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González Pisani, Ximena. 2011 Tesis Doctoral Biología reproductiva de los cangrejos ¨Araña¨Leurocyclus tuberculosus y Libinia spinosa (Brachyura, majoidea) del norte de Patagonia González Pisani, Ximena 2011 Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: González Pisani, Ximena. (2011). Biología reproductiva de los cangrejos ¨Araña¨Leurocyclus tuberculosus y Libinia spinosa (Brachyura, majoidea) del norte de Patagonia. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cita tipo Chicago: González Pisani, Ximena. "Biología reproductiva de los cangrejos ¨Araña¨Leurocyclus tuberculosus y Libinia spinosa (Brachyura, majoidea) del norte de Patagonia". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2011. Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS Y NATURALES BIOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DE LOS CANGREJOS “ARAÑA” LEUROCYCLUS TUBERCULOSUS Y LIBINIA SPINOSA (BRACHYURA, MAJOIDEA) DEL NORTE DE PATAGONIA. Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el área: CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Ximena González Pisani Directora de tesis: Dra. Laura S. López Greco Director Asistente: Dr. Pedro J. Barón Consejera de estudios: Dra. Laura S. López Greco Lugar de trabajo: Centro Nacional Patagónico – CONICET y Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Buenos Aires, Marzo de 2011 ... Se nace y se muere todos los días. Lo sabio es volver a nacer con toda la historia aprendida para crecer todos los días un poquito más..... Eduardo Galeano BIOLOGIA REPRODUCTIVA DE LOS CANGREJOS “ARAÑA” LEUROCYCLUS TUBERCULOSUS Y LIBINIA SPINOSA (BRACHYURA, MAJOIDEA) DEL NORTE DE PATAGONIA RESUMEN La presente tesis tiene por objetivo el estudio de la biología reproductiva de dos especies de Majoidea presentes en los golfos norpatagónicos (41°- 43°S, 64°-65° W), Leurocyclus tuberculosus y Libinia spinosa. Se describió la estrutura del sistema reproductor femenino y masculino mediante observaciones macroscópicas y bajo microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido. En las hembras se observó la inserción oviducto-receptáculo seminal del tipo “intermedia” y los receptáculos presentaron diferencias en la zona de transicion mesodermica-ectodermica entre especies. En los machos se observaron diferencias en la formación de los espermatóforos y en la morfología de los gonopodios. Posteriormente se estableció la talla de madurez sexual y se determinaron los estadios de crecimiento. La talla a la cual el 50% de las hembras está madura gonadal, morfométrica y funcionalmente podría corresponder al mismo estadio de crecimiento. En los machos de Leurocyclus tuberculosus se determinó que la madurez gonadal podría ocurrir en un estadio de crecimiento previo a la talla de madurez morfométrica y funcional mientras que en Libinia spinosa la madurez gonadal y morfométrica ocurrirían en el mismo estadio y la madurez funcional en un estadio posterior. Se propone que la muda puberal no sería la muda terminal. La frecuencia de tallas mostró un patrón de crecimiento similar entre sexos en Leurocyclus tuberculosus y diferencias en Libinia spinosa. La proporción de sexos en Leurocyclus tuberculosus fue de 2:1 (hembras: machos) y en Libinia spinosa la proporción varió entre estaciones. La fecundidad estimada fue mayor en Leurocyclus tuberculosus con menor tamaño de huevos. El esfuerzo reproductivo fue menor al de otras especies de Eubrachyura, siendo en Leurocyclus tuberculosus significativamente menor que en Libinia spinosa. Las especies no mostraron una buena correlación entre la fecundidad y la talla lo que sugiere que otros factores modulan la fecundidad. Finalmente se caracterizó el desarrollo embrionario y el efecto de la temperatura sobre el tiempo de desarrollo. Se describieron 5 etapas de desarrollo. El crecimiento embrionario fue mayor en Leurocyclus tuberculosus y la temperatura de incubación tuvo un efecto significativo sobre el tiempo de desarrollo embrionario total en ambas especies. Palabras claves: Majoidea, sistema reproductor, madurez sexual, estructura poblacional, fecundidad y desarrollo embrionario. REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF “SPIDER” CRABS LEUROCYCLUS TUBERCULOSUS Y LIBINIA SPINOSA (BRACHYURA, MAJOIDEA) FROM NORTH PATAGONIA ABSTRACT This thesis is aimed at investigating the reproductive biology of two Majoidea species occurring in the gulfs of northern Patagonia (41°-4 3°S, 64°-65° W), Leurocyclus tuberculosus and Libinia spinosa. The female and male reproductive systems were described based on macroscopic study, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The oviducts connect with the seminal receptacles at the midlength of the mesoderm-derived region, and there are different structures in the transition zone of the seminal receptacles. Males of both species show differences in spermatophore formation and gonopod morphology. In addition, the size at sexual maturity was estimated by combining the concepts of gonadal, morphometric and functional maturity, and growth stages were determined. The size at which 50% of females reach gonad, morphometric and functional maturity would be attained at the same growth stage. Males of Leurocyclus tuberculosus may reach gonad maturity before morphometric and functional maturity, while males of Libinia spinosa may reach gonad and morphometric maturity at the same stage and functional maturity at the next stage. For both species, the pubertal moult may not coincide with the terminal moult. Size frequency distribution of males and females showed a similar and different growth pattern for Leurocyclus tuberculosus and Libinia spinosa, respectively. The sex ratio in Leurocyclus tuberculosus was 2:1 (females: males), while in Libinia spinosa it depended on the season. The fecundity and the reproductive effort were also estimated. Leurocyclus tuberculosus females had higher fecundity and smaller eggs. The reproductive effort of both species was lower than those reported for other Eubrachyura, with the value for Leurocyclus tuberculosus being significantly lower than that for Libinia spinosa. The fecundity did not show a good correlation with size, suggesting that other factors modulate fecundity. Finally, the embryonic development was characterised and the effect of temperature on development was evaluated. Five developmental stages were determined. Embryo volume was greater in Leurocyclus tuberculosus. The effect of incubation temperature on total developmental time was significant for both species. Key words: Majoidea, reproductive system, sexual maturity, populational structure, fecundity, embryonic development. Al amor de mis padres... Quisiera agradecer: ¬ Al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones de Ciencia y Técnica por el apoyo que he recibido y que brindan a quienes ejercen esta vocación. ¬ Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Técnica por el proyecto PIP- 5835 y a la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica por el proyecto PICT 14700 (dirigidos por el Dr. Pedro Barón) que otorgaron factibilidad a este estudio tanto en lo referido a los muestreos como a la compra de elementos (embarcación, equipamiento de buceo, trampas, GPS, etc) necesarios para el trabajo de campo. ¬ A la Universidad de Buenos Aires por los proyectos UBACYT X143 y X458, a la Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica por los proyectos PICT 953 y 01187 y al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Técnica por el proyecto PIP 129 (dirigidos por la Dra. Laura López Greco) que financiaron parcialmente esta tesis. ¬ A mis directores, la Dra. Laura López Greco y el Dr. Pedro Barón por enseñarme a conocer los aspectos más interesantes de la biología, su tenaz paciencia y por todo lo que he aprendido durante la elaboración de esta tesis y el trabajo que ello les ha demandado. Particularmente le agradezco a Laura su vocación para renovar mi entusiasmo y su presencia permanente a pesar de la distancia y a Pedro su enseñanza para enfocar las preguntas desde diferentes aspectos. ¬ A la Universidad de Buenos Aires por recibirme como alumna de doctorado y al Centro Nacional Patagónico por recibirme como integrante de la Institución. ¬ Al jurado, la Dra. Graciela Esnal, el Dr. Cristián Ituarte y al Dr. Tomas Luppi, por su tiempo dedicado y sus interesantes sugerencias. ¬ A los miembros del área náutica del Centro Nacional Patagónico “Hormiga” Díaz, “Bebo” Vera, Néstor Ortiz, “Bocha” Rua y Fabián Quiroga que han estado con su buen humor y apoyo técnico en los días más lindos y en los días más ventosos junto a mí en busca de los cangrejos araña. ¬ A ALUAR por permitir el uso del microscopio electrónico de barrido. ¬ A Jaime Groizard (ALUAR) por su asistencia técnica con el microscopio electrónico de barrido. ¬ Al Dr. José María (Lobo) Orensanz por facilitarme bibliografía y sus valiosas sugerencias. ¬ A Alejandro Pettovello por su ayuda en el análisis de los datos. ¬ A
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