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San Diego Bay Mission Bay Dana Point Harbor Oceanside Harbor January 2016 Dana Point Harbor Oceanside Harbor Mission Bay San Diego Bay FINAL REGIONAL HARBOR MONITORING PROGRAM 2013 REPORT Submitted to: Unified Port of San City of San Diego City of Oceanside County of Orange Diego Submitted by: Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. 9210 Sky Park Court, Suite 200 San Diego, California 92123 January 2016 Port of San Diego Agreement Number: 50-2013 Amec Foster Wheeler Project No.: 1315102304 ©2016 Amec Foster Wheeler. All Rights Reserved. FINAL REGIONAL HARBOR MONITORING PROGRAM 2013 REPORT January 2016 Prepared for: The Unified Port of San Diego City of San Diego City of Oceanside County of Orange Authors: Chris Stransky1, Corey Sheredy1, Kelly Tait1, Bill Isham1, John Rudolph1, Rolf Schottle1, Philip Gibbons2, Karen Holman2, Paul Maechler2, Ruth Kolb3, Justin Gamble4, Mo Lahsaiezadeh4, Stuart Goong5 and Jian Peng5 Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure, Inc.1 Unified Port of San Diego2 City of San Diego3 City of Oceanside4 County of Orange5 Acknowledgements: This report is the result of hard work and dedication from many individuals with a common goal to improve our understanding of the environmental conditions in the San Diego Regional Harbors. This effort was made possible with generous funding by the RHMP Agencies. Special thanks to the lead agency participants with all of the great ideas and input throughout: Philip Gibbons, Karen Holman, and Paul Maechler of the Port of San Diego, Ruth Kolb of the City of San Diego, Justin Gamble and Mo Lahsaiezadeh of the City of Oceanside, and Stuart Goong and Jian Peng of the County of Orange. Special thanks as well to all of the exceptional support provided to implement the program and prepare this report: Captain Kenny Neilson and Bob Lohrman of Seaventures for field vessel and sampling support; Mary Tamburro and Jordon Volker of Merkel and Associates for field sampling and infauna sorting support; Adrienne Cibor, Peter Arth, Dr. Howard Bailey, and the rest of the crew at Nautilus Environmental for toxicity testing and associated data analysis support; Mark Baker, Misty Mercier, Rich Gossett and the rest of the crew at Physis Analytical for chemical analysis support; Larry Lovell, Dean Pasko, and Tony Phillips of Dancing Coyote Environmental for infauna taxonomy support; Dr. Allen Burton of the University of Michigan and Dr. Brock Bernstein for technical peer review support, Pei Geng, Linda Rauto, and rest of the crew at Laboratory Data Consultants; and finally Tyler Huff, Jeremy Burns, Kevin Stolzenbach, and Holly Ayala of Amec Foster Wheeler for a wide variety of support in the field, data analyses, and reporting-related efforts. Final Regional Harbor Monitoring Program 2013 Report Port of San Diego, City of San Diego, City of Oceanside, and County of Orange Amec Foster Wheeler Project No.: 1315102304 January 2016 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Regional Harbor Monitoring Program (RHMP) provides a comprehensive survey of the quality of water, sediments, and aquatic life on a 5-year cycle in four southern California embayments in the San Diego Region: Dana Point Harbor, Oceanside Harbor, Mission Bay, and San Diego Bay. The RHMP was developed by the Unified Port of San Diego, the City of San Diego, the City of Oceanside, and the County of Orange to evaluate status and trends related to a variety of environmental condition indicators, and whether beneficial uses are being attained and protected in the four harbors. The RHMP is coordinated with the larger-scale regional southern California Bight monitoring program managed by the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP). The RHMP sampling areas were partitioned into five strata classified as either freshwater- influenced, marina, industrial, deep, and shallow regions for comparative assessments. Sampling was performed at a total of 75 water and sediment quality stations and benthic trawls were performed at 15 locations, with stations positioned according to a stratified random sampling design. Surface water and sediment chemistry, sediment toxicity, and biological community conditions were quantified to determine the overall environmental conditions of the harbors. To evaluate the contributions and spatial distribution of pollutants, concentrations of chemical indicators were compared among strata and among harbors. To determine whether the waters and sediments sustain healthy biota, a weight-of-evidence approach was used that combined the indirect lines of evidence (LOE) (chemistry and toxicity) with the direct LOE (benthic infauna and demersal communities). Lastly, determinations of long-term trends were based on comparisons of the 2013 RHMP findings with historical conditions to evaluate whether conditions are improving or deteriorating over time. The results are discussed in relation to the following three core questions: 1. What are the contributions and spatial distributions of inputs of pollutants? Areas of the harbors most closely associated with human uses (i.e., the marina, industrial, and freshwater-influenced strata) tended to have elevated chemical concentrations and greater exceedances of chemical thresholds in surface waters and sediments, as compared with areas that were not closely associated with anthropogenic influences (deep and shallow strata). This tendency was most notably the case for the marina stratum due to consistently elevated levels of copper both in the surface waters and sediments, as well as other metals (e.g., mercury and zinc) and organics in the sediments. The port/industrial stratum, which was located solely along the eastern shore of San Diego Bay, also had elevated concentrations of metals and organics in sediments. The primary elevated contaminants associated with the freshwater- influenced stratum were pesticides (i.e., chlordanes and pyrethroids) as well as zinc. Page ES-1 Final Regional Harbor Monitoring Program 2013 Report Port of San Diego, City of San Diego, City of Oceanside, and County of Orange Amec Foster Wheeler Project No.: 1315102304 January 2016 2. Do the waters and sediments in the harbors sustain healthy biota? A majority of the area within the RHMP harbors was found to be supportive of healthy biota, based upon a weight-of-evidence approach that combines physical, chemical, and toxicological LOE with biotic LOE. However, areas directly associated with anthropogenic disturbance and inputs of pollutants tended to have elevated chemistry and conditions that were less supportive of healthy benthic infaunal communities; this tendency was most notably the case for the marinas and port/industrial areas. Surface water chemistry and physical water quality parameters were largely supportive of healthy biota based on water quality benchmarks. All chemical and physical indicators met water quality objectives and threshold effects levels with the exception of copper, primarily in marinas, and dissolved oxygen in bottom water at a few select stations within the marinas and deep water locations. Using the recently updated State of California Sediment Quality Objective (SQO) approach to assess direct effects, sediment quality region-wide was also considered to be largely protective of healthy biota with 72 percent (%) of stations classified as either unimpacted or likely unimpacted based on a combined metric that includes sediment chemistry, toxicity, and benthic community lines of evidence (Figure ES-1). Supporting the sediment quality line of evidence using the SQO approach, 80% of stations did not exceed a single more traditional screening level effects-range median (ER-M) value for any analyte. Particularly noteworthy, 84% of the 2013 RHMP sampling stations were classified as nontoxic, with 16% considered to have low toxicity according to the SQO methodology while no sites were moderately or highly toxic. Consistent with the sediment chemistry and toxicity LOEs, the benthic infauna at a majority of sites occurred in most areas at an abundance and diversity indicative of healthy communities. A total of 60% of stations had benthic infaunal communities consistent with reference or low disturbance conditions according to the benthic SQO LOE. The variation in disturbance scores observed among benthic communities was a significant driver for final integrated SQO scores. Multiple factors such as physical disturbance and substrate type, in addition to elevated chemistry likely contribute to impaired benthic communities. Finally, the demersal fish and invertebrate community was composed of healthy individuals, with a diversity and abundance of species that were consistent with those of prior regional monitoring assessments. The fish communities sampled in the 2013 RHMP were similar to those of prior Bight surveys in terms of the mean number of taxa caught per trawl, whereas the mean abundance and biomass were greater in 2013. Overall, the diversity, abundance, and biomass recorded in both the 2013 RHMP and historical data sets, along with minimal abnormalities, support the premise that regional harbors are capable of supporting healthy fish assemblages. Page ES-2 Final Regional Harbor Monitoring Program 2013 Report Port of San Diego, City of San Diego, City of Oceanside, and County of Orange Amec Foster Wheeler Project No.: 1315102304 January 2016 Figure ES-1. Percentage of RHMP Stations in each Sediment Quality Objective LOE and Overall Assessment Categories 3. What are the long-term trends in water quality for each harbor? Historical conditions for the 2013 RHMP were determined based on a review of multiple studies
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