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studii/documente MESAJUL ŞEFULUI STATULUI MAJOR GENERAL CU OCAZIA SĂRBĂTORIRII ZILEI SERVICIULUI ISTORIC AL ARMATEI iua Serviciului Istoric al Armatei, sărbătorită în fi ecare an la 17 martie, constituie pentru comunitatea Z militară şi civilă deopotrivă prilejul de a-i omagia pe toţi cei care, de peste paisprezece decenii, au contribuit la conservarea şi valorifi carea pe plan ştiinţifi c a testimoniilor arhivistice ale Armatei României, tezaur spiritual destinat să păstreze pentru posteritate mărturiile documentare privind rolul şi locul în societatea românească, evoluţia şi tradiţiile organismului militar naţional, precum şi faptele de arme, bravura şi spiritul de jertfă ale militarilor români. În urmă cu 143 de ani, Înaltul Decret nr. 380 din 17 martie 1867 a consfinţit înfiinţarea „Depozitului General al Războiului”, cu statut de direcţie a Ministerului de Război, care avea în compunere Secţia Lucrări istorice. Această structură indispensabilă, cu atribuţii privind clasarea și conservarea arhivelor militare, studierea documentelor de arhivă, elaborarea de lucrări referitoare la istoria Armatei României, coordonarea activităţii bibliotecilor militare și studierea organizării armatelor străine a constituit nucleul unei instituţii cu responsabilităţi și sarcini specifice în gestionarea tradiţiilor militare, care se regăsește în structura tuturor armatelor statelor membre NATO. De-a lungul timpului, Serviciul Istoric al Armatei României a asigurat un management efi cient al zecilor de mii de unităţi arhivistice care s-au acumulat în depozitele specializate, concomitent cu derularea unui proces salutar de valorifi care a lecţiilor trecutului prin elaborarea de lucrări ştiinţifi ce – culegeri de documente, cronologii, monografi i, dicţionare, albume şi enciclopedii – care refl ectă cu acurateţe şi obiectivitate un parcurs glorios şi o evoluţie constant ascendentă a organismului militar românesc. -
România În Primul Război Mondial
BULETINUL ARHIVELOR MILITARE ROMÂNE Anul XX276/2017 , nr. ( ) ROMÂNIA ÎN PRIMUL RĂZBOI MONDIAL • Generalul Petre Dumitrescu • Pionieri ai artileriei antiaeriene • Contraspionajul militar în timp de pace smg.mapn.ro/SIA/index.html SERVICIUL ISTORIC AL ARMATEI SUMAR Buletinul Arhivelor Militare Rom@ne EDITORIAL Anul XX, nr. 2 (76)/2017 Director fondator Prof. univ. Dr. Valeriu Florin DOBRINESCU (1943-2003) Mesajul şefuluiS tatulu iM ajor G eneral Publica]ie recunoscut` de c`tre Consiliul Na]ional al Cercet`rii {tiin]ifice din |nv`]`m@ntul Superior [i inclus` \n categoria „D”, cod 241 cu prilejulZS ilei erviciului I storic al A rmatei 1 Coperta I: Sublocotenentul Ecaterina Teodoroiu, „Eroina de la Jiu” (Fototeca Mu zeului Militar STUDII/DOCUMENTE Naţional „Ferdinand I”) La ceas aniversar – Serviciul Istoric alA rmatei Coperta IV : Participanţii 1867-2017, la festivitatea aniversării a 150 de ani de la înfiinţarea Dr. Lumini ţa GIURGIU 2 Serviciului IAstoric al rmatei În timp de ră zboi, pe front în linia I,-a Editor coordonator: Colonel Adrian GRIGORE Locotenent-colonel Dr. Gabriel-George PĂ TRAŞ CU 8 Redactor-ş ef: Dr. Lumini ţa GIURGIU Contribu ţii la istoria contraspionajului militar Tel./fax: 021-318.53.85, 021-318.53.67/0314 în timp de pace (1913), [email protected] Drd. Daniel-Silviu NICULAE 16 Redactor-ş ef adjunct: Dr. Teodora GIURGIU Pionieri ai artileriei antiaeriene, Secretar de redacţ: ie Dr. Anca Oana OTU General-maior(r) prof.. univ Dr. Visarion NEAGOE 22 Redactori: Dr. Veronica BONDAR, Lucian DRĂ GHICI, Armata bulgară cucereş te definitivD, obrogea (1916) locotenent-colonel Dr. Gabriel-George PĂ TRAŞ CU Dr. -
Intelligence Infiltration of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Soviet Intelligence
258 INTERNAL SECURITY REVIEW 20/19 Marek Świerczek Intelligence infiltration of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Soviet intelligence Introduction In 2009 a set of documents by L.F. Sockow1, entitled Секреты польской политики. Сборник документов was issued in Moscow. It contained selected materials from the SVR archive (Служба Внешней Разведки Российской Федерации, СВР2) that come from the INO GUGB NKVD (Иностранный отдел Главного управления государственной безопасности Народного комиссариата внутренних дел СССР, INO GUGB NKVD3) and that referred to the foreign politics of the Second Republic of Poland 1935‒1945. Both the editor of the work, i.e. the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) and the set of documents with a clear-cut introduction by gen. Lev Filipovich Sockow leave no room for doubt about the propaganda nature of the work. And it was received exactly so by the Polish side. Polish historians and journalists tried to discredit the paper by proving that the thesis suggested there about the alleged politics of rapprochement between the Second Republic of Poland and Nazi Germans to establish that probable alliance against the USSR is in reality a manipulation. Probably it was only Władysław Bułhak who admitted that gen. Sockow’s work proves the thesis that the Soviets had an agent in the Polish MoFA. He developed a hypothesis that the documents of the Polish MoFA published in the set could have been the result of a disinformation operation carried out by the II Department of the Polish General Staff (further: II Department) against INO GUGB NKVD.4 Apart from the short discussion storm the work did not seriously change the way the intelligence infiltration of the state institutions of the II Republic of Poland by the Soviet intelligence. -
Turcja W Koncepcjach Polskiego Sztabu Generalnego W Okresie Konferencji Lozańskiej (1922–1923)
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej ■ XLIX (z. 2) Joanna Gierowska–Kałłaur, Marek Kornat (oprac.) Instytut Historii im. T. Manteuffla PAN Turcja w koncepcjach polskiego Sztabu Generalnego w okresie Konferencji Lozańskiej (1922–1923). Nieznane memorandum Tadeusza Schaetzla Zarys treści: W artykule przedstawiony został memoriał Tadeusza Schaetzla z 26 grudnia 1922 r., pisany jako analiza pierwszej części obrad konferencji w Lozannie. Mjr Schaetzel przygotował go dla Sztabu Generalnego, powróciwszy do Warszawy z Lozanny, gdzie obserwował obrady konferencji pokojowej. Tekst dokumentu przepełniony jest nadziejami na pozyskanie w przy- szłości Turcji dla antysowieckiej polityki II RP. Outline of content: The article presents Tadeusz Schaetzel's memorandum from 26 December 1922, containing his analysis of the first round of negotiations at the Lausanne Conference. It was prepared on request of the General Staff, following Schaetzel's return from Lausanne, where he assumed the duties of observer at the peace conference. The document proves strong hopes for a future involvement of Turkey in the anti-Soviet policies of the Second Polish Republic. Słowa kluczowe: II Rzeczpospolita, Turcja, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Tadeusz Schatzel, polsko–tureckie stosunki wojskowe i polityczne w okresie międzywojennym, konferencja pokojowa w Lozannie Keywords: second Republic of Poland, Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Tadeusz Schatzel, Polish– Turkish military and political relations in the interwar period, Conference of Lausanne Konferencja pokojowa w Lozannie (listopad 1922–czerwiec 1923 r.) stanowiła jedno z najważniejszych wydarzeń politycznych w procesie kształtowania tery- torialnego ładu dla Europy po Wielkiej Wojnie. Po zakończonej przytłaczającym zwycięstwem Turcji wojnie z Grecją (wspieraną przez mocarstwa sprzymierzone) przygotowano i podpisano nowy i ostateczny traktat pokojowy z Turcją1. -
The Ambiguities of Soviet “Piedmonts”: Soviet Borderland
THE AMBIGUITIES OF SOVIET “PIEDMONTS”: SOVIET BORDERLAND POLICIES IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR AND THE MOLDOVAN ASSR, 1922-1934 Alexandr Voronovici A DISSERTATION in History Presented to the Faculties of the Central European University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Budapest, Hungary 2016 CEU eTD Collection Supervisor: Professor Alexei Miller ii Copyright in the text of this dissertation rests with the author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained by the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copied made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. I hereby declare that this dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees and no materials previously written and/or published by another person unless otherwise noted. CEU eTD Collection iii Abstract The dissertation analyzes Soviet borderland policies in the Ukrainian SSR and the Moldovan ASSR in the 1920s and early 1930s. Adopting the situational approach, I explore the Soviet struggle for borderlands on the Western border and the role of the cross-border cultural ties in it. The dissertation argues that the negotiations, different interpretations and the interplay between actors on both sides of the Soviet Western border influenced and framed the evolution of borderland policies in the Ukrainian SSR and the Moldovan ASSR in 1920s. Although, the Soviet Union was a centralized state with a disciplined party, there was still considerable space for conflicting interpretations of Moscow's directives and the promotion of personal agenda by Soviet leaders and activists. -
Several Documents on German and Georgian Cooperation During the Interwar Period and World War II Are Kept in the Polish Archives in London — Part II1
SENSUS HISTORIAE ISSN 2082–0860 Vol. XXXIV (2019/1) s. 25-48 Przemysław Adamczewski Polish Academy of Sciences Several documents on German and Georgian cooperation during the interwar period and World War II are kept in the Polish archives in London — Part II1 he first signs that social democrats wanted to remove their political Topponents from the Polish Army could be observed as early as in the late 1920s. We see such signs, for example, in a note drawn up by a Polish agent, Lieutenant Stanisław Zaćwilichowski, who at the beginning of June 1929 arrived in Paris, where he talked to N. Ramishvili. Then he informed his superiors that A. Zakhariadze would probably demand to discharge an officer (an opponent of social democrats) from the Polish Army. At the same time S. Zaćwilichowski pointed out that the Polish party would most probably accept such a solution because “the other one is unthinkable.”2 Thus, as early as the late 1920s, an opportunity arose to discharge Georgian officers from the Polish Army, and what is significant for further consideration, not because of the collaboration with foreign intelligence service but due to political reasons — the aim of Georgian social democrats was to limit the number of their opponents in the ranks of the Polish Army. The key events took place after the assassination of N. Ramishvili in 1930. Then, in order to oppose social democrats, some Georgian officers from the Polish Army did not take part in a memorial service for the former Prime Minister. As a result, A. Zakhariadze appealed to the Second Department of the General Staff of the Polish Army3 to discharge those who were absent 1 The first part of the paper was published in „Sensus Historiae” No. -
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#0# DOI: 10.18276/pz.2018.3-06 PRZEGLĄD ZACHODNIOPOMORSKI ROCZNIK XXXIII (LXII) ROK 2018 ZESZYT 3 H W Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Wydział Humanistyczny e-mail: [email protected] JÓZEF PIŁSUDSKI WOBEC SOJUSZU POLSKI Z RUMUNIĄ W OKRESIE MIĘDZYWOJENNYM Słowa kluczowe: Józef Piłsudski, Rumunia, okres międzywojenny, stosunki dyplomatyczno-wojskowe Keywords: Józef Piłsudski, Romania, the inter-war period, diplomatic and military relations Katastrofa militarna oraz wstrząsy społeczne i narodowościowe, będące udziałem Rosji, Austro-Węgier i Niemiec, sprzyjały urzeczywistnieniu niepod- ległościowych dążeń Polaków. Okoliczności te wpłynęły również znacząco na realizację dążeń zjednoczeniowych Rumunii, która po wojnie bardzo rozszerzyła swoje terytorium. Granice Rzeczypospolitej, tak jak i Królestwa Rumunii, wy- kuwane były w sporach politycznych i dyplomatycznych, a także w wyniku regu- larnej walki zbrojnej. Polacy wyznaczali swoje granice w starciach z Niemcami, Rosją Sowiecką, Litwą, Ukraińską Republiką Ludową (URL), Zachodnioukra- ińską Republiką Ludową (ZURL) oraz Czechosłowacją. Włączenie w skład Ru- munii Besarabii, Siedmiogrodu i Dobrudży stawiało ją w obliczu wrogości Rosji Sowieckiej, Węgier i Bułgarii1. 1 J. Pajewski, Budowa Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej 1918–1926, Kraków 1995, s. 36 i n.; M. Wil- laume, Rumunia, Warszawa 2004, s. 86 i n.; o meandrach polityki Rumunii w czasie I wojny światowej zob. także, Wielka Wojna, Rumunia, królowa Maria (1916–1919), w: Polska i Rumunia w Europie Środkowej w XX i XXI wieku. Studia, materiały i eseje poświęcone pamięci prof. dra hab. Wojciecha Rojka. Polonia și România în Europa Centrală în secolele XX și XXI. Studii, 110 Henryk Walczak Początkowo Rumunia budziła zainteresowanie Naczelnika Państwa Józefa Piłsudskiego w kontekście walk z ZURL, które wybuchły na początku listopa- da 1918 roku. -
Preot Militar Sau Preot De Armată?
† VARSANUFIE, Arhiepiscopul Râmnicului ucrarea Bisericii în lume, ca și continuare a lucrării Mântuitorului Hristos, arată lumii adevărul lui Dumnezeu: „Eu spre aceasta M-am Lnăscut şi pentru aceasta am venit în lume, ca să dau mărturie pentru adevăr; oricine este din adevăr ascultă glasul Meu” (Ioan 18, 37). Sfânta Scriptură ne arată fără putință de tăgadă că Împărăția lui Dumnezeu nu se poate dobândi decât mărturisind Adevărul, adică pe Hristos Domnul, Care se identifică cu acesta și, în același timp, împli- nind porunca lucrării misionare, aceea de a-L vesti pe Hristos Cel înviat. Credința și mărturisirea ei este condiție esențială pentru dobân- direa mântuirii: „Cel ce va crede şi se va boteza se va mântui” (Marcu MISIUNEA ȘI 16, 16). Viața Bisericii este împletită cu misiunea, ca poruncă a lui Hristos Domnul dată nu doar Sfinților Apostoli, ci tuturor credincioși- MĂRTURISIREA – lor: „Mergând, învățați toate neamurile” (Matei 28, 19). În același sens, REPERE ALE TRĂIRII Sfântul Apostol Pavel mărturisește: „Vai mie de nu binevestesc” (I Corinteni 9, 16). ÎNTRU ADEVĂR Același apostol ne învață în Epistola către Romani, spunând: „cu inima se crede spre dreptate, iar cu gura se mărturiseşte spre mân- tuire” (Romani 10, 10). Astfel înțelegem că mântuirea noastră ține și de modul în care Îl mărturisim sau nu Îl mărturisim pe Hristos înaintea oamenilor. Credința nu ține doar de intimitatea omului, ci are un aspect exterior obligatoriu. Viața propusă de Evanghelie constă în renunțarea la bucuria noastră de dragul bucuriei celui de lângă noi, ca împreună să mergem pe calea ce duce spre Rai. Creștinul trebuie, cu timp și fără timp, să-L mărturisească prin propria viață pe Hristos ca dar primit de ei prin comuniunea euharistică. -
Polish Authorities and the Attempt to Create the Caucasian Confederation (1917–1940)
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Ś rodkowo-Wschodniej ■ LII-SI(3) Paweł Libera Tadeusz Manteuffel Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences Historical Research Offi ce of the Institute of National Remembrance Polish authorities and the attempt to create the Caucasian Confederation (1917–1940) Zarys treści: Przedmiotem artykułu są próby utworzenia związku państw na Kaukazie, realizowane wspólnie przez polityków kaukaskich w latach 1917–1940. Idea ta, mająca na celu przede wszyst- kim wspólną obronę przed utratą niepodległości, a następnie wspólną walkę o jej odzyskanie, została zrealizowana dopiero przez polityków kaukaskich na emigracji. W 1926 r. powstał Komitet Niepodległości Kaukazu, którego członkowie w 1934 r. podpisali Pakt Konfederacji Kaukaskiej i utworzyli Radę Kaukaską. Od 1925 r. politycy kaukascy współpracowali blisko z władzami polskimi w ramach tzw. ruchu prometejskiego, którego celem było utworzenie wspólnego frontu przeciwko Rosji/ZSRR, a tym samym władze polskie miały wpływ na utwo- rzenie i częściowo na funkcjonowanie Konfederacji Kaukaskiej. Ou tline of content: Th e article focuses on the attempts to create a union of states in the Caucasus made collectively by Caucasian politicians in the years 1917–1940. Th is idea, the primary aim of which was joint defence against the loss of independence, and subsequently a joint struggle to restore it, was only possible to implement by Caucasian politicians in exile. Th e year 1926 saw the establishment of the Caucasian Independence Committee, whose members signed the Caucasian Confederation Pact in 1934 and formed the Caucasian Council. From 1925 on, Caucasian poli ticians cooperated closely with the Polish authorities as part of the so-called Promethean movement to create a common front against Russia/the USSR, and thus the Polish authorities infl uenced the creation and, to some extent, the functioning of the Caucasian Confederation. -
Beginnings of the Józef Piłsudski Institute in New York (1943-1956)
Studies into the History of Russia and Central-Eastern Europe ■ XLVII Krzysztof Langowski Beginnings of the Józef Piłsudski Institute in New York (1943-1956) Summary: Józef Piłsudski Institute was founded in New York, July 4, 1943. The main aim was to maintain constant and independent scientific research facility dealing not only with collecting and organizing historical documents, but also with popularizing unadulterated knowledge about Poland and its recent history. From its earliest days the Institute was based on financial support granted by Polish activists and on membership fees, as well as on larger donations from some members. Since the late forties, when KNAPP activity slowly began to fade, actions and state- ments of people associated with the Institute were regarded as guidelines for independence envi- ronments. These people formed very cohesive environment, being faithful to Piłsudski heritage, negated any compromises with regard to Polish independence. It was strongly anticommunist rejecting all contacts with PRL institutions. Thanks to the energetic work of people connected with the facility rapidly grew both archival and library collections. In 1949 the collection in the library had grown to 2500 books, periodicals reached up to 800 titles. To the library came valuable Polish diplomatic archives, collections of different personalities, as well as documents showing the huge effort of organizations of Poles, who after the end of the war were on the territory of West Germany. Keywords: Józef Piłsudski Institute in New York, KNAPP, National Committee of Americans of Polish Descent Part I (1943-1950) The first plans connected with organizing the Józef Piłsudski Institute in the United States of America dated back to 1942. -
Beginnings of the Józef Piłsudski Institute in New York (1943-1956)
Studies into the History of Russia and Central-Eastern Europe ■ XLVII Krzysztof Langowski Beginnings of the Józef Piłsudski Institute in New York (1943-1956) Summary: Józef Piłsudski Institute was founded in New York, July 4, 1943. The main aim was to maintain constant and independent scientific research facility dealing not only with collecting and organizing historical documents, but also with popularizing unadulterated knowledge about Poland and its recent history. From its earliest days the Institute was based on financial support granted by Polish activists and on membership fees, as well as on larger donations from some members. Since the late forties, when KNAPP activity slowly began to fade, actions and state- ments of people associated with the Institute were regarded as guidelines for independence envi- ronments. These people formed very cohesive environment, being faithful to Piłsudski heritage, negated any compromises with regard to Polish independence. It was strongly anticommunist rejecting all contacts with PRL institutions. Thanks to the energetic work of people connected with the facility rapidly grew both archival and library collections. In 1949 the collection in the library had grown to 2500 books, periodicals reached up to 800 titles. To the library came valuable Polish diplomatic archives, collections of different personalities, as well as documents showing the huge effort of organizations of Poles, who after the end of the war were on the territory of West Germany. Keywords: Józef Piłsudski Institute in New York, KNAPP, National Committee of Americans of Polish Descent Part I (1943-1950) The first plans connected with organizing the Józef Piłsudski Institute in the United States of America dated back to 1942. -
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editorial MESAJUL ŞEFULUI STATULUI MAJOR GENERAL LA DESCHIDEREA SESIUNII DE COMUNICĂRI ŞTIINŢIFICE ANUALE CU TEMA „ARMATA ROMÂNĂ ŞI CULTELE” rhivele militare, în ansamblul lor, reprezintă un tezaur spiritual de o valoare inestimabilă, destinat conservării pentru Aposteritate a mărturiilor documentare care refl ectă fi del evoluţia organismului militar românesc, precum şi pildele de înalt patriotism şi de exemplară demnitate ale militarilor români. Patrimoniul arhivistic al Armatei României constituie şi va rămâne în permanenţă, o autentică sursă de lecţii învăţate pentru posteritate. Nu putem vorbi despre Arhivele Militare Române, fără a-i evoca pe toţi cei care, de-a lungul anilor, au contribuit la conservarea şi valorifi carea pe plan ştiinţifi c a patrimoniului arhivistic al Armatei României. Prin determinarea cu care şi-au asumat responsabilitatea păstrării patrimoniului arhivistic, maniera elevată şi inspirată prin care au valorifi cat şi introdus în circuitul ştiinţifi c ample culegeri de documente, lucrări şi publicaţii de prestigiu şi disponibilitatea cu care au soluţionat prompt şi efi cient miile de solicitări de investigare a unor date şi informaţii în folosul publicului larg, arhivarii, arhiviştii şi întregul personal militar şi civil din instituţiile de profi l şi-au reconfi rmat vocaţia de adevăraţi profesionişti ai unei comunităţi de specialişti cu reputaţie şi probitate în domeniu. General-locotenent Dr. Ştefan DĂNILĂ, Salutând iniţiativa organizării acestei sesiuni de comunicări ştiinţifi ce Şeful Statului Major General de interes naţional, adresez mulţumiri întregului personal din Arhivele Militare Române, pentru eforturile constante şi pentru rigoarea cu care asigură managementul efi cient al patrimoniului arhivistic, conservarea şi restaurarea documentelor cu valoare istorică şi valorifi carea ştiinţifi că a tezaurului arhivistic al Armatei României.