..
UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES
~ NEW YORK
CA.LE ADDRI£ •• ' U NATIONS NEWYORK • ADRI£ •• 1£ TI:LI:OIIIIIAPHIQUII:
P'ILIE Na .~ TR 300 PORI'
••••• and bas the honour to draw his attention to the attached resolutio:a (document S/5380 and Corr.l) adopted by the Security CouncU at its 1649th
meeting on 31 July 1963 in connexion with tbe situation in the Territories
under Portuguese Adll:tnistration. In particular, the resolution in its
operative parasraph 6 requests "tbat all States should refrain f'orthvith
from of'f'erine the Portucuese GoTernmea.t any assistance which wuld enable
it to continue ita repression of' the peoples of' the Territories under i 'ts
administration, and take all measures to prevent the sale and supply of'
arms and military equipment f'or this purpose to the 'Por't'quese Government".
Further, operative paracraph 7 of' the resolution requests the Secretary-
General "to eD.8Ul"e tlle imple~~entation of' the provisions of' this resolutiOD,
to 1"urnish such assistance as he -.y deem necessary ani. to report to tlae
Security CouncU by 31 October 1963•. .•
UNITED NATIONS t,~~~\ NATIONS UNIES
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The Secretary-Gene~ would appreciate reeeivinS information on
.tb.e steps alread¥ taken and those proposed to be taken by His Excellency's
Government, in tbe context of the provisions of tbe resolution as a whole,
to ensure tbe implementation of the prov18ions of its operative
paraaraph 6 which is directed to all Member States. ~s 1Dfor-.tion is neeclad to enable tbe Secretary-General to c~~ ....aate &i,.n to him in operative pa.I'86r&ph 7 of the resolu~ and the Secretary-Gene:r&l. would appreciate it i:t this intormation c~~eeived by hia, at the latest, by 25 September 1963. "--J (j
• •
:_;' ~ ~ -.+ £ ~ .,., t ·"'· ~~ ~~~~. ~ C.c.--~· TO:
THROUGH:
FROM:
SUBJECT:
The African countries we discussed are as follows:
i\1 ~ L 14 y! Ghana- ~ )"'f ff/1° Guinea -;r Liberia-~ "(I" it 1..~ 0
1-fli I J;ff'O Morocco -~JU H I (; Nigeria -.Ni)
y G( (/, g 7 1 (} Sierra Leone - v;-J 11 "/' I t.. r, I"?J Sudan -pt) y ~ r 1 t0 Tunisa. -r
GKJA/m SECRET
UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES INTEROI=I=ICE MEMORANDUM
TO: The Secretary-General oate: September 17, 1963
FIL.E NO . :-~~------THROUGH:
FROM: Godf'rey K. J. Amachree ~
SUBJECT: Some observations on mY recent ta1ks. as the representative of the Secretary-General, with the Portuguese Government
1. Even though the Portuguese Government indicated its rejection of the Security Council resolution of 31 July 1963 (S/5380) on legal grounds, it was interesting to note that the Foreign Minister, Mr. Franco Nogu.a, 'f- exmnined the resolution in detail, paragraph by paragraph. 2. He admitted that operative paragraph 4 of the resolution is within the competence of the Security Council and that his Government is ready to provide all relevant info:nnation. He, in fact, provided the relevant information and, as I have indicated in my report, he tried to show that the disturbance to peace and security in Africa was not the outcome of any conduct on the part of Portugal, but that certain African countries were directly responsible for the situation.
3. Detailed info~tion on the Portuguese comments on the ter.ms of the resolution are contained in my report. Mr. Nogu.a had no comments to make on operative paragraph 7, which empowers the Secretary-General to ensure the implementation of the provisions of the resolution, to furnish such assistance as he may deem necessary and to report to the Security Council by 31 October 1963. 4. Prior to the full meeting, Mr. Nogul§lra and I had a private dis- '{ cussion in his office. He told me that his country is still willing to discuss with the African countries the problems relating to the Portuguese Territories in Africa, without any intervention from non-African countries. In this conneotion, he reiterated the fact that his country is in possession of documents ~ich prove conclusively that the terrorist activities in Angola and Portuguese Guinea have the backing of certain foreign powers, and that Portugal would not give up its territories to any foreign power.
5. Mr. Nogu}dra referred especially to the United States as the most Y.. guilty of the mischief-making countries. In my conversation with Prime Minister Salazar he, too, expressed his concern over the interest shown in Portuguese Territories by countries such as Egypt and Algeria that were neither contiguous to any of these Territories, nor had any ethnic affinities with the indigenous peoples. This was an indication to me
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that, should the Secretar,y-General decide to intervene by arranging for a meeting between Portugal and the African countries to discuss this whole question, the presence of certain African countries lmown for their radical views would be unacceptable to Portugal. Indeed, at lunch on 12 September , Mr. Nogul.dra infonned me that if any such meeting were contemplated, Portugal would have no objection to seeing a country like Morocco as one of the participants. I asked him if Tunisia would be acceptable and he said it would. 6. The Portuguese Government, to me, has its back to the wall, but will only yield to reason if the fact is realized that it cannot, for political and other reasons, suddenly agree to alter a position it has adhered to for a good many years. My impression is that the Portuguese Government would welcome the intervention of someone not personally interested in its dispute with the African countries. It is for this reason that both Prime Minister Salazar and Foreign Minister Nogu3:Wra would welcome such assistance as you may see fit. In the words of Mr. Nogu~a, if both sides can get talking, "the conversations may lead to the unexpected". 7. I may be mistaken, but I am of the view that the Portuguese are beginning to feel the effects of the pressures being brought to bear on them to change their policy towards their African territories. Their greatest difficulty is how to accede to world opinion without losing face. They also want time in which to carry out refonns which they have recently announced. More important, they want to ensure that if the territories became independent Portuguese influence will not disappear. 8. As I see it, the invitation by the Portuguese Government was care- fully thought out. I do not think, as same people do, that the invitation was extended for propaganda purposes. The Portuguese Government is well aware of the e:xplosi ve situation in Africa and realizes that should the present skinnishes in Portuguese Guinea and Angola spread, it will be fighting wars on several fronts against thirty-two African countries. Portugal is also aware of the fact that there will be active intervention by powers f rom outside Africa should there be a con.f~agration, and that it will be fighting without any ally. No matter how long such a .fight may l ast, Portugal will ultimately lose. The after effects of any such fighting will be disastrous, both to the Salazar Government and the entire Portuguese nation. In short, Portugal realizes that if she persistswith her present attitude the consequences will be grave. In this connection I attach a copy of a leading article in the "London Times" of September 12, captioned 11Dr. Salazar Changes His Line in Africa".
9. The Portuguese Government, to say the least, is most unhappy with the United Nations. It feels that it is being discriminated against.
10. You cannot, of course, accept the Portuguese rejection of the Security Council resoluti on, and t his fact I made absolutely clear to Prime Minister Salazar and Foreign Minister Nogu~a. I also made it clear that you will 'fJ proceed, not only to ensure the implementation of the resolution, but that you would also attempt to furnish such assistance as you might deem necessary•
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At no stage during our meetings did t he representatives of the Portuguese Gove~ent ever question your competence to carry out your mandate under operative paragraph 1 of the Security Council resolution of July 31, 1963.
ll. I suggest, as one of the "assistance" you may wish to render, your inviting representatives of the African countries and Portugal for talks with you on the subject of "the threat to peace and security on the African Continent". The subject for the talks is, in my opinion, wide enough to enable both parties to raise the various problems which are of "interest" to them. It should be pointed out that you cannot ignore the cODIIlents of the Portuguese Government on operative paragraph 4 of the resolution. They are, in effect, saying to you that they are not responsible for the threat to peace and security in Africa, but that certain African countries that have allowed their territories to be used as bases for terrorist activities against Portuguese Guinea and Angola are, on the contrary, the culprits.
12. It is my opml.on that the Portuguese Government will welcome any meeting call~d, by you. From info:nna.l discussions with some of the African Ambassadors 11 I have been assured that they will give you every co-operation should you wish to summon a meeting. One of the Ambassadors said to me t hat 11we must exploit any openings the Portuguese may offer and not continue to adopt a tough line11 • All the Ambassadors agree, however, that the init iative should come fran you. They feel that if you consult with them and infom them of your intention to arrange for the talks there will be no opposition from their Governments. Everyone is agreed that as long as any action you may wish to take is within the purview of operative paragraph 1 of the resolution, no African Government will refuse to co-operate with you. It is also agreed that the choice of African countries to participate at the discussions should be left to your discretion. I would only like to add that you should consult with, and seek the advice of, representatives of the African group before you take any decisions. By so doing you will not be accused of by-passing the Organization of African Unity. 13. Provided the African countries to participate in the conference are carefully chosen, the Portuguese will co-operate, and I believe that a meeting, should one take place, may yield some results. 14. If the African countries prove difficult and do not co-operate this fact will, of course, be included in your report to the Security Council. In any case it is better to try and fail, than to do nothing.
15. The subject matter of this memorandum calls for urgent action, especially as the question of Portuguese territories is likely to be discussed during the current Session of the General Assembly. (Item 23 of General Assembly Agenda).
Ambassadors of Tunisia, Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Sudan and Morocco.
Godfrey Amachree Under-Seci.retary, Department of Trusteeship and Non-self-Governing G:.J m Territories. UNITED NATIONS Press'Services Office of Publ,.c Information United Nations, n.Y.
(FOR USE OF INFOR~ATION MEDIA -- N Secretary-General with African representatives, foll.owi~ tile report of Under-Scoretary Godfrey K.J. Amachree on his return to Headquarters from Lisbon. Participating in the meeting with the Secretary-General, which took place yesterday, were the following representatives of African States: f. ,Vl • Albert Sylla, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Madagascar; f· ""'·· Jaja H. Wachuku, Ivtinister for External Affairs of Nigeria; (::',11 1 Oscar Kambona, Minister for External Affairs of Tanganyika; f,N.Alex Quaison-Sackey, Permanent Representative of Ghana; f•~•Diallo Telli, Permanent Representative of Guinea; f--. (1/\- Nathan Barnes, Permanent Representative of Liberia; f. A.. Ahmed Taibi Benhima, Permanent Repre.sentative of Morocco; f./~. Richa~d E. Kelfa-Caulker, Permanent Representative of Sierra Leone; and r- ,;11 Taieb Slim, Permanent Representative of Tunisia. Pursuant to the adoption by the Security Council cf resolution S/5380 of 31 July 1963, on Portuguese territories, the Secretary-General sent a letter to the Government of Portugal. In reply, the Portuguese Government invited the Secretary-General for direct contacts with it in a letter dated 29 August 1963. D}le to the heavy pressure of work, the Secretary-General was unable to leave Headquarters, but in a wish to meet the spirit by which the Portuguese Government was animated, and in pursuance of the mandate given to h~m by the Security Council, he designated Mr. Amachree to visit Lisbon on his behalf and to represent hiD in direct contacts with the Portuguese Government. * *** * ' • UNITED NATIONS Press Services Office of Public Information Ubited Nations, N.Y. (FOR USE O.F INFORMATION MSDIA -- NCfl' AN OFFICIAL RECORD) Press Release SG/1601 ll October 1963 MEETING BETWEEN REPRESE~'TATIVES OF AFRICAN STATES AND PORTUGAL TO BE HElD ON 1. 7 OCTOBER The meetinr uPtween representatives of African States and Portugal, which had been tentatively arranged by the Secretary-Genera~ for Monday, 14 October, will now be held on Thursday, 17 October, at 11:00 a.m. at United Nat i ons Headquarters*. -Jo * *** * *For earlier details see Press Release SG/1595· Unofficial translation from French ~/ INCOMING CLEAR CABLE TO: SECRETARY-GENERAL FROM: HR. MONGI SLIM DATE: 14 OCTOBER 1963 As I am unable to come to New York for the time being, I am delegating Ambassador Taieb Slim to represent me at the discussions in which - acting in accordance with the poNers given to you by the Security Council - you were kind enough to invite me to participate,and which will deal with the African territories under Portuguese administrat ion. Highest consideration, Mongi Slim. • 1 I 1 L5 TU L 17 I c Tll I L t • I f.T I U T RI t 0 I - s t C 1 • T K r ·V CONJ'IDENTIAL UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM TO: The Secretary-General~~ Date: l5 October l963 FILE NO.: ------THROUGH: Godf'rey K. J. Amachree, Under-Secretary ar.J ~ FROM: Department of Trusteeship and Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories sueJECT:Meeting Between Representatives of the African states and the Portuguese Government I have been g1ving some thought to the procedure for the meeting with representatives of the African states and the Portuguese Government to be held next Thursday and it occurs to me that you may wish to consider the following suggestions:- ( a) A short opening statement by you. (b) You mB¥ then wish to invite the Portuguese Foreign Minister to make a statement. (c) After the Portuguese Foreign Minister has spoken I suggest that you adJourn the meeting and request the representatives of the African states to consider what has been said and g1ve their comments at a subsequent meeting, !y so doing we shall avoid unnecessary crosstalk and thereby g1ve the African spokesDI&n an opportunity to consult with his colleagues. (d) At the next meeting the African spokesman will make a statement. Thereafter if there are points to be clarified by Mr. Nogu1era1 he will be invited to do so. (e) After Mr. Noguiera bas spoken I again suggest that you adJourn the meeting so as to enable you to study the statements made with a view to making proposals for consideration by both sides. This break will enable you to carry- out behind-the-scene consultations with both the Portuguese and the Africans. (f) At the next meeting you will present your proposals to the meeting. It is quite possible that if the behind-the-scene consultations are successful such proposals as you may make will be forwarded by the representatives concerned to the Organization of African Unity and the Portuguese Government for their views. CONFIDENTIAL UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM Date: TO: The Secretar,y-General~~· 16 October 1963 FILE NO. : ------THROUGH: FROM: Godfrey K. J. Amachree, Under-Secretary C}.tf:8~ Department of Trusteeship and Information from~ Non-Self-Governing Territories SUBJECT: I attach a draft of the statement which you may wish to make at tomorrow's meeting. I would like to thank all of you for accepting my invitation to this meeting. Your presence here is an indication of your ldllingness to discuss in an amicable manner the problems which are cawsins misunderstanding between the African states and Portugal. As you are all aware I am required, in operative paragraph 1 of the Security Council resolution of 31 July 1963 on Portuguese territories, to ensure the implementation of the provisions of the resolution, to furnish such assistance as I II8Y deem necessary and to report to the Security Council by 31 October 1963. In compliance with the terms of my mandate I addressed an .!!E:! memoire, dated 19 August 1963, to the Portuguese Government in which I drew the attention of the Minister for Foreign Affaire for Portugal to operative paragraph 5 of the Security Council resolution just referred to. I requested !is Excellency to let me have information on the steps taken by his Government for carrying out the provisions of the resolution. In a letter dated 29 August 1963 from the Permanent Representative of Portugal to the united Nations he informed me that his government is prepared to give me "all its co-operation for the clarification of some problems which were raised during the sessions of the Security Council, and which in terms of the Charter may be legitima.tely considered to be matter Within the specific competence of that or~". The letter or the Portuguese Government went on to state as follows: - "For this purpose, and in the conviction that conversations within that context could be advantageous to the objective in view, the Portuguese Government, acting in the constructive spirit by which it is animated, invites the Secretary-General to visit Lisbon, as soon as possible, on a date which !is Excellency may find convenient, for direct contacts with the Portuguese Government". . . -2- On 31 August 1963 I replied to the letter t'rom the Portuguese Government and informed them that because of heavy pressure of work I could not then leave the Headquarters of the United Nations and therefore suggested that Mr. Godf'rey K. J. Amacbree, one of my UDder-Secretaries, should visit Lisbon and represent me at the talks with the Portuguese Govermnent. On September 2 the Permanent Representative of Portugal informed me that his government would welcome Mr • .Amachree' s visit. Mr. Amachree accordingly lett for Lisbon on September 9 and held conversations there with the Portuguese Government on September 10 and 11. Ke returned to New York on September 12 and submitted a report to me. After studying Mr. Amachree's report informal consultations were held with representatives of the African States. The proposal that this meeting should be held was communicated to both the representatives of the M"rican States and the Portuguese Government and as a result o~ the favourable reaction to the proposal I issued a press release on October 9 announcing the date, time and place of the meeting. It is my firm conviction that the problems pertaining to the Portuguese Territories can be resolved by Negotiation, provided that ) both the Portuguese Government and the African States are prepared to compromise on issues which are not really vital to the solution of the main problems. While we cannot during these conversations commit the African States or the Portuguese Government, we can, nevertheless, have a frank exchange of views with a view to making recommendations to the Governments concerned. It is my fervent hope, gentlemen, that these talks will open the way for more formal talka between the African states and the Portuguese Government. Our aim, during these conversations, should be to formulate possible solutions to the problems with which we sball be confronted. I thi:ak it will be appropriate if I call upon His Excellency, the Foreign Minister for Portugal, to speak first and to outline to us the policy of his Government on the question of Portuguese territor ies in Africa. After !is Excellency has spoken, and provided you have no objection, I propose to adjourn the meeting to enable our African .. • .. -3- colleagues to consider such points as he may have raised. At our next meeting the spokesman for the African states will state the African point of view and make such proposals as may have been agreed upon. A:rter he has spoken I will again adjourn the meeting ~o as to enable me to study ·~ the statements made and perhaps submit propo als~at yet another meeting. Such proposals as I may submit will, of course, be discussed by all of us and if acceptable will be communicated by you to your respective Governments for instructions. Our procedure thereafter will depend upon the reaction of your Governments to the agreed proposals. I understand that Mr. .Amachree has discussed this procedure with you and that it is acceptable to all of you. I will now call upon the Portuguese Foreign Minister to addresa us. T OF HI PO ~ ~~· 2 rioan tatea 9 Iff Portu&al 8 8 TOT 19 7 o3!"" ohre Portuguese For. • X.------...... · X rioan apoke Port eee p in X ri reprewentati order o! preoedenoe in lph beti 1 order t ro to be ven ~ eion. top b;y COWltey. p p X A p . I p X p X A I t./ c / .. ~ ? .... ~~· ~·- v ~ ~. . k. / New York November 6th, 1963 ~vr'X' /Yr:K The Secretary-General, in pursuance of the Resolution adopted by the Security Council on 31st July, 1963, on african territories under Portuguese administration, invited the African Group to designate representatives to meet representatives of the Government of Portugal. The African representatives made a full report to the Group on their informal talks. 2 - The African Group deeply regrets that there was no fundamental change on the part of Por.tugal concerning the basic principles which guide its colonial policy. In this respect the African Group reaffirmed that the African States remain open to a dialogue; but in the case of Portugal there could be no dialogue except in the framework of Resolution 1514 of the General Assembly and Resolution S/5380 of the 31st July, 1963, of the Security Council. 3 - The only purpose of such a dialogue should be to bring about the necessary conditions for direct negotiations between Portugal and the authentic representatives of the peoples under its administration with a view to their accession to independence. 4- It appears clearly from the contacts which the African Delegates had in New York with the representatives of the Portuguese Government that this was not the objective sought by Portugal, 5 - Under these circumstances the African Group notes that the con- ditions required to engage in fruitful talks with Portugal do not exist at present. 6 - The African Group is of the view that the question of the possi- bility of future conversations between Portugal and the African States should be left uith the Organization of African Unity. 7 - It goes without saying that the debates envisaged in the various organs of the United Nations concerning the territories under Portuguese ad- ministration will follow their normal course. C 0 M M U N I Q U E New York, le 6 Novembre 1963 Le Secretaire General, agissant en conformite avec la reso lution adoptee par le Conseil de Securite le 31 Juillet 1963 sur les territoires africains sous administration portugaise, a invite le Groupe Africain a designer des delegues pour rencon trer les representants du Gouvernement Portugais. Les delegue Africains ont fait un rapport complet sur la teneur de ces contacts officieux. Le Groupe Africain regrette profondement qu'il n'y ait 1 de la part du Portugal, aucun element nouveau dans les principes fondamentaux qui guident sa politique coloniale. A cet egard, le Groupe Africain reaffirme que les Etats Africains restent toujours ouverts au dialogue, mais en ce qui concerne le cas du Portugal, il ne peut y avoir de dialogue que dans le cadre des resolutions 1514 de l 1Assemblee Generale et S-5380 du Conseil de Securite en date du 31 Juillet 1963. Un tel dialogue doit avoir pour seul but de creer les conditions necessaires a des negociations directes entre le Portugal et les representants authentiques des populations sous son administration, en vue de leur accession a l 1 independance. Des contacts que les delegues Africains ont eus a New York avec le Representant du Gouvernement Portugais il apparait clai rement que tel n'est pas l 1objectif du Portugal. Dans ces cir constances, le Groupe Africain constate que les conditions re quises pour engager des contacts fructueux avec le Portugal n'existent pas a l'heure presente. Le Groupe Africain est d'avis que la possibilite de futu res conversations entre le Portugal et les Etats Africains devrait etre laissee a !'appreciation de !'Organisation de l'U nite Africaine. Il reste bien entendu que les debats prevus devant les differents organes de !'Organisation des Nations Unies sur le territoire sous administration portugaise suivront leur cours normal. oKw. ~~~,; The retary-Gen.ral, in pursuance or the eeolution adopted b7 the· curit7 Council on .31st July, 196.3, on African territories under Portuguese administration, inTited t he African Group to designate repreaentativee to t r epresent t1vee or t he Goven:ma.nt ot Port • Th African representatives e a full report to the Group on their into 1 talke. 2. The African Group deeply r egrate that t here • • no tumaamtal change on the part ot rt al co earning the baaic principle• which guide ita colonial policy. In thia respect the rio QI"Qup reattil'Md that the A.trican States r..:ln open to a dialop eJ but in t he caM ot Port al euch a d:l:41'»1 dialogue could onl7 take place in. the traaework or Resolution 1514 or the Gener .Aasembl7 and Resolution S/53 or the .31st July, 196.3, of the Seourit;v Council• .3. The only parpoae of such a dialogue should be to bring about the necessary conditione for direct negotiations between Portugal and t he authentic representatives of the peoples under its adminietration with a view to their acce ..ion to independence. 4. It appe a cle 11' .rro the contacts which the African D l.eg tea had t his waa not the objeetive sought by Port al. 5. Under thne oil'cwut cea the African Group nOtes t t t he oon41t1one required to engage in fruitful talk• with Portugal do not exiet at pree t. -2- 6. The !trican Group is of the new that t he question ot the poaa1b:1.11t7 of future conYeraationa between Portug . and the ric State• abould. be lett with t e Organiu.tion ot rican tkl!t7. 7. It a without a that the debate a eilviaaged. in the YU'ioua organa of the United ati ona comernin the ten"i.tor!.a tmd.er Portugue actm1 niatration will tollov their ool'ID&l. oourM, .... Afro-Portuguese Conversations Points to be clarified by Mr. Nogueira (a) What is the object of the new Organic Law referred to in paragraph 1? Can the text of the Law be made available now? (b) How were the overseas territories consulted? What are the provisions of the electoral laws and regulations? Who constitute the electorate? Who will organize the new electoral rolls? [rhe part to be played by the African inhabitants should be clearly indicated.J (c) In regard to the proposed elections to be held in March 1964, can an indication be given as to whether or not those participating in the elections will be free to carry out political campaigns. (d) Which "political and administrative bodies" are envisaged in paragraph 4? (e) In regard to the proposed plebiscite: (i) What will be the terms of reference? (ii) Who will supervise the plebiscite? (iii) Who will participate in the plebiscite? (iv) Will observers from the African countries be permitted in Angola, Mozambique and Guinea during the plebiscite? - 2- (v) What is meant by the expression 11within the national f'ramework"? (vi) Can the expression "Government overseas policies" be clarif'ied? (vii) Will the peoples of' the three territories be given an opportunity to sar whether or not they will choose their f'orm of' government? •• GKJA/a PO 210 P (1) s Sir, I aclmowl • receipt. ot 70U' l .t."r U/0363 ot 29 Apr:ll 1D which ou 1ntom ae t 70UZ Go point or U:ftnt.a&e ac 11 or diacuaeiona nth t he Port. •e ...... ~ ... ot •uc d1ecwaaio hu been rejected b.J I &lao 'ftn o uncient.and that at the lA ..e ti.ng ot kinieten in La&oa 1D •bru.r.f thi• .,...,., the tou- oreign lUrd.aten who participated in the tint ••1"1e• ot talk• with t he Port were iwn a rHh to tbia • e . In the ire .ncea, I • ~ ctlo!lll ot tbe nt.a ot Sierra Leone • Liberia and ear on thia 1•au • It, e r , h ttitude o! t ot Tunisia ntl ct he vi • ot t. t oth r 1 I ahal.l be lacl receiw a contirllation t o t.bia eft ct. Accept. 1 Sir, the aaaunnce• of m:r h conaide tion. u H. I. II. 1'a!eb l1a Pe t • pre•ent.ati" ot Tmnaia to t UDit.ed t iona 40 lut 7lat Bti"Mt. .., York 21. I.Y. The Secu.rit,y Council. Hecalling i ts resolution S/5380 or 31 July 1963 concerning tho situation in tho Territories wner Portuguese administration, and in part.icul.&r, operative paragraph 7 by which the Secretary.o.GenGral e requested to ensure the implemntation or the provisions of this resolution, to fUrnish such assistance ae he J'DIJ:i' deem necessary and to report to the Sec~ty Council by 31 October 1963, NotiDB the report ot the Secretary-Gene~ (S/ ) pursuant to this resolution, Noting f'urther that talks have been held under the auspices ot the Secretary-General between representatives or the African State and Portugal and that the parties have agreed to continua tM~ talks, lo Expresses its appreci tion to the Seoretar,y-Genera.J. tor the assistance he has t\lfnished; 2. .Requests the GovarlJIDI!mts ot the Atrican States al'li Portugal to continue their efforts with a view to proDDting a peaceful and earl.)" settlement on tO! basis or operative pa graph 5 of Security Council resolution S/ 5380 ot 31 J~ 19631 3o Requests the Seoretaey'-Genezoal to continue to turnish such aasistan as he rtJB¥ deem necsasary and to report to the SecuritY' Council b.1 30 November 196.3. :. a) In order to eradicate any doubts as to the implications of the concept of "self-determination" as defined by the Government of Portugal, and as to its implementation, the Portuguese Government has further clarified, in the context of that concept, the following points: 1) In accordance with the new Organic Law, recently approved by the National Assembly, new political and administrative statutes have been drawn up for the Overseas territories, their publication being envisaged during November next; 2) After consultation of the overseas territories, new electoral laws have been drawn up, their publication being envisaged for December next. As a result of these laws, the electorate will be considerably enlarged, and the overseas territories have been asked to organize new electoral rolls accordingly; 3) In accordance with the new laws and regulations, and based on the new electoral rolls, new elections shall take place as from March 1964; 4) These elections have the purpose of electing the memb ers of the various political and 2. administrative bodies at all levels, excepting those of the National Assembly, whose deputies naturally have to terminate their terms of office under present regulations; 5) It is under consideration the possibility of a plebiscite, within the national framework, so as to enable the people to have an opportunity to express their views on the Government's overseas policies; 6) The Portuguese Government shall continue to do its utmost to accelerate its programmes of development in all fields, namely education and economy, so as to fester an increasing participation of the population in the administrative and political life of the territories. c) The Portuguese Government is prepared to enter into direct conversations with the African States as early as possible in respect of all questions of mutual interest. There t he tal.k.a now taltiDI plaee 'bet D repre.entative• of Atri :te• &D4 the Port 1e rorei p IUD18ter one rt&at point, t 1• the claritieation t be Port • e.rai•tioll" • rort.\JI •• p rei " re re.&i t burn! que•t i o of •elt- etermi :tion, vbich he belieT a verT 1mportallt o • Th 1 at i••ue ap ret to be . not eo ah aa to t q etion of •elf -dete :tion, but a• to acre-nt on a valid nit ion of tbe eoneept of self'-4eterm•t1on. JlraDkl.7, Port wa opp to a certain e cept of •tll1'- et na1 t ioll . bich ia p.r et 1n it• re ulta ob 1 o act• UD!••• the,r are 4 e in aceord&D.ee Vith certaia re•olllti o or criteria. Portup.l 414 ltelleTe that • olf-4etami•t1oa collld be p etel'll1ne4. Port\lllll.' • olley b i that t re was re it7 o 1t-4etermiJStio 1 J t u t -.. re t o• 1tr t t o t h fora of Matnt•trati of a State. 8elt- d.ete:rai ;ti a to Port ..ant the tlOmeDt ot the papulatioD to a certai l it1c&l 1tructure, type of State ant a4aini•trative orpmAt1oa. !be po.1t1on ot the Part • at on tbe u •ti oD of •elt-cleterai :ti on been ott1c1&1J.T etated 'bJ" PriM M1ni1ter 8&Juar 111 1uterrt., with Lite 1M in 1962. It 1utere•t1 tbat t hi •tat tDt bad. OTerlo ed duri 4ft :tea on this que1t1o , but it -. Tel"J' illportaat aDC1 D&f\11. Mr. ocu-1 believed. that tJ:Mt•• •tat.-nt• pre•eDtect Port e poliq 1a a very tlttere:at licbt to that prea llted in •tat :t• e 111 the TJnited t i o • fo Port\11&1. aelt-4etemiation tbe eoue:at ot tbe people to a certain etruct political orpnia&t io • It CAM Uo\lt b7 participation in adadniatration &D4 b7 participatio in political lite. PortliPl •W.S.tte4 t hat vtaea ia u,r lf:na c0UIIt17 tbe to..uattoa participated. 111 &dld.Di•trative ten at &11 lwell ia polltical life t all leYel11 tben tbe ulatioa was icip&t a.ct•io.. replati ... tbe O\UitJ7'1 &ttaira aDl d.eeiliODI attectilll t M life of t bat aoat17. !ld.• wu vbat wa II&PJftilll 1a Port\IPMe t erritorle•. 'buic ~1 tie• were tbere aDd. be wu Adl.7 1urpri.1ed tll&t •tatant• Oil Jlortvpue poliq t14 DOt correa:poDl with tbe facti. Dle JOPW.ation 111 JlortUCUM• territorie• )l&l't1c1J&tecl in t:M electiou tor aDII. were electet to t be B!l14ore•, tM INilic1pal c 11•, the leli at1ft cCN11C11•, tbe econc.ic &114 •ocial cowacil•, tbe •tio-.1 u ~. tlae cortorat1ve cllaber &lad. tbe OYera- oOUDCU. fMJ' :partic1pate4 in diiCUiiO 1 :aat ODl7 OD &D,J lf.Nll t erritOJ7J but Oil •ttere ..rtai:ai .. to tbe overall State. ft:l• ntn• tlla tree u:pre••loD ot tbe Y.l.lbel &114 will of tM population Uli tMir )IU't1c1pat1c. ill llllla:llli•tration Ull ia political l ite ot t• terri~ . •• - l(a) - (a) ill o:Ner to •raUaata _,. toubt• u to tlae s..pucatiOM ot tba rt e det1111tioa ot ••eU-4etel'WiD&t1on• it woal4 'M ._.. 8&17 tor tbe lort'UIU8H OoY~ to 11141e&te wMtller ill t lae coatut ot the 4et1D1tioa the peopl.. ot Alllola1 llo.-bi • &ad om... would at •a.e tiM tn tbe tutve e stven the opportUilitJ' to 4eci4e tor t!Muel'MB t!ae tol'll ot IO'ftn.t&rt tbey woul.d. like t or their rnpectift territ orte•, and t. t tbe)r all to re•• elve• t'Nel7 oa th1• laat ter. IJ.'M Portypeee CIOYti&IIUt vill, ill tlae -..tiM, 1184anake to prepuoe tbe i :bit • ot tm.e territorie• tor thei r t\lt.una,* re ulb111t1• coati~NB to .at their ~ ot 48ftl nt in the t1el4a of tio11, e• th wbieh t Port e Jore1 IU11iater referred. to in bia Rat • -2- (b) ~~-eti.ea ot the African ltatea ••• th· Jleft..-•• ~· MJIR ._a'-.tllat ta.:re is a t~ ~% ~ peao\ ~A-0 • i t r of ola J ort e o.u • 'lllat lil&he ~~ TiitA:tr i can Stat an prepa:re4 to otter their o:tt'i c_!t.J_. so to r i ut a ~~-r reatoratio ot peace u4 stability ~lie t terrt.tortea Jaat :referred. to. Is the P !!'t • Go t ~ to aY&il it of t b1a otter troa the reprea rntat1yea of Af'l'icaa :te t (c) It t :repl.iH of t h Port to t t wo preeedi q•at:l.o• are in t h aff:l. tin, vould t lae Port • Omr.rrmall!mt to 1Dto direct eoan tio nt the Uri tea vs- .....,,....e::tl ra'I~:&:IY-M~r--~ ~ oo nt ' :e:: !f!9lhe Mrie ountri will (1) '1'o &1ft a parutee that the Port ae OmNY-on.mt will 1 ~ t rep:rea :tifta of cowrtriea at ft11.maa 11lte!'!1At1oral ,.tw•~re ••• wld..le the talks are in ro ••· (2) !'hat the Atrteaa ountriea will cou14er :reator1-. cUpl..at ic ud tr1eD417 relat iODa 1f1tla Portup.l.. ( .3) Tlat d.1ac\18&1ou 011 the .,...tto ot Port~e !'err:l.tortea, vhie v1ll ahortly take plac 1n t Fourt-h ttee later :l.n ~ the ral Aa 17, rill 'M po&tJO_. in order to .-ble the talks 'betWMil ,. :repi'e& tift& ot Atl1.eu ltatea &lid t1w JortUCUM• Oonz.-ut to proc in a ,.acetul at.DQM:re. CONFIDENTIAL UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES I NTERO~E MEMO RAN DUM 0"( TO; ~· secretary-Goo~;t; 4-';/ ~ ·~ ... __2_2_0_c_t_ob_e_r---'19'-6....:..3 __ _ _, fJ- . ~ / FIL.E NO.:------THROUGH: \) \1' ~ v ,..... o 0'. \: . ;::-~ FROM; Godfrey K. J • .Amachree, Under-Secretary c:::;.r-J-tv-~ Department of Trusteeship and Information from ~ Non-Self-Governing Territories SUBJECT; I indicated to you yesterday that I would formulate certain questions which Mr. Nogueira should be asked to transmit to his government. The questions are attached hereto. I suggest that before you put these questions you should refer Mr. Nogueira to his definition of self-determination at pages 5 and 6 of the minutes of the first day's proceedings, and also ask him to clarifY an obvious misunderstanding which arose at yesterday's meeting. It would appear that the African representatives were of the impression that Nogueira had deliberately restricted the implications of his definition of self-determination by stating that the Portuguese, because of the reforms which they are at present undertaking in the economic, educational, health and governmental fields, are already putting into practice their concept of self-determination and that, therefore, there was nothing further for them to do, apart from clarifYing the misunderstanding of their position. When I spoke to Mr. Nogueira yesterday afternoon he informed me that that impression was incorrect. He stated that, on the contrary, his government would be prepared to consider other modalities for the effectuation of their understanding of self determination. At your meeting with the representatives of the African States it is suggested that you notifY them of the points you have asked the Portuguese Government to clarifY and to obtain their consent to your proposals relating to their own course of action should the reaction from the Portuguese be favourable. For this purpose you may also wish to hand over to the African states copies of the memorandum relating to the points for clarification. I suggest that you also find out from the African States their reaction to your sending a fact finding mission of Secretariat officials to the Portuguese territories. It seems to me that this mission will be necessary. The mission will enable you to determine what following the various nationalist leaders in Guinea, Angola and Mozambique have in their respective countries. . •••. /2 .. .. -2- The Portuguese argue that !lolden Roberto has very little following in Angola and tbat should he be allowed to return to tbat country he will be murdered within twenty-four hours, not by the Portuguese, but by the Africans whose kith and kin have been killed in the fighting in Northern Angola. Mr. Nogueira admits that Mr. Neto and Dr. Andrade have some following in Angola. It seems to me tbat a visiting mission is called for because of the requirement in operative paragraph 5 of the Security Council resolution for: "negotiations, on the basis of the recognition of the right to self-determination, with the authorised representatives of the political parties within and outside the territories ••••• " It should be noted that the resolution refers to political parties within and outside the territories so that for any negotiations to be complete political parties other than those he~ed by people like !lolden Roberto, Neto, Andrade, Mondlane and ca«ra1 should be consulted. In other words, political parties, if any, within Angola, Mozambi que and Portuguese Guinea must also be consulted. I submit tbat you caiiJlot meet this requirement of the resolution unless you know who the leaders of the political parties both "within and outside the territories" are. -· •• - .: • • CONFIDENTIAL ' I UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES INTI:.ROFFICI:. MI:.MORANDUM TO: The Secretary~General oete: _...... ,atL:c_,.tuobUJec:.~rt:-..o~:2;.;.;3,_,.,-----'-'1 )l;;u6..l.0:3o~---- FILE NO.: -~~------THROUGH: FROM: Godfrey K. J • .Amachree, Under-Secretary ccJ~ Department of Trusteeship and Information from Non-Self-Governing Territories SUBJECT: The reply of the representatives of the African States to the aide memoire which you handed over to them yesterday is enclosed herein. ~ , I October 23, 1963 ~e African Representatives o :ve been part·· cipa:tillS in conversations 'With the Portuguese Delegation on " mat er of' t e Port-uguese Territo as in Afri ca have r eceived and s tudied ,71 h much interest the Aide Memoire ba.Dded t o them by the Secre y- ~neral on Oetob r 22Ddo ~ Afrte Repraseatat1 s a preei ate t e great interest which t he Secretary-General ~s taken in this matter and dee ly appreeia his efforts to find a s ut on satisfactory to both s1deso '.&a Ai'rican Repr~aDtat1vs-s assure the Secretary·Gent.."l'Bl of thei r d sire and det nation to co-operate v th him. y msb t o reitemte that they B.J.--e reprosellting t rty•t't-70 African stat E1Dd operating under terms o:f reso~ution passed at the s Abe: CoD:fe nee or A1'r1can !leads of state am GoveriJment 1 the relevant portion of' which is quoted here1.1Dder: 011 lo lares that t he t or 1ble eitiOII by the colonial powers at th set ars to control t he govennnel!ts am adm:inistr ticms of the depeDdent territories is a :flasra,nt violation of the ibali emble rights of e l egitimate t nllabttants of the t erritories coDCemed; 2o Illvttes th colontal :PO'~ers to t.ake the necessary measures ror the imnediate pplicatton of' th claratiOD on th Gre.ntiDS of IDdepeDdence to Co oDial Countries and Peoples; eDl 1DS1sts tll!at tbeir determiiJSti o to ma.iDtaiD coloaiee or semi-colonies 1n Africa co titutes a menace to the peace o t he coJit1nellt; 6. IDterv nes expressly 't7ith tba Great ers so t hat they cease, without exception to 1 direet or i ndirect support or assistance to those coloDial st govermueDts which might use such assi stallce to suppress Mricsn m.tional. liberation ants, partie i7 the Portuguese Govel'IIDE!Dt which is coDducti ug a real ar ot gc.mocide in Afrtca; i llfonns t allies of colo el. powers t mt t~ must choose ~een their trtelldship for the African peoples and their suppo~ of ers that oppress Africa» peoples; oo o•ooooeooou 00 ' . -2- Undel.~ tlles~ circll.III.S'ta.nces they 'believe that their m.a.in objectiv must be ·to achiev the goals s et at Addis Ababa e.nd compromises on t h ir part rill ha; e to be 1-lithin caret'ully prescribed limits., Wi·th s backgrou:nd t he A:fric Rep ~sentatives of i'el" the ollomng colllllents to one ~ the Aide Msmoi re: e first sellt e of aragra 1 {a) should be modified so as to replac "'at some time in tlbe fttturew llith the plu•ase, tw\7ith t leas·t poss1 le delay"; and the pbrase 011 p1-epe.re the inbabitauts of tbese territories for their ~ure respoosibilities andw in t e sacoDd s nt nee should be deletedo In cOJmecti on witb s\Jb-pa.ragraphs (b) aDl (e) t African Represautatives ere prepal'ed to put the Portuguese Govsrmnent in t ow:h ·t#h th Atric Co-ordinati ng C ttee created at Addis Ababa t o facUitat direct coutact with Africa eaders of Portugues territories presently outside the aid territories and to use their good offices in fac111ta.tiDg negotia" onso lieTertlieless as a leverage the AfricaB R seDtati s vould like to enlist the coutinued good offices of t.h Becretary·Generalo ns to t mt portion at 'tbe Aide Memoire 'tmi.ch makes ~~e. ·, requests of tb& .African Representatives, they would like to state t hat thay are DOt in a position to recommeDd to th ir Govermnents that gua:rtmtees be S1 n to the Portuguese Government against emba.I'l'8Ssmauts by African stat at tutaraa.tioll!ll. conferences or that di amatic and friendly relations be restored until there is Cl!rtaiaty t hat negotiations '\-T.l tb Portugal will suecesstulo ~Y would stat further t llr.at postponement of discussions in t he Fourth CaiiDittee and the ~ emuy o:r tbe Assembq on the matter of the Por'~ugues territories could be consi ered by the Mrican Representatives if tallts wit a view to finding a solutiOil ,.lit n - . a. :reasonab~ period are i n progt.-ess o CONFIDENTIAL Summary of Meeting !etween Portuaal and Representatives of African States lleld in the Secretary-General.' s Office, 17 October 1963 fCII\t$T Mt:ET',A/4 The Secreta;y-General recalled the correspondence between himself and the Portuguese Government since the adoption of the resolution by the Security Council and Mr. Amachree 1 s subsequent visit to Lisbon. J!e said tbat,based on Mr. Amachree 1 s report, he had had informal confidential discussions with a number of representatives of African States. Based on the views of these representatives he had extended an invitation to the Foreign Minister of Portugal and representatives of African states to meet together with him and to exchange viewa in the hope of arriving at a formula suitable to both sides. The Secretary-General aJ.so recalled that he was bound by paragraph 7 of the Security Council's resolution under which he was obliged to report back to the Security Council. !efore the meeting got down to the substance of the matter he would like to suggest a procedure to be followed. lie would first ask the Foreign Minister ror Portugal to make a statement out11ning the position of his Government. After hearing the Foreign Minister's . statement the meeting could perhaps adjourn so that the representatives of the African States could study it. The next meeting would be held tanorrow when the spokesman of the African States would make his statement. Be would like to study both the statements over the weekend and then on Monday he could meet informally with both parties. A final meeting would be held on Tuesd~. -2- Mr. Nogueira said that he was grate:f'ul. to the Secretary-General for the efforts he had made in convening these tal.ks and his Government attached great importance to these meetings. With regard to the character and nature of' these talks, he said that it was his view that they would be private and confidential and CI.O u.-/.;c. ,... L4J,.J. that whatever both sides said 1o~ould be treated ie •aat way until a decision had been reached. His ~overnment approached these talks in a spirtt of' goodwill and frankness and was guided by a spirit of objectivity. His delesation did not wish to indulge in accusations and he hoped that the representatives of the Af'rican States had the same wish. Allegatiou led to counter- allegations which in turn led nowhere, but created cobfusion and prevented the talks from proceeding harmoniously. There was no denying that there were divergent views concerning Portpguese policies in Af'rica. For the sake of clarity he would present his statement under two main headings: First, he would consider questions of fact: secondly, he would consider questions of' ideology, policy and principles. !Ie '\oTould deal with questions of fact first as this might help in an understanding of questions of' policy. There had a great deal of' emotion in the discussion of' this question in the United Nations. Emotion had been felt on both sides, on on the Af'rican side and/the part of' the. Portuguese Govermnent. llmotion invited emotion and did not help in ~g the issues clearly. The issues should be discussed without emotion and this should help one to get a clearer picture of the facts. . . -3- Turning to questions of fact,he said that in the debates in the ..u.£.0 United Nations on this subJect two -'ies or facts bad been presented ~ againstAactions of the Portuguese Government. First,~ facts designed to show that the policy or Portugal with regard to Africa represented a threat to intel"Il&tional peace and security. Secob.d, facts relating to actual conditions designed to show that It :£tiU important to have a clear picture of the facts relating to the threat to peace and security and actual conditions. Portugal did not feel that it represented a threat toi ~e peace and security of the world, or of Africa. Whenever it heard these accusations the Portuguese Government was amazed and could not understand the reason for them. Tb constitute a threat would mean that it was the intention of Portugal to threaten the security of an African state. Did the Af'rican States believe that Portugal. wished to threaten the security of any African country? There would be no benefits to Portugal from such activities. However, the question of a threat to peace and security in Africa should be looked into and if' the African states were willing to do this1 Portugal was also willing. He would stress his amazement at the cbarges that had been made against Portugal. Portugal should try to understand the African point of' view, but the Africans in turn should try to understand the Portuguese point of view. Far f'rom being a threat to peace and security, Portugal felt itself to be threatened. lie lTould not pursue this particular point, but he would stress that ~Portugal f'elt the accusations which bad -4- been made to be quite baseless. The issue was of utmost importance and should lle looked into to see who was threatening peace and security in t.VfO the continent of Africa. Not long~the Prime Minister of a neighbouring African country had made certain accusations against Portugal. The Portuguese Government found it hard to believe that they had been made and could not imagine how such statements could be substantiated. Meeting adjourned until 3.45 p.m. ,i • CONFIDENTIAL i I t I ) of Meeti Second Meeting ~. Nogueira recelled that at the morning's meeting he bad deaJ.t with questions of fact in relation to the threat to international peace and security, more especially in Africa. lie would now deal with questions of fact relating to actual conditions in Portuguese Territories. He was aware that this was not the central part of the problem, but a proper investigation of conditions in the territories bad an important bearing on the main question. When he listened to statements in the United Nations he noticed that many accusations were made which had 7: RELATion not~the policies or ideologies, but to the actual conditions. Perhaps these statements had been made because there was a good deal of emotion attached to this question. Xowever, he believed that when representatives made these accusations they were convinced that they were true and corresponded to the facts. !e did not doubt the sincerity of the persons who had made these statements. That was wey it was important to look into these accusations and see whether they corresponded with the facts. Portuguese polic~in Africa bad been represented in language that was not becoming to them. They had been called repressive, stagnant, outmoded and incapable of evolution. Be would deal more fUlly with these accusations at a later stage, but at this point he wished to state that such accusations could not be sUbstantiated. -2- He would like to draw attention to a recent event about which the world press had been silent. Recently the President of the Republic of Portugal bad visited Aneola for a period of three weeks. He had travelled widely in AJJgola, even in the disturbed areas in the north, he had mingled with the whole population and had been enthusiastically received everywhere. Ke had also opened hospitals and schools. During the visit of the President there had not been a single untoward incident. Moreover, his itinerary had been pUblicly known in advance. For those who claim that they contro~led large segments of the population of Angola it was significant that they were not in a position to provoke one single incident. Portugal attached great importance to this, in connection with its claim that a state of normal;{cy existed in AJJgola, that working conditions were normal and that l81.~ ot war or rebellion existed. Indeed, Portugal would not have planned such a visit if it had not been sure of this normal~cy. The facts relating to this visit were proof of the truth of his ~vermnent' s statements concerning normaljcy in Angola which certain delegations bad not accepted. He also drew attention to events which had taken place duriDg the President's visit to AJJgola. First, the President had inaugarated the first stage of a large dam which was part of a bydro-electric scheme costing $35,000,000. This would mean new wealth for the country, more jobs and greater production. Secondly, the President bad inapgurated a university in Lvsnda. Another university in Lorenzo Marques (not opened by the President) had also been established recently. He believed that all would agree with him that the opening of two more universities in the continent of .Africa was a significant and important development. -3- These factsto which he referred were very important in order to get a clear picture of conditions in Portuguese territories and showed how Pcrtuguese policy was being imp!lemented in its territories. If there was a clear understanding of actual conditions it would be possible to understand Portuguese policy better. This, however, was not the only problem. There was also a political problem. Wbat was Portugal• s policy, its meaning and essence? Portugal1 s policy had been strongly criticised and had sometimes been understood by others in a way that did not correspond to the carrying out of that policy. All members of the United Nations basic were bound by the Charter. Where did Portugal! s/plicy go against the principles and ideologies of the Chartert Be admitted that same provisions of the Charter needed amendment, but since it was t he basic document of the United Nations all should try to implement it. Based on a clear interpretation of the Articles of the Charter it was not possible to condemn Portuguese policy. What are the features of Portuguese policy? ~sically, Portugal aimed at building a multi-racial society. Sometimes Portugal had been told that this meant white supremacy. He denied this. Sometimes there was confusion between e- multi-racial policy and a policy of partnership. Portugal did not say whether this policy was either right or wrong. It simply did not accept it. Port,~ese policy was one of equality for all races, creeds and colours, regardless of origin; equality before the law; and equality of advancement in all fields - p1iticsl, social and economic. From the points of view of religion end philosophy, everybody agreed that society should be multi-racial and that all races should live together peacefully, working together for progress. -4- There were various ways and means of' building human society. One must remember that one is dealing With human beings, with hearts ~ ...~ ... u:~ and souls and not with :reftle'be things. There were two possible ways of building a human society. It cou~d be done by means of a political programme, or by means of a sociological programme. In the first case, one could establish political goals and priorities, but under a sociological programme it was not possible to establish the same kind,8 of goals. In this case society was built by creatiJJg enough doctors, teachers, engineers etc., and by giving the people a political conscience. A political conscience comes from equality before the law and equality for advancement in all fields, political, social and economic. Portuguese policy was put into practise as follows: (1) Through a policy of education: He would give no figures relating to educational development in Portuguese territories. ~owever, he f'elt that the African representatives should look into the figures that were available which would show that Portugal. was not lagging behind anyone in Africa. He recalled his statement last year to the effect tha~,with the exception of Nigeria, the proportion of educated persons in Portuguese territories was one of the highest in A:frica. The development of primary, secondary, technical and university education was one way of building up a human society. -5- {2) Through a policy of economic and industrial development: lie had referred to the newly opened hydro-electric scheme. This was one example of what Portugal was doing in its territories in the economic and industrial. field. 'l'he territories were advancing very rapidly to higher levels of development to the benefit of all. ( 3) Educatio~, economic and industrial development led to the creation of political consciousness and to an increasing participation by the population in the running of the affairs of the country, at all levels. '!'here remained the burning question of self-determination, which he believed was a very important one. The point at issue appeared to be not so much as to the question of self-determination, but as to agreament on a valid definition of the concept of self-determination. Fran!ly, Portugal was opposed to a certain concept of self-determination which is predetermined in its results and which ignores all acts unless they are done in accordance with certain resolutions or criteria. Portugal did not believe that self-deter.mination could be predetermined. Portugal's policy believed that there was more than one modality of self-determination, just as there was more than one moo.ality with regard to the form of administration of a State. Self-determination to Portugal meant the agreement and consent of the population to a certain political structure, type of state and administrative organisation. The position of the Portuguese Government on the question of self-determination hed been officially stated by Prime Minister Salazar in an interview with Life Magazine in 1962. It was interesting that this statement bad been overlooked during debates on this question, but it was very important and meaningful. {Mr. Nogueira. then quoted a number of Mr. salazar1 s replies gLven at this interview). -6- Mr. Nogueira believed that these statements presented Portuguese policy in a very different light to that presented in statements made in the United Nations. To PortugalJself-determination meant the consent of the people to a certain structure and political organisation. It came about by participation in administration and by participation in political life. Portugal submitted that when in any given com1tey the population participated in administrative matters at all levels and in political life at all levels, then the population waa participating in decisions regulating the country's affairs and decisions affecting the life of that country. This was what was happening in Portuguese territ ories. The basic realities were there and he vas sadly surprised that statements on Portuguese policy D did not correspond with the facts. The population in Portuguese territories participated in the elections for and were elected to the Regidores, the municipal councils, the legislative councils, the econanic and socie.l councils, the Matio:cal. Assembly, the Gorporative 6'bamber and the &:werseas f"ouncil. They participated in discussions, not only on aey given territory, but on matters pertaining to the overall state. This represented the free expression of ·the wishes and will of the population and their participation in administration and in political life of the territory. It was important to establish the validity of these acts. To sane African delegations they were valid only after certain demands had been presented, or when they were in line with certain criteria. This ignored the past. Same value must be given to political and administrative -7- life prior to the establishment of these criteria. The political probl em of self-determination in a given territory and the actual conditions prevailing in this territory were intimately related. It was necessary to ascertain how political life fUnctioned. One could not make important political judgments if one was not able to make a correct judgment on the facts. Portugal had made a number of attempts to establish the facts publicly. It was true that his government had not been in a position to agree to suggestions which had been made in the United Nations resolutions, but this we.s not bec.'Buse Portugal bad anything to fear from an investigation. On the contrary, it was so sure of the ree.lities of vitality, progress and evolution, that it vould like them. to be known, but these suggestions bad been linked with certain ~~ with political menclates which created difficulties for Portugal. :Bu:t these difficulties should not prevent all parties from continuing to try. All shared the same ideals and all knew what was at stake, I!8mely the welfare and well-being of the population e.nd progress in the economic and political fields. The objective was most important - the procedure shou~d not matter. He then referred to the United States proposal made at the 17th Session of the General }.ssenbly. This was meant to clarify certain issues and even if it had not reached the paramount issue, it might have helped. He recalled that uncter this proposal the President of the General Assembly was to appoint two rapporteurs of interD&tional standing to report on political, economic and social conditions in certain Port1~ese territories. Same delegations did not find it possible to accept this proposal. Re pointed out that this proposal bad been presented within the framework of the United Nations and that the -8- two rapporteurs were to have been appointed with the agreement of both Portugal and the African states. He thought that this was a just and regretted :fair way to ascertain the :facts and he ~ that the proposal had not been accepted, He also recalled that, as Foreign Minister, he had :from time to time indicated that owing to his government's concern it had shown • 1 J its willingness to accept qualified representatives in an atmosphere o:f' confidence and trust to see conditions in Portuguese territories. He pointed out that the acceptance o:f' such o:f':f'ers did not mean the endorsement o:f' a particular policy. It meant merely a willingness to go and see. He stressed the importance of separating these two issues and hoped that af'ter consideration the African States might find some merit in these offers.fAs this was a private and confidential meeting, be would like to draw attention to another aspect.) ~o one could :forget that this was ;time o:f' power politics and that the world situation was overshadowed by the cold war. This cold war situation also affected Africa. Portugal had bad intimate connections with Africa for a long time and felt that it had some knowledge o:f' African conditions and problems. 3ecause of this experience, Portugal had the fear that Africa had become an inst9ument in the cold war. Policies were being pursued in Africa that were not in accord with African interests and progress. These policies were being directed by outside powers which did not have at heart African progress. Portugal did not wJto become a part o:f' that struggle, or follow policies which would not :further the interests o:f' Africa. He v.ondered whether all were aware of these facts, In discussing the question of the Portuguese territories there bad been deep emotion on both sides, but i t was necessary to see the whole picture with a cool .... . ,. . -9- head and objectively. He could see signs in Africa of same policies that were not entirely fitted to the interest& of the continent of Africa. He had drawn attention to this point because he believed that it was important to view their problems in the context of the overall situation. 7fHe then drew attention to statements he had made in press co!lferences to the effect that Portugal 'Wished to begin a dialogue with the African countries on matters of common interest. Apart from questions of ideology, there were questions that could be discussed. This applied to neighbouring countries, particularly. The problems could not be solved ov·ernight, but it was important to be in a position to keep talking. Portuge.l re:fuaed to believe that for one particular problem there was only one 1iKtK valid solution. Given goodwill and frankness solutions could be found. This was the manner in which Portugal approached these talks. The meeting adjourned until 11.15 a.m. 18 October 1963. I I / I ! , I CONFIDENTIAL ,I UNITED NATIONS • NATIONS UNIES INT~ROFFIC~ M~MORANDUM The Secretary-General TO: oate: 18 October 1963 FILE NO . : ------~- THROUGH: God:f'rey K. J. Amachree, Under-Secretary FROM: Department of Trusteeship and Information frcifii Non-Self-Governing Territories suBJECT:Meeting on Portuguese Territories I attach copy of a summary of the proceedings at this morning's meeting. I _61mm!ag of Meeti ng bftlreen Portgal aml Repr :eeutati ves of the Africatl sta"tes, Held i n the Beeretazr:General0 s Office, October 18 1963 TIIRD MEETING Mro huk.u (N1D1st er for Extenml Afftt:!.l'8 of Nigeria ar.ld s pokesman 'Zor t!l:te Africu States) t.baukecl Mro No@!lfaira for his statemmrt., which t:be rep se!ltatives of tlt!;e African i:>'ta~es studied with careo Be boped t hat t bese maet1ap would tmable Portugal and the Atrieu states to settle their differences, &lid it V&s in tllat spirit t bat he would make a D'&lllber of commeutso First, be would like to poiDt out certailll thiap so tbat the meeti~~g could go on to focus its attention on imJiort&at po1Dtso f.h"o lfo8ue11'8 had described the econanic, social 8.ud eclllC&tio!&l. devel eat in t he Port~e territories and he had laid stl~ss OD the YBri.ous invitatiODB t3lat l1iad en made by the Govermaent o-r Portupl. to see coDditicms in the territories, which had beea ref'usado 'flle Africa States did aot deD,J tbat some developmetlts bad taken place in tll88e terr1tor1esa Portllg!Bl lmd baen in Atrica for five !nmdred 7'-.r& Ud ao Ollle aiDta:lDSd tlbe.t they bad 4oDe · DO'th:lilgo ~ educatioal 8Dd acollOID1c develoJIIlellts tat had taken place in the Po~ugueee territories veri to be upected and vere aclJUDCta of the present de¥, but the illlpol"tEmt issue wu tllat ot aelf•determiD&tioa, vld.chvaB a political tssUB 8Dd over abadCMed quest1oDB of ecoDaDitJ .aDd soc1el dnelcpneDto b 188118 was whetber Portvpl was pNpa.recl to carr.r out tllte oblis-t10118 it bad~ accepted \lllder the CJI&rter ot the UD1t8cl RatiOD8o . -2- ob11p.tioae ot ~rs conce:nl1DS uoa-self'•SOV rD:J.ag terrttol'1 o Portupl. . one of the ar. e.dherents to the 0art r 2Di all tbat t • Africans we e.sk.iug was . ~ e dispute ~ . ·•·. iamedia.te aad. eease.17 st to tultU its obligaticma - vb er Port.upl accepted the priac1ple ~ selt•detemioatioD alld wa wUl.1 to telte thli f •• · . necessary steps t o impl~:t ito lie stressed. tmt e.t t ld.e poi vas Dot coDCerned with the Jllodal1t1es of ~ v e que11tion1 but with tlt_ _. point of priDC_iple.. e also drew Mro IJosEJ.ra' s attentlcm to Article lo2 of tu Clartv wld.ela statu t t one of t purpoa of 'the tbit ed J'lati a :tiODS.. bas Oll ures to s'treqt Aftiema states ua 'Umt Portugal oblip.t10DS UDder t Chaner 8.Dd iDtaDiled to implement themo . . : .~ . !be Mric states were, t nw to rortUBBl , · lit llll aa,y ease, tbe political clima'te ...-a the dec:J.atoecl vtebea ~ the peopl.e African to Port states vould 1 .. ,... pursue peacehl 4walopnat &D4 BIBS.DtaiD ecccamic,. oc:lal ead. otller t1ea th people all over the vorl4" Be "bel.ltmiil t»t if Ws one poillt or eonteatlora cou1.4 be DO problem in the relationa betweD P rt1JSB]. 8.114 the Mrica Btates.o Ha reea.lled t!aat Hr.. liapJit1ra ~14 t111at seJ.r-cletemlDatiaa was t h!! agreemell\ of Ule po}Nl.atlOil to a certain atl"U.'Ct.ure ot the State.o Be ILDd bis colleasues 1uld us\111184 bl' t).e retereace that Nr o .108\IIJlft\ bad. Dl84.e to th Portvgueae PriM MtDiat with Life ~ille, tbat Port11881._ w.s DOt ~.~ verse to hagoleu' . 8lfd tho q\llli&tion '-1'8S one of mocJalitt es. Be woul.4 like a el.eri.ficatton eo, tlda I t wll: , illportaat to clarlt) thla quat1on of self-detendDatton for, &lS .the. Atr!CilD8 Wllleret~ it, ecoDCidc, social ~ actuc~te8Ll dnal.OJizleDt. would lllltural.l3 t allow trom 11148pudanceo same. aa the Atr1C8Da. o It ,.. tbe JMIOP].e smuld be able to 4Wcicle tM tne of' pol1ti cal ati'QCtUN tMD the ODl¥ quuti on that r-etDed. wea vol'k1DS out 1fll18 of JuttiziS this pnaciple i llto pzectineo Be t~ recalled that ~" Jbpelm Jaa4 made ac:ae ~ftll'eiiCe to outside iDtorfereDCe.. U grea:~ pm~ers, the .Ai'riCBllB believed t ey could be i solated from au;r participation 1D ror. out a solution to the problems bcmre Atlican Statcts. He 7oald lik a cl.a:rificat OD em a potu',., 03 t e same matter, e · ould like a. :furtbar cle.rification as to whether Mro !! ira.. when referring to o\Itside interferenca, tad !lad in mind the 'ted Na"Gions, the African States, or ortugal in Augola. It ,Jas itnpOJ"te.Dt that the 'two parties should "'llJderstand one anot.h on these ic po:LDts . Ollce ther thQ7. eo'llld concantrate on the pol tic iss'Wa of sel.f•deteminatioD 68d ind e!IC&o Mr. Iilocsueira aid tbat he ould e a tw camJilflllts n~.,, but vo like to st-a[Jy Mr.. t.zachuk.\"t' s stat . nt more f\ll.1y bGfor~ he e a cOJIU)lete • He lad DOt t!lought 1t wcruld be nec:essar,y to go back to th.e question of J\rti.ele 7-,.. Portugal. had stressed mBey" t imes t bat it did not agree 1itb that prticular 1Dt rpretation of ·Art c1e n. Dle fact tllat Po1-t its attn :LDterpratation should not be cons14e~ed s crime .. i'ld.s was the :f..ntot7ret.a.tion t :t. Po 'U8&l f 1D tbe Oeoer Assembly ,.7 it 'became a member of tbe 1111ted Nat OilS.. Ba stressed tbat it vas DOt an iJrterpreta.tion ar:t.giDat d b;v Portupl. for Naaoas of axpedieacy, or opport-uzd.sm. Part\78Bl accG",Pted tile int :tion then accepted by the uez~u. .n.;;;~~ibq (at th end o 1955 d I 'b-as true that this vas not the inter atatioD tbAt preva.Ued. tO(Jey'o Probabq s ome other delegatio had clumged their ewa, but Portugal :felt 1t Dtitl d to btwa its ow vi~TS o •...- _,_ On the question of the def1n1t1on at tbe "rol'd •population", lze d tba.t his 4a1'1nit1on ·788 that e word •Jt0Pulat1ou• meant the population of ADsola, Mozamb1 ue 'l:omll:'e would be no dcnlbt es to this. 4 1/2 m1ll1011J . Wen e had spoken of t e po;ulation. ~ rot 1"1"1113 to the quest em De.tiOD aid that i t \18.8 t the Portusueae det1DS:t1oa meant t.lla egre~eut ot 'tbe larse IIJ.\1ori.ty ot the population t a &iV'm cammmity to th stncturo of t State 8lld o expUcit cODsent ot the people t o tbe particular JO].ltieal 6JMl admimstratJ.w organisati on. ure tor t o hat ba4 said. t W e was DDt impartaDt, aor would t say t hat 4mle DOtbiDs ill tld.s :reBJMtct, but this llOt the 1JiportaDt po111t was t q'USStioa t llat t populat:I.OD ahou14 u:pli cit COliSemt o its politl.cel ~ sat1011o HrG liogueil'8 Jm4 8l;l."e8d t tbe 84ult B 0 4l/2 mWJ. people o~ Allgda, far eumpll. , should vork out t nature and ~'tructure of ... • • L. -6- ·i; State. once. re w..s e.g:rG ·If em W.S question th anly' quest~on remaining 18.8 wh He el.so po1 Od out. that no Afriean state ~c'llld sq that PQrt\2Pl s uld 118ft no part in azJ7 d lslon.. All thf: Mrioau Stat.es wanted 1:1as for Portugal t o do what t: e um.~.-e d Kimgdom aDd Franca had doJle 1n t sir territories, and adj~ ·t. itself tQ 1960~s . Pore12gal s oul get together rith e. po:pule.tion 8.114 d c1de about t structure of t e stateo a Africans thought that tbis could be dona in a frlencilr ~. ere . l as 1-t not possible for Portueal to it dotm With t a ~G the pa:ople and agrGG OJS a stru:etWC~ and a the same tiJila ret 1D friendly rale.tt am ltl!lts. He would 1 to knee whether ort,.:t l.oas Will1DS to tske sue st mest t he leaders of t peopleo It ws possible tba.l; at a a meeting somathiag might be f"a.sb:l.cned wbicll would ba e.cceptahl.G to all conca ned. He stress D tlaat there ws ~ desire to i\1t Portugal on tha Sidali S o Mro Nogueira said that lik time to Sive caraful couid r&ti cm to a waehulN· a sts.telll.mrto meet1118 e.dJOU'De4 1mt1l U &omo Mo~1 21 October 196,. S lc~ Sta:~eo D disc . sion so f'a.l·; a r olj;' ·.c£ .l:'oi. .. i~ aud . oo· i:. ·. I po: nt b .., c.a.l ·"ac··,u.al pc>· • ·._ he me·- ·· o l:J€@-.ee .., - security<> On "·ha · is on ·iihe o'i.' r ace a sec ··-1 ·~· :: b (iid ·~ entirelJr dia.t-m f'!'om .t or ·~ . e 0 s polit · cal rogramme and it had been ace ed of beiD s. tbrea.'t to peace and seeuri:ty" ~ Secur·· t y Counc:i.l had e.dopi:.etl. a resolution illdica:ioing tllat Portil.l.gal 'H-as a. danger "' peace '\ On ...be s~ond poi nt., nam~" e point r elating t.o cond:l.tions in Porl:.llgUe.se Terri·to.ries, b se.id tba;ti bis gove :'Ilm.en·G also :regarded this as ver-;- importan·to For legi:jj ima;~ and valid •eaoons some of · s ican collea e:s could no·;; a;~;o"" ach t he same l!m ever, 1 t l·1aS from 'these tmJ points, namely the.t relating ·i;o peace or -aha:ii "t as ca.lled the n iss~o e e~ore, ' t was not possibl e to i gnore t sse points and dea1 "H!th ~e polit. cal. prob em ale • On ·(;he thi- poi ·i.;, !ltmlel tb. ques ion o:f the ciefini.ticn of a.eh , u ha.d m ntion A:rt:lcl e 73 o:? the or~"Uga]. pla.ced a. difierom interprets ion on ~hi.~ .Article r t t held by "'·he · rican Sta:C;e.s a he felt there wo.s no eed ·i;.o go iilto ~ de-\;ail concerni Por~ugal 0 s point o-r v:· e ·7 on this ma:t~e!" sine i had been sta-ted marw t ime 'betoreo H o'ted, ever, be · call. in to subs·r.anti t e "t.ihe inte reta.t:Lon 1ever., he pointed out Article 55o sG 't10:rds did no-'' a a"P in Article 73, although one did find the ekp:rassion lifl self'•govermuaDt:.;) ., Fw:o·i;.hemo e in chapter 12 ms lf•gove?Imtent or in ependence110 are se'~ out aa mo :ra.li c:.ernat·ve objec -~ o • Or'&il.l.Bal believed ·i;bat not. co .i!'"! ···~ . - , i t sl:loul . eta:tiOl'l ·.o.s :12 ~ J -e:t to have e. c··:...ze:'.''-- f; ieiT1 E'..OUI"' l:w.ve sa.:.id "· 8.:"'• '•. no·i:. -JU·i~ v-1 "'\·i a livln 0 e 't:ta:C ed uo be co dm-rn • _, ~:ac sa d .. a-i; a .). ·i;. frice.n al .t ·i;.o ." mplt::: G ,,·~ i; i.1l' ·sions of ·iolle int;ed o oan -r,he Cila:<:'·t d. Ui:fi'e:t.Q" ·i;• .- -· -·-p and . ~es:tJons ib:r. · ":·.es and to to t ' ao. ~. ::""., Pox··t. o.l 0 s ased on cou·r.· ;' ons am de-e l.1.llcler •·• i ts :i. ...·-· a.\ 1 .c:o.::. ..;aw·· ·o:r:~/~ ~'"" OC..._ lie di.ea .-.·ae 'J- t there - ·~ .. =us · .e:·e c'tion d .. ·e il. "t•l .. an ·jjt n his .it::··· :1.. I·"fe ~ s.z·· s co&Tanpon.do .e li e sbo Ted this '·er Q.UO~Ii.i.ll $_ l a.· t:JBS :;oe1 . dc-v< · ttmenl ona ·;;; ~ ... px·oblcrrs bu.i; Xn -..his co ·~ set aside quest~o-s t.ing n 6 ore ore cc.st ov~ion ot :ras c lDS ·" ~- or the c"t:. o... a ee.:. tain 0 ~i~ ""' 13. :U one .... oa • t tta; and t of In in t 0 t !3 ed -~ho:\i an.m ...... · . . .. ·auae of ·ts on of' 1 'Ul no ~ s} :JC of :i:~s ·~ • when in his s··· ·· d • ·~ions • top sa s p·•ob avercome. · be J:>M. 0 -· 01·] .- ·.;':) out uese po icy 83. dev .... :.. !_lO!iit i on .t..O S 75it ~ .. ~ o.·~i o·? "· e . i c le s ~ "' • ··ch th. d t~·c .a-·· ves to t ... ·· a the mel.y "'· na ·. ot the .• l'l.'l.Ct U' si'i;ic bed no c si"tntat;Lon ~s ··· is t~hy he s of poli'Ci·.. . ii' e ame ios 0 ll$i. Ti . s e o di oac of • e secll.Z'i ty •• e - ... pz• ss iia: es on i; Bec1. .;.·ty Co .ci •.• The can SiJJ.tcs tbc o · s ·~i of ecQl1 ·.(! and notice ·tw.a:~ .ir. l~og ·· i •a · .o:i:.o p1·act · se throt.: ·i,hcs nts ~hi o:i. se ~~- 11th u ·Jhich ~ • ad . eacmi;ed b:.ls ca!J • cons ·· ~ ill tlle el.ec·i;iona .-o ·t; e ro 'UC re 01 t niza-lo:ion•. Tha .! .. ad tbe "'ich"' ·~ ol:(·· o:r Po i:. .-.a!. Zercnca · o that. the I.· t c I • l.UU cl 15 ·!EJB enf .;t.> o · "'stion fr:c: ~·. ;.. OS ccisions s ~:r P lell$'1.ihy elise e.: on··- ·o irr~o ·iiou<: ~ ehoul.tl uot c em&. si · 1m .m. · .:too as ·.u.:a t tho m~d.al.. :i.'i. :" hear a "'o.t. iii es G 0 allca. side iss a 'I~ n:a.u;y o:.. the a. c .... ·;; e s .. y ·to "g)r'• -n .. -- .. ,. I > - · stions c. c dj • §ta:teo, Fourioh rJ s s · a:temen· · and that he t-rould like to e a f :T l rks in :o:eplyo points had emczged from the discuss· on so fil:.r; a po.li · ical poiir~, a fact oint arm a po1n' that l•. a bot political e. tae~·ualo J1y t f'! ical oiDt "' the co tions n Por'~'l".gUeae TeiTi ortes in by th polltical and factual po · be mea.u·· q stions of peace ~ security.. 0 os statement ... :t he a.t great impo taJ:ace t.o the fii"S" t~o po ·a, but tha:ti, in hi words, t h bo or contention as t "' po 1"tical questio-d, mllilely th t!ef1111t · on ot e 0 said tl:a.t ubile he e.ttc .. had K:...... :~.., imp;ori· to e2ucatioD:Sl., eeonW.e and social DOted taat lb"o achuku not .ferred to the po11lt relating 0 e On th1 po1Dt, t :t is on .,hs question of e and s curity , h ciicl DOt entirely ~e ' th o W&chulru., ·n very tro all. gaiiions been .. C01t0luaions had been - 2 dra.tom f'rom Portugal0 s polit cal programme em i·c had been accused of' being a tb:reat to peace and s eeunty o ~ Security Council e.dopted a reso~ution indice.'dDS tbla.t Port'Ufl.3l. lm.s a &mger to peac and eecurity stateme.J~ s had been made in tl!at bod,y that i f here t yet a. tbreat to ace, such a. situation could be createdo He ayiDg this DOt in order to made coUZJter-all.ega.t:i.ons 1 but to rtance of' this question to bis f!PV rnmellto On t e secolld point, 1181J1a.4r the 1Dt rel t1ng w conditions in Portuguese Ten1:tories, lw said tbe.t his gavernmerrli als regarded this ry impor'tmlto Por legi:tiJDate and valid eaaons some of his Af'ric:: colleagues could not att b the same importance to tllis matt r o owever, it ws 1'rom t ese points1 Jt::lmely that relating to peace aDd seeurit,v, aDd ~ relating to ccmdit1ous i n t territories, t t a · baaring on t e polit:!ci!IJ. problem, or what called the main iss o 1bareto.~. 1 it "e"as not possible to i gno - these poiDts BDd deal. d. ·h 'the po itical. problem alo ;, On the tbinl po1Dt.1 !I1Bm the question of tbe defi ticm of self'-d erm1 icm, Mro e.ch'Uku bad mention Article 7 of ths Charter Port~ placed a dii'feront illtm-prete.tion on this Article from t t h ld b~ the African states and :felt there m.s no ued to go into detail coucermug Portup.l0 s point of view on this matter since it bad bee stated time betorao Er DOted, however, t hat the Cbe.rter llEd be call.ed in to substalltiate the interpretation of this Artlcl ld by the A:tricSil State o l'Iowever~ he poi nted out 09 t t tbe vords s elf-clet aatio!l~~: appeared ollly" in ic~a 1<.2 8Dd Arttele 55o i'!tesa words did not appa in Article U, although one 00 did n. the expression ll!l a t -goverDn Dt , Furthermore in chapter l2 ro self• overmn&nt or independence00 are set out. two valid elten&tive obJ ec iv .so Port~ believed that the Af.ricaD i e:r=pl"e'Gati on m,s not -3- corre~, b~ neve ess t.be Af'ric:e.n states were ent· tled v11 it was 31 timat for them defend i to Sim.1la.r..,.1 ... on t it a ould legit te ror Portu to defc.md 1ts vi 1o ne reiterot that s i nterpretation ~as not Fort'U8'1 iJ:r.Ventiono Port\lga]. bad f o Joined . h · Orsautzation alld it tms ot a Ject of conteutiono 'Die proVisions o'£ the Charter had not been chaaged since SDd it ras :r fore 1 gi · :lma' e for Portugal to have a different view1 so lo as the Charter as not ameuded. Some have said tbat t Clrarte ~ .a. liviJJg doc nt !md did not disasr , but in Portugal() s Viw a liv1uS doc1.1mmlt ws one that had to be respect · • the la 'II vas not re.apected it t·iaS dead or dyillgo If scr.ne countri s tbougbt that s out of date, tb D i t should be amended ill acco:rd.ance with the procedures laid downo · So wbeil o Wac!Nku said that all the Mrican S"40ates · ere asking ob tio aDd reapollaibUiti under it difterently a.lso. been consisteut in its interpretation of Article 73 am to cJDaJwe its view naw vauld amo'Wit to u ineons1ateut •titude to the ero Portugal as vi s ere bas on eonv1ctiODS &lid deep :teialiags 1D the disc se ot it responsib iti s obUf!&t10DB ssked to s!lare t with BDYOM its 1Dterpretation o:t Article 73 would DOt ow it to do ito Mro Wacl:Nku . said that the pro'bl 1ms not conce~ with eco.DCIII:I.e, educatiof social and cult developneDt, bUt vas a political. probl • Ha would DOt disagree Vitl'm tbie vholl.y' tor ~ort understood tllat side by side witb thea quest:Z.o s there ware political govenment ;as e ot the ~ouaeetion .. !,.. be~T an tha t o em "' sta·l;~s by Portugal us Head of State in bis illterview wit zi~ eJld 1D s correspondeuce w1 Emperor e SGlassie shm-red this c earl.yo After quotiug some of Prime 4 tba.t be e:tte:lLlt1an to these stat Dts to 11ld1cate that Portugal was 'i:1ell of probl rela.tiDS to political. developnent 8lld political couci ness, aDd t t u. was not s~ethiag quests. n of the existonc of· poll c problems but ra~r ~t e d1ftering v1 rs about tbem.. In this coDD.ection he .. suss sted it woul rbap be best to set asid questions i:'elati DS to th& interpretation of Article 73 sinea Bll argument OD this. question coUld ADotller po1Dt t t be ovld llke to e in relation to se to iSDOre, o at ieast not pay •DCN&h atteJit1on to, the political acts of' the past in Port .ea Territones lrbic~ ven rise to a lit1cal structure aDd t ot govermnent prior t o the adoption o resolutions b7 the Gen Aesembb or tbe currency of a c rtaiD interp:reta:tion ot r esolutions 8l!d the statemeDtS tllat ba4 been macle a existed. be:rore ;t th whole pol.itical structUre ·81Jd politic Ute and actiVity in the t rritories was of ao importaDceo Tbere o recogDlt 1on ot th f el1ngs, seutimeDts sad views vbieh had been ezpressed by the popule.t1on With regsrd "to .a certain atructure t w.s done 'W88 of no value 8lld. political d elopment would bave to start from scrateho In this comaention be referred to the partici :tion o the pojJUlation struc ott -5- met~ all t e illbabitall'tBo H reiterat that Port 1 because of 1ts inte t ion of Art1cl 73, could not sbar tbe discbarge of its obl1sat1ons wit • Waclmku asked w ether when in bis s :tement be bad referred to imposi""ions trom Olltside he bad meant pressures from t UDited tiona, Ai"rican states, ot r ~·Jers and veli from Port~al itael;:, lie replied that he had m :t all of t emo 'D:lere DD question but tbat s govermnent had beu subjected to pressureso Resolutions been passed BDd s :tements been ass1 nat Portuplo 0 country 1D the world liked to be eubJected to pressures, or to be forced to take actions 0 rue was a ey 41ff1cul1; problem. OUtside pressure bad. e effect of ral.l¥1 th population b lid the sovermntmt made th Pressure vas DOt helptul.o He would l ike to lmo1. how to s over t :bts pro~lemo eeatn to the correspoDdene M1D1st er SA)uar B.Dd 1 Selaes 1D vbich Dr., Salazar luld poiuted out tbat Port not based on owression or ibU1ty aDd bad MD attenttoll to :lmporta.Dt political devel lltSo In pus1 ,Mro I!Josuetra sa1d :t 111 e Portupl. DOt 1n a. poaition to s~ iDtorme.t on tot~ Qlited tiona. UDder Articl 7' it ha4 no 1 tion 1D a~ the !D:tomation iD other ways. Dr;, Salar~ had po1Dt to the uw ov :raeas lal-7 which hBd been promulgated in consul :t1on th th ec repraseDtatiVi of the opie ot territories UDder which th peo e uld ernid represe :ti1YeS to the Rational AE.s q, Overs UDder 1h1ch, 1n t terri ones, B:o c e. majoritY" fd W.ected mcmbe , BDd. Legisla·tive ColmCils baa on direct election, bad been es l1sb.ed 1d.tt. competence in all. matters of uclusi v interest to t terri toriesa !.fr. llogyeir stresSed th tm,portance of tbes developnents i n CODDect1on With el.t•detmm1•t1 . consent of th population t o the structure 8Dd. organ1 ~10D of the stateo It d be l71'0DS to 1gno se BDd t e.ctlvitieso then said, iD fm.Dlmess, tha POI'tvga.l stai: ed 1"ram position of etreustho B,y t.his he meant not milltar,y strength, but t politi cal po1Dt of Yiev, because wh Por"' heard statements purportiDS to set out tbepolitical. attit es of the people · f the Port se Territori. t~ :mew t t . they bad oo connection· with reslityo PortlJP]. kDet<1 tbe political s i tut.atioD as it was Uith p.rd to the wbol population tlBt is by' he sa1d tlat Port ill the position ot politi cal st~ o ~ t tbat i t vould b Em cal 8Dd o:f 8d'98Dtap if Port 8Dd the 1'.\tPresente.tives of tbe A1'ric states could make 'th e1ves elear on batT they .rclt respsc'Uv ents in the probl.ems th&t faced 0 element that of m1eUDderstaDd1q., 'Dais t;as perl:!aps the 1 t oD8 to dispose of aDd pe v t his b done the,y could go tol'tf81'd to at; r probl 0 0 Or1mes ; _: vp s points so t hat he 1ug could s ee Hre it uku Jba.d not gone itlto the question of' peace lt.Dd security :t tht. etJt i mpede the -7- progress of the talkso In au;v case, til ri. s of t a African states o W.s is ve had been made clear ~n the Security COl.llleU. . . The .Afric states did not i gnore tb question of economie eciuca.Uo deWlopment in tbe Portuguese !fel'ritozoieso However, be noticed :t 0 Jlo had sat tbat Port~se poli ,. · put iuto p ttse throu&h tb~e devel.o ems vbich were des1gued to c te political conseiousn sso !l'Jd.e 1 to the definition ar self- e Ai'ric states., 111 tb conseDt of th.e people to a c ta1D given truct u:re of the StateUII 0 i'he DBimer in vhich Mro Bo ira had p e.nted his esse lead to Wide taD4 tba.t the Portllgllese Gov&"!Dellt already t usbt t tb people had giv n their conselit ill the eetions to the various 111\lDi.cipal e.al other bodies to the s rueture of tbe stateo- Dut the .A1'rie&LDS did DOt understand e reference to 111 cer--LLU given stiPUCture i ssue w1 th gard to sel:f•determ:tna.t1on ms wbetbar the peopl.o .the rish.t to determine the tutu.re ot their terr:l.t orias 'based on 81\Y th rigbt to With reter nee to Arttcl.e 73 of t e Cltarter_, he reealled tbat tb Ab'lcan States belleved 'Ula't it vas true that the General .Assembl.T had the right to determine the i DterpretatiOD of tbe Art1eles ot the 0 ~ero Dlerefore, the Gwieral ASs""""·"' v e determi.Dat1on ot the b1mi1DS on all mea:llbers o 3ut the question ot iuter,pre t1on Atl'ican -8- States sav it ,the important. thing was t pl.e of s 'l'erritortes should be able to e tha decisions as to wbat their present and fUture politieal. :tionBhip With PortutPJ. slloul4 beo Mr. :rro ira bad iDdieated t Portugal wanted to accept problem related to modalit i s a.ad this would Dee sari.l3' require 1'Ur1oh . l eDgtlu' seussioDS betveen the African stat in to aceept the good ome o the African States in bringi.Dg s ome ott lead. 1:ato touol:l td.t the Portuguese GoverDZD.eDto Mro D1al.lo Telli said that ~ima should no1# be ~pent OD dsicussioD of pr1Dc1pl s as these v r Portugal mmld agr e wollld. like to b a to proposal tram Portupl oD the modal1t1 of impl.limll!!!DT.iDg t pr1Dc1ple of alf •determ:lue.ti • 'Die aide issues 11hould ·be avoid end go st1'61pt to the q1le:st1on ot Mr. !!opeira said tbat the so-called side issues were those from h1eb aceusatio bad be levelled at Portuguese polley. Tbeae quest oas bad la1d the~ or J1B.DY of t e al.leptios ll&4e DSt Portugal. :tel.t that 1 t w.s not the best to proceed ~ im.P4' to tb lave a set of 1 1 tt; aio&te I t for the other aide to aclapt tself' to 'tbao of views b woUld s'U@8est tolloving procedure. ret, tamorrov cla.r1f1 t em u· t prospects of a fUrther :fntitfill. mecrtiag w goOd, -t eoulcl meet ae;atn 011 ~dey ~·7ll n mtght have sam3 suggestio or proposals to makeo The meet1ng •as e.dJOD!'Dedo an aide memoire ovtliD1D8 his und~tand.iug ot wlta.t !tad c out of tbe mee-Unss, together wi t.b BCIIle suggestions concerning fW:'t action.. whicll ,'88, ot course, of a confidential c~ter, but he ha.d not yet received a rePlr from Port~o aido memoire to his Oovel'l'lmOnt vhere i"t ''as being consi red a.t the bigh st l ev o Certain clarifications ltBd been asked f or am ba4 be n s , but as y et. he llmd not recei vcd his Govermnent 0 s replyo Be believed that tll'ould Jsa.ve taw reply on MoDdayo Be regE-etted the 1ncom EmCe tbat b.d be caused, but in a matter of such importance 6Dd 'i"ith such Wide 1mpl1catious it ,.18.6 necessary that it be given serious coneideration at t.he h1S)test l.evel., 'Die Secretary-General asked vhet r it would be possible for tlae Foreisn Ministers to stey \mt11 M:>lrlday D1shto Mr. Or1.mes said tlrat he fUlly appreciated the need f or the Portugu~ese OoveriJIIleDt to give ca:retul c011181derat1on to the suggestions that Ed been ut fo:rwardo It was desi rable for all concened to he:n a4ditio time for . er r eflection.. Be said t tJbe reply' of the Portuguese Govermnent could be reee1ved by the Pe ent Representatives of the Afrieaa Steteso ·-- ..... - Mro Nocru,eira. said tllat he had no o Jeet ions ·to deali ng " th the ~er.mane:ut. eprese.nta:tive s so l ong as they 1'ull autho i t y 'to receive the zeply of s --.;;....;.;--=;;.;;-u said that i t 'tms necessacy tor him o ea.v Be 01: k toDi(gbt, but t!tat e ..rould empat-Ter his Pe eDt Represetttat:tve 'to receive the reply of t Portuguese Oovermnento He said th.a:'.; it lJas nee ssa:ey to agree on a ;fi date i'or the res'Wilption or tba talks and that ·· is date should allmr time or ·t;be Foreign Ministers to have O:Lscusaions w1 th their :'1~ ot Stat o He poil!rt.ed ou that tho e Mrican cOUD'·ries 'tThic bad agreed to hold the talks With Portugal were unde pressure fl'om sOllle her African deuo..•~£ions, w ·had · not been 1D favour of~ talks i th Portugal vera afraid that Port vas s ome' Oove. nt aDd DOt rely a request for f'urthsr c ficationso He se.id tbat th repres ntatives of t A1'ri.CBJ!l States r did not believe t!l:at Portugal lras 00 sta.ll1ngP0 and 1 t "Toul.CI. be llllfortU!Iate it t e other Yiew ~-~as p vcd to be righto Mr. . ogu.elra said tbat understo tlb.e point that Mro acbuku was ·iDSo 'l!lbere gilt be no use:fUl results f'rom bese · s, but be wanted to ass ure the rcpresentatiYes of the African states t Port\JSil;ll had no i utellltion wllatsoever to D'Jsta.l..1!l'J Ol.. delay or IIJEI,,IIOUVJ'8 Secretaq- I'al suggest ti!rat anot meeti ng be held on Uo y by vld.ch tim he ho the r e:g'J.y of t he ortuguese GovermneJlt vo d be a~l.able o He poillt out t hat he was UDder an obl.i ~tion to report to t Security Council by 31 tober 1963 and that he t1ould be e.ble to • t he necessary CODClUBiODS after Moll:dsi1° B Ineetillg tO incorporate in b1s reporto He agreed t!B it was nee sary to set a da tor t.h begiJ:miug ot :f'urt e~ talks althoUcYl • · s all depeDd d . . ~ on ·t. c nature of ·~e reply of th Po_ ·uguese Clove~ ent ,,Ihich ·lould be recei on Mondayc He s gested t t tlle date -£or the n, .~ el"ies of te.lk.s be fixed for 2~ lio.. emb r 1963o li lTOuld i ndicate his report to t SecYrity Council t turthe ta:l.ks 't·Ie:i" to be hcldo :t in principle tl!at date \ras sui"'- Mro Or a also agreed t at in principle sUitab , but cirav attention tot e ~ssib~ty of a mee iDS of .th It Comwil of M1Disters Witll1a the next week or ten d.eys by ""J ch time it l1SS possible tbat tJt.ere would b~ 4iscuss1ons lrith t o· .. er Forei gn Minist rs about th talke "lith Port~ ~ "talkso ey w ~e gra stul for calm atmos er t :t talks Slid t initiative rould bring posi~or1Ve resultso eecretary-~ said that bis CODCept1CD of . S role t be should exe.rcis all possible to provide for consultati.ons aad exch.anses o~ vievs on fi'ieul:t quest1onao · He l78S sratet\il. for tha sponse from all. ai es and hop~ t the atmos ro would be msinta1Ded. Wh:Lle he · not opt1m1siib ·about the results. on th other he was not peas stic. With good:~. J~ttc alld fail"Ple¥ progress could '1'he meeting e.dj CONJ.i'IDEI!ITIAL Sixth eeting TL Secretary-Gene:ral informed ·he meet ing that e had received the rap y of ·~he Goveri:lment of Poria.'!ga ·£o his aide memoire. lie gave tne fl or t o -~e Fo_el -> ms·ter o1' Portugal. Mr. lll'ogue1ra, in i nt rodu lng t he reply of his Governme t, said that hi Govern ent had parti :ipated in tbese t ith a. viea t o aeeking agreement on a. number of points a.ud :f'incling possible o.reas of ... greemen"t even though t.llere mi be · sagreemerrt on impor-tant i ss-v.es. His Gov-r;!'Ilment hoped th~t it would be poasi.ble ~.oo r_a a.greemenc. on some important points. In ·chis conn cti on he rafe red to the i'ac·c ·cmt altllou t there e·~Ul e,xis·i;ed idological differences between the JliaBt and the Wee-t., . bo·~h aides have been a e to find a n area o~ agreement '\-.: · ich has -esul·~ d · n the conclusioD of a nuclear test ben treat • He dl"eH • ·ttention to ·i;,h :ract "Ghat ill ·~heoe conversa~.~ions be h d streas d the problem of a f-determinatiou. This nde d t~s t e rnst di:fficult problem7 but his Go•rarnment had be n vill· ng t,o diactwa Th Seere·ioa.ry.. GeneraJ.Il's a!d r=~mo·· re ad given r1 c to aome di1'ficUJ:t1es on ·che part of his Goverum.ent rhicb 1 ere related to this question of sc1f-dete:t.1!1i:l:!r:-.ti J • The first pa.r · of ·<;he Secretaty- G ner.alle e_de t:~o re app... are ·o stem from one ideol~J hicb w ... dij, terent from th, ideolog,v that tlle second :ga!"t, O.!. conclusions, ' stemmed fl'Om. The?e \-TaB all importe.n·t psyc ological e.nct poltt~cal point that he -woulcl like to drau attention ,o. Eo N! could taTe r onbto : t:i::n.t. ·· z G01.re . - Un · ·. .,.d ·~·~· . a s a· i ot -2- been a particularly happy one. It; had been tbe object of suspicion and 1 ~ ck o:f trust . The fact .ras -.,bat throughout t e eight. years of i ts membership of ·he Unit ed nations i~ Go .~c~nt 11 a policy had been the object of lender s, a.ll.ee;ations and vilifications. Ee ~ - a merely ment ioning t his to stress the point ·Gha·t. Port 1 cing di:f'f'i cult:i.•eD i n it,s relations fTith the United !!ations. I·c. had bad t he very sad exper i nee of' Goa and th react on of the ma.Jort·cy of t members of ·i. e Uni·!ied r.: :tions to this e ent had no·!i .... en very encom•aging. He potn ed out tl-...a. ~ pub i c opinion in Po i.ugal and in t he ove_•seas t erritories was not, t o put i t mildly, very aympatbet1c to ·the United Nat ions. Tbere~ore , he hoped that it ·Jotild be undera'tocd that. e.ey st ep to · ot.-r ·che United .ationo t o share Portugal 0 s resporu;ibili ties 11as too much f or Port . to accep~~ . !n o ez· ·to '-"radicat any dot.1b"s concerni ng t.he Portugu.ese v el-7 of sel f -determ1ne:li1on, his Gove_nment1 i n itEl repl,y to t Secretary-General9 s aide memoi re, had c arif i ed t he following points: 1. _ et-r poll leal and at'Imi nieri;;rativ e st tutes had be drawu 1:9 i'or he oversees t e:i:"'Z't to?"iee and t11ey lJOli!.d b published ext Novembero 2. _eu electoral laws, consider bly nlarging tn elcc···orate, had been dra1<1n up and 'tiould be publishe next Iecember. ) . Ne·1 elections, based on tbe ne"tr ls:t-7-!: a· cl the · G:W electoi· rolls, ·Hov.ld · ake pl· ce aa :?rom ,~ch 196 • 4. ~ i~~ 9 rpoae of these ~ections i s to elect the members of tbe various political and administra~ive bodie at all le,;-;le, excep·;.iue; those of t lJ:~ E tiona! Assembly. -3 5 Tbe possill.llJ.ty o:f a ~b:i.scite .·n ·ltin the national. f'"i'ame~:ro4'k ~?as . ' er col!sidorat en ,to ana (!! t e peo.:. J.e to tttave an oppoi'1awity to · Nss t eh· v1~!S ou >.,;:tte Gove"m~on -r1 s ovors s po~c·es o gu.. s"' Gov: :.. nme 1 ts pr<>gl'8lll.llle of. d apmeni; in al.l fields so as ·• c> .los·iJ ": a.'ll creas FU't c!patio.u of t pul.ati® in ·=·:iJe adm:l s- t:ration and 1 tical. li?e of the territo1··· eso H... s'iKress d t ·~ .. inpor~e of poi s : 5 and 6o Hs £;sumed ~t tha Af'rtc"' co 1 ries ,.,o d ish ·;;o refEll' his Oovermneu-~ n s xeply to t i.,.. resr...ect.iv~:"l Govornmentso He assured 't em tlr.at i · ·?as a s rio s ra 1 )lc . ~"' .o:nd 5: o::: mcanil!g ru. subs·G.anc o 1:. ~ Secretar.cGe:nei'fl.l po:tttlied our, ·lr.l!at. e ·as ob.l' ,..d ···o report ·\; the SOO ty GO"" !t.' l by ~ xt 1-.cdnesday., e;;;, date so t~t ho could be a _ 1 sed or tb.e vi rs s as to ._; c-:ontim.m.t.ton of ' t! conversatio.n.s 11Vi5al!ed at t . last mee-',ingo Ur., Slim s ~s· ed t.:lrat. t. e _...--.:::•'-L''L:asonta···t es of the .Af":-ican States S cx-et.a.ry-General tomor oo t tbe1- decisiono .;.;;;.;::...;;;;;;;;;:.;;;.~=~rt paiD ed oui· ··· t.a... tlb.e p.re.santativcs of t J\fri c statGls e.d • t :ffr," alnplified \; 1e poillts mada ill th ir reply to t he Secl"e'bil"Y'"'Oe r us aide memoiN., fi al.so said tltat Bl2Y st'Udy of t e · rt\lgU.ese position, as p seu'~ed in t e notce an by f.! •.. o~ a, should not be don in llta.st. o ~: Seere~ry-Gene.r in b:ls report could pe:ri'd:aps "'imply note t.llla.t conversati ons ad e.suDo · if t c :;.•capi•c:se i;!l·'· • ves of ·;; c 5.n pxiva:i;e enm·Ter. e ~-7 , d like · ~o s"'e t a convc sa·'·io C • llU:!d t h"' . d ilO. J.se im z•cssio il ·to - e gi:v"' in n amo ·. of t · · ·t-ras neoo .d i·o Por . e too said · i·'· :as ·m.4or-· · .e Sec :eta.:. Ge ·e a v1I on impr~ssiono Mr. s mae ·ino it had been ta:l .6 ~TO be XGSl1m.. d on 21 ovam.ber ,on ·i.. e e Sncretat -Geoc... ·a.l s aide mcmoire ·.c~e ...... ece V"'io Bo · t e Mrican S'iia:tes had nero r ed "·bat be ~al a decision ~as tal en ·o res\li!le t e ssary to dec ~ s t , e ali 'test ssi i. i ty ·. "'t a: . agremnelirl; could be rcac d .. e poin'i.>ed out :t 1 t roUJ.d be to publ:Lc op:f. on, bot. in t c _•!can , it' ·t l-Ja.s le.?.. to b · ievc ·i#lJa·i; en agroement o the A dec1a on s oul.d b.,. taken nou. a't ·i;bis po· ·(;, belorc ·\; - Secret.a.ry- . ·ral por'~ tot Security Council and beto... e a decision t o t e to.l.ks 1-ms ·taken.. It ~ras nee ssary first ··o s;; dy t. e 10 rl!lp 1 s and. if U; 1as appa.rcm ··· ~""· the tallts rol' go1 to f'ai it ¥70'Ul b ~ o\lld stUdy tb respec'tiv repli.es ·~o tbe 6 ere ary-Gcneral. n s .de memoire dmet in - ey soon ·i;o cid o t e •as·tio ot tb es -5- • Sidi Ba: "' ked tue Fo:L"e {!11 Minister of Portll{!al vbetlier be sa:. any possibility- of agreement • .l'l:ogueiro. replied that be sa., no eason Hhy 1t should be · ssumed t t thera "an no ope o:f a eement. He bel· eved the:~ time a ould b allo~ed for botl rties to study th replies to the Secre ~ e. ~-C-eneral u e e.ide emoira. :tr. Barnes recalled tba.t at the J.ast. mcet:!.D.B it ha.d. been agreed t t the tall;s ould be resumed on 2J. T7ovember. He bnlieved tha·i; i"t s not necessary to go into this question again and that the talks s ould be continued. Mr. Dtallo Telli asked for a clarificat on concerning ·the l>ortugu ae reply. as U ~act tha.J" this reply referred only to points (o.) and c) ill the Secreta ;y-General~s memora.nd ? l • l1ogue11·a replied tbat that as so and said that his Gove,..~nt agreed 1 itb po·.nt (b) .raised by the Secl"e·i;arlr-General.. Th S creta.ey-GeneraJ. sugeeotcd tba:" the ·-ep eac~:i;;atives of t ... African States should meet and that both parties s~ould a )prise bim separately of th"'ir~ v1e1. • In this '113-Y he . auld be in a better pos1-.1on to pre}?are h:i;.s report to th security -Council. o ed.neEd~. W th reg;3.4""d to the propose res p~ion oi' the talks on 2l. November, the poai· ion, as he understood it, was tl:lat if ei"her · rty f'el.t t a~ they were not neces ;y then t~ey would not be· held. He s~ested t · "'t he meat the Foreign ·1 · ster of' Pol"tiJge.l at l2 noo· on 29 Octobor a d the tepre entat1vea of the A.trican States at ).5() p.m. on the same (: Y'· I ... · .. ..• I - t ~v. I ·•• Karefa Sit 1-t, sp Dg on behalf' of the epre:Jentatives of /~can statea, said that h bad read the pos ~ion per presented b.Y Portugal e.nd. he glad to have the opportunity to clllri:f'y a. ~ ber of points. Be noted tba"G part a) of t e Portuguese paper deo.l.t ·ch the implications of ee.lf-de·cermiDD.tion, b :t still bad some doUbts as to l he"tber Portugal had the aeme ideo. e.o t e Africans about; the concept of self•dete nation. Did Portuaal believe ti1e came es Africa did, mmely that sel:f-dete na:(>ion mean·t ·i;hat the people involved vera given the oppoz:t;unity t exprea themselves treely' concerning their fate, and about -what vonld happen to .. ~em in the fUture! implications or self-determination since tlle concept of' seli' determ:Lnation a.e understood by Por'cugal d been outlined in the first of the Secretary-General! a aide memoire. What his Govermcen'c; bad set out ere the implications of' the de in:lt on of selt-dcterm1nat1on given in the Secretary-General0 s aide memo ire. Hie Govermnont 0 s dei':lnition of self-determination a that t e srotW of people concerned ~re given the opportum:ty to fre ly express themselves on th tr 1'a-. • o choice should be excluded, with the xception of cert n pr2 etermined ra.Ur-roadcd results. ,_ -2- " aelted ha tho choicee nere tbin this framework. -=-----..:::~:-..;..;;--. said t t h could not B.llSWOr 'thio question, tbe area of choice 0 lar • • Ba.rnes asked whether this defi tion ould include the ri!ht of th pf:opl to determine thair political. f\.Tture. tiv and repeat~d that 110 optio·n should excl ed with the exception of predetermine« results. • Adebo as d lll:!at ·!Z', gueira mea.nt by "predetermined rea ts•. Provided people d a f'ree choice, he could not aee bov there could be p etermined resul:i;s. understood bat Mr. Adebo meant e.nd 1n explanation h aa1d that e speaktng ot practical realities and reterrcd to certain r olutlons or criteria. which, 1f appl ed, would have to J. to a certain result. In theory what ~ • Adebo said correct, but conf'us1on aros from the practical realities. the.r Mr. aueira could be more explicit, at ~east g.lve three of th ny alternative or options. eta Smart thought t :t it 110ul.d be best t o ~eave his question untU a later e. Be then referred .,.. • ague ra to sub· paragraph (l) of part ( ) of ·(;he Port\1g11eae repl.y, which r erred to tbe nev or9Jl1c law, and aeked bat the obJect iSS bebin thi laV ud t had led to it . ogueira replied tbat the Secretariat had the text of the nev lav. He d t t tho Over COUDCU1 hit'!h then includ elected and appo1Jrtecl repr sent :ti es, lJad. ·in Lisbon 1Jl accordance political. and econ nts 1n the territor! and t c rtatn chansee n the or -3- .la.v ere neccaser,y. Tl1 ae s h :f'11'auy been approved by the tional Ass l.y. The provili1o ot the new or e law (a) an increased r ot Y...JOcal Oove ut od1es (b) e!ll.arsed er hip ot the Legislative CouncUs; all. vere now to be elect d vb previously some had been appointed. (c) incr~·~ number ot territorial. representatives in the Corpota.tiVG Cbamber th OVerseas Council; whereas previously th b been twent7-sev n territorial l"OpreseJ:rtatives th~ 110Uld now be approxi.J!:tltely one llundred am\ e.ll ould bo elected (d) t e c:bnnges crea·~ed t necess1ty for ne pol1ti.cal administrat1ve tatutes to take 1IIto aecount e new eonc11t1ona (e) there would b a n electoral lav hich s a l~cal extension ot tha previous :v or 1961 when civil rights w-ere granted to all bitants. Under the ne-w electoral l.e.w the people ould et the Cow:rt.Y CouncUs, the MUJl1c1pal CouncUa, the Legi tive Councils, the Economic and Soet CouncUs, th Overseas Council, the Corporative Chamber and the ttollal Assembly'. In answer to e. question cOJLOernillS tbe exteut of the fra.ncb1se, Mr. 4 that, 1n practice, to be a voter a person bed to f'ult11 certain concU.t10llS. A rson had to be 21 teara of e and tu1:tU oue of tll toll.ov1DS thre conditions: -4- (1) be abl.e to read e.n4 urite (2) a th head ot a fe.mil,n or { 3) ~ tsz to the stat • U o e t4 t ese condit ons 1iBB fulftlled and a peraon as over 2l. yes.ra ot a«e, e ao C3nt1tled to vote• .;;.;;;.-.....;;;;;;;;;..;;.;f4~.;;:;Qra;:;;;;;;;rt;.;;. said that in sub-p aph 2 ot the Port ae per· i t s at :t d tbat th llC1f electoral J.a a bad been dra.vn up after consultation th the ov reeae torritories" . He ~rould like to vo a clar11'1cat1on concamirzs the or "consulte.t1on". Mr. gueira rep~d that this meant that th Governor-Generals been COllSulted o.nd also the (lavel'JlOr' s Councils and the Leg1alat1v e Councils, o.nd, proba.bl,y, the Kun1cipal. Councils. These bodies had b e.eked tor adT.t.ce 8lld for their op1n1ons on th changes that were des1r hle. Tltey 'tJ re nat simply preoented with a set of proposals and as, ed to endorse t.bem. They ere asked hat they wanted and tmat. their s stiona ere. Cb1 t :!!I!§0 en,ya asked hether comerci groups vere eon ulted. Mr. re. replied t'be.t in the old Legl.elative Counc1l.s, 'h the Bixteen elected era, there ere a number ot m ere 11ho were appointed to represent c rtain interesta, ineludicg comDBrcial and iDd.ustrial inte sts. The g1slative Councils vera based on the pt"inci e ot corpora:'Give representati on and, as he Jmd previouol,r stat , the ~g:f..sle:ti ve Counc:lls Jere con ulted couee:rzrl.Jlg the nev lAw. , all members o the LeSislative CouncU reelect d, with the eption of tw. The reason for the tvo woil:&t memb rs t local bodies d1d not agree to the 0o aussestion t elected on t e grounds that t to experts 1n 3 cieJ. t1ll8llcial. tt e in the Legt Co ila. -5- tb thtlee tatutea vould be :vn1loble soon. ould be a :table 1.n n reply to a. q stion cone electo l :rolla, ...... ~ ...... ---. cont d that rolla ould ubliah d. In accordnnec m tb the la , one copy vould be attached to th door af tba lmicipal CouncU, but 1n a&lit on, nows p rs us~ printed the electoral rolls. Be conf1 d that BJVon interested could have access to tbe electoral rolls. Mr. Jtare:ta Bmrt ref'e.rred to oulrpa:ragr.oa h 3 of the Portuguese paper concerni neu ct1ona in 1964, nd as ed '7betbar the law permitted political cmu,pa.i • different Views :from tho h ld bJ' ome other countries concel'llin8 pol1t1 cem.pa1gn11J3. PortueaJ. :bad certain oystem of Government structur ot Stat • c 1p preceded el.ect:LotlS in Portus,al and usual.lJ' went on .tor about one and a hal1 months. 'lbere vel'e the ueuW. meetiDga, paeches, 1cl. aDd. iuteZ'Viewe i n nevapa.psrs, but after the election there l s activi t.r. The eleQ'toral i n the overee a territories tAe as in Portupl. He rea.liaed there a a ic :ty on thi poiut because 1f re.terence to a political C8JIP'1gD inVolved tb oriJlnfzat1on of parties then no political c _ ot this type po a1ble. However, it possible .tor individ'\Dla to orf9Ulize tbe1r views ami present them to t e ple. Political perlie we not al.lowe 1D Portugal.., and they 1ere not regard ae &D eaaemt1al e1 ot tbe Stat stst • -6 .. Party ct1vity alo t e JJ.ne 1n the V 6ta.tes and not poBBf J.e, ut this 41d not there no opposition. This s in t p~ae, ere it as po 1ble to oritioi e t e Go JXti • • Kareta then referred to aub-pamsra.pb 4 of t e Portuguese pap w it stated that the elections would have the purpose or ectiDS of the various politic and admi »1st.rat1ve odieo at aU lev· • naked tor a clarificatiou on this point. :t this meant th re would be elections in all tll.m orp.nizationa tr the st, tbe Couuty Councu, tbrougb to tba un1c1pal.1t1e and to the central. bodies in the territori eo, namaly the alative Counct.J.. tb() o omic and Social CouncUa. In reply to a q tion, peira said tbat t present t m ot the :tioml sembly uld e%pire 1n 1965. Jlr. referred to sub- aarapb 5 or tbe Portuguese pa; which "'rerred to the po a1'b1l1t,y ot a. pleb1 cite be!ns eld •ntbiD tbe Datiomtl. evork•. lle aak ror a clar1f'ieation on this poillt d whether this meant Y1th1n the State or Port • He also vis to lmo ilethe.r it uoul4 apply to GlJ. Portuguese geographical territory to all people. Mr. !ogu!1ra rep'? ed. t t t proposed plebiscite 0\lld reach th bole popul.D.t1on 8rl4 that th e be o indirect vot1 • Although, ot coura , no details bout the proposed plabi.acite he a tbat it vol&ld 'b belc1 :t; t and that the ault oul4 b ...... ~.le accordliiS to the va:r1oua territo:riee. -1- ot II1.IP rv1o:ton 'WOuld p]¥. ;t;s not lett to th nifm1n1s autho.r1t1 8 oJil¥. ould conduct the plebiscite, but the ervi ion ot iD th hands or tbe courts d to b Court. In er to question onsidcrlug a4lld.tting ob"... rvers from outsicl , ___....,;;;;_1r_ said t at this q: eation :ret• ~ potnts. He would three c date tor the Preaideut1 el ctions 1n 19;8. Subsequently, one ot be 'UD8uccesstul. cancU.Clat ed in political activities not in acco%'Clmlce th the law. In aeeozocwnc with the proper procedures he d and brou&bt to court. Thie aroused prot eta 'h the IDternstional .ASsociation of Jurists and oimU organizations thro ut; the world, who requc ed that they be allow to send obs to tba trt&l.. 8 Gove nt bad replied t t no GoverDmAmt in the vorl4 o id b d to s t its admf n1 strat1on of Jutice to tore! obs :t1on, but t :t it there merel7 a illter at to a • bow th trial ~ eseed t en tb &n~~ tor people to ttetJd 8.lld woul4 otter w.a accept &Dd t atativea ot these orwmi ?.attons att tr1al. In tact, the a.ecuse4 aet i":ree irice th c011E't fo\IDil that there to con c-t. him. In to a turt q: ation, • Bop1ra d t 1t Portugal to accept o.fticial. United · ions obaM...eJ~ no. In annar to • Jb ira sa:14 t t 4'UI'1D8 propos p1.8 iac1te h1s G01ru'lme• nre1DBJI."ed to a.ll t acces to an;y'bod,y, incl\ld1138 Jolll'IJ8J.1sts. -8- 4 to th propos d pl..obiac.ite entione in to • d inition of elf- detemimtion said that if Port d to a corab1 tion o theo two elemouts this m:l provide a point ot depart f'o:r further tal.ks. • Dial.lo Tell1 aak d w ther t Portuaueoe Gove ut intend c1 to ask ·c..h opl of Anaola, Gu1ne and Mo 1que a telJ' and cl J.T lfhat their choice e.s to their tutu:re l"elo.tiona th Portugal. plied tba tram the the quest1oi1S bad been put it clear tbat the Af'ri s were tuting f different t10llS thaD Portugal. • s. Port started from ita definition en: sea- eter.m:l..no.tion, o es ould ba.ve to be di.tferent. FJ.mt, Portugal rould r there s aarecmt·nt or 41 t on Portl.J81.].1 a overs policies. It t ere AIZ'NE:m!l!·nt tileD t ere aa no probl • It, owever, t ere diaagre ent OJll¥ then would the oort ot q otiona e BP!)lle&bl.e. ee q stions, therefore, started different poirrt of v1ev ass d re.U-1'084 re ults .. • J)J.eJ.lo Tel.U sa14 that h ha4 not given b1s det:1n1tio of tile concept of aelf'-det t1on so hov coul.4 it be said that it vas pre4etermined. Dated that • ira said tbat th pleb1ec1te voul4 be within the t1oDIIl bemewo~ • Dld this meo.n Port1J68]. 8D4 t e territori a to he2', or the overse terr1tor1 a a~tal3Y Be pointed out that the :result rould depend o how tbe plebiscite 1S on 1ch the ates ver coUDted. ~~:::e~ira~ replle4 t t the Unit d States• ~.!'NMI;M;dt1 1N:t -.nov -9- b known. In to ll 1\lrther q ation, • no eira said t t the ctions the Gov~ vould c auld be in accordance th the result iD e oh te.rr1:uory• • .Adebo recalled tbat • ira ll d Gd t t . se1itillg out or the presentation ot a n r ot options to tb electorate nat predet re ult and that be said that no opttona auld be ezel ed, but nov Mr. BCiV1n3 t t tbe peopl would presented vi.tb onl.y one option, namely,· nether t liked the pres nt uystem or not. This, lie submitted, not .fair. It that olJ. the el.te:rnatives s b pres t d to the people. --.,.;.....;::.;;.:a:c§\le.--ir&;;;;;.;.;. said tbat UDde toed tho point that • .Adebo va.s ins, but polut d out t ;t. ;w. started :rrom certain def1D1t1on ot sel.t-detezmimtiou it necessary to proceed 1n a certain 'IIR!I.1' • • A4ebo felt it d.et1B1t1oDS • • !opeira said that the 4eftnit1on of self'-4etermille.tion ahould be all embraciug. A pleb1so1te S'tep, but uas DOt in 1tsel.t the 1lbol act 0'1 selt-dete:rmination. If there were dit'.terent results in 41tte Dt territor1 ' then t action t e Portuguese GoverlllllODt uuo.u_u take voul4 d.if'tereut. It im,po:rtaut not to confuse a pl ib1scite Selt•determination a process, an a not c:metht t :b 1 t. wuld be por;~ibl to the propo~ d pl.c iecit a 18 of fat disc· sipn of' mcdal.ttie ot al.t rnative • Be el.led t • t Pr i eDt de Gaulle' r f, re in .Alseria at n t people tha choice al lndcpeDdence, of reJra1n1ag a pert ot ee or ot m1Dta1 an aoc1 :tion with France. He was sure t :t ira could DOt give an answer now to \Thet th alte.rm; 1ve would b ble or not, but ·101lld he b 'lf'll11ag of 8lterzat1v s basiB ror tu:rtht!r esotiations. ~--~~--~-~ not fair to ask • Nogueira to anner t :t que t1on,. at this • As understood it, at this poiuto1 tha l'ort:ugue!Je st ed to provide clarificationa on t paper tbat am could not 8llS'U qu stiona ot substance. Mr. SUm said that h1B una.eratancuns . tb:s.t the pleb1scite1 as envisaged bT the Port e Ga9o , woul a certain the future ot tb population to a c rta.1n policy ot th Go • It tb answez ot the people -re , t Ollld be no ea aa1ty tor action. Itt ye 1n no 1D otbere, then tbe Port Oove ant lf0Ul4 tr.r to 1D4 out llD.t was -,rona 8Dil t17 to correct the oituatio and lat it uld proc d to fUrthezo coneultatious. • Bopira repli t t this vi correct. )}r. Dlallo '1'ell1 sa14 t essential at tb1a point oft discus ions. ~ortuDately, t d to be total contusioll on t queation or selt-4at.~~~oU<~~~:ro:t1on. Jle could not that it not a de:fillite act, aec:aw1e b th1 detiDitio it auld. ba no • , in the t rmo 4escr1b , clear c -ll- uish in the futuro, and 'Ui:lat kiDd of l.Ationa uith Portugal. clo you Yish to bave'l T.hece ere the importaltt. questions nd h ul It Port did not intend ·o o o ho said tint he .~ould t:. it difficult to continue t e disc ions. sto.go it .ro.a not o sibl to go into th se detail , not fair to ask the For ie;n ·ater to ertes q ions. • Dial.lo Telli said t t he rely anted ·· o avo d coill.~ion and aai that 1ng c et DD,..,..,,ft said t t he nnl!"P.t!! b f.lr. D1allo Tel.l.1 t t cert in cla.rific tionn • nece11aar.r. Be ted to e cle on t the · a continued. =;:...... ;=;.;;.;;..;;.;.....;;;.;.;;:;;..;;;..;;. f t that it s di.tficult to a • o s er t ese qmst.iona as they nt beyond ¥-bat h • b en .,.IT,.,....,., he is tor tbG atin8. • Diallo Telli a:p." ru. t t e h ben ap 8 iD :ationi t BtioDS he lJe.a putting the Mncan poiD:t of viev• .Mr. t n replied 'to these questions by terri o his re ies to .. Slim and to • ebo. First, the be put 811.d tbia wo\lld be tollowe , uh r neceosa y, by im.reati ions am. coi1511l tioM. --.-...... -:z::.....oo..;__ _ then aa:1 t :t t re a question of t ot sood faith ot ceptins t t he Afric countries er~ not th~ so1 ro rietors ot high principles and 1d!~~WI..I• SUrely tb Afri s\1 :tee could ort 0 cipl id • -12- a final goal could be re ched which ace pta.ble d honourable to both side • FinaJ.l¥, he said that, as he bad said before, it ;as not fa.1r to that there only one :y and not various ·:eye of rea.chiDS the same goal.. Om! s to make a declaration vh1ch ght, or m1 t nat, be acted upon. Another v~ was to make no decl.a.rat1on but, neverthele a, to e the neces~ action. He pointed. out t t Portugal. vas a sovereiSn Govermnent. It prepared to go on vitb the tal.ka in tli hope of arriving at a solution in the interests ot all the Atrica.n uations. However, it sa11 no need to d.isctiSs internal actions and submit 1nterDBl. actio:tlB for international approval. He certaiJll¥ not prep d to submit of assured • Nogueira. that they bad never thought tbat they hould drav up e. constitution 1que. He hoped tba: the questions that bad been I pUt not 11ven him the v1enr tbat th Afric :ns shed to do soo Jlr. D1allo 'nUll s id that it il241.spens1ble :t in all good faith tbe;r should try to :t1Dd a sol.ution vhic.b cceptable to tla populations of Aqola, h1que and Guinea. He ould not talk ot ncroachins upon the sovere1gDey' of Portugal, but he could not accept t idea tllat ola, ozambiqW! and Guill were part of Port\1gB.].. Mr. Nosueira replied. that these ;parts of Portugue e territory.