gypsophila Cereus Legenere Herniaria Chrysobalanaceae Consolea Legousia Holosteum Chrysobalanus Coryphantha Honckenya Licania Cylindropuntia Nemacladus Illecebrum Echinocactus Palmerella Lepyrodielis Cistaceae Echinocereus Phyteuma Loeflingia Cistus Echinomastus Platycodon Lychnis Crocanthemum Epiphyllum Porterella Minuartia Halimium Epithelantha Triodanis Moehringia Hudsonia Escobaria Wahlenbergia Moenchia Lechea Ferocatus Myosoton Tuberaria Glandulicactus Canellaceae Paronychia Grusonia Petrorhagia Cleomaceae Hamatocactus Polycarpaea Arivela Harrisia Cannabaceae Polycarpon Carsonia Hylocereus Cannabis Pseudostellaria Cleome Lophocereus Humulus Sagina Cleomella Lophophora Saponaria Cleoserrata Mammillaria Scleranthus Gymantropsis

-4- Hemiscola Anisocarpus Carphochaete Dicoria Oxystylis Anisocoma Carthamus Dicranocarpus Peritoma Antennaria Castalis Dieteria Polanisia Anthemis Centaurea Dimeresia Tarenaya Antheropeas Centipeda Dimorphotheca Wislizenia Aphanostephus Centratherum Dittrichia Arctium Centromadia Doellingeria Clethraceae Arctotheca Chaenactis Doronicum Clethra Arctotis Chaetadelpha Dracopis Argyranthemum Chaetopappa Dysodiopsis Colchicaceae Arnica Chamaechaenactis Alstroemeria Arnoglossum Chamaemelum Eastwoodia Colchicum Arnoseris Chaptalia Eatonella Gloriosa Artemisia Chloracantha Echinacea Uvularia Chondrilla Echinops Askellia Chromolaena Eclipta Combretaceae Chorisiva Egletes Bucida Astranthium Chromolaena Elephantopus Conocarpus Chrysctinia Emilia Baccharis Chrysanthemoides Encelia Quisqualis Chrysogonum Enceliopsis Terminalis Bahiopsis Chrysoma Engelmannia Baileya Enydra Commelinaceae Balduina Chrysothamnus Ericameria Callisia Balsamorhiza Erigeron Commelina Barkleyanthus Cirsium Eriophyllum Gibasis Bartlettia Cladanthus Eucephalus Murdannia Bebbia Clappia Euchiton Tinantia Bellis Columbiadoria Eupatorium Tradescantia Benitoa Condylidium Euphrosyne Berkheya Conoclinium Eurybia Compositae Berlandiera Constancea Euryops () Bidens Conyza Euthamia Acamptopappus Biglowia Coreocarpus Eutrochium Acanthospermum Blennosperma Coreopsis Facelis Achillea Blepharipappus Coreopsis Filago Achyrachaena Blepharizonia Corethrogyne Flaveria Acmella Blumea Cosmos Fleischmannia Acourtia Boltonia Cota Florestina Acroptilon Borrichia Cotula Flourensia Adenocaulon Bradburia Crassocephalum Flyriella Adenophyllum Crepis Gaillardia Ageratina Crocidium Galinsoga Ageratum Brintonia Croptilon Gamochaeta Agnorhiza Crupina Agoseris Calendula Cuniculotinus Gazania Almutaster Callistephus Cyanthillium Geraea Amberboa Calotis Cyclachaena Gerbera Amblyolepis Calycadenia Cymophora Glebionis Amblyopappus Calycoseris Cynara Glossocardia Ambrosia Calyptocarpus Dahlia Glyptopleura Ampelaster Canadanthus Decaneuropsis Gnaphalium Amphiachyris Carduus Deinandra Gochnatia Amphipappus Carlina Delairea Grindelia Anacyclus Carlquistia Delwiensia Guardiola Anaphalis Carminatia Diaperia Guizotia Ancistrocarphus Carphephorus Dichaetophora Gundlachia

-5- Gutierrezia Lasianthaea Packera Reichardia Gymnosperma Lasiospermum Palafoxia Rhagadiolus Gymnostyles Lasthenia Pallenis Rhaponticum Gynura Launaea Panphalea Rhodanthe Haplocarpha Layia Parasenecio Rigiopappus Haploesthes Leibnitzia Parthenice Roldana Harmonia Leontodon Parthenium Rudbeckia Lepidospartum Pascalia Rugelia Hasteola Pectis Sachsia Hazardia Leucanthemella Pentachaeta Santolina Hecastocleis Leucanthemopsis Pentzia Sanvitalia Hedosyne Leucanthemum Perezia Sartwellia Hedypnois Leuciva Pericallis Saussurea Helenium Pericome Scabrethia Helianthella Ligularia Peripleura Schkuhria Lindheimera Perityle Sclerocarpus Helichrysum Logfia Petasites Sclerolepis Heliomeris Lorandersonia Petradoria Scolymus Heliopsis Peucephyllum Scorzonera Helminthotheca Lygodesmia Phalacroseris Scorzoneroides Hemizonella Machaeranthera Phoebanthus Hemizonia Picradeniopsis Sericocarpus Herrickia Picrothamnus Malperia Pinaropappus Shinnersia Hesperodoria Mantisalca Pityopsis Shinnersoseris Heteranthemis Marshallia Plateilema Sigesbeckia Heterosperma Matricaria Platyschukuhria Silybum Mauranthemum Plecostachys Simsia Hieracium Melampodium Plectocephalus Smallanthus Holocarpha Melanthera Pleiacanthus Holozonia Micropsis Pleurocornonis Soliva Hulsea Micropus Pluchea Sonchus Hymenoclea Microseris Polymnia Sphaeromeria Hymenopappus Mikania Porophyllum Sphagneticola Hymenothrix Monolopia Praxilis Stebbinsoseris Hymenoxys Monoptilon Prenanthella Stenotus Hypochaeris Mulgedium Prenanthese Stephanomeria Inula Munzothamnus Psacalium Stevia Ionactis Mycelia Psathyrotes Stokesia Ismelia Nabalus Psathyrotopsis Stuartina Isocoma Neonesomia Pseudelaphantopus Iva Nestotus Pseudobahia Symphyotrichum Neurolaena Pseudoclappia Synedrella Jaegeria Nicolletia Pseudognaphalium Syntrichopappus Jamesianthus Nippoanthemum Pseudogynoxys Tagetes Jaumea Nothocalaïs Psilactis Tamaulina Jefea Oclemena Psilocarphus Tanacetum Jensia Omalotheca Psilostrophe Koanophyllon Oncosiphon Pterocaulon Tephroseris Krigia Onopordum Pulicaria Tetradymia Oonopsis Pyrrhopappus Tetragonotheca Lactuca Oreochrysum Pyrrocoma Tetraneuris Laënnecia Oreostemma Rafinesquia Thelesperma Lagascea Orochaenactis Thurovia Lagophylla Osmadenia Rainiera Lapsana Osteospermum Ratibida Tithonia Lapsanastrum Oxytenia Rayjacksonia Toiyabea

-6- Tolpis Cornaceae Chorispora Sibaropsis Tonestus Cornus Cochlearia Sinapis Townsendia Coelophragmus Sisymbrium Tracyina Costaceae Coincya Smelowskia Costus Conringia Stanleya Trichocoronis Crambe Streptanthella Trichoptilium Crassulaceae Cusickiella Streptanthus Tridax Aeonium Descurainia Strigosella Bryophyllum Dimorphocarna Subularia Tripleurospermum Diplotaxis Synthlipsis Crassula Dithyrea Teesdalia Trixis Diamorpha Draba Thelypodiopsis Tussilago Dudleya Dryopetalon Thelypodium Uropappus Echeveria Eruca Thlaspi Urospermum Graptopetalum Erucastrum Thysanocarpus Varilla Hylotelephium Erysimum Tropidocarpum Venegasia Jovibarba Euclidium Turritis Verbesina Kalanchoë Eutrema Warea Vernonia Lenophyllum Glaucocarpum Yosemitea Viguiera Phedimus Halimolobus Vittadinia Rhodiola Hesperidanthus Volutaria Sedella Hesperis Apodanthera Wedelia Sedum Hirshfieldia Brandegea Sempervivum Hornungia Bryonia Xanthisma Valladia Iberis Xanthium Idahoa Citrullus Xanthocephalum Crossosomataceae Iodanthus Coccinia Xerochrysum Apacheria Ionopsidium Ctenolepis Xylorhiza Crossosoma Isatis Yermo Glossopetalon Leavenworthia Youngia Lepidium Cyclanthera Zaluzania Cruciferae Lobularia Ecballium Zinia () Lunaria Echinocystis Alliaria Lyrocarpa Echinopepon Convolvulaceae Malcolmia Ibervillea Aniseia Anelsonia Matthiola Lagenaria Argyreia Arabidopsis Microthlaspi Luffa Bonamia Arabis Myagrum Marah Calystegia Armoracia Nasturtium Melothria Convolvulus Athysanthus Nerisyrenia Momordica Cressa Aubrieta Neslia Sechium Cuscuta Aurinia Sicyos Dichondra Barbarea Noccaea Sicyosperma Evolvulus Berteroa Orychophragmus Thladiantha Ipomoea Boechera Parrya Trichosanthes Jacquemontia Borodinia Paysonia Tumamoca Merremia Brassica Pennellia Operculina Braya Cymodoceaceae Poranopsis Bunias Physaria Halodule Strictocardia Cakile Planodes Syringodium Stylisma Calepina Polyctenium Turbina Camelina Raphanus Cyperaceae Rapistrum Abildgaardia Cordiaceae Cardamine Rorippa Bulbostylis Cordia Carrichtera Sandbergia Calliscirpus Caulanthus Selenia Carex Chlorocrambe Sibara Cladium

-7- Cymophyllus Tiquila Vaccinium Quercus Cyperus Xylococcus Dulichium Elaeagnaceae Zenobia Flacourtiaceae Eleocharis Elaeagnus Casearia Eriophorum Hippophae Eriocaulaceae Flacourtia Fimbristylis Shepherdia Eriocaulon Xylosma Fuirena Lachnocaulon Isolepis Syngonanthus Fouquieriaceae Kobresia Fouquieria Kyllinga Escalloniaceae Lipocarpha Elatinaceae Escallonia Francoaceae Oxycaryum Bergia Melianthus Remirea Elatine Eucommiaceae Rhynchospora Eucommia Frankeniaceae Schoenoplectiella Frankenia Schoenoplectus Agarista Schoenus Acalypha Garryaceae Scirpoides Andromeda Aucuba Scirpus Aleurites Garrya Scleria Trichophorum Arctous Astraea Gelsemiaceae Uncinia Bejaria Bernardia Gelsemium Calluna Bischofia Cyrillaceae Cassiope Breynia Gentianaceae Cliftonia Ceratiola Caperonia Bartonia Cyrilla Chamaedaphne Chrozophora Centaurium Chimaphila Cicenda Datiscaceae Croton Comastoma Datisca Corema Dalechampia Eustoma Elliottia Ditrysinia Frasera Diapensiaceae Empetrum Drypetes Gentiana Diapensia Epigaea Euphorbia Gentianella Galax Erica Flueggea Gentianopsis Pyxidanthera Eubotrys Glochidion Gyrandra Shortia Gaultheria Gymnanthes Halenia Gaylussacia Heterosavia Lomatogonium Dioscoreaceae Harrimanella Hippomane Obolaria Dioscorea Hemitomes Hura Sabatia Kalmia Jatropha Schenkia Kalmiopsis Manihot Swertia Cephalaria Leucothoë Mercurialis Voyria Lyonia Microstachys Zeltnera Knautia Menziesia Phyllanthopsis Scabiosa Moneses Phyllanthus Geraniaceae Succisa Monotropa Ricinus Erodium Succisella Monotropsis Sapium Geranium Stillingia Pelargonium Orthilia Aldrovanda Oxydendrum Tragia Gisekiaceae Dionaea Phyllodoce Triadica Gisekia Pieris Vernicia Pityopus Goodeniaceae Ebenaceae Pleuricospora Fagaceae Scaveola Diospyros Pterospora Castanea Pyrola Chrysolepis Gramineae Ehretiaceae Rhododendron Fagus () Ehretia Sarcodes Notholithocarpus Achnatherum

-8- Acrachne Cymbopogon Lycurus Setariopsis Aegilops Cynodon Melica Sorghastrum Aegopogon Melinis Sorghum X Agropogon Dactylis Microchloa Spartina Agropyron Microstegium Sphenopholis Agrostis Danthonia Milium Aira Dasyochloa Miscanthus Stenotaphrum Allolepis Dendrocalamus Molinia Stipa Alloteropsis Deschampsia Monanthochloë Swallenia Alopecurus Diarrhena Moorochloa Themeda Ammophila Dichanthium Torreyochloa Ampelodesmos Digitaria Trachypogon Amphibromus Dinebra Nardus Tragus Amphicarpum Dissanthelium Neostapfia Tribolium Andropogon Neyraudia Trichloris Anthaenantia Echinochloa Opizia Trichoneura Anthephora Ehrharta Oplismenus Tridens Anthoxanthum Orcuttia Triplasis Apera Elionurus Oryza Tripogon Aristida X Elyhordeum Oryzopsis Tripsacum Arrhenatherum Elymus Panicum Triraphis Arthraxon Enneapogon Pappophorum Trisetum Arundinaria Enteropogon Parapholis Triticum Arundo Paspalum Tuctoria Avena Eremopyrum Phalaris Uniola Axonopus Eriochloa Pharus Urochloa Bambusa Erioneuron Phippsia Vaseyochloa Beckmannia Eustachys Phleum Ventenata Blepharidachne Festuca Phragmites Willkommia Blepharoneuron Gastridium Phyllostachys Zea Bothriochloa Gaudinia Piptochaetium Zizania Glyceria Pleioblastus Zizaniopsis Brachyelytrum Gymnopogon Pleuropogon Zoysia Brachypodium Hackelochloa Poa Briza Hainardia Pogonarthria Grossulariaceae Bromidium Helictotrichon Polypogon Ribes Bromus Hemarthria Polytrias Buchloë Heteropogon Pseudosasa Gunneraceae Calamagrostis Hierochloë Puccinellia Gunnera X Calammophila Hilaria Redfieldia Calamovilfa Holcus Reimarochloa Guttiferae Catabrosa Hordeum Rostraria (Hypericaceae) Catapodium Hymenachne Rottboellia Clusia Cathestecum Hyparrhenia Rytidosperma Hypericum Cenchrus Imperata Saccharum Chasmanthium Kalinia Sacciolepis Haemodoraceae Kikuyuochloa Sasa Lachnanthes Chrysopogon Koeleria Schedonnardus Cinna Lagurus Schismus Haloragaceae Coelorachis Schizachne Haloragis Coix Lasiacis Schizachyrium Myriophyllum Coleanthus Leersia Sclerochloa Proserpinaca Cortaderia Scleropogon Corynephorus Limnodea Scolochloa Hamamelidaceae Cottea Lithachne Scribneria Fothergilla Crypsis Lolium Secale Hamamelis Ctenium Luziola Setaria Loropetalum

-9- Heliconiaceae Phacelia Acanthomintha Stachys Heliconia Pholistoma Agastache Synandra Romanzoffia Ajuga Teucrium Heliotropaceae Tricardia Ballota Thymus Euploca Blephilia Trichostema Heliotropium Hypoxidaceae Brazonia Vitex Tournefortia Curculigo Callicarpa Warnockia Hypoxis Cedronella Hippocastanaceae Chaiturus Lardizabalaceae Aesculus Illiciaceae Clinopodium Akebia Illicium Collinsonia Hippocrataceae Conradina Hippocratea Iridaceae Cunila Cassytha Alophia Dicerandra Hippuridaceae Belamcanda Dracocephalum Hippuris Calydorea Elsholtzia Licaria Chasmanthe Galeopsis Lindera Crocosmia Glechoma Litsea Carpenteria Crocus Hedeoma Nectandra Decumaria Freesia Hyptis Persea Deutzia Gladiolus Hyssopus Sassafras Fendlera Herbertia Lallemantia Umbellularia Fendlerella Iris Lamium Hydrangea Ixia Lavandula Leguminosae Jamesia Libertia Leonotis () Moraea Leonurus Abrus Schizophragma Nemastylis Lepechinia Acacia Whipplea Olsynium Lycopus Acaciella Romulea Macbridea Adenanthera Hydrocharitaceae Sisyrinchium Marrubium Aeschynomene Blyxa Sparaxis Meehania Albizia Egeria Trimeria Melissa Alhagi Elodea Watsonia Mentha Alysicarpus Halophila Moluccella Amorpha Hydrilla Iteaceae Monarda Amphicarpaea Hydrocharis Itea Monardella Andira Limnobium Mosla Anthyllis Najas Juglandaceae Neptea Apios Ottelia Carya Ocimium Arachis Thalassia Juglans Origanum Astragalus Vallisneria Pterocarya Perilla Baptisia Phlomis Bauhinia Hydrocotylaceae Juncaceae Physostegia Bituminaria Hydrocotyle Juncus Piloblephis Brongniartia Luzula Plectranthus Caesalpinia Hydroleaceae Pogogyne Cajanus Hydrolea Juncaginaceae Poliomintha Calliandra Triglochin Prunella Calopogonium Hydrophyllaceae Pycnanthemum Canavalia Draperia Koeberlinaceae Rhododon Caragana Ellisia Salazaria Cassia Emmenanthe Salvia Centrosema Eucrypta Krameriaceae Satureja Ceratonia Hesperochiron Krameria Scutellaria Cercis Howellanthus Sideritis Chamaecrista Hydrophyllum Labiatae Solenostemon Chamaecytisus Nemophila (Lamiaceae) Stachydeoma Chapmannia

-10- Cicer Medicago Vigna Cladrastis Melilotus Wisteria Mitreola Clitoria Millettia Zapoteca Spigelia Cologania Zornia Strychnos Colutea Mucuna Coronilla Neptunia Leitneriaceae Lythraceae Coursetia Nissolia Leitneria Ammannia Crotalaria Olneya Cuphea Cullen Onobrychis Lemnaceae Decodon Cytisus Lemna Didiplis Dalbergia Orbexilum Spirodela Heimia Dalea Ornithopus Wolffia Lagerstroemia Delonix Otholobium Wolffiella Lythrum Dermatophyllum Oxyythynchus Nesaea Desmanthus Oxytropis Lennoaceae Punica Desmodium Pachyrhizus Pholisma Rotala Dichrostachys Paraserianthes Trapa Diphysa Parkinsonia Lentibulariaceae Dipogon Parryelia Magnoliaceae Ebenopsis Pediomelum Liriodendron Enterolobium Peltophorum Magnolia Errazurizia Peteria Erythrina Phaseolus Calochortus Eysenhardtia Pickeringia Clintonia Aspicarpa Galactia Piscidia Erythronium Byrsonima Galega Pisum Fritillaria Callaeum Genista Pithecellobium Gagea Galphimia Genistidium Pomaria Hiptage Gleditsia Prosopis Lloydia Janusia Gliricidia Psorothamnus Medeola Malpighia Glycine Pueraria Prosartes Stigmaphyllon Glycyrrhiza Retama Scoliopus Gymnocladus Rhynchosia Streptopus Halimodendron Robinia Tulipa Abelomoscus Havardia Rupertia Abutilon Hedysarum Samanea Limnanthaceae Alcea Hippocrepis Schizolobium Floerkea Allowissadula Hoffmannseggia Scorpiurus Limnanthes Althaea Hoita Securigera Anisodontea Hylodesmum Senegalia Limnocharitaceae Anoda Indigofera Senna Hydrocleys Bastardia Kummerowia Sesbania Batesimalva Lablab Sophora Linaceae Billieturnera Laburnum Spartium Hesperolinon Callirhoë Lackeya Sphaerophysa Linum Cienfuegosia Lathyrus Sphinctospermum Sclerolinon Eremalche Lens Strophostyles Fryxellia Lespedeza Stylosanthes Linderniaceae Gossypium Leucaena Styphnolobium Lindernia Herissantia Lonchocarpus Tamarindus Micranthemum Hibiscus Lotononis Tephrosia Torenia Hoheria Lotus Thermopsis Horsfordia Lupinus Trifolium Loasaceae Iliamna Lysiloma Trigonella Cevallia Kostelezkya Macroptilium Ulex Eucnide Krapovickasia Marina Vachellia Mentzelia Lagunaria Mariosousa Vicia Petalonyx Lavatera

-11- Malachra Swietenia Eugenia Ximenia Malacothamnus Leptospermum Luma Oleaceae Malvastrum Calycocarpum Melaleuca Cartrema Malvaviscus Cissampelos Metrosideros Chionanthus Malvella Cocculus Myrcianthes Fontanesia Meximalva Myrtus Forestiera Modiola Pimenta Forsythia Napaea Menyanthaceae Psidium Fraxinus Pavonia Menyanthes Rhodomyrtus Jasminum Pseudabutilon Nephrophyllidium Syzygium Ligustrum Rhynchosium Nymphoides Menodora Riparosida Namaceae Olea Sida Molluginaceae Eriodictyon Osmanthus Sidalcea Glinus Nama Syringa Sidastrum Mollugo Wigandia Sphaeralcea Onagraceae Talipariti Montiaceae Nartheciaceae Calyophus Thespesia Calandrinia Aletris Camissonia Urena Cistanthe Lophiola Circaea Wissadula Claytonia Narthecium Clarkia Lewisia Epilobium Marantaceae Montia Nelumbonaceae Fuchsia Maranta Phemeranthus Nelumbo Gaura Thalia Gayophytum Nitrariaceae Ludwigia Martyniaceae Brosimum Peganum Oenothera Stenosiphon Abronia Orchidaceae Mayacaceae Acleisanthes Amerorchis Mayaca Allionia Aplectum Ammocodon Arethusa Mazaceae Anulocaulis Basiphyllaea Mazus Moringaceae Beloglottis Moringa Bougainvillea Bletia Melanthiaceae Commicarpus Bletilla Amianthemum Muntingiaceae Cyphomeris Brassia Anticlea Muntingia Guapira Bulbophyllum Chamaelirion Mirabilis Calopogon Helonias Musaceae Nyctagiinia Calypso Melanthium Musa Okenia Campylocentrum Schoenocaulon Pisonia Cephelanthera Stenanthium Myoporaceae Tripterocalyx Cleistesiopsis Trillium Bontia Coeloglossum Veratrum Myoporum Nymphaeaceae Corallorhiza Xerophyllum Nuphar Cranichis Zigadenus Myricaceae Nymphaea Cyclopogon Comptonia Cypripedium Melastomataceae Myrica Nyssaceae Cyrtopodium Melastoma Nyssa Deiregyne Rhexia Dendrophylax Tetrazygia Callistemon Dichromanthus Calyptranthes Ochna Eltroplectris Meliaceae Chamelaucium Encyclia Khaya Corymbia Olacaceae Epidendrum Melia Eucalyptus Schoepfia Epipactis

-12- Eulophia Acoelorrhaphe Paulowniaceae Allophyllum Galeandra Acrocomia Paulownia Collomia Galearis Bismarckia Eriastrum Goodyera Butia Pedaliaceae Govenia Caryota Ceratotheca Giliastrum Gymnadenia Chamaedorea Proboscidea Gymnosteris Habenaria Coccothrinax Sesamum Ipomopsis Harisella Cocos Langloisia Hexalectris Dypsis Pentaphylacaceae Lathrocasis Ionopsis Elaeis Clerya Leptodactylon Isotria Livistona Leptosiphon Laelia Phoenix Penthoraceae Linanthus Lepanthopsis Pseudothrinix Penthorum Loeselia Liparis Ptychosperma Loeseliastrum Listera Rhapidophyllum Petiveriaceae Microgilia Macradenia Roystonea Petiveria Microsteris Malaxis Sabal Navarretia Maxillaria Serenoa Phrymaceae Phlox Mesadenus Syagrus Phryma Polemonium Microthelys Thrinax Saltugilia Oeceoclades Washingtonia Oncidium Agdestis Polygalaceae Pelexia Pandanaceae Phytolacca Asemeia Phaius Pandanus Rivina Hebecarpa Piperia Trichostigma Monnima Platanthera Papaveraceae Polygala Platythelys Adlumia Picramniaceae Polygaloides Pogonia Arctomecon Alvaradora Rhinotropis Polystachya Argemone Picramnia Ponthieva Canbya Prescottia Chelidonium Acanthoscyphus Prosthechea Corydalis Lepianthes Antiginon Pteroglossaspis Dendromecon Peperomia Aristocapsa Sacoila Dicentra Piper Brunnichia Schiedeelia Ehrendorferia Centrostegia Sotoa Eschscholzia Pittosporaceae Chorizanthe Spathoglottis Fumaria Billardiera Coccoloba Spiranthes Glaucium Pittosporum Dedeckera Stelis Hesperomecon Dodecahema Stenorrhynchos Hunnemannia Emex Tipularia Hypecooum Littorella Eriogonum Tolumnia Lamprocapnos Plantago Fagopyrum Trichocentrum Macleaya Gilmania Triphora Meconella Platanaceae Goodmania Tropidia Meconopsis Platanus Hollistera Vanilla Papaver Johanneshowellia Zeuxine Platystemon Plumbaginaceae Koenigia Pseudofumaria Armeria Lastarriaea Roemeria Ceratostigma Mucronea Oxalidaceae Romneya Limonium Muehlenbeckia Oxalis Sanguinaria Nemacaulis Stylophorum Oxyria Paeoniaceae Podostemaceae Paeonia Passifloraceae Podostemon Polygonum Pterostegia Palmae Rheum () Aliciella Rumex

-13- Sidotheca Hydrastis Duchesnea Cruciata Stenogonum Kumlienia Eriobotrya Crusea Systenotheca Myosurus Exochorda Diodia Triplaris Nigella Fallugia Erithalis Ranunculus Filipendula Ernodea Pontederiaceae Thalictrum Fragaria Exostema Eichhornia Trautvetteria Geum Galium Heteranthera Trollius Gillenia Gardenia Monochoria Xanthorhiza Heteromeles Guettarda Pontederia Holodiscus Hamelia Resedaceae Horkelia Hedyotis Oligomeris Horkelliella Portulaca Reseda Ivesia Ixora Kelseya Kelloggia Posidoniaceae Rhamnaceae Kerria Mitchella Posidonia Adolphia Leutkea Mitracarpus Berchemia Lyonothamnus Morinda Potamogetonaceae Ceanothus Malacomeles Oldenlandia Potamogeton Colubrina Malus Stuckenia Condalia Mespilus Paederia Zannichellia Frangula Neillia Pentas Gouania Neviusia Pentodon Primulaceae Hovenia Oemleria Pinckneya Anagallis Karwinskia Peraphyllum Psychotria Androsace Krugiodendron Petrophytum Randia Ardisia Paliurus Photinia Richardia Dodecatheon Reynosia Physocarpus Rubia Douglasia Rhamnus Potentilla Sherardia Hottonia Sageretia Poteridium Spermacoce Lysimachia Ziziphus Poterium Stenaria Myrsine Prunus Strumpfia Primula Rhizophoraceae Pseudocydonia Samolus Rhizophora Purshia Ruppiaceae Trientalis Pyracantha Ruppia Rosaceae Pyrus Proteaceae Acaena Rhodotypos Rutaceae Grevillea Adenostoma Rosa Amyris Agrimonia Rubus Choisya Putranjivaceae Alchemilla Sanguisorba Citrus Drypetes Amelanchier Sibbaldia Cneoridium X Amelasorbus Sibbaldiopsis Dictamnus Ranunculaceae Aphanes Sorbaria Esenbeckia Aconitum Aronia X Sorbus Fortunella Actaea Aruncus Spiraea Glycosmis Adonis Cercocarpus Vauquelinia Helietta Anemone Chaenomeles Waldsteinia Murraya Aquilegia Chamaebatia Phellodendron Caltha Chamaebatiaria Ptelea Ceratocephala Chamaerhodes Arcytophyllum Ruta Clematis Coleogyne Severinia Consolida Comarum Casasia Tetradium Coptis Cotoneaster Catesbaea Thamnosma Delphinium Crataegus Cephalanthus Triphasia Enemion Cydonia Chiococca Zanthoxylum Eranthus Dasiphora Coccocypselum Helleborus Dryas Coprosma Salicaceae Hepatica Crucianella Populus

-14- Salix Jepsonia Holmgrenanthe Smilax Leptarrhena Howelliella Lithophragma Keckiella Buckleya Micranthes Kickxia Atropa Comandra Mitella Kopsiopsis Bouchetia Geocaulon Saxifraga Leucophyllum Browallia Saxifragopsis Brugmansia Pyrularia Suksdorfia Limnophila Calibrachoa Sullivantia Limosella Calliphysalis Thesium Telesonix Linaria Capsicum Tellima Mabrya Cestrum Sapindaceae Tiarella Macranthera Chamaesaracha Cardiospermum Tolmiea Maurandella Datura Cupania Maurandya Hunzikeria Cupaniopsis Scheuchzeriaceae Mecardonia Hyoscyamus Dimocarpus Scheuchzeria Melampyrum Jaborosa Dodoneae Mimetanthe Jaltomata Exotheca Schisandraceae Mimulus Leucophysalis Harpullia Schisandra Misopates Lycianthes Hypelate Neogaerrhinum Lycium Koelreuteria Schoepfiaceae Nothochelone Margaranthus Melicoccus Schoepfia Nuttallanthus Nectouxia Sapindus Odontites Nicandra Serjania Orobanche Nicotiana Ungnadia Agalinis Orthocarpus Nierembergia Urvillea Amphianthus Parentucellia Oryctes Xanthoceras Anarrhinum Pedicularis Angelonia Penstemon Physalis Sapotaceae Pseudolysimachion Quincula Chrysophyllum Aphyllon Pseudorontium Salpichroa Manilkara Aureolaria Rhinanthus Salpiglossus Mimusops Bacopa Russelia Schizanthus Pouteria Bellardia Sairocarpus Solandra Sideroxylon Besseya Schistophragma Solanum Brachystigma Schwalbea Sarcobataceae Buchnera Scoparia Sphenocleaceae Capraria Scrophularia Sphenoclea Castilleja Seymeria Sarraceniaceae Chaenorhinum Stemodia Staphyleaceae Darlingtonia Chelone Striga Staphylea Chionophila Synthyris Collinsia Tonella Stemonaceae Conopholis Triphysaria Croomia Anemopsis Cordylanthus Verbascum Houttuynia Cymbalaria Veronica Sterculiaceae Saururus Dasistoma Veronicastrum Ayenia Digitalis Brachychiton Saxifragaceae Diplacus Firmiana Astilbe Dopatrium Ailanthus Fremontodendron Bensoniella Epifagus Castela Hermannia Bolandra Epixiphium Holacantha Melochia Boykinia Erythranthe Simarouba Waltheria Chrysosplenium Euphrasia Commitella Gambelia Simmondsiaceae Styracaceae Darmera Glossostigma Simmondsia Halesia Elmera Gratiola Styrax Heuchera Hebe Smilacaceae

-15- Surianaceae Planera Oxypolis Cornutia Suriana Ulmus Pastinaca Duranta Zelkova Perideridia Glandularia Symplocaceae Petroselinum Holmskioldia Symplocos Umbelliferae Peucedanum Lantana () Pimpinella Lippia Talinaceae Aegopodium Podistera Petitia Talinum Aethusa Polytaenia Petrea Aletes Pseudocymopterus Phyla Tamaricaceae Ammi Pteryxia Premna Tamarix Ammoselinum Ptilimnium Priva Anethum Sanicula Stachytarpheta Tecophilaeaceae Angelica Scandix Stylodon Odontostomum Anthriscus Selinum Tetraclea Apiastrum Seseli Verbena Tetrachondraceae Apium Shoshonea Berula Sium Viburnaceae Bifora Spermolepis Theaceae Bowlesia Sphenosciadium Viburnum Camellia Bupleurum Taenidia Gordonia Carum Tauschia Stewartia Caucalis Thaspium Hybanthus Centella Tilingia Viola Theophrastaceae Chaerophyllum Tordylium Bonellia Cicuta Torilis Viscaceae Jacquinia Cnidium Trachyspermum Arceuthobium Conioselinm Trepocarpus Phoradendron Thymelaeaceae Conium Turgenia Viscum Coriandrum Vesper Dirca Cryptotaenia Yabea Vitaceae Edgeworthia Cuminum Zizia Ampelopsis Thymelaea Cyclospermum Cayratia Cymopterus Urticaceae Cissus Cynosciadium Boehmeria Nekemias Corchorus Daucosma Cecropia Parthenocissus Grewia Daucus Hesperocnide Vitis Tilia Erigenia Laportea Triumfetta Eryngium Parietaria Xyridaceae Eurytaenia Pilea Xyris Tofieldiaceae Falcaria Pouzolzia Harperocallis Foeniculum Rousselia Zingiberaceae Pleea Glehnia Soleirolia Alpinia Tofieldia Harbouria Urtica Curcuma Triantha Heracleum Globba Levisticum Valerianaceae Hedychium Tropaeolaceae Ligusticum Centranthus Zingiber Tropaeolum Lilaeopsis Plectritis Limnosciadium Valeriana Zosteraceae Turneraceae Lomatium Valerianella Nanozostera Piriqueta Musineon Phyllospadix Turnera Myrrhis Zostera Neoparrya Aegiphila Typhaceae Oenanthe Aloysia Zygophyllaceae Sparganium Oreocana Bouchea Fagonia Typha Oreoxis Caryopteris Guaiacum Orogenia Citharexylum Kallstroemia Ulmaceae Osmorhiza Clerodendrum Larrea

-16- Tribulus Zygophyllum

A NUMERICAL SUMMARY

Families Genera

Lycophytes 3 10

Ferns 29 91

Gymnosperms 9 31

Flowering Plants 265 2778

Totals 306 2910

PRIMARY SOURCES

In addition to a number of state and regional floras, monographs, and revisions, I used the following sources for distribution data, concepts, and nomenclature.

Christenhusz, M. J. M., M. F. Fay, & M. W. Chase. 2017. Plants of the world: an illustrated encyclopedia of vascular plants. Kew Publishing and the University of Chicago Press.

Christenhusz, M. J. M. et al. 2011. A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms. Phytotaxa 19: 55-70.

Earle, C. J. (editor). The gymnosperm database. www.conifers.org

Flora North America Editorial Committee. Flora of North America north of . Oxford University Press.

Heywood, V. H., R. K. Brummitt, A. Culham, & O. Seberg. 2007. Flowering families of the world. Books.

Mabberley, D. J. 2017. Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Fourth edition. Cambridge University Press.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. The plants database. http://plants:usda.gov

Kartesz, J. 2015. Biota of North America program. North American plant atlas. bonap.org

Takhtajan, A. 2009. Flowering plants. Second edition. Springer.

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1-20.

The Plant List: a working list of all plant . www.theplantlist.org

The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group. 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Jounral of Systematics and Evolution 54(6): 563-603.

Stevens, P. F. Angiosperm phylogeny website. www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/

Tropicos.www.tropicos.org

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