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Ilk. NEWS/CHECK REPORTING ON AFRICA VOL 8 NO 3 28 JULY 1967 6th Floor Total Centre 23 Jorissen Street Braamfontein Johannesburg Southafrica PO Box 25252 Tel 724-3412 EDITOR Otto Krause ASSISTANT EDITOR Robert Hodgins STAFFWRITERS Robin Briggs • Jean Le May Jeffrey Lever Tony Mann6 • Nicolas Stathakis David Thomas • Peter Wilhelm CAPETOWN OFFICE Ann Starcke (Tel 23058) EDITORIAL RESEARCHER Sue Michel CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Denise Bernstein Joanna Booth • Tony Davenport Madeleine van Biljon Tony Williams-Siiort PRODUCTION/ADVERTISING Helen Bloom • Isobel Gowie Anne McKrill NEWARK NEGRO AND NEW JERSEY NATIONAL GUASDSMAJM ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES The hundreds-year-old fuse CAPETOWN Charles Cameron-Strange (Box 4511 • Tel 41-1508) THESIS REVERSED violence, a pragmatic living together is DURBAN basically achieved. Fred Brevk^is ENATOR Robert Kennedy caLed it (Box 3508 • Tel 6-9846) S America's "gravest domestic crisis" pERHAPS one can go a step further Published by Checkpress (Pty) since the Civil War. Negro leader 1 and point out that when a people's Ltd at Total Centre Braamfon­ Stokely Carmichael said: "This strug­ tein Johannesburg dignity is observed, the likelihood of gle is not going to be mere street Printed by Dagbreek (H & G) peace — civil peace or international 28 Height Street Johannesburg fighting but a struggle to the death". peace — is greater. The question then As the long hot summer settled over Distributed by arises: how is this dignity best ob­ Central News Agency Ltd the US, Negroes throughout the land served? In Southafrica the answer is Commissioner St Johannesburg waged battle with the whites (see seen in the recognition of peoples as SUBSCRIPTION RATES WORLD/CHECK). At the heart of it was fully-fledged nations; in the US the Southafrica, SWA, Lesotho, Botswana, Swaziland and Mozambique: Surface the failure of white American society answer has been sought in the recog­ mail: E4.65 (half year), R9.30 (one to educate, uplift and accept the nition of individual rather than group year). Airmail: K15.00 (one year). Negroes who make up 10% of their Rhodesia, Malawi and Zambia: Air­ dignity, and the American system has freight: £3.4.0 (half year), £6.8.0 (one nation. In short, it is a failure to absorb stood out staunchly against any group year). Airmail: £7.10.0 (one year). them. The process whereby millions of differentiation. Britain; £6.8.0 (surface mail), £11.0.0 Germans, Poles, Italians and others (airfreight), £18.0.0 (airmail). It is, however, significant that the had been absorbed into the ethos of an United States: $18 (surface mail), $59 Negro leadership, now that it is break­ (airfreight), $80 (airmail). Anglo-Saxon America, simply has not ing the old attitudes of subservience, Australia: $A18 (surface mail), $A78 worked with the Negro, or with a suf­ is looking more to group differentia­ (airmail). ficient number of Negroes. Rates for other countries available on tion. At this week's conference in application. In appraising this situation, most Newark, black delegates called for a Southafricans quickly point to race, study on the possibility of splitting to colour. That is true, but not fully the US into two nations, one black CONTENTS true: it would be more accurate to say and one white. Such a possibility is AFRICA 20 MOTORING 42 BOOKS 46 NEWSPEOPLE 34 that the rebellious American Negro very remote, but it does give some EDUCATION 41 OUTLOOK 23 ENTERTAIN PRESS 38 sees himself as different and feels him­ credence to the Southafrican thesis MENT 39 SA BUSINESS 31 self as different. All Europe is after that when differences are great, the HISTORY 43 SCIENCE 44 INTERNATIONAL SOUTH- all white, and because its peoples, in dignity of a people is best established BUSINESS 29 AFRICA 7 by establishing their nationhood. And LETTERS 43 SPORT 3K different circumstances, see themselves LIVING 24 WORLD/ as different they have not integrated in Southafrica the chances of so doing MEDICINE 34 ; CHECK IS over the centuries. And among them­ are a reasonable possibility. The ISLAND OF THE DRAGON'S American Negroes' thrust towards a BLOOD 11 selves they have shown a capacity THE CHINESE WAY OF etjually for peace as for violence — separate identity will give at least DEATH 26 violence on a scale far greater than some people cause to ponder tha the US has recently seen. Despite this Southafrican solution anew.

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t9A7 NEWS/CHECK REPORTING ON AFRICA SOUTHAFRICI DISASTERS Tunnel of death Although mining is always notoriously dangerous, the Southafrican gold mining industry has been fairly success­ ful in its safety measures. The fatality rate per thousand miners is now 1.41, compared with 1.59 in US coal mines. This week, however, there occurred one of those bizarre accidents which defy all the experts' predictions. Early last Tuesday morning, fifty African miners at Anglo American's Western Deep Levels gold mine were crushed to death in a panic-stricken stampede in a subway connecting the men's living quarters with the shaft head. The miners, part of a 4,500-man shift hurrying to go on duty at 4 a.m. apparently panicked when somebody slipped and fell. In a matter of seconds the 23ft-long. fa-wide subway was a shambles of writhing humanity, as fallen men fought for breath under the heavy hob-nailed boots of their OFFICIALS AT WESTERN DEEP'S KILLER SUBWAY »• Star fellows. Abel Mofokeng, a safety clerk Safety's catch who rushed to the schene, said that when the bodies were brought out they FOREIGN RELATIONS guese in 1974 — at the completion of the dam. This undertaking now makes were "broken and twisted forms." Knitting together Another 49 were injured: most of them Cahora-Bassa a viable proposition. were bleeding from the mouth, ears The common interests of the Republic Iron hand. The Cahora-Bassa dam, and nostrils when proto teams (squads and Portugal are so obvious that the which when completed will be larger of specially trained rescue workers) arrival of Dr Alberto Noguiera, Por­ than Egypt's High Aswan Dam. is the dragged them from the melee. tuguese Foreign Minister, went off most immediate cause of the unspoken with little interest this week. Nogueira entente between Portugal and South­ Broken bottle - neck. Ironically will have wide-ranging talks with africa. But Nogueira's talks will almost enough, the accident took place only Southafrican officials, including PM certainly go beyond the increasing eco­ a few feet below the surface of the John Vorster, before leaving at the nomic ties between the Republic and ground — and Western Deep Levels is month's end for a two-day visit to Portuguese territories in Africa. As the one of the deepest mines in the world; Malawi. Central to the talks will be link-up of states in southern Africa some of the workings are at a depth the planned development of an eco­ will proceed beyond the purely econo­ of 10,000ft. Ironic, too, is the fact that nomic community in southern Africa. mic, one subject on the agenda will, the subway was built to avoid bottle­ In this respect Nogueira's visit coin­ almost certainly, be defence. necks as the men queued to go on shift. cides with that of a I2-man delegation The last place, in fact, where an ac­ from Lisbon who are in the Republic cident would be expected. for talks on the rationalisation of the THE NATION Last year, 762 miners died in ac­ giant Cahora-Bassa hydro-electric pro­ Enter the English press ject on the Zambesi. The talks were a cidents in Southafrican mines, and Not everybody was as reluctant as Die another 30,677 were injured. Such ac­ resumption of those held earlier this year in Portugal and at which the Vaderland was last week to express cidents, occurring usually underground, their views on the verligte/verkrampte are part of a miner's life. This week's Industrial Development Corporation's chairman Hendrik van Eck was a chief clash among Afrikaners. Invited by Die happening, however, was not that, but Burger to exchange comments about a failure in crowd control. For the 50 speaker. And the discussions were suc­ cessful: it was quickly announced that their differences. Die Vaderland re­ dead, the blows from the boots of col­ fused, giving its "last word on the leagues were a bitter, and seemingly Southafrica had agreed to buy 1,000 megawatts of power from the Portu­ debate". All over the country, though, avoidable, end. Afrikaners have been speaking as neve;

NEWS/CHECK 2( JULY, 1967 before, and with many different voices. * In Stellenbosch at the weekend several people spoke in a lecture course arranged for the Afrikaanse Studente- bond. The leader of the SWA court case team, Dawid de Villier.s, himself stamped as verUgte after some indis­ creet remarks overseas on the possi­ bility of relaxing segregation, warned against "hanging labels around peoples' necks". * At the same meeting Worcester NP MP Louis Stofberg came out true- blue verkramp when he attacked orga­ nisations such as Rotary and the Junior Chamber of Commerce as being incompatible with membership of the NP. Joining Stofberg in deploring any weakening of the "Christian national" character of Afrikanerdom were NGK theologian Dr J. A. Heyns and literary scholar Dr P. C. Schoonees. Heyns declared that he would not like to see "vS^fv^^S-EtfW-^-a* his children taught Afrikaans by a CAPE ARGUS'S JACKSON ON THE AFRIKANER MAZE Roman Catholic lecturer, and opposed The Doctors' dilemna the "conscience clause" for university staff members. was not just a clash of personalities. giance. The story bit hard, and this No guidance. Koomhofs plea to week the NP MP for Turffontein, Dr * At the same time as the Stellen­ settle up and stop squabbling was bosch gathering, a SABRA meeting Jan Smith, told a meeting of the local echoed by several, including Die Tnins- Jeugbond that the opposition press was was going on at Winkelspruit. Dr Piet valer. that pleaded soulfuUy: "End Koornhof, MP for Primrose, steered a adopting old "divide and rule" tactics. it". But the conflict runs too deep for "That is why a paper such as the narrow path between the contending that. There was still no word from factions, saying that he did not see the Sunday Times came out on Sunday those who more than anyone could with columns and columns about difference of principle involved in the claim to be the final arbiters of Afri­ quarrel, and asked whether in fact it alleged NP extremists". kanerdom — the leaders of the NP. The "columns and columns" ob­ Prime Minister John Vorster and his viously hurt, but might in fact prove Cabinet have kept, in the main, a deep one way of ending the overheated quar­ silence over the issue. In default of rel. At the moment both verkramp and Cabinet pronouncements, others have verlig claim to legitimacy within the gone to town. Central to the issue are NP. But calls from politicians in the what such non-parliamentary figures as Dr Piet Meyer, chairman of the SABC. future to heed the sake of party unity have been doing. Meyer, in fact, has will probably tide things over. Both been busy tryins to organise his "volks- verlifi and verkramp have a common kongres" on liberalism, which he an­ interest in that — no matter how much nounced a fortnight ago. He has acted their views on enliehtenment might in this matter in a curious way, having differ. by-passed the main Afrikaans cultural body, the FAK, to seek support for his HOUSING idea elsewhere. He is not having all Many heads, few roofs that much success. "Dr Piet's plan has setback" reported Die Beelcl gleefully. Seeking for a house or flat in Pretoria is so hectic that the caretaker of one Closing ranks. But possibly the most block of flats was phoned twice within significant development was the entry ten minutes by would-be takers when of the English press into the fray. they noticed no curtains on a window Hitherto having reported the Afrikaner of one of his flats. The tenant had split with some condescension and only taken them down to be washed. much bewilderment, the Sunday Times There are enough similar stories splashed the revelations about the from every city in the Republic to in­ "Hertzog Group" uncovered by its dicate that the shortage of homes is political reporter Hennie Serfontein. chronic and widespread. Southafrican The report made chilling reading, pur­ Permanent Building Society chairman porting as it did to give the extent of a Egbert Smith said last week that there right-wing conspiracy around Minister is a shortage of • 180,000 homes in DAVE MARAIS' "GALLERY OF VEKKRAMP- of Posts and Telegraphs Albert Hert­ TES": HERTZOG, MEYER, J. D. VOBSTER Southafrica. Smith went on to call for Beezy days . zog to gain control of Afrikaner alle­ a more dynamic government policy to-

8 NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY. 1967 wards housing, since immigration, giv­ ANTI-APARTHEID the deal when the R 14,000 estimated ing just one example, was being hinder­ cost of the seminar to his country was ed by the shortage. This week in Preto­ Steaming up in Zambia raised to R32,000. Zambia then step- ria, Community Development Secretary Members of London's Anti-Apartheid eed in to prevent total cancellation, Johannes Nieniand queried the Perma- Movement (AAM) continue to squab­ first naming Lusaka as the seminar's nent's figures, saying that waiting lists ble with both the British Labour go­ venue, but later changing it to Kitwe. were often inflated because many vernment and one another. Following Delegates from 32 countries are at­ people put their names down for a upon the absurd attempt to get four tending, as well as leaders of various larger house, a smaller house or a Labour MPs to resign from AAM underground movements banned in house in a different locality, and not because of their supposed deviation Southafrica, Rhodesia and the Portu­ always because they were homeless. came attempts last week to stop the guese territories. The discussions will Nevertheless, public experience is that annual government grant to the Ama­ cover not only apartheid, but the racial a shortage does exist, and three months teur Athletics Association. Recent situation in the whole of southern aeo the Minister of Community Deve­ championships held by the Association Africa. Before the seminar ends in a lopment himself, Willy Maree, gave allowed Southafrican athletes — both fortnight, speakers such as Canon John parliament a figure of 77,700 on the black and white — to compete. Out­ Collins, Dennis Brutus and Sean waiting li.sts of housing schemes at the raged, the AAM has written to the McBride will have their fairly predict­ end of last vear. British Minister of Sport, Denis Ho­ able say. The most important paper, however, is by Achkar Marof, Guinea's Small means small. The Depart­ well, demanding that the subsidy be withdrawn. As this year's allowance permanent representative at the UN, ment's own schemes, for lower-income and chairman of the UN Special Com­ groups, are progressing well enough. of R62,000 is the highest ever, the Association would be hard hit if the mittee on Apartheid. In his speech Ma­ But outside that range the government rof will put forward his view that any helps little, and the middle-income request was acceded to. But, as Les Higdon, the As.sociation's administra­ UN action with rt-spect to Southafrica householder has to look to the building must take into account the linkage of .societies. These, however, are finding it tive officer, put it, the demand was "downright ridiculous" and could states south of Zambia and the eco­ increasingly difficult to attract invest­ nomic dependence of Botswana and ment in the old form of the small hardly expect to succeed. The Move­ ment continues to damage little but Lesotho on the Republic. Zambia's man's savings, since the banks and President Kenneth Kaunda was more mutual funds are able to offer him its own cause through unreal action. The real enemy. Closer to home, extreme in the speech which opened higher interest rates, operating as they the seminar. Speaking of a Lisbon- do in the hire purchase and industrial however, is the United Nations' semi­ nar on apartheid which began in Zam­ Salisbury-Pretoria axis he went on to investment field. The building societies charge that "massive campaigns of lend almost exclusively back to the bia this week. A follow-up to a semi­ nar on human rights held last year in psychological warfare have been public, who are naturally deterred by- mounted in Western capitals not only high borrowing rates. Thus Smith's Brazil, the current conference had some difficulty in getting started. Ini­ to defend apartheid, but to under­ suggestion that the government make mine the efforts of all men of goodwill some money available to the building tially scheduled to be held earlier this year in Tanzania, President Julius the world over". Resolutions will be societies for loans at low rates of in­ made — however ineffective they be. terest. Nyerere was forced to withdraw from This month other bqilding society chairmen have pointed to further diffi­ culties. The United's William Boustred instances the cost of land caused by "protracted and expensive procedures" among township developers, entrepre­ neurs and individual speculators, pro­ cedures which "can occupy anything between two and seven years". Bous­ tred also blamed the building indus­ try's lack of modernisation and limited productivity for high housing costs. A week ago the Allied's chairman, Donald Laing, developed further themes when he suggested that "our housing standards are in many cases too higli" and there is "an urgent need for th'e home-seeker to content him­ self with the erection of a smaller and more compact unit on a smaller .stand". Laing al.so mentioned the prefabrica- N SHOW this week at the Swartkop Air Station outside Pretoria was the tion 'of housing units — the "factory O first of 16 Super Frelon helicopters bought by Southafrica from France. manufactured" house. All these prods, To be put into service with No 15 Squadron of the SAAF, the Super Freloa for government, city authorities, finan­ SA 321 is a 13-ton aircraft manned by a crew of three. It can carry up to ciers and builders, should lead to some 30 troops and has a maximum speed of 165 mph. The helicopters are to be reappraisal of how to let Jack build used by the SAAF to provide short-range troop and equipment transport. his house.

NEWS/CHECX 28 JULY, 1967 r WAGE CLAIMS An unfulfilled life The long queue At this time of the year, the voice of HEN HE was killed last week, the trade unions is traditionally heard W the victim of a passing train, in the land, asking for more. This year Albert Luthuh already seemed dis­ has been no exception. To date, claims tant from contemporary South- for more pay have been put forward africa. For outsiders he was a figure by unions representing some 500,000 to be visited and praised, for South- white workers: if the men's families africans someone whom events had are counted, almost half the country's somehow passed by. In truth, his entire white population will be better most staying, and possibly endearing off than it was before. If all the claims characteristic, was that of being old- are met, that is. fashioned, a man in whom a cer­ Gold and coal miners started the tain distinctive and old-world right- rush last year, and are already receiv­ ness was to be seen. It was both ing 11% more than they were paid his strength and his weakness, this formerly. Others to whom increases rectitude. He quickly became a sym­ have already been given are workers bol in the post-war upsurge of black ALBERT LUTHUU in the clothing and chemical industries, nationalism in Southafrica; a sym­ Past zenith the Railways, commercial banks and bol he was destined to remain to Iscor. In the queue at present are civil both friend and enemy. He was, though he was reported to have con­ servants, municipal employees, teach­ the government considered, too dan­ sidered dissociating himself from ers, journalists, printers, shop assist­ gerous to be allowed freedom; but the ANC. ants, office workers, and 250,000 his ideas about political action were Other figures. Luthuli's impor­ workers in the giant iron, steel and too old-fashioned to hold the tance as image and symbol of urban metallurgical industries. In all, private unswerving loyalty of his followers. black Southafrica was underlined industry alone is faced with a wage Reluctant leader. Albert Luthuli by the dearth of other leaders. bill increase amounting to close on was one of a dying generation, those Only over the last few years has a R200m a year. early Christian elite figures among new pattern of leadership and Spoiler of the fun. Not everybody is tribal society who first led the stir­ power been emerging, and new happy about the increases. Dr Albertus ring resentments of black national­ leaders such as Matanzima, Jona­ Jacobs, Deputy Economic Adviser to ism. Born in 1898 of a missionary than and Khama came forward to the PM, warns that wage claims based father, he rose to become a pro­ be the spokesmen of hitherto un­ on the cost of living and not on pro­ minent teacher, and a chief by re­ represented people. These leaders, ductivity can only serve to prolong quest of elders. In 1952, having implicitly, are part of a new order, inflation. Most negotiations have in taken part in politics for several one in which the idea of separate fact been based on productivity bar­ years, he was elected President of development, not a multi-racial uni­ gaining; employees of the Durban Cor­ the African National Congress. For fied state, is dominant. It is much poration, for instance, agreed to work all the battering the organisation less than Luthuli fought for, and it 3^ hours longer each week for their and its allies received from the Na­ leaves the problem of the urban 16% increase. But some discussions tionalist government, it was a heady Africans unresolved, but such men have reached a deadlock over this very time. The Congress Alliance scented as Matanzima are nonetheless lead­ issue, noticeably that between Steel ers, wielding power that seemed in­ and Engineering Industries Federation power, there was a feeling that noth­ conceivable ten years ago. ing could hold out in the long run of Southafrica and the engineering against the "masses". In 1959 and Possibly, had Luthuii ever been unions. "The offers of the employers 1960 Congress power was tested, near power, he would have been simply do not measure up to our de­ it was shown to be in fact an al­ shouldered aside by more ambi­ mands," reported one negotiatior most feeble thing. The ANC, along tious and cleverer young men. somewhat grumpily. with the Pan African Congress, was Neither he nor the Congress ever There is little doubt that South- banned. In the next few years mili­ threw up much in the way of ideas. africa's skilled labour force is exploit­ tant ANC followers indulged in Their programme was a sort of ing the country's chronic shortage of pathetic violence. Communist par­ diluted socialism, and their steam labour; unemployment among whites ticipation became ever more ob­ came from the grievances and vola­ is down to a record 0.4%. The corol­ vious, and an unhappy Luthuli was tility of the township inhabitants. lary of this, however, is that manage­ left sitting at his home in Grout- Even their multi-racialism was ments will be put in an increasingly ville. Natal, to where he had been weakening, and was never able to stronger position regarding the use of restricted by the Southafrican contain the thrust that Robert So- non-white labour. A straw in the wind government. He had been awarded bukwe and his PAC followers pro­ is a recent call by Railways General the Nobel Peace Prize in 1961, and vided. Luthuli never had the op­ Manager Johannes Hugo to "recognise Ghandian non-violence had been a portunity to prove himself a great and accommodate the non-white as a life-long principle. His role in the man; instead events made him into permanent part of the economic struc­ subsequent violence of 1962/1964 a lonely figure revered as a political ture in the white areas". Trade union­ was never fixed. He never con­ martyr outside the country, in the ists jumping the queue for more may demned that violence outright. end a forgotten voice. well find themselves headed off by a black Roland for their Oliver.

10 NEWS/CHECK as JULY, 1967 ISLAND OF THE DRAGON'S BLOOD GREEN. WHITE AND RED flag alive its past links with Christian and A flutters from the roof of the resi­ Muslim Africa and Arabia. British ex­ dence of the Sultan of Qishn and plorer Major Peter Bloxall has just SAUDI ARABIA < MUSCAT \ \ 1 OMAN Socotra. Around it, in Socotra's capital completed a second expedition to the \ of Hadibu, little flat-roofed coral huts island with a team of thirty sociolog­ lie between the sea and the stony ists, biologists, geolists, archaelog- plains which sweep up towards the ists and botanists, whose findings may JIYEMENV' S-ARABIAN Q'jjPgreH;;^ 5,000ft peaks of the Hagghier Moun­ turn out to be the most definitive yet Sana ^ nm.cmm'^2^^i3^^:::D^ tains. Between November and Febru­ about Socotra. The value to botanists, ary the north east monsoon's heavy for instance, is that Socotra, cut off by rains brings out grass and leaves on the water for millenia, has developed its trees, filling the wadis with surging own variations of plant life, as is point­ torrents and feeding the vegetable ed out by the expedition's only non- plots, grain crops and date palms. British member, botanist John Lavra- The island was once involved in those nos, who is also a Johannesburg busi­ faultings and riflings that separated nessman and an expert on the South­ OCEANS Africa from Arabia and created the ern Arabian region. For the sociolog­ ETHIOPIA" 300 =c---^. Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. In ists, there is the culture of the ab­ MILES its final shape it ended up as a lime­ original cavemen who live in the Hag­ stone plateau thrust through by red ghier and the cosmopolitan Arabs on granite mountains. They look white the coast who invaded Socotra from MAPMAKER'S VIEW because of the lichen growing on them, South Arabia in waves up to the end of Off shore, off beat hence "Hagghier" as a corruption the 18th century. Socotra still remains Pa'anch, ruled by a serpent who was of Ha-geher, which is thought to mean one of the world's mystery islands, de­ King of the Land of Punt, the Frankin­ "white rocks" in the unusual Socotran scribed only sketchily in ancient manu­ cense Country. language. Now, 250 miles from the scripts, in the reports of earlier ex­ All change. The island was also coast of Arabia and 130 miles east plorations and in the reminiscences of known to the Greek and Roman world of Cape Guardafui and the Horn of occasional seafarers or travellers. by 300 BC, when Indian, Arab, Greek, Africa, Socotra is the only remnant Galleys to Punt. The earliest record Persian and African merchants used it of the continental link, a tiny, desolate of voyages to Socotra was perhaps as an entrepot in the trade between and almost forgotten island 72 miles made by the ancient Egyptians. From India and the Mediterranean region. long, visited only by dhows plying about 3000 BC they sent galleys to The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, between East Africa and the Persian bring back the incense produced in the a manual written by an unknown Gulf region, by an occasional RAF "Land of Punt". The Egyptians, who Greek sailor in the 1st century AD, plane from Aden, or an even rarer used incense as a medicine, an em­ mentions a foreign population on Soco­ scientific expedition come to delve in­ balming agent and in religious rituals tra of Arabs, Indians, and Greeks who to its mysterious past and its geo­ for the regeneration of the spirits of traded with Al Mukha in the Yemen graphy, both epitomised by the bizzare, the dead, never revealed the exact and with the Tamil country and Broach flat-topped Dragon's Blood trees. location of the Land of Punt. But the in India. The sailor called the island Boost for botanists. All these how­ incense-bearing frankincense and Dioscorida which, like the word Soco­ ever indicate that the island still has myrrh trees grow only in Somalia, tra, has been traced back to the San­ some importance. Even if the British Socotra and Dhufar in South Arabia, skrit Dvipa-Sukhadara, meaning "the have probably given up any slim ideas and a 4,000-year-old legend does tell island abode of bliss". of using Socotra as a base after they of an Egyptian nobleman being wreck­ But the bliss seems to have faded leave Aden, the dhow traders keep ed on a stranae and fertile island called over the next few centuries, and apart from its acceptance of Christianity, Socotra disappeared, like Europe, from the annals of the world. It seems how­ ever, that Socotrans may have main­ tained a comparatively progressive and active society until the mainland Mahri Arabs began to assert their sovereign­ ty over "the Lands of Frankincense" about 1482. Though Portuguese sailors occupied the island after a battle with the Mahri garrison in 1507, they with­ drew again in 1511, leaving it to the Sultan of Qishn, and increasing Islami- fication. Systematic colonisation drove the natives into the hills and when, SOCOTRA: SPACEMAN'S VIEW about 1800, the Affrar clan won the The island where time went backwmrd leadership of the Mahri, the little NEWS/CHPri^ 28 J'llY, 1067 11 empire was consolidated. The remains of a Mahri fort have been found in a gorge below a pass dominating a route across the island. Some like it here. Only in the 19th century did it come under European dominance again. In 1834 the Suhan refused to sell his island to Britain, and the British sent in Indian troops until Aden was occupied in 1839. In 1886 a protectorate was formally pro­ claimed. Yet the only real British presence on the island was during WWII, when British, Southafrican and Canadian squadrons operated from an airstrip for patrols against Axis sub­ marines in the sea lanes. The Sultan of Qishn and Socotra has resided there for the last eighty years, since he fell out with his people on the mainland, 1

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The leader of a 1956 expedition from Oxford Uni­ versity, Douglas Bolting, found that the Sultan's two chief Wazirs headed a system of four principal Muqaddems THE WORLD'S FINEST BEARINGS or head-men with 30/60 lesser Muqad­ dems at the head of sub-districts. ' products are DOW made In Soatta Alrloa- Tbey match the rl«id international standards tor wbloh S^ Among the aboriginals in the hills, bearings are !amous. SKP ... lor twll. roller, svherloal. tapered or needle bearings. called "bedouin" by the Arabs, there •^5874. NEWS/CHECK 73 JU'.Y 19'7 seem limited to clay pots and thin, dark grey goat-hair rugs called sham- lah, of which a few are exported. So Socotra has the epitome of a stagnant economy, undeveloped, undeveloping. There are no newspapers, roads, hos­ pitals or motor vehicles, few shops and no minerals of commercial worth. Cousins in the past. Typically, the only wild form of the pomegranate in the world is found on Socotra, which sums up much of the island's present character. But the peculiarity of its vegetation is part of its attraction. The sword-leaved Dragon's Blood tree, for instance, with its white and strongly fragrant flowers, is a member of a SOCOTBAN FISHERS SETTING OFF sub-group of the lily family with other Dragon's blood and a gentle gotterddmmerung representatives in Southern Arabia, the Sudan and the Canary Islands. The was a patriarchal social system, the the oranges (probably imported by iridaceous (iris family) genus Babiana heads of families being responsible to Persians 2,000 years ago) or of figs, occurs only in Southafrica and on So­ the heads of clans, these in turn being both of which grow wild. cotra. Such links may seem esoteric, responsible to the head of the tribe. In the mountains, the pastoral be­ but research into the connections with But the whole system was perfunctory douin tend their small humpless cattle, Africa and southern Arabia contri­ and almost invisible. The people of perhaps also imported from Persia butes to knowledge of Africa's vegeta­ the coast, who live by fishing and long ago, for all African and southern tion. growing a little grain, are a compara­ Arabian cattle have humps today. The Socotrans themselves, however, tively recent mixture of Arabs and (Unusually immune as they must be to are content to earn a little money from Africans, the latter mostly the descen­ tropical conditions, these cattle could dants of slaves from East Africa. But researchers (South Arabian currency is be of u.se in Africa itself.) The bedouin demanded) and none have yet demand­ the bedouin are a much older mixture: also make what is now the island's some short and dark with curly hair, ed that a UN team come instead. The main export, ghee or clarified butter. island's political status is anomalous, some taller with light skins and fine The Socotran aloe's amber juice was features, some with lean limbs and still a British protectorate but not a once the most highly prized in the member of the South Arabian Federa­ Jewish features. Botting presumed world as a laxative, but modern sub­ that they were the result of successive tion nor with any wish to join the stitutes have replaced it even in the nearer Somali RepubHc. Stripping the waves of settlers from the Arabian East, and the bedouin collect little of mainland and, as they were predomi­ bark from a branch to make a one- it now. Similarly, the resin of the smoke stem for their hard-wood pipe nantly round-headed like some of the dragon's blood tree, once in demand old pre-Arab communities of southern bowls, the islanders seem content to Arabia, he suggested a strong connec­ for dyes and varnishes, finds few mar­ remain a mystery to themselves as well tion which is backed up by similari­ kets todav. The island's handicrafts as to the rest of the world. ties in language with Mahra and Dhu- far on the mainland. In fact everyone on the island now speaks Socotri rather than Arabic. Bygones are bygones. The popu­ lation of the island is estimated at any­ where between 5,000 and 12,000 — the troglodyte bedouin are uncountable — though it is guessed that numbers may have fallen since the good old days. Of the three smaller islands in the Socotra group, Darsah is waterless and uninhabited, Semha has water and about 150 inhabitants, and Abd El Kuri, halfway to the Somali coast, has another 150 who live from their goats and fishing, though the island is mostly desert and the water brack. Life on Socotra itself is little better. Some of the people of the main villages along the coast are fishermen or pearl divers, but the pearls are of poor quality. Others trade or cultivate small plots, SOCOTRA'S CAPITAL 1! but there is no proper cultivation of Up from ihe gulf

NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 13 CAMELS ARE THE ONLY means of transport across the roadless island, along tracks, where they exi.st, amid the endless bushes of Croton socro- tanus, a 7/8ft high bush which in­ furiates the traveller by being too high to see over (below). Vast tracks of land below 1,500ft are covered with it, one of the plants peculiar to Socotra. The lower coastal plains are occupied mostly by salt bush and knee-high semi-desert scrub, while the higher limestone ground is sparsely vegetated except for sheltered and often mist- covered slopes. Above 2/3.000ft there are extensive grasslands, not yet over­ grazed by the small humpless cattle. A peculiar community of succulents inhabit the lower hillsides, such as the conspicuous fat-stemmed adenium tree, cucumber trees (Dendrosicyos soco- trana) and a species of Sterculia which grows to 60/70ft — a bizarre sparsely- branched giant. The main vegetation THE STONE WALLS stretching on the central granite slopes is dense across the uplands (abovp) may be scrub forest, especially on the northern among the few relics of an older, more slopes facing the wind in the wet advanced civilisation on Socotra. But season. Even on the rocky pinnacles of Johannesburger John Lavranos, who the highest peaks are 15/20ft trees photographed the scenes on these last with fat bottle-shaped trunks known two pages and the cover picture while as Dorstenia gigans, unique in that in on the island with Bloxall's expedition, other countries of the region Dorstenia says that the present inhabitants of the are invariably dwarf plants. With all hills and mountains can tell no more this, the higher ground particularly than that they were built "by the could be fertile, but irrigation is vir­ Christians". Lavranos confirms the existence of an old road in the east, tually non-existent. The woods find between abandoned plantations and an their highest use in supplyinsi branches old port. Earlier explorers have re­ for the roofs of primitive bedouin huts. ported remnants of quite large stone buildings, elaborate stone terraces, arti­ ficial reservoirs and temples. Certainly the prosperity of Socotri has declined over the last few centuries; perhaps because of the subjugation of the apparently energetic pre-Arab com­ munity by the Mahris; also because of the collapse in the incense and Dragon's Blond trade. At the western end of Socotra, the port of Oalansiya still harbours dhows taking on water as the winter north east monsoon sweeps them from Kuwait, but they no longer have much trade with Socotra. The old cargoes are loaded no more as the south west mon'ioon takes them north again at this time of year from Zanzibar, Mombasa and Mogadishu. The Socotrans themselves are not good sailors and do only a little offshore fishing to supplement their meagre grain crops and the dates which are seldom properly grown in groves. The old plantations of frankincense and Dragon's Blood trees are neglected, dying out as islanders lop off their branches as fodder for their goats.

14 NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 THROUGHOUT THE ISLAND are little stone water houses which the nearest inhabitant keep replenished for the traveller. One is beside the largest mosque on Socotra, in Hadibu. Islam is probably as corrupted by the Socot- trans as Christianity was, and their religion has always had a pagan ele­ ment. It is said that they were con­ verted to Christianity by St Thomas who was wrecked on the i.sland while on his way to India. He built the first Socotran church from the wood of his smashed boat. "A multitude of Christians" lived on the island by the year 530 and priests came there from Persia. Writing in the 13th century, Marco Polo reported all the inhabitants Christian with their own Archbishop — they were apparently, like the Ethio­ pians, members of the Nestorian UNLIKE THE MEN of Arabia, Soco- Older fighters gave their name to the Church. But, said Marco Polo, despite trans do not carry guns. In fact the dam al-akhwein, the "blood of the being forbidden by their Archbishop, bedouin are forbidden to, and the two brothers", which is what the Soco- the Socotrans were "the best enchan­ Sultan keeps order with only about a trans call the resin of the Dragon's Blood tree (below, right). The source ters in the world", able to raise the dozen police (one is shown below, winds to lure ships on to the rocks. left), who are mostly hillmen or Afri­ seems to be an Indian legend (indi­ cans. Some of the typically Arabian cating that contact with India was Now it is Islam that is almost no­ punishments, .such as cutting off hands, strong a couple of thousand years ago), minal, at least among the bedouin. may be barbarous, but they seem to which tells how dragons were always Their circumcision ceremony is some­ deter law-breaking effectively — La- fighting elephants to drink their blood. thing of a pagan initiation ceremony vranos saw no men so puni.shed on this But in one struggle the elephant fell and litholatry, the worship of stones, year's visit. Another punishment is de­ on the dragon and crushed it. The mat­ was noticed by Major Spencer Cooke portation to the inhospitable states of ter exuding from the dragon mixed who spent over a year on the island the Hadramaut. Rotting was told that with the blood of the two animals was during WWII. The bedouin have no half the prostitutes at Mukalla, on the called cinnabar, and the name was later mosques and are lax about prayer; southern Arabian coast, were bani.shed used for the gum of the Dracaena but even the Arabs gossip with one an­ Socotran women. Quite recently, some cinnibari, the Dragon's Blood tree. other as they pray to Mecca. Witch­ Arab nationalists were .sent from Ku­ This resin exudes in tears from the craft, normally a meaningless concept wait, but were soon rounded up by the stem and is chipped and collected in to Muslims, is officially recognised as police and despatched to a doubtful goat skins after the rains, then sold for a crime by the Sultan's government, welcome in Mahra. use in dye manufacture. and a trial by ordeal was held in 1955.

' NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 15 WORLD/CHECK^^-- VISITATIONS Quebec libra? French President Charles de Gaulle's five-day courtesy visit to Expo '67 soon developed into a major Canadian poli­ tical crisis. De Gaulle began his tour in Quebec by encouraging French Canadians to become their "own masters". And as the tour continuned this week and the crowds became larger and more frenzied in their welcome, de Gaulle responded with: "Vive Quebec litre!" This open encouragement of Quebec separatism coupled with the Quebec provincial government's total disregard RAISING THE "ASSOCIATION'S" BRONZE CANNON of Ottawa for welcoming preparations Not so Scilly enraged the Federal government, which cannon was raised. At this point the has been doing a slow burn ever since this week, the Student Non-Violent Co­ first hopes began to be dashed, for the ordinating Committee (which Car­ the show started. Prime Minister Lester gun, probably made in Le Havre in the Pearson called a special Cabinet meet­ michael converted to militancy) held 1660s, is not recorded as having been a congress in Newark at which para­ ing to consider the political implica­ part of the Association's equipment. tions of the remarks and opposition military training for all Negro youths But French maritime historians have was recommended. The conference leader John Diefenbaker called the been asked to give positive dating of statements "inexcusable interference". ordered abstinence from birth control the gun and records, after all, are never — "a white plot to exterminate the Then, oO Wednesday, after Pearson necessarily complete or accurate. officially called de Gaulle's words Negro race" — and planned educa­ Rolling stones. Treasure of another tional apartheid, since "the interests of "unacceptable", the French President sort has been raised from the bed of cancelled his visit to Ottawa and flew the races conflict, and our physical, the English Channel by members of cultural and moral values are not the home — with an Anglo-Saxon "noii" the British Kingston Sub-aqua Club. in his ears. sames as the whites'." But in spite The chief artifact is an 801b stone, of the legacy of Little Rock and spherical in shape and thought to be Selma, only one of the riots which has TREASURE a Roman catapult ball. Hopes are accompanied this "black summer" To the surface again that the stone may mark the site erupted in the Deep South—at Tampa, of drowned Roman-British towns, The obsession with sunken treasure Florida. The others, in Michigan, Ohio, swamped, according to legend, .some New Jersey, Maryland and New York, takes many forms, some of them 1,900 years ago when the sea claimed bizarre. It all depends on the character where Puerto Rican riots have resulted part of the Sussex coastline. Also in in one death, are in the industrialised of the hunters themselves, who can be evidence are slabs of loose stone which scientists or crackpots, or both. The North where Negroes are firstly slum Major Hume Wallace, leader of the dwellers. latest centre of treasure hunting acti­ club, believes are remains of the outer vity is the Scilly Isles, off the English wall of a Roman fortress. However, Niggers in the woodpile. In motor coast, where Naval Air Command the age of the stones has been queried divers have been raising remnants of by experts, one assertion this week a wreck which, it is hoped, will turn being that the quarry marks on the out to be the lost English treasure ship stones are little more than 200 years Association. Should this be the case, old. Still plenty of room for argument. more than R2.000.000 worth of bullion is guessed to be lying on the bottom. A golden gun? The Association, the THE US one-time flagship of Admiral Cloudes- Black power burns red ley Shoveirs Mediterranean fleet, The mounting death toll of 33 in riot- foundered with four other ships on wracked Detroit by Wednesday this Scilly reefs one stormy October night week has overtaken Newark's earlier in 1707. Apart from its own valuables 25 deaths. And with racial skirm­ it was probably carrying loot from ishes escalating throughout the US, French and Spanish ships as well. So the eventual casualty list may make that when, three weeks ago, the divers Sharpeville look like a minor brush. brought up a gold Portuguese coin "We have to fight with anything nece.s- dated 1704, hopes ran high that there .sary for our liberation," said Stokely was a lot more to come. Two more Carmichael, Jamaican-born high priest coins were raised and, to get positive of Black Power and friend of Fidel WHITE R;0T VICTiM IN NEW JERSEY identification of the ship, a bronze Castro. While Newark buried its dead Wounds netting deeper

16 NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 Port-au-Prince during the celebrations contributed about R71m since WWII, commemorating Duvalier's sixtieth cut its aid off in 1962. Now it allots birthday and tenth anniversary as R1.7m annually for medicine and food president. He immediately exiled his only. Since then Haiti's economy has two sons-in-law and their subordinates come almost to a standstill. Exports to remote parts of the island. On June have fallen drastically and the govern­ 8, 19 army officers were executed on ment is four months behind in wages. charges of attempting to overthrow The bands of roving Ton-Ton Macoutes him and since then some 100 friends with cocked machine guns have re­ and aides of his son-in-law Col Maxi- duced the tourist trade to almost nil. milien Dominique have taken refuge For Duvalier, only Antoine is always in Latin American embassies. on hand to conjure up the faces of Fear and retaliation. Duvalier has enemies, who are then liquidated in also set up a new internal security secret horror chambers or by firing force, employing European mercenaries squad. As one Latin American diplo­ in top government posts, fearing that mat put it, "this country is so poor his personal bodyguards, the dreaded and chaotic that not even the Com­ Ton-Ton Macoutes, will join his munists want it". enemies. In preparation against an in­ NEWARK POLICE GUARD WOUNDED surrection he is desperately trying to TURKEY COMRADE buy WWII arms from Europe. And a Order first, remedy after Dominican newspaper said a week ago The shaken state town Detroit, where Ford, Chrysler that a Bahamas-trained guerrilla force The headlines for Pope Paul's good­ and General Motors this week stopped will begin invasion operations within will visit to Turkey last weekend were the production lines, the racial issues the coming weeks. stolen by the earthquake which was have become blurred. Most of the Haiti's bloody history since indepen­ first reported to have claimed 1,000 1,200 arrests were for theft by both dence from France in 1804 is dotted victims. The horrific tales of fifty white and black. "This ain't a race with 130 revolutions, 19 constitutions villages disappearing into massive riot, it's a looting spree," growled one and 39 presidents, only 3 of whom cracks in the ground were modified by sleepless police chief. Admittedly there have managed to serve out their term. the offical death-count to date of 86. is a hard core of extremists, the ones Corruption and inefficiency have re­ But with a dozen mosques, a hospital who snipe at the 12,000 police and the duced the island to its present state and a factory crumbled in the worst-hit 2,000 paratroops President Johnson of utter poverty and near-starvation. town of Adapazari (population 40,000) sent in to restore order, and the ones When Duvalier came to power in 1957 and a communications breakdown who make and throw the Molotov he promised reforms. Instead he raised masking the fate of remote areas, the cocktails which have raised a RlOOm taxes, set up a personal police force news can only further retard Turkey's pyre of smoke over the city. But the of 5,000 thugs who pillaged and plun­ ailing economy and five-year plan, torn looters, white and black, care less for dered the 4im inhabitants and diverted as the country is by a political up­ racial self-government than for their foreign aid into his private coffers. heaval which threatens to decimate the poverty. State Governor George Rom- Abandoned. The US. which had opposition Republican People's Party, ney bewails the "carnival atmosphere" which surrounds pillaged areas and is echoed by many responsible Negroes Negro Congressman John Conyers ap­ pealed for calm, only to be stoned and deafened with cries of "No! — Kill Whitey." Black vigilantes gave cover­ ing fire to Detorit firemen, and a hundred black volunteers joined the tanks and troopers. Non-violent leader Martin Luther King — an "Uncle Tom Nigger" to the extremists — has spoken of basic social needs. But on Wednesday conditions were so bad that the tanks had to go in again.

HAITI Rumblings of Revolt With the help of his chief voodoo priest, Antoine, Haiti's President Fran­ cois (Papa Doc) Duvalier is carrying out a wave of arrests and executions in fear of an imminent revolution in the Caribbean black republic. Trouble started in May when a bomb exploded ADAPAZARI'S EARTHQUAKE: COLLAPSED BUILDING in front of the presidential palace in No Turkish delight

NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 17 Mtm^Bitii^awM.u'myi^Pj"^! \>*^ •"-' I 'mw}^>vfmmf»f'i"mu^9'':M^

It ^ NEWS/CHtCK 28 JULY, ly6/ ROM THE MOUNTAIN which F dominates Sinai, two spurs sweep down to embrace the monastery of St Katherine (left). Both mountain and monastery are sacred to those religions which had their inception in the moun­ tains which loom over the desert and the Red Sea. For the Jews — whose victorious soldiers are now tourists in the monastery — they are sacred be­ cause Moses received the Laws on Jebel Musa (7,422ft) and because the Burning Bush still blooms inside the 35ft walls. For the Arabs they are also holy, since the phophet Moham­ med gave them his special protection when Islam swept the region 1,300 years ago. First sign of occupation was the oasis of Marah (above), bitter until Moses made the water drinkable. Then, in 527 AD, the Roman emperor Justinian founded the monastery, making it a fort against the Tiiareh (Sinai Be­ douin) who still today ostracise the families Justinian settled at Marah to guard the monks. In 1320 Pope John XXII changed the name to St Kathe- rine's monastry when Greek Orthodox monks found the saint's body in a pool on Jebel Katherin, one thousand years after her matrydom. Rich in ikons and early documents, the monas­ tery is a historian's treasure trove. Un­ til the last century, however, their re­ searches were discouraged by the daunting ba.sket ascent over the walls (right). Today, 19 monks (there were 400 in 1336) still distribute bread to the Ghafirs (unbelievers) in this way. ^^"^fis^ >.;^

NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 ;» AFRICA COHGO-KINSHASA RHODESIA Go down Moses Talking again Everyone involved was holding fire in With new banknotes and a no-tax- the Congo affair early this week, wait­ increase budget under their belts since ing for Algerian President Houari Bou- the end of last week, Rhodesians this medienne to decide whether or not to week got another pleasant present: the news that British PM Harold Wilson was prepared to modify the disputed Tiger constitution to make it more acceptable to Ian Smith's government. Wilson told the House of Commons that his recent envoy to Rhodesia, Lord Alport, had recommended that Britain take the initiative in negotiat­ ing a settlement. So Sir Humphrey Gibbs in Salisbury had been instructed to "clarify" for Smith's cabinet one or two points of the Tiger proposals. But nomic reforms rather than military Wilson added that the British govern­ retaliation. Although he rejected direct ment fully reserved its position on the negotiations with Israel, Nasser stated question of no independence before vaguely "we do not rule out political majority rule. talks and contacts", which gives rise to hopes in Tel Aviv that battered Egypt, compared to Algeria and Syria, EGYPT is no longer in the front rank of mili­ Revolution, sometimes tant Arab states. Abdel Gamal Nasser's first public speech since he withdrew his brief NIGERIA resignation after the Arab-Israeli war The war goes on (cont'd) contained a few dim hopes for a peace­ After three weeks of slow advance. ful settlement in spite of his condemna­ Federal Nigerian forces now appear to tion of the US. Speaking from the main be within twenty miles of secessionist amphitheatre of Cairo University on Biafra's capital, Enugu. Foreign jour­ nalists saw the key university town of CONGO REFUGEES ARRIVING IN BRUSSELS the eve of Egypt's fifteenth anniversary THIS WEEK of the revolution this week, Egypt's Nsukka in Federal hands last week, Trouble never ends President declared: "There is only one and Major-General Yakubu Gowon's confirm his Supreme Court's ruling a path ahead of us: that of continuing troops are firmly entrenched in the week ago that Moise Tshombe should the struggle." He explained that the north east Biafran district of Ogoja. be extradited to the Congo. With struggle would be political, economic Lagos claims that Biafra's "air supe­ French barrister Rene Floriot barred and military, but the emphasis seemed riority" was lost when Nigerian Air to be on long-term political and eco- Force Dornier training aircraft began from the court, Algerian lawyer Ab- attacks on Enugu; though departing dessamad Ben Abdellah represented Europeans say they experienced no the former Congolese PM, who told bombing there. The B26 which two the court: "I will accept your decision. weeks ago strafed a Federal supply I am a man. I will go." "Tshombe is depot has not been seen for a few days a dead man," was the reaction of and may be out of commission. (Ru­ Congolese President Joseph Mobutu. mour has it that a second B26 is on its Yet Boumedienne hesitated. For a way to Biafra from Luxembourg.) start, he is none too keen on US- Blockaded in Enugu, Lt-Col Odumeg- backed Mobutu. Second, a wave of wu Ojukwu is preparing for what may pro-Tshombe pleas indicated just too be the last battle of the war. Biafran much interest in the affair abroad. armies are being recalled and regroup­ Third, though the mercenary putsch ed to defend Enugu, and officers in at Kisangani had been scotched, the the field have been given greater auto­ Conao seemed ready for more trouble nomy after pressure on Ojukwu from if T'shombe were sent back. Belgian the more aggressive "revolutionary refugees were still arriving home after wing" of Biafran officers. Ibo tribes­ leaving a Congo that was restless and men, spurred on by tales of Federal brutal again, and mercenary leader atrocities, are being armed in their Major Jean Schramme was holding out thousands to defend Enugu. Last-ditch in his fortress at Punia, 150 miles south­ the measures may be; their results will east of Kisangani, reportedly with two LAWYERS FLOKIOT AND ABDELLAH be bloody. T-28 fighters and .several Dakotas. Still hoping NEWS/CHECK 26 JUIV, 1967 20 w DISASTERS f'^'V^^ —~ The last flight 1 i Until] a week ago, Albert Sylla was Foreign Minister of Madagascar, car­ Z'^^M ) rying out the usually conservative < ' A foreign policy of President Philibert 4 W Tsiranana. Madagascar recognises Na­ i tionalist China and goes along with i the pro-French OCAM states, and there have been indications that it »^% might be considering quiet economic links with Southafrica. Sylla would 8»- m^ifxa have been involved in this. But a week / ;;!• ij"! .,,.:- ' Aft • .V" "^^~ljSii|ffl*Sf' f'^ •• ••^•^ ago he and forty other passengers were killed when a Malagasy DC-4 aircraft ^^r ^ -4y^j'^MH B :d^*^l^8i#*^ crashed just after taking off from . -: ,-.>,.-^-'/••••• ^^%-'. • .:.'«|rt>^ • -'•3ls ^y Tananarive airport on one of the vast " t.'jrtiiiMig•: ' and mountainous island's many inter­ ^\ nal flights. Thirty-five other passen­ 1 gers were injured, with little left of the plane but the stump of the nose cone MM .0$SiSr«^ .AIM '' m f -J^** ^,': ..^ii n^ in one of Africa's worst air disasters. TANANARIVE AIK CBASH Kingpin lost DIPLOMATS tically minded Negroes take a different WASPs (White Anglo-Saxon Protes­ into another kind of jungle view and go out of their way to con­ tants), the African diplomat can come "In New York, you either put up or tact African visitors. up against even more stubborn resist­ shut up." So runs the jingle of a cur­ But New York of course imposes ance, since the arrival of even a Catho­ rent advertisement for a brand of beer, much more strain on the diplomats' lic or a Jew is enough to cause raised designed to show how only the best wives than on the delegates themselves, eyebrows and the use of subtle pres­ can survive in the tough competition immersed as they usually are in a sures. of America's premier city. The apho­ constant social whirl and largely insu­ Putting out the mat. On the other rism is typical of the way in which lated from the harsher side of city life hand, in the real high-price apartments New Yorkers take a curious pride in in the plush surroundings of the UN bordering on the luxury bracket, a the fact that their city can be a friend­ buildings overlooking the East River diplomat from a foreign land, less, uncharitable desert. with a comparatively uncluttered sky­ especially with some exotic name, is This is especially so for newly ar­ line. Since in many African societies welcomed into the social circles of rived African diplomats and their the wife is seldom seen in public and the block with some pride. But another families, pitched into the midst of New even most diplomats' wives are far less difficulty applies everywhere: that the York's concrete jungle to represent educated and worldly than their hus­ foreign diplomat is immune, under their governments at the UN. Often bands, life in the heart of New York diplomatic privilege, from court pro­ they have a minimum of briefing and can be nerve-shattering. All the more cedures over property claims, damage, preparation for the sudden change, so where language difficulties arise. or default of rental, and many land­ from the easy-going life of the village Perhaps her English is sketchy, as with lords try to avoid letting to any diplo­ or backwater capital back home, to Swahili-speaking East Africans, or mat. Perhaps an even harder nut to the apartment ten or twenty floors up non-existent, as among African women crack is schooling for children in a in a New York block. Little wonder from the French-speaking states of city where school places are at a pre­ then that the diplomatic community West Africa. mium even for the New Yorkers and there has a high incidence of mental Whites only. A more long-term the English-type private school almost disorders, resulting in at least one problem is accommodation. After an non-existent. suicide by an African wife and a crop initial month or two in some small A body which helps African arrivals of cases invalided home after a few hotel for transients, the newly arrived overcome the problems is the African- months. diplomat and his family move into one American Institute, which began in Different shade of black. A big dis­ of the teeming apartment blocks, if Washington in 1951 and moved to appointment for some is the attitude they are lucky enough to find one New York in 1964, with offices in the of the American Negro. Dr Julius where colour does not immediately plush Alcoa Towers in United Nations Kiano, now Kenya's Labour Minister, cause complications. In the sleazier Plaza. The AAI has a committee of once rushed up to a black American apartments inhabited by lower income volunteers who introduce new arrivals he spotted just after arriving in Boston groups, resentment at the arrival of to the complexities of Manhattan from Nairobi and blurted out "I'm a black man could be the flashpoint Island, to the bus system where twenty from Africa". The Negro replied in a for a neighbourhood outcry, now that cents dropped into the box beside the bored voice: "So what, bud?" In fact American Negro families are at the driver on entry is enough to cover any the average Negro has little interest same time making their bid to break single journey, to the subway system in Africa and feels less connection out of their Harlem ghettos for the where tokens must be used by passen­ with Africans, especially when they more fashionable East Side areas. And gers to gain admittance through the speak with English accents. Only poli- amid the true-blue Americans or swing doors.

NEV/S/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 21 The new arrivals are also shown the ported for misconduct to the quaint- Home away from home. Recently, best points to wait for taxis and advice sounding New York Hack Association. much of the pressure has been relieved on how to cope with the tougher cab­ Places in schools have also been found by the UN itself, which now runs a bie, including the information that by for hundreds of African children dur­ special section to help newly-arrived law a taxi-driver must always accept ing their temporary stay in New York, diplomats and mission staffs get settled a fare when stopped, and can be re­ some outside the city. in. And in the past year or so the African diplomats themselves have taken a hand. Those wives who are by now old hands at living in New York escort the new arrivals and introduce them to the local telephone, the dish­ washer, the garbage-disposal unit, the washing machine and the spin-drier — essential where it is taboo to hang washing out to dry. Some countries also run introduction courses at home for families posted to America, usually in conjunction with the US Informa­ tion Service and including information about American food and even eating with a knife and fork in the American style. Much of course depends on the adaptability of the individual and the general verdict is that after the first few weeks the transition is usually coped with. Still, for the wife and children especially, those four walls in the high apartment take some getting used to after the noisy hustle of Lagos as much as after the sleepiness of MAKING BLACK DIPLOMATS FEEL AT HOME Ouagadougou. How to become a proper cookie-pusher

Johimie Walker, the world's -biggest-selling Scotch whisky, has its small beginnings high in the Scottish hills! People like Johnnie Walker. More of them drink it than any other Scotch in the world. It is the true Scotch whisky. And its special flavour caimot be matched. Johnnie Walker is made with the pure dear bum water of Scotland. The bums that rise high in the lulls are filtered naturally as they run over beds of peat and granite. These cool streams are piped direct into the distilleries that produce the great highland malt whiskies that are blended into Johnnie Walker. Hand-cut peat. Leave heather for 30 centuries in swirling mists, and it turns to peat. It's then right for Johnnie Walker. Men cut the peat, by hand, from the moors, and take it to the distillery. Barley is smoked over the burning peat, which leaves its flavour lingering in the grain. Johnnie Walker is sold in 165 countries.

Born 1820—still going strong JOHNNIE WALKER 3291/4

22 NEWS/CHECK 23 JULY, 1967 THE RAND AFRIKAANS UNIVERSITY - fiiii;iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiDiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii| CHALLENGES IN PLANNING IOUTLOOKI A classical scholar of world stature, tunities for regular per.sonal contact with professors and Prof Gerrit Viljoen's appoint­ tutors, the organising of tutorial or seminar work in smaller ment as Principal and Vice- groups supplementing more formal lectures to large classes, chancellor of the new Rand the introduction of modern and rational teaching methods, Afrikaans University marks an­ including the use of more printed "hand-outs" to reduce other high point in his distin­ outmoded copying of dictated notes and which will facilitate guished academic career. After rapid learning of a subject's fundamentals: lectures can studying at Pretoria University thus become a dialogue rather than a monologue. (Latin, Greek and Law) he went on to Cambridge (where he took OT ONLY lecture room facilities should be created for the Classical Tripos cum laude) N the student if he is to adapt sucessfully in the univer­ and Leiden. Among his diverse sity community. A metropolitan university has to reckon interests are youth movements and with large numbers of day students. For the.se there should modern educational methods. Of be ample provision for recreation, refreshment and study his new responsibilities he writes: needs. We are at the moment planning some form of day students' residence, which would have rest and common HE NEW Rand Afrikaans University (RAU) plans to rooms, private study bays, facilities for group work and T welcome its first students — an estimated 300/500 even kitchenettes where students can prepare their own enrolment — at its temporary premises in Braamfontein light meals. Here again the larger mass should be organised in February 1968. Its autonomous, statutory Council, in­ into smaller units where that intimate and intensive conver­ stituted by act of parliament, first met in December 1966 sation and mental friction characteristic of mature student and appointed me as Principal and Vice-chancellor. I took life can materialise. up full-time duties in March the following year, and in ONTEMPORARY research and teaching is more and May I was joined by eight senior administrative officials. C more emphasising the importance of interdisciplinary This month most of the 33 professors and senior lecturers activities. New universities are breaking the barriers between already appointed attended a first academic planning meet­ departments which have traditionally worked in splendid ing. As decided, courses will be offered in the Faculties of isolation, and for the ancient faculty system they are sub­ Arts, Science, Commerce and Law. Building activities are stituting "schools" of tightly organised courses covering a progressing, converting existing buildings and sheds into fairly wide spectrum but focused on a clearly defined com­ lecture halls, offices, laboratories, a library, study and mon aim. The RAU is clo.sely investigating the rationalisa­ reading rooms, cafeteria and recreation facilities. By 1971 tion and proper integration of subjects into curricula with it will be possible to meet the needs of up to 1.500 students; just such a clearly defined purpo.se. Freedom of choice of by 1972 the first permanent buildings should be ready on subjects resulting in a haphazard conglomeration of courses the Auckland Park campus. Facing this new University will leads not only to the selection of "soft options" as stop­ be many exciting challenges: gaps, but also impedes well-planned tuition in the different courses which require con.stant reference to each other and HERE is firstly the problem of growth and size. Univer­ to the properly integrated centra! aim of the curriculum. T sities in general are growing larger as higher education There is too the neecl,^to explore new avenues of study which becomes less and less the prerogative of a privileged few. call for the collabora^on of different disciplines on a joint Already in the 1950s the percentage of white Southafricans problem or area of covicentration. In this way themes of embarking on higher education was the world's second current interests could form a focal point of interdisciplinary highest, surpassed only by the US's percentage. Total full- "schools", e.g. communications in all its varied aspects. time white .student enrolment rose from 8,300 in 1936 to 20,000 in 1946, 27,300 in 1956 and 38,000 in 1965. Large HAVE already referred to the limited resources of man- universities are necessary not only because of the constant I pov/er. Not only does advanced research in many fields growth of student population, but also because of the need require the bringing together of considerable teams of to assemble large teams of .specialists and highly expensive experts, but most scholars need the stimulus of constant apparatus in order to ensure significant standards of post­ contact and conversation with their fellow experts. In this graduate and research work. The limited resources of respect the RAU is determined to work hard towards closer highly-educated manpower and the high costs of specialised intellectual and educational co-operation between the five apparatus suggest caution against the multiplication of neighbouring universities in the Transvaal. I am sure that smaller universities. The RAU must thus plan on the we could all benefit tremendously from the borrowing or assumption that it is potentially a large university. This interchanging of specialist lecturers, and from the better and requires a radical review of internal .structure and function­ wider use of specialist facilities, manpower and training ing so as to ensure effective education of the individual available in each of our universities. At the same time we student, especially on the undergraduate level. The young, consider it essential to work towards close contact between student will need some planned care for his personal welfare training and profession, between theory and practice. Top and social adaptation within the large new community; specialists from the professions should be invited to deliver also for a successful transition to the heightened intellectual .short series of lectures on their particular speciality, thus activity and more independent and original methods of work introducing stuc ents to the successful and dynamic leaders which will be required of him. This will require oppor­ from "real life" outside the university.

NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 a3 AivtrtittmmU BOniE-NECK LIVING in the Duplicating Room CULTURE to Step into the ramshackle cottage in Going arty the chi-chi part of Capetown's Wyn- Major commercial and marketing berg which is the headquarters of Nell organisations have become important users Although serious artists would con­ temptuously deny it, the level of art Kaye's "Chelsea Art School" for in­ of litho duplicating presses in the last stance, is to enter a different world. decade. These plants, easily run by semi­ appreciation seems to be rising in Southafrica. Not that people are buy­ The same applies to Peter Haden's skilled labour, save the endless delays "Academy" in Johannesburg's north­ caused by putting out duplicating work to ing fewer Tretchikoff reproductions, or the garish mountain and sea-scapes ern suburbs, which has the authen­ jobbing printers (who are seldom geared tic atmosphere of an artist's atelier. for this type of operation) and reduce which sell by the roadside on a Sun­ printing costs on short-run (up to 100) day afternoon. But an increasing num­ Another point in favour of the art orders. Company-wide memos, staff maga­ ber are taking advantage of the in­ schools is their reasonable tariff. zines, general inter-office stationery, forms formal, free-and-easy type of instruc­ Krenz of Capetown for instance, asks of all kinds, reprints of news items and tion being offered in private art schools a mere R17 for eight lessons (slightly magazine stories, staff-instruction booklets, run by either up-and-coming or big cut-rate on the R2 per lesson often operation manuals, price lists; all these name artists. Among these are Cape­ charged), Haden RIO monthly for one things, calling for instant printing more town's Alfred Krenz and Nell Kaye, lesson a week. For fees lilce these, often than not, are produced on the spot Johannesburg's Sidney Goldblatt, Bill pupils get free clay and armatures (the with small litho presses—a wonderful way Ainslie and Peter Haden. All are good iron or lead bases used in sculpture) of saving time and money. enough to regularly exhibit and sell at the Chelsea Art School, an easel In most businesses the major bottleneck their work, and could certainly exist and free paint (although they supply is the preparation of the plates. With without their income from teaching. their own brushes and canvas) at presses turning out 100 copies a minute, But giving classes benefits them as well Krenz's school. Lessons last an entire plate-making equipment can seldom keep as their pupils: Nell Kaye, for instance, morning or afternoon, and the services pace with demand. says teaching "is so stimulating and of live models come free. A new development which is expected keeps me on my toes". And the artists The pally approach. Not only es­ to overcome this problem is the Itek Plate- also speak with a missionary fervour capist housewives attend art classes. master which turns the original copy—a about raising the level of art appre­ Nell Kaye's evening sessions can boast printed page, drawing, typescript, half-tone ciation through their classes. male doctors, architects and business­ photograph, picture cut from a magazine Bare facts. If there is to be any men. And anyone wanting a faster or paste-up of any combination of these— revolution in this direction, one major pace and the chance of picking up a into a litho plate in 30 seconds. starting point will be in the kitchen. skill which could bring financial re­ The Platemaster is a complete darkroom- For a heavy percentage of pupils are wards can go to more frankly com­ camera combination (needing only seven by housewives, largely because they have mercial establishments like Kevin four-and-a-half feet of floorspace) that more time on their hands than most Atkinson's Capetown Art Centre. With works in normal room light. Apart from during the day. Moreover, the exotic a staff of eleven, it has a membership choosing a reduction or enlargement factor atmosphere of the art school makes a of over 500. Since it started four years for the machine, all the "skill" needed is welcome break from the drudgery and ago its original life-drawing, oil-paint­ in pressing a button. No daily clean-up is boredom of home, the more so for ing and clay-modelling courses have necessary either. Secret of the equipment those women whose children are at been expanded to include basic, is revolutionary Kodak Verilith Paper school and who suddenly discover graphic and textile design, and the (supplied in rolls to avoid waste) which is their mornings are empty. For such production of batik and silk screen sensitive enough to reproduce each of the prints. One of his main aims, says dots making up a magazine photograph Atkinson, "is not to make artists, but (this means that real "photographic" re­ to make people appreciate art". production is possible without the cost of George Boys, head of the similar, but a specialist platemaker). newer, Johannesburg "Visual Arts The plates can print 5,000 copies and Research" studio, has the same idea, more. Kodak Verilith material becomes wanting to "bring art education more the offset lithoplate in only 30 seconds. into the climate of the present time". There are three Itek "Platemaster" units To do this, he first treats pupils (he available, priced from R3,575. To see a has 55 part-time, 45 full-time) "not demonstration of these remarkable machines as students but as fellow artists". After contact your Kodak Graphic Arts Repre­ being taught the basics, they are en­ sentative at: Cape Town, P.O. Box 735, couraged to branch out on their own, Phone 45-1101; Johannesburg, P.O. Box learning contemporary techniques 763, Phone 724-1751; Durban, P.O. Box ranging from the use of fibre glass in 1645, Phone 66791; Bloemfontein, P.O. sculpture to light modulation as a Box 326, Phone 4778; Port Elizabeth, P.O. visual form. Boys sees a brighter future Box 3296, Phone 28640; East London, P.O. for young artists, "because art is be­ Box 586, Phone 2940. coming more commercialised, and KODAK (S.A.) (PTY.) LTD., today there are much better oppor­ "Kodak", "Verilith" and "Itek Plate- PUPIL AT CAPETOWN'S CHELSEA tunities for them to become known master" are registered trademarks. ART SCHOOL and sell their work". Art for housewives' sake

24 NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 Do-it-yonrsclf. Not that everyone who goes to an art school aspires to selling. The motive of many is summed up by one young Johannesburg woman who says simply "It's fun". Mrs Rhona Beck, pupil sculptress at Peter Haden's talks about "doing something creative, which gives me the chance to possess something I haven't bought in a shop". And while another young housewife. Dawn Braun, frankly admits that she began attending Haden's classes be­ cause she was "terrified of being bored" when she stopped work, she says: "If this is merely to fill in time, at least it is far betler than going to bridge and tea-parties". In fact Mrs Braun has come on so well since starting that her friends often pounce on her sculpture for their own homes, an indication that private art schools produce some very good artists. For instance, names like Margaret Boland LIFE-DRAWING CLASS AT CAPETOWN ART CENTBE and Anna Verschoyle, both ex-Krenz To own something not bought pupils, are well-known in Capetown. Even if most pupils never get that chief is not in favour of a talkative wife, addition: 'Scuse me while I kiss this far, they express their appreciation of she should be able to entertain. guy), hardly troubled to try and wool- being able to learn art appreciation at Although the Embos have a tough pull about their illicit content. They practical first hand. Although it may assignment on their hands, it is just soon ran into trouble, though. Even never be anything but a hobby for possible that they will find the ideal the BBC could not take A day in the most learners, that more of them are woman. Trouble is, she might be look­ life of . . . one of the numbers on the finding out more about art can only be ing for the ideal man. Beatles' latest LP, Sgt Pepper's Lonely a tonic for the professionals. Hearts Club Band, in which a recurrent KICKS line goes: Fd like to turn you on, and PROPOSALS Ditties for hippies banned it. Axiomatically, so did the LSD is not only news these days, it is SABC. Power dreqmboat also money. And after the pushers, Ups and downs. In fact, the drug Xhosas of the Embo tribe of the possibly some of the biggest financial songs have confronted broadcasters Qumbu region in the Transkei have beneficiaries are record companies. with something of a poser. Not only been walking around with furrowed From frankly psychedelic songs like the straight-laced SABC, but even the brows lately. For their chief, 26-year- the Rolling Stones' Mother's Little more easy-going Lourenco Marques old Sigidi Matiwane, wants a wife, Helper (If you take much more of Radio, finds itself in a dilemma over and not just any wife. The tribesmen those/ You will get an overdose) to drugs on wax. "We try to keep clear are keen on getting hi'm off too, realis­ the Beatles' more subtle metaphors, of these songs" says LM disc-jockey ing that with the right spouse by his the trail of cannabis can be commonly John Burkes, "but often it's hard to side, he will stand a good chance of seen — and heard — on the pop-song pick out the drug metaphor which becoming the paramount chief of all scene. makes the song meaningful for the the Embos. And for that reason, a Drugs, men and song. Bob Dylan's initiates." He quotes songs like Yellow basic stipulation for any eligible Tambourine Man (junkie jargon for a Submarine and even the clean-living maiden is that she be of royal blood. drug pusher) started it all, but only Beachboys' Good Vibrations as being Comeback. The chief has sent when Donovan's Mellow Yellow among those with messages on the leaders of the tribe journeying through­ topped Southafrican charts three hash telegraph which have got through out the Republic to look for Mrs months ago did the trend really reach the net. But that might be a good Right. On the physical side she will the Republic. Mellow Yellow'^ sopori­ thing. For whereas the Beatles' Sgt have to be light-skinned, shapely and fic melody lulled everyone into missing Pepper is reported by its distributing graceful, tall and strong and healthy the pregnant line: Electrical bananas company to be having "unprecedented "so that she can bear the chief many gonna be the very next craze. Now, success for a banned record", another children".. The chief's intellectual re­ with the secret of manufacturing some­ which did make the air-waves, Procol quirements for his bride are no less thing near to LSD from chewing gum Harum's Whiter Shade of Pale, with demanding. She must have a good and putrified bananas out, so for the music based on Bach and strongly education, and be of reasonable intelli­ SABC, is Donovan. But after Donovan LSD-laced lyrics, has been shunried gence so as to be able to help her came the drug flood. "The Tribe's" by Southafrican disc buyers. "It never husband in his political duties. (She My Friend Jack Eats Sugarlumps made the charts, and its popularity is might at some stage, tribal elders con­ (how else do you take LSD?), "The still sinking" says an LM spokesman. cede, have to take her place in the Who's" / Can Fly, and Jimi Hendrix's Pleased anti-druggists are not singing Transkei parliament.) And while the Purple Haze (with its homosexual Will Ye No Come Bach Again.

NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 • .r?»'V33«fT.j(^rJs«w-

THE CHINESE WAY OF DEATH EATH IN CHINA is expenditure. wood, and much attention is given to but for the Chinese themselves they are D Preparations for his funeral con­ the correct positioning of the body; very real and necessary. The man is stitute one of the greatest outlays that in death as in life the elder must be not so much dead as absent, elevated a Chinese man will ever have to make. visibly as well as spiritually dignified. to the com.pany of his ancestors. With He must, according to his social stand­ In exceptionally old Chinese families the spirits who have preceded him ing, have a funeral suit specially tailor­ the rule of placing a coin in the dead he forms part of a centuries-long train ed and fitted. Once assured that it man's mouth is adhered to (see above). of guardians. To this chain of ancestors will look well on him, he will hang the This ensures that the money may be joss sticks are burnt regularly in every suit away, happy in the knowledge that readily produced when the inevitable Chinese home. They are held in the it is smart and ready, waiting for his demand for a fee is made by some utmost respect; even elderly Chinese funeral day. Among the Chinese fa­ ghostly doorkeeper. On the man's chest people, who are permitted to arrive milies in Southafrica many of the old they put paper dominoes — for luck. late at certain functions, will never- be funeral customs and traditions have The elaborate preparations and ap­ late for a funeral. For the Chinese been gently allowed to disappear, but parent materialism all have a point. death is only a stage, and the dressing this is one which has not fallen into A psychologist might say that they of death an assertion of this belief. abeyance. Nor has the attention given' are rituals designed to soften the im­ These pictures of a Chinese funeral to the coffin lapsed. It is of tremendous pact of death (the Oriental equivalent in Johannesburg's Ferreirastown were weight, usually of very costly scented of what goes on in Whispering Glades), taken for NLVvs/cHiiCK by Paul Vink.

26 NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 HINESE MOURNERS (see below) can be recog­ C nised: men wear armbands while women dress in shades of blue — the Chinese colour of death. If the deceased died in his old age it is accepted that some mourners will wear something more colourful, for although everyone is sad, the dead man had a long, fully-lived, life. All mourners are at one stage given a 5-cent coin, wrapped in paper. After the funeral something sweet will be bought with the coin — to cancel out the sorrow. During the actual ceremony, the assembly stands while dirge- like music is played and the main mourners burn incense. The chief mourner then holds up a cup of wine before an enlarged photograph of the deceased and chants a prayer. Following this mounds of paper — signifying money, which was once used in actual­ ity — are burnt (see right). The idea behind this is the same as when at the cemetery itself paper models of everyday objects are carried in procession; the hope is that these symbols of things needed on earth will ensure a plentiful spiritual supply for the dead man, should he require them in the new life,

^ ^mt jv TUP*

NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 27 "Oik i

^^ if ii

THE WALLS of the funeral parlour are hung with tributes to the dead man. These are in the form of exquisitely painted, specially commissioned poems in classic Chinese calligraphy. In the local community there are only a handful of artists capable of com­ posing such poems and/or brush-painting them. Friends and relatives send the poems to the funeral parlour and, in the course of the ceremony, each is read to the assembled mourners. Three days after the funeral the tributes are burnt, thus, in a .sen.se, spiritualising the qualities of character and mind pos­ sessed by the dead man as celebrated in the poems.

WHEN THE coffin with the body decently composed is in place, the death feast-table is laid. Chicken, roast pig, cakes, tea and whisky are arranged with joss sticks and flowers before a photograph of the deceased. The sticks are then lit and the mourners arrive. The cere­ monies begin, the dead man lies in his open coffin and the family and friends pay their last respects.

2( NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 experience, this will be a slow process. It can be expected, too, that most countries will discontinue minting high- SYSTEMS it may reach R 1.50c within days. On silver coins — as both the US and the other hand the markets had al­ Southafrica have done. Ready for the count ready anticipated the present situation Another potential source of supply Kenya is gearing itself for conversion so that even before last week, silver in are the very large hoards of silver in of its weights and measures to the London, where there was no fixed India, estimated to be in the region metric system, due to take place in price, was changing hands at inflated of 5,500m fine ounces. At any level March next year. The change will be prices. Another bullish factor is that over Rl.OO an ounce the price dif­ effected by areas, the Nairobi area US government sales will be limited ference between New York and Lon­ being first, so as to enable teams of to two million ounces a week, indicat­ don and Bombay should be sufficient­ engineers to change equipment in time. ing that demand will most likely stay ly attractive to persuade potential In­ Following conversion in an area, legis­ ahead of supply. Industrial usage in dian operators to sell silver. The cur­ lation will be introduced to prohibit the the US alone is now averaging nearly rent price in Bombay is around 98c. use of imperial weights and measures three million ounces a week. Exports of silver are at present banned in that area. It is a move which South- Tucked away everywhere. Yet there by the Indian government, but the africa, though fast off the mark with are various factors which can be ex­ need for foreign exchange could well currency decimalisation, has been pected to exert a moderating influence lead to a change in attitude. It is also hesitating about. on future price movements. In the possible that the higher prices will lead first place, the US Treasury stocks will to the reappearance of Chinese silver METALS remain a major source of silver for on Western markets. The lining brightens up some time to come. In addition, US Not so bad. In the long run, there­ coinage contains about 2,000m fine fore, silver prices will most probably Silver became just another commodity ounces of silver, most of which is reflect a combination of rising mine last week when the US Treasury sus­ worth melting down when the price production, increased offerings of pended its sales of the metal at 86c exceeds 95c an ounce. On what scale hoarded silver, recovery of the metal an ounce and announced that in future this vast supply can be tapped depends from coinage, and possibly the effects it would sell at "going market prices". on the extent to which holders of high- of substitution. These factors may all The abandonment of fixed-price sales silver coins are prepared to turn them help the supply position, even if con­ marks the final stage in the liberation in for refining. From Southafrica's sumption goes on increasing as it has. of silver from the control exercised for so long by the US Treasury. For years that body has been acting as supplier to world markets, making good a sub­ stantial annual deficit between world production and consumption in indus­ try and coinage. This situation ended in May this year, when US Treasury sales for export were banned. Only Ameri­ can industrial users were allowed to buy Treasury silver — and at the fixed price. Thus silver received the same kind of protective stabilisation that gold now has with its fixed price. Last week's decision to free the silver price has removed this protection and the price will soon find its own level. London's Mining Journal points out that now that silver is free there is all the more reason to believe that gold cannot stay much longer at its unrealis­ tic level. Although this parallel cannot be extended very far, it is significant that Washington was able to drop what was in effect the silver standard. Does it pay to stay? The crucial question for silver consumers now is what price the metal will rise to be­ The West German makers of this ground through the White Jura fore it levels off. It is a question which "steel mole" claim that it can break mountains. Up to 50% reductions in touches Southafrica as well — last through 100 tons of stone with its construction time have been year the Republic exported over R4m rotating bore-head. At present, the measured on tunnels and sub-level worth of silver, the bulk of it a by­ tunnel propulsion machine, as it is roads. Though it has a "driver", its product from gold refining. When the known in more technical terms, is course when boring is controlled US Treasury abandoned its fixed price, being used to bore a drinking water automatically, and a coloured laser silver was soon being quoted at R 1.18c main which runs fifty yards under­ beam indicates the tunnel's axis. an ounce and brokers predicted that

NEWS/CHECK 2« JULY, 1967 2* EXECUTIVES into Holland, Belgium and other export A swop at the top markets that sometimes involved com­ When British tobacco manufacturers petitive clashes with Rembrandt asso­ READER... met the UK's Health Minister. Kenneth ciates. But Rupert's main task will be Robinson, to discuss the curbing of at Carreras. The company's failure to cigarette advertising and promotions record the usual profit growth rates this last week, a notable absentee was year is sufficient indication that a new NEWS/CHECK Ronald Plumley, 57, chairman of the sales strategy in the UK is now badly R130m Carreras group which holds needed. This is a situation that the about 10% of the British cigarette rival Gallaher group, which holds INTERPRETS THE market. At the same time Carreras around 24% of UK sales, has already IMPORTANT NEWS ... announced that Plumley has resigned had to meet. Gallaher has had a shake- from the board of directors. The reason up in top management and now dis­ BRINGS YOU ALL THE was that though the two other big plays a willingness to take risks in MEANINGFUL NEWS cigarette groups. Imperial Tobacco and trying to break the grip of Imperial Gallaher, were improving their sales Tobacco — which holds 64% of Brit­ ain's cigarette sales. AND IT IS As far as cigarette promotions go, NOW WEEKLY Rupert is certainly the man for the job at Carreras. Besides rationalising Car­ reras' overseas operations with those Become a Subscriber: of Rembrandt, Rupert will most likely take a far less rigid line on advertising operations in the UK itself, and that in­ See the card in this issue — cludes going in for coupons. After all, subscribe by filling it in and Rupert is the man who hit dead-centre make sure your copies of with the building up of Peter Stuyve- NEWS/CHECK reach you re­ sant and the "international image". gularly, straight through the CONTRACTS mail. A fresh start A computer contract worth R76m. awarded by the US Air Force to IBM, has been cancelled by order of the American Comptroller-General. Elmer Bask in the benevolence of •Staats. In a stiff letter to the Air Force .Secretary, Staats says that another NEW CARRERAS' MAN RUPERT An Imperial venture maker, Honeywell, should have been considered "to have been within com­ with gift coupons, Plumley adopted an petitive range" for the contract. Staats' -^ unyielding stand in favour of the ban­ order followed a month-long probe of ning of coupons, calling them the the contract award after Honeywell, "merry-go-round to hell". Plumley RCA and Burroughs had all com­ OLD BONDED LIQUEUR took the helm at Carreras in 1958 and plained that they could have done the since then improved the company's same work for less money. profits five-fold, from R2.4m to R12m Now further oral and written dis­ BRANDY last year. Under him too, the dividend cussion with the four manufacturers was increased from 6% to a robust who submitted bids will be resumed. 18%. But this year profits have begun And this time the settling price for the to turn downwards and it has become contract — for 135 computers to be clear that Carreras has lost its com­ used by the US Air Force around the petitive adge against the relentless com­ world — will be nearer the R46m petition of Imperial with its coupons which Honeywell claims it will accept. and of Gallaher, which has now One puzzling aspect of the affair is the doubled its coupon values. sudden turn-around of the Air Force. The man from the south. Plumley's When it was first called upon to justify place will be taken by Southafrica's its award to the General Accounting Dr Anton Rupert, boss of the world­ Office, the Air Force issued a strongly- wide Rembrandt Tobacco Corporation, worded defence in which it claimed which owns a 20% stake in Carreras. that the choice had been based on a Dr Rupert's entry points to a wide­ series of independent field and statisti­ spread reorganisation of Rembrandt, cal tests and that taking into account whose activities in many markets have the overall cost over the equipment's been conditioned by complicated full life cycle, "the IBM bid was fully arrangements with the previously all- competitive". Now USAF has given up British management of Carreras. These without a sound. Perhaps Honeywell arrangements allowed Carreras to move could have done the job for less.

NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 iiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMifflimiiiiifflmiimiwiiiiiiM^ WHOLESALE PRICE INDEX SA BUSINESS sort of inquiry from the Department of November 1960 —100 THE ECONOMV Commerce and Industries. The Pushme-pullyu of prices TRADE 1966 1967 With inflation a continuing thing, Jan 148.6 155.1 prices are still the subject of close A new beat / Feb 143.7 150.7 Mar 146.7 152.8 concern. One thing is apparent: that In its full-time search for new export April 160.3 166.1 markets for Southafrican industry, the May 154.3 in the current situation of Southafrica's June 155.1 Southafrican Foreign Trade Organisa­ :; . July 150.3 domestic trade there are some curious Aug 149.5 divergencies in prices and turnover tion (Safto) is reaching the most way- Sept 150.9 Oct 162.4 between the wholesale and retail sec­ out places. The latest such is Thailand, 6 2 S ) 6 t 6 5 6 6 Nov 171.8 from where Safto's general manager, Dec 257.4 tors. Wholesale sales have been moving ahead strongly with more or less Joe Brady, has just returned. Brady source: SA Bureau of S atrstlcil constant prices. In this field the total points out that Thailand is one of the value of sales during the first five stablest and richest countries in Asia, WHOLES ALE SALES months of this year is calculated by the and a "ripe" market for Southafrican Bureau of Statistics at R 1,180.5m. exporters. Although operating from a Millions This is an increase of 9% over the relatively small economic base (the same figure for last year. And while GNP is around R2.8 billion). Thai- turnover is up, the wholesale price lands economy is expanding rapidly. 1966 1967 The GNP rose by 10% in real terms Jan 188.8 212.9 index has fluctuated around an almost Feb 217.6 232.2 last year, and in previous years by Mar 231.4 238.5 horizontal level. April 216.7 246.1 7/8%. Moreover, GNP growth is well May 228.8 250.8 The gap between. But in the retail ahead of the country's population June 245.9 sector it has not gone as well. The July 224.7 growth rate. New government pro­ Aug 251.7 contrast, in fact, is striking. The value Sept 239.1 grammes, rising farm incomes and Oct 253,6 of retail turnover in the country's six Nov 275.0 wages from construction projects are 62 6 3 6 t E 5 6 5 main urban areas (the only regions to Dec 230.5 generating a large direct and indirect which this index applies) during the source: SA Bureau of S olisficsl first four months of this year was 4.3% higher than in the period January/ CONSUMERS PRICE INDEX April 1966. And during the first half of this year the consumer price index October 1 958 -100 (mainly concerned with items handled by retailers of various classes) con­ tinued its strong upward swing, rising i 1966 1967 by 1.34%. Thus the retail and whole­ m Jan IIS.2 119.8 Feb 115.5 119.9 sale sectors would seem to be moving m Mar 115.7 120.2 April 116.3 120.7 in almost opposite directions. Condens­ Moy 116.0 120.8 June 116.6 121,2 ing the figures, the situation is that July 117.1 while total wholesale sales have been 1 ' Aug 117.5 i Sept 118.9 running about 9% higher than last Oct 119.3 year's trend, retail sales in the six main i 62 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 5 Nov 119.6 Dec 119.6 urban areas have been moving only about li/2% higher than in 1966. Source: SA Bureau of S tatisllcs) This difference between the growth rate of wholesale and retail turnover is RETAI L SALES not easily explainable. It could be due Valu e Index to a general accumulation of stocks in THAI CAPITAL BANGKOK shops, but this would seem unlikely on Colour conscious 1952 -100 a scale large enough to account for import demand spanning the widest more than a small portion of the differ­ range of products. H ence. More likely, it could be that most Still some room. Though American M 1966 1967 of the increased wholesale turnover is i1 Jan 109.8 114.3 activity is intense, and competition Feb 111.0 114.2 going to retailers outside the six main thus fierce, Brady makes it clear that • Mar 110.2 114.2 April 111.2 114.9 urban areas who may be experiencing there is room for Southafricans to sell 1 May 111.2 114.6 June 112.0 bouyant business conditions. Also, it agricultural equipment (75% of the July 112.6 is possible that the Bureau of Statistics' Thai population still lives in rural Aug 113.1 Sept 114.2 index of retail sales, base year 1952, areas), building materials, mining ma­ Oct 115.2 may need some revision. As for the chinery, car parts, and chemicals. In 1 52 <> 3 )4 E5 E 6 Nov 114.9 • Dec 114.7 price divergence between retail and fact Johannesburg's Sangus Engineer­ wholesale, this is not necessarily some­ ing has already clinched an order for Source: SA Bureau of 5 tatislicsl thing that can be prevented in the short 52 deepwell turbine pumps, worth run. But if this divergence persists too R22,000. Before this SA/Thai trade INDIC ATORS long it would probably provoke some was limited to only a few hundred rand

NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1947 31 buying had kept gold share prices firming upwards. But it would not be fair to place all the blame for the reduction in interest on Callaghan's balance sheet. Equally significant is the difficulty overseas investors are now encountering in raising funds to finance this business. In the past this was done by selling shares in Johan­ nesburg and then rebuying them in London. With prices in London gene­ rally lower than in Johannesburg, this arbitrage operation "created" further funds — "blocked rand" which con­ sisted of the difference in the two prices retained in Johannesburg. And these funds were used to buy addition­ al Southafrican shares, usually golds. Not wanted enough. But the whole procedure depended on the price dif­ ferential. When the gap stood at 15%, it was easy to create huge sums of blocked rand in this way. In the last few weeks, however, the gap has nar­ rowed, and at the end of last week it NATAL SUGAR STORED AT DURBAN DOCKS disappeared altogether. Indeed South­ A lump in the throat african mining shares now stand at marginally higher prices in London worth of silks, imported into the Re­ with 293,000 tons in the same period than locally — evidence of the growing public. While there, Brady contacted last year. But bumper crops were not worldwide preference for any kind of two of the biggest import agencies, the only reason for the improvement hedge against devaluation or inflation. Italthai and Vernat, which gave a few — the recent increase in the retail Although this respect for Southafrican tips to prospective salesmen. Among price and a R6m loan to the industry shares must be gratifying to the Johan­ these were credit — the Thais want from the state have both helped. nesburg market, it makes the creation up to six months — and colour — the Not good enough. Ultimately, how­ of blocked rand by arbitrage unprofit­ Thais are very fussy. Southafrican ever, that kind of help can only be able. The only remaining way of packers should note, for instance, that marginal. The sugar industry's prob­ financing purchases of Southatrican Thais regard black and dark blues as lems run very deep and are compound­ shares for foreign investors is thus by unlucky, though black is acceptable for ed of chronic overproduction, increas­ committing unblocked rand — totally straight printing. White, red and gold ing substitution and, in most cases, fresh money — to the Republic. This are fine. So is a bargain. absolute dependence on the weather. Over-production is the most immediate calls for greater determination to seek a gold hedge than exists at present. SUGAR threat and a major cause of the de­ pressed world sugar prices. Out of adversity . . . But the pound Change of tune is coming up for its seasonal late sum­ "The season was an unhappy one for Qearly, there must come a time for mer crisis, and the price of gold on the sugar and the results for the year have the more rigid control of sugar produc­ London bullion market this week been uniformly poor on every side", tion quotas in all producer countries. touched a six-year high in expectation the Hulett's sugar group told its share­ In the Republic, the successful develop­ ment of the new Malelane project in of an attack on the pound. If this con­ holders last year, when profits dived dition continues, overseas investors from R6m in 1965 to R 188,000 in the the Eastern Transvaal, coupled with a series of good Natal crops, could lead may soon overcome their reluctance season ending March 1966. It is typical to commit fresh funds to the Republic. of the sugar industry that this year the to a vast surplus. Ironically for domes­ tic consumers, that situation usually In the meantime, other sections of the position is reversed, on almost as erand Johannesburg Stock Exchange lists do a scale. From R 188,000, Hulett's profit leads to more expensive sugar as the government steps in to help the indus­ not even have the sterling crisis to pro­ has now zoomed back up to R5.2m. vide any hope of fireworks. Industrials Tongaat, which dipped from R2m to try and then passes on part or all of the cost to the consumer. continue on their dull way with only R479,000 during the bad period, has occasional shocks like the Everite bounced back to a profit of R1.9m. profit (down 45%) to point up the The spectacular comeback emphasises THE MARKET fact that the effects of the credit the importance to sugar companies of A system runs out squeeze have not worked themselves large volume production, which was British Chancellor of the Exchequer out yet. made possible in the past year by the James Callaghan's statement in the Even platinums, the market leader bumper cane crop following favourable House of Commons that devaluation of the past few months, have failed to weather conditions. The weather was of the pound is "unthinkable" has hold their levels. With yields down to so good, in fact, that the industry pro- dampened London buying of gold 3% and 3|% — laughably low by the dijced 313.000 tons of sugar in the shares on the Southafrican market. first six months of this year, compared accepted standard for commodity Until the middle of this week, this shares — this is not surprising. Yet

32 NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 strong demand for the metal and op­ ordination between the various govern­ timistic predictions of earnings once ment departments, and the removal of the current expansion programmes are Africans is regarded as a separate completed are likely to prevent any item." He continued that as the major backslide. use of large numbers of Africans in the fruit season was not contrary to government policy, the flow of AGRICULTURE seasonal workers should not be "some­ Too many eggs in a basket thing do neat will," but should be deter­ Agriculture Economics and Marketing mined by demand. And while no more Minister Dirkie Uys has warned egg Coloured labour was available in the producers of the Western Cape that Boland, it was an "undeniable fact that unless they curb their output, "indis­ the Coloured people living in the towns caiit criminate expansion of production and cities are not suitable for agricul­ could lead to a state of emergency". ture". Already the Egg Control Board had The humane touch. But if Coloured noted a net loss of R1.6m in 1966 labour is drifting off the farms and due to the "alarming surplus" — and into the cities, it has good reasons for last the bulk of this came from the Western doing so. Higher wages, education The SQUEEZE is on. Cape. Instead of egg-producing, sug­ facilities, eligibility for a subsidised gested Uys, farmers of the area should housing scheme and more varied social Deposit rates are high concentrate on production of wheat, life figure strongest among them. Yet ^^ now but restrictions on some farmers are aware of these of which there is still a scarcity in ^™ lending are bound to Southafrica. And the Western Cape is reasons and several speakers at the climatically suited for wheat. congress implored their fellow farmers result in a fall in interest rates. Uys was speaking at the annual con­ to improve conditions for their farm­ The wise investor is placing hands. Said Cape Province Agricultural gress of the Boland Agricultural Union money with UDC BANK at Hermanns last week. The congress Union President J. de V. Loubser: is a homely affair of felt-hatted farmers "I have a responsibility, you have a now, while the opportunity in their Sunday best and is as much a responsibility", and so asserting that for present rates lasts.

For instance: 6-r/o P.O. on Deposits ot 6 montlis notice (and other similarly attractive rates)

BOLAND FARMERS' CONGRESS Kind hearts and felt hals social get-together as a yearly airing- apart from higher wages, the cultural platform for farming theories and life of farmworkers is of the greatest grievances. importance. Where have all the workers gone? This somewhat belated realisation UDC BANK LIMITED Most discussed point on the agenda among farmers that "it is essential Registered Hire Purchase Bank was the shortage of farm labour and to feed the workers well and to edu­ Union president Fanie van der Merwe cate them" has been greatly praised appealed to the government to appoint by Dirkie Uys. He in turn promised Telephone 836-2424, P.O. Box 1115, Jhb. "a strong commission to investigate at the Boland Congress that the gov­ Telephone 3-2681, P.O. Box 200, Pretoria. all aspects of labour in the Western ernment's help with housing schemes Telephone 54-7312, P.O. Box 37, Benoni. Cape". The Union, emphasised van for farm-labourers similar to those in Telephone 68950, P.O. Box 997, Durban. der Merwe, supported the government's urban areas is forthcoming. Once loans Telephone 2-8934, P.O. Box 679, P.E. are made available for this purpose, policy of removing Africans from the Telephone 45-2111, P.O. Box 733. C.T Western Cape — so long as it did not no farmer may be allowed to contract disrupt farming: "At times it appears labour unless he is able to provide a Telephone 98-7222, P.O. Box 135, Parow, that there is a lack of necessary co- certain standard of living conditions. UOC156S MEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 33 N FWC p P Q p I P iiimiMiM Biiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiii! MEDICINE A man among women name which Cugat soon changed to It's the money honey Prior to his arrival the tension in the Rita Hayworth. With the Cugats in studio was almost unbearable. Hankies This week's nutritional supplement to Southafrica is Delilah, their much- the Southafrican Medical Journal on were twisted in damp hands, voices travelled chihuahua, a lavishly loved were unnaturally loud, hearts beat the relationship between nutrition and pet which wears sunglasses in the infection is a detailed work. It consists visibly under minr cocktail-robes and wintry Southafrican glare. nervous fingers kept re-adjusting al­ of a field survey conducted by a ready perfect coiffures. But then the In the wake of others CSIR Research Unit at Capetown big break every young model dreams University and is backed by an Ameri­ The Southafrican brain drain con­ can grant and the World Health Or­ of was at stake — a paid three-months' tinues. Due to quit the country at the grooming-to-perfection in Paris follow- ganisation. In a scholarly survey the end of the year is Prof Godfrey stark conclusion arrived at is that the key to child health and nutrition lies in social circumstances. Tracing the problem. The study was conducted on Coloured children below the age of three at the Cape Bonte- heuwel housing estate, which is de­ signed for low or moderate income Coloureds. By extrapolation from a sample of the 4,000-odd children liv­ ing there, more than a third of the children were found to be living below the poverty level and these were the ones with the high morbidity rate. The survey drew its conclusions after analysing socio-economic data such as house-crowding, earning capa­ city of parents and the size of the families. The researchers concluded that good budgeting was made difficult especially with rising costs. Money was at times spent on hire-purchase TALENT SEEKER FORD Sigurd Olivier schemes with no understanding of oper­ Model man ating costs. As it was the cultural ed by a trip to glossy New York and a ("Copper") Le May, a noted author­ custom to buy new clothes at Christ­ possible yearly income of anything ity on Southafrican political history mas the Coloureds would be paying from R28,000 to R60,000 a year. But, and a prominent member of the Pro­ for them well into the next year. Money after intently scanning the assembled gressive Party. Le May, a distinguished lending is accepted at the exorbitant girls in Capetown this week, Jerry academician, last year won the R 1,000 rate of 25% — for example: "If four Ford, described as a "magnificent hunk CNA literary award for his study of rand is borrowed to pay for a taxi to of American manhood" and boss of British Supremacy in Southafrica, hospital at night, five rand will be the world's largest and most famous 1899-1907. Unlike many of his pre­ repaid without argument". model agency, was not committing decessors, Le May claims that his Consistently the survey noted that himself to any choice as yet. Ford sees reasons for leaving are "economic, no; adverse health factors were concen­ nothing odd in coming to Southafrica political". trated in the households of lowest on a talent-shopping spree, "We've al­ incomes and that these factors de­ ways been told that Southafrica's the King and country creased proportionally with increasing place where the beautiful girls are." The week's most likely divorcee-to-be income. is to the English girl who six years The means. Taking into account Swinging through ago married Jordan's King Hussein. that the survey was conducted from a Newly arrived in Southafrica for a Jordanians have long memorie.s, and housing scheme and not from pondoks, musical tour, Xavier ("Cugi") Cugat, it seems they will never forgive the among Coloureds and not Africans, 67, world leader of Latin American king for taking Muna as a bride. Did and in Southafrica, not in the rest of bandsters, and his 19-year-old wife England not help Israel in the war? Africa, where incomes are estimated Charo will celebrate their first wed­ Was England not also the country of to be much lower, then dismal con­ ding anniversary this month. Charo is Hussein's wife? Hussein has lived clusions can be hinted at with respect one of Cugat's notable "discoveries"; through this sort of crisis before. His to the nutritional and health states of he met her while talent-scouting in fir.st wife, Dina, failed to provide an children in worse straits than Coloured Spain, playing the part of a nymphet heir. In the ensuing intrigue the king children. in a Tennessee Williams play. Most had to choose between love of his wife renowned of Cugat's past discoveries and the crown. The crown won. ap­ Cases at congress was a then-unknown but talented parently on the basis that wives are While students were in vacation last actress called Margarita Cansino — a replaceable, crowns unique. week. Natal University in Durban be-

34 r^' NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 rame the venue for the annual South- r^ I «|IW«lflUHMWU.'Hll»" ^yT^^^!^^r'r!r^1^i^^1!^!>!»!!!> afrlcan Medical Congress. Delegates ::::ame from all over the Republic and numbered more than 1,000 of the ::ountry's estimated 9.000 practising doctors. These were crowded into a lecture hall at the beginning of the congress to listen in to a telephone link-up between the Southafrican panel at the congress and a British team at Middlesex Hospital. The radio-tele­ mm»m0mm< phone discussion centred mainly on *'arious aspects of medical training. On that topic, the British team's Dr Pat Byrne estimated that 20% of UK doc­ tors attended courses in continued medical education. Distributing cancer facts. Yet medi- :;al education does not stop at the medical profession. It can be valuable *vhen extended to the public — espe­ cially in the field of cancer. The con­ gress dealt at length with cancer: Dr lewis Robertson, president of the National Cancer Association, noted at Ihe congress that "people in this coun­ try suffering from cancer, particularly of the skin and uterus, are seeking help earlier than in the past". This, he claimed, was largely due to the Asso­ ciation's widespread educational meas- mres. "Southafrica must be one of the few countries where women are edu­ cated without restraint in regard to uterine cancer." Government control for cancer was wrged at the congress by Dr A. G. Oettle of the National Cancer Associa- ition's cancer research unit: "Cancer will become the rightful province and duty of all bodies concerned with preventive medicine, like the State Health Department in this country. These bodies have too long been lim­ ited to infections". ka^y In camera. While more publicity was called for in cancer control, doctors next time you fly "were nevertheless keen to keep their imedical negligence cases private. Back- TAKE A SHIP "ing them up was Capetown's Justice TDiemont. Cases, he argued, should be Sound crazy? It's roti This is a brilliant bit of business which Unlon-Castl»/Saf- "heard in secret as doctors are seldom Tiarine calls Sea-Air Interchange and it works wonders for tired executives and fun-seekers alike. Sea-Air Interchange is the perfect business-cum-holiday com­ prepared to fight a negligence case in bination and costs you nothing but pleasure. You can sail away and jet back-or jet court. "They pay damages even when away and sail back-or you can make a round trip, by sea and air, anywhere in there is often a chance of winning the Ihe world and in conjunction with almost any International Airline. You get the usual return fare discount, plus interesting luggage concessions for the sea voyage. •case." Before you make your next trip overseas talk to CASTLEMARINE or your Travel This suggestion has the support of Agent about Sea-Air Interchange. Take a ship - one way. See you at sea. the Federal Council of the Medical Association, but Wits' Professor of Law, Prof Paul Boberg, feels that it would be going to unnecessary ex­ tremes to do this. "If a doctor has been GENERAL PASSENGER AGENTS FOR negligent, the public is entitled to UNION-CASTLE J SJKFMJKRINE know — even if occasionally innocent members of the profession suffer bad publicity." PNBIOlSr NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 35 UNION CORPORATION LIMITED (locorpotated in the Republic of South Africa)

LT^IION CORPORATION is, perhaps, best known for its gold mining interests which, at the end of 1966 constituted more than 50 per cent, of the Group's investments by value and during that year contributed just over 60 per cent, of total dividend income. But aU mines are gradually wasting assets and the Corporation has constantly sought to widen its interests through investments in new mining and industrial ventures until today the Group's activities range from paper to property and from coasters to cement. The principal operating companies in the UNION CORPORATION Group are:

GOLD East Geduld Mines, The Grootvlei Proprietary Mines, Marievale Consolidated Mines, Van Dyk ConsoHdated Mines, St. Helena Gold Mines, Bracken Mines, Kinross Mines, Leslie Gold Mines,Winkelhaak Mines.

BASE METALS Chrome Mines of South Africa, San Francisco Mines of Mexico.

INVESTMENT & FINANCE Geduld Proprietary Mines, U.C. Investments, Bay Hall Trust.

INDUSTRIAL South African Pulp and Paper Industries, Kohler Brothers, Darling & Hodgson Holdings, Unidrilling, Unicom Shipping Lines, Unicorpora Industries, Union Corporation Public Works, Union Packaging.

PROPERTY Greenhaven Securities.

T. P. Stratten: Chairman and Managing Director C. B. Anderson: Deputy Managing Director

HEAD OFHCE LONDON OFFICE Union Corporation Building, Princes House, 74-78, Marshall Street, ' 95, Gresham Street, Johannesburg. London, E.C.2.

36 NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 196* Advertisement FIGHT ULCERS WITHOUT DIETING New therapy that completely relieves gastric, duodenal ulcers fast. If a boiled fish and milk diet could cure a stomach ulcer, there would now be no ulcers... yet on such a diet many sufferers find little or no im­ provement. The relief of stomach ulcers must be sought in other direc­ tions. Pioneering a new school of thought is a South African pharma­ ceutical laboratory which has de­ veloped a treatment for the relief of stomach ulcers which involves no dieting whatever. Contrary to the generally accepted theory that a stomach ulcer is caused by an excess of hydrochloric acid, these research­ ers believe ulcers are caused by a bodily deficiency. A few years ago people believed diabetes was due to the body manufacturing too much sugar. Now we know it is the result of a lack of insulin. There are many other analogies. The answer to an ulcer, they believe, is to be found in plenty of good food. Their patients, all sufferers from chronic ulcers, are recommended red, juicy steaks, fresh, wholesome food - a rich protein-full diet - in fact, the exact opposite to the familiar restric­ ted diet of the past. Obviously the De-Nol treatment for stomach ulcers - for that is what it is called - involves more than good food. De-Nol itself is a medicine which forms a tenacious and impenetrable coagulum over the ulcer surface by means of a chemical reaction which occurs immediately the medicine reaches the ulcer site. lOOX SCOTCH WHISKIES ^:f:fy^ i Listen DISTILLED BLENDED AND :>;>g:^ t The coagulum protects the ulcer BOTTLED IN SCOTLAND W:^'^^ from the irritating action of the gas­ tric juices and other aggravating to the factors, and thus protection is pro­ a "'^ULLERS PEHTH SCOTtM gressively maintained during treat­ ESTABLISHED 1825 ment. Within a few days, as a rule, welcoming the condition is completely relieved. What results has De-Nol achieved? Clinical records reveal that the sound of majority of cases treated during recent years have experienced per­ manent relief. Letters from medical men, nurses and thankful laymen, BELUS expressed their gratitude and testified to the success of De-Nol. Successful clinical tests have been carried out with De-Nol by many world-famous hospitals and infirmaries. You can get the De-Nol treatment from your chemist at R7.00. For m4S^ m^f^aeSi' iewtf^ t/c^ic^ in/ t/c&mcne^ informative literature, write to De-Nol Laboratories, Evelte House, 238 Jeppe Street (Cor. Mooi Street), Johannesburg, P.O. Box 4857, Tel.: 22-1171/2. Free consultation by appointment.

NEWS/CHECK ' yd backstroke title at an international emerged — that the Springboks were Threep, the sports writer, to the mayon swimming gala in Coventry, setting a doing most of the hitting. of Naboomspruit giving him a flexible world record with a time of 67.5 sec. Power to stop it. Most Southafricans, and continuing theme for humour. The Regaining the title from Southafrica's including members of the all-powerful Rand Daily Maifa A. B. Hughes has Ann Fairlie, to whom she had lost it Southafrican Rugby Board, do not retired from full-time writing thougfe in Vancouver last August, Karen also accept that punching is part of the still contributing pieces (lately on his knocked four-tenths of a second off game. J. J. de Kock, secretary of the overseas travels) to the paper. In the last year's record. She had previously Board, told a Western Province re­ Vaderland A. M. van Schoor has takem set a world figure for this even in 1965 ferees' meeting this week: "There is to writing his Japie Jaapman column,, when she first splashed her way into no room on the field for a player who a fairly successful attempt at makina the news at the age of 12. intentionally hits an opponent. If you fun of politics. Possibly the most con­ A dash for it. This time she was don't enforce the rules then you have sistently funny of the regular writers, given a run for her record by Britain's no right to be a referee". And de Kock however, is the anonymous Man on the: champion swimmer, Linda Ludgrove, had to acknowledge that the punchers Reef which appears most days in the: who had held the title for three weeks in rugby are legion "because you (the Johannesburg Star. in 1965, before losing it to Karen. With referees) allow them to be there". Tlie light side. The Man on the Reel the battle on from the beginning in the Looking at the records, his strong is Ken Smith, who has now completeJ all-star line-up, Linda gained at the words are no understatement — only two years on the column. The beardeJ start, but was immediately pegged by one referee has ever ordered off an in­ Smith is the Star's, motor editor in addi­ Karen who edged into a slender lead ternational player. It happened at tion, but it is his regular Man on the at the first length. With a perfect turn, Twickenham, in the UK, in 1928, Reef pieces that he is most involvedl both girls fought it out at the last when the offender was the All Black with. Smith has been twelve years length. Then, despite Linda's strong captain, Maurice Brownlee. with the Argus Group, and two years last effort, Karen raced ahead to win Southafrica's rugby chief, Dr Danie ago the previous writer of the Man om by a five-foot margin. Craven, agrees that "dirty players" the Reef, aviation editor Frank Col­ should be sent off the field, but he lins, was too busy to do his column for RUGBY is not convinced that punching is al­ the day. Smith was asked to step in_ In the ring ways dirty. Commenting on the brawl­ He did so, and proved himself so adept Either it is the done thing in France ing second test at Bloemfoniein, which that he stayed on, making it into ai or the French rugby players don't real­ the Springboks won 16-3, Craven humorous column, writing about prac­ ly mind. It has to be something like stressed "only the beautiful things. The tically anything except politics ("1 that to explain why the French tour­ incidents were over-emphasised and don't really know much about that"). ing team and in particular the French exaggerated beyond what they de­ Simple things. Writing in what he: newspapermen touring with them have served". Craven elaborates by ex­ describes a "light and frothy" style„ made so little public complaint at being plaining that if it is ever necessary Smith says that he sets out to write: felled by Springbok fists in the two te.st to send off players, both striker and "the sort of thing the ordinary person matches so far. For instance, the only victim should go because the "seen" would say, but has never said it"_ comment from Walter Spanghero, the blow is often thrown in retaliation. Smith is able to do this so well that: Tricolours' lumbering forward who Yet at least one fan remembers Craven his stories read like the tales of ani asking the Springboks not to hit back extremely able and funny raconteur.. in New Zealand in 1956, when the And like an experienced raconteur, he: Springbok front-row was being bat­ draws his material from the casual,, tered by the All Blacks' Kevin Skinner, often trivial, incidents of the day. Thus — an ex-heavyweight boxing cham­ his children Peta, Sally, Simon, Susani pion, just to make it tougher. and David, wife Barbara and gardener Ttie limited play. Rough stuff in Ahas ("he seems to have had some rugby is accepted everywhere. Es­ experience of the law courts") figure pecially in the modern game, where from time to time in his stories. Smith huge forward packs apply the "subdue says he is never short of ideas, and and penetrate" formula, it is inevit­ anything from Simon's troubles withi able. There can be no subduing with­ the International Teaching Alphabet to« out some very hard play. But a punch a photographic trade fair will set him between the eyes, delivered from the off. Last week, for instance, there was; shadows of the second row, and which the snow on the Rand: "Shaking his; renders a player unconscious, is some­ deadly isobar threateningly and clash­ ROUGH STUFF (BY SPRINGBOK DIBKSEN ON FRENCHMAN LUX) thing else entirely. It should be stopped ing biis synoptics against his shield. Well, rugby's not for •'ofties. Still. . . at all costs. Jack Ftost. my implacable enemy, hasi

.18 NEWS/CHECK 28 JUIY, 1967' tracked me down, leap-frogged the bat­ New voices tlements of the escarpment and has iiiiiiiiiii taken Johannesburg, which offered only Magazines of high intellectual purpose ENTERTAINMENT feeble resistance ... As a ludicrous are notoriously low on financial return. sign of their complete and utter sur­ But this has never stopped anyone with MUSIC render to the enemy, our citizens wore something to say from trying, and a Running on person Uke Denis Worrall has some­ blue noses and red, red ears as they Soaked, marinaded and steeped in, trod the pavements, and in their eyes thing to say. Accordingly a new monthly magazine has appeared this permeated with the 18 th century, the was the sort of haunted baffled expres- dozen players called I Musici (Johan­ nesburg's Civic Theatre) bring to Southafrica a sense of the elegance of their chosen century that must be re­ freshing after the local performances, which tend all to be tum-ti-tum Bach, fiddledeedee Vivaldi. / Musici produce exactly the conversational note of that chattiest of eras, whether the Vauxhall Gardens gossip of its Allegros or the grave, calf-bound library ponderous- ness of its Largos. They can make their instruments muse, converse, discourse with wit on matters seriously insisted upon by deeper toned cellos, and give the whole the finesse of a man of the world at a time when the world in­ sisted on style as a function of living. Nearly, but not quite. Yet, in their opening concert / Musici could do no more than demonstrate the rococo niceties of the best exemplar of 18th century music. Six concerti by Vivaldi, pleasant as each might be, and dazzling as the diamond facets of their per­ formance here were, are still not sub­ stance for an evening's concentrated SMITH ON MINI-BIKE listening. Neat, tidy, punctilious: One of the few favourite adjectives of the period here condemn the substance of the works. sion you see on the face of an Alsatian week — New Nation. It is run by an editorial board that includes young and The concerto grew from the suite of that has just been kicked in the slats dances and for the most part these six for eating daddy's supper . . ." refreshingly rational thinkers like Simon Brand, Adam Kolzcynski and betray their origin in the sense of being Only once did Smith's humour es­ interchangeable, as who should care cape him, and that was when his dog Worrall himself, and is aimed, as the managing editor Kit Hoffman (for­ whether he dances any particular jig was poisoned. That time he wrote a before or after any special sarabande? searing, bitter piece. But for the rest merly of the defunct Sunday Chronicle) says, at younger, thinking people. The One after another, with little organic Smith finds plenty of absurdities to belonging, these pieces follow each laugh about. He is assured of at least first issue almost paid its way, and one good audience: after writing a Hoffman hopes New Nation will be piece sometimes, "I nearly crease my­ able to maintain itself. self", he says. New Nation is to publish anything from poetry to politics, and made a Verdict on defamation fair start in the first issue. The man "I think the most important factor in who started the verligtejverkrampte the assessment of damages is that such categorising. Prof W. J. de Klerk of a sum should be awarded as will carry Potchefstroom University, writes on with it a complete vindication of each "The English speaker and the Process plaintiff's character . . ." Thus ended of National Unification"; other writers the case which two Rhodesian editors include Rory Donnellan, lecturer in brought against the Rhodesian Minister law at the Durban University College of Information for defamation (PRESS, for Indians, Judge J. F. Marais, and June 30). Both Malcolm Smith, editor Clarence Randall, former president of of the Rhodesian Herald, and Sydney US Inland Steel Corporation. But un­ Swadell, Bulawayo Chronicle, were doubtedly the best piece is by Worrall awarded R600 in damages. Soon after himself, lecturer at UNISA. His attack the verdict last week, Smith announced on the SABC's Current Affairs sets a he is to retire and live in Britain, and stimulating tone that New Nation will Swadell is to take over at the Herald. do well to sustain. I MUSICI Easy on th* ear, hard on the nerve**_^^^h .

NEV/S/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 39 Oilier on a general level of excellence that in the end stretches the nerves. Of the six (all from a collection L'estro Harmonico) only the most popular. No 11 for two violin.s, seems to hint at passion or deep feeling. The rest is tirelessly (and tiringly) melli­ fluous — it is No 11 that reminds the listener that the old over-familied josser up North could inject something rude and inelegant, some guts, into these meandering formulae. CINEMA Rebirth of a notion Way, way back when, before the Fatty Arbuckles, Mary Pickfords and Charlie Chaplins had demonstrated that one face drags 'em in, films got excited about the fact that they could show hundreds where the play could show at most tens. Something of that old excitement lingers in Hill of Death, a Yugoslav war film showing at Johan­ nesburg's Victory Cinema. Another T^'^hot as h II Rum ways to One body. In the casual manner of early flickers, actors slope on set, keep you warm all Winter grimace rather than act, and slope off. Their performances, as unremarkable as their names are unpronounceable, 15 SnifFle-SnufTer. Take to your bed with a Swirl together and serve In punch cups. are of stereotypes: heroic partisan, couple of hot water bottles and a selection self-sacrificing mother, barrack room of good "whodunits". Get your favourite 19 Polar Bear. Next time you feel like the ministering angel to minister a steady relay frozen North all the way down to your lawyer. But that's just it. The film is of these to you. Fifty-fifty Red Heart Rum and southernmost extremities, whip up a couple not about people, it is about the cor­ real hot milk. Keep it up until the cold germs of Polar Bears. Fastest way we know of porate entity which is a village. The give up in despair. Equally therapeutic in changing the climate. Another nice thing other proportions ... say perhaps, one tot of about these picturesque bruins—the ladies village is occupied by Germans Red Heart Rum In one glass of hot milk for a warm to them tool All you need. One half (WWII), makes for the hills, defends mild cold ... one tot of hot milk in one glass jigger of versatile Red Heart Rum, one jigger itself, counter-attacks, is all but wiped of Red Heart for a really heavy bout. of liqueur brandy, one teaspoon of thick cream, half a teaspoon of sugar and half a out, survives. Each actor is hence 16 Just What the Dr. Ordered. Another teaspoon of vanilla essence. Shake with Ice. merely an aspect of the collective tried and trusted anti-cold formula. Quickest Strain and serve in your best cocktail spirit, and the antique thrills of the way to K.O. that cold. Combine one measure glasses. of Red Heart with one teaspoon of sugar in a film are of the village being herded heatproof glass. Fill with steaming hot water. 20 Beelzebub. Undoubtedly the prince of about, of it running spread over hills, Add a few cloves and a knob of butter. Down warmers. Guaranteed to start a little inferno or gulleyed in gorges, of the slow a couple of aspirins and follow up with the blazing under your third weskit button from resolution, out of chaos, of order and 'medicine'. Betyou feel better within seconds. the first si p. Works on a sort of internal central Better and better? Maybe that's why some heating principle. Like the idea? Then let's courage and endurance and purpose. people happily go out of their way to catch go I Dissolve two cubes of sugar in a fire­ Director Veljko Bulajic has a wavering colds—curing them is a positive pleasure! proof glass with a little hot water. Add a touch for all this: there is a careful whopping tot of warming Red Heart Rum parsimoniousness about animals, (hun­ 17 Fire Engine. Here's one to switch on and the juice of half a lemon. Fill to the brim those sirens (you know the kind we have in with steaming hot water, top with a pinch of dreds of humans die in the struggle, mind) and get ye olde firebelles going. Take cinnamon and . . . glow . . . boy, glowl only one horse) and effects (the same two ounces of wonderful Red Heart Rum — three old dive-bombers keep coming for warmth. Two ounces of gin—for friend­ 21 Write In.** If you can't face ship. Two ounces of whisky — for zing. And the thought of another long hard over) and even though Yugoslavia has two ounces of port—for the sheer hell of it. winter, and you can't afford to perhaps not many good actors per Shake with ice and strain into any glass that escape to sunnier climes, don't acre, Bulajic might have done more will hold that much dynamite. despair—we can help you I We won't send you an air-ticket to St. with them. But again and again, just 18 Guest-Warmer. Soon as you've stripped Tropez . . . but we will send you as one is about to dismiss Hill as pure them of their hats and coats, dole out these earlier sets of recipes ;n this series. though earnest amateurism, the camera little ice-breakers. Nothing quite like them Gladly. Just drop us a line at P.O. for making people feel at home. A word of Box 4582, Cape Towr] and they'll be zooms back to a long slope scattered warning. If they're still feeling that way on their way to you before you can with people, takes a close look at a fourty-eight hours later better cease rations say 'Red Heart Rum', well just forest, or is dazzled by a night attack. until they get the message. Take one and a abouti halt jiggers of Red Heart, one jigger of Then a rare quality appears which, for pineapple juice, a third of a jigger of lemon all it smacks of the classic film at a juice and a third of a jigger of grenadine. Red Heart Rum Sunday night Film Soc, is still moving, still remarkable. aUO/ AA^A^a

40 NEWS/CHICK 28 JULY, 1967 Conservative government, everyone EDUCATION iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiieiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiyiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinia^ was apparently agreed on it, and this was one issue which the then Labour the Work. Merely getting' the script opposition did not oppose. But as the AIDS ready took three months, but authen­ scheduled date for implementation — Potted prescribe ticity all the way (even down to the 1971 — approaches, not only is the record's green cover, the same colour Labour government less enthusiastic If thousands of B-stream matriculation as the folder in which Dickens pre­ pupils in the Transvaal are sobbing owing to the costs which the age- over their setwork A Tale of Two sented the first instalment of the book) upping will entail, but educationists Cities, it is not because of its tear- was ensured by leaving Dickens' words are beginning to express doubts, and jerking qualities. The weeping is caused unchanged.. The only embellishment even fears, about it. by the involved and obscure style added to the story was background sound effects. By hookey. Among those who have Dickens chose to use in this work. And raised their voices contra the proposal if English-speakers are floundering, The response to the record can be is C. H. Dobinson, Professor of Educa­ Afrikaans matriculants who write the judged from the fact that although it tion at Reading University. He bases English lower exam and so have also his opposition mainly on reactions in launched into the deep waters of other countries which are' also raising Dickensian prose, are ready to go down their school-leaving ages, notably for the third time. France (where the age will be 16-plus Something to smaak. When the situa­ from next July) and Norway. In Oslo, tion was brought to the notice of Norway, he says, "there is a great deal Johannesburg's Brigadiers Record of apprehension among teachers", be­ Company, it evinced some sympathy cause although the leaving age is not and much commercial canniness. Why 16 as yet, more than half the children not produce a long playing record, the entering school have been made to stay recording men asked, which would on by their parents until they reach neatly can the Tale, and so help the . 16. The result is that "far too many scholars and company at the same children have been tackling academic time? The difficulty, however, was to courses for which neither their intel­ find someone who could condense the lectual endowment nor their interests tome into forty minutes of ' stening fit them". Moreover, the truancy rate time without altogether emasculating in the 15/16 age group runs high. it from 8-15%. Three Johannesburg speech teachers, But this argument is a double-edged Jennifer Shames, Doreen Feitelberg, weapon. For in the UK in 1959, the and Noreen Kruger, provided the solu­ Report of the Central Advisory Coun­ tion to the problem. They had good cil for Education — known as the experience in making unpalatable SUA.IiIES AND FEITELBERG WITH Crowther Report — turned up the fact POTTED MASTERPIECE schoolwork go down with kids like a A success story that in the restless last year at school, spoonful of sugar. Some time ago they truancy is always high. In younger age were approached by the Southafrican was launched on the market at the groups, the problem is less acute. Thus Co' ncil for English Education to do a beginning of the school holidays, an by pushing up the school-leaving age, series of dramatised readings for pri­ unpropitious time, already the first it could be argued that the truancy mary.schools in Johannesburg's south­ pressing is sold out and a re-pressing rate among 15-year-olds, at present the ern suburbs, which as anyone who has has become necessary. "With the worst truants, would be cut. The Crow­ heard Jeremy Taylor's Ag Pleez Deddy schools re-opening this week", says ther Report contained more ammuni­ will know, is not the most promising Mrs Feitelberg, "we're hoping for even tion for the pro-16-year-old faction by of area for this kind of exercise. But bigger sales". Not that the three women expect to grow rich on the profits. showing that half the most intelligent for a year, the three speech experts children in the UK were leaving school travelled from school to school de­ "But with luck, we'll make enough money to reward us for our hard as soon as they could at 15, obviously livering stories, poems, prose and a waste of man- and brainpower. drapia viva voce to hundreds of kids. work," says Mrs Shames. On their The response, they report, was "fan- part, pupils are equally plea,sed. Many The call of cash. One difficulty ta.stic". and as letters they have since report that since listening to the disc, about raising the leaving age in 1971, received show, even teachers were im- they have for the first time realised is that schools, lacking sufficient class­ pres.sed when the children sat in wide- what the Tale is all about. Some even rooms and teachers, would not he eyed silence, possibly appreciating Eng­ admit that they are enjoying it. And ready for it. On the other hand, schools lish for the first time. that, so teachers will tell, makes quite were in the same position in 1946 when a record. the leaving age was upped from 14 to Popped-up. When approached by 15. They coped however, and a telling the Brigadiers company to record the CONTROVERSIES argument on this point is that in 1971 Cities, the three women were doubtful there will be fewer children in the at first. Still, they .set to work, aiming Keeping them in 16-year old age group than there is to create in dramatic form an accurate In Britain they are battling over an ever likely to be again. Thus schools condensation of the novel so that when issue which has long since been settled would be given time to adjust. Whether reading the book for themselves, pupils in Southafrica — whether to raise the teenagers, to whom the affluent society would recognise its various themes and school leaving age from 15 to 16. is beckoning at an ever-younger age, relate them to the overall concept of When the move was mooted under the would adjust as easily, seems doubtful.

NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 41 MATApi M Q iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii electric car for its most advantageous market — the city commuter. Bu; other car firms are putting electrica. Battery buggy breakdown can adapt to both big city crawl and power packs under conventional bon the Main Street Grand Prix spurt from nets. Chevrolet have built an electrica. Back in 1899, the world land speed the robot. But at present, these are the Corvair equalling normal petrol powes record was a paltry 65.79 mph. The options from which development of and acceleration — but still the bat car, however, called "La Jamais Con­ the electric car must proceed: teries peter out after forty miles tent e" (the never satisfied) by its am­ * The conventional lead-acid battery, Renault were more successful with s bitious Belgian owner Camille Jenatzy, reliable and long-lived, but unwieldy. Dauphine which runs 140 miles a was powered by electricity. The only * Silver-zinc, very light, but short 53mph and weighs only 2,0001bs. Bus problem was endurance. The weighty lived and fantastically expensive. the operating costs on these hybrid: 1,7001b batteries were exhausted after •* Zinc-air, still being developed, are prohibitive. The price can b« 33 miles. Modern technology's attempt short-lived though fairly cheap. brought down by using a more effi to rival the doughty 19th century Bel­ * Nickel-halide-lithium, high energy cient battery and smaller car. gian reached its apogee last month density, easily rechargeable, light and Flickering hopes. Yet the running costs of petrol-driven cars can be seen as artificially high, hiked by govern ments aware of the taxability of fuel The UK's exchequer, for example, will hardly forgo its present R1,400m year­ ly revenue from the petrol tax withou. some form of fi.scal retaliation on the l^trol car's successor. Hopes of aa electrically-driven future are furthei dimmed by the cost and competition of research. Scottish Aviation las; month scotched its promising Scamp and Britain's wealthy Electricity Coun cil has dropped out of the running: Even Ford has abandoned plans tc develop a battery car which can be plugged into a mains electrical system CHEV AND FORD ELECTRICARS Detroit and Dagenham agree that the Fuses to mend viable battery car must come, but a: yet the battery driven traffic jam is still a spark on the polluted horizon. when Ford of Britain unveiled its ap­ cheap — but lithium plus water equals propriately named Comuta. But with a high explosive risk. Night and day a mere forty-mile range at 25mph, • Lithium-chlorine, very efficient, Last month the West German news­ (reduced to a twenty-mile range in the but fairly expensive and inflammable paper Siiddeutsche Zeitung reportec stop-go shunting of city traffic) the lithium again. that a team of doctors at Hamburg production line seems distant. * Possibly the most practicable is the University had concluded after length)! Squeezing the juice. The main bug­ sodium-sulphur battery with which experiments that it is safer to drive hy, bear is the poor longevity of the bat­ Ford will fit the Comuta when the night than by day. Now the controvers> teries. Otherwise, the electric car would battery is finally developed. Light, this caused has reached Southafrica. have been here long ago. In London's cheap and powerful, but an element of This week the deputy general managei Oxford St, a carbon monoxide level of danger remains as also sodium ignites of the Road Safety Council, P. J. H. 360 parts in one million of air was in contact with water. Henning, commented in Pretoria thai recorded this year — 3| times greater Tinkering vith the future. All of Southafrican drivers "should stick tc than the norm industry regards as the these batteries have to be charged or the daytime where possible" because highest safe limit. At least 60% of the overhauled regularly, but work is going of the pedestrians, cyclists and animals potential energy available in a gallon ahead on a battery which charges on the roads at night. of petrol is wasted in producing heat, itself through reverse electrolysis. When The Hamburg findings were thai water, exhaust gases and other by­ an electric current is passed through drivers' blood pressures and pulses are products. By contrast, the electrical water, the elements of water, hydrogen considerably lower at night — pulses car is over 80% efficient, and perhaps and oxygen, are produced. The "com­ seldom exceeding 100 whereas they* most important to cities with pollution bustible" battery works by reversing often reached 150 by day when danger mania (and that means most blessed this principle, mingling oxygen and threatened. The drivers tested als« by the automobile), it is clean. hydrogen to produce water — and an mastered difficult traffic situations ai Battery lottery. Until batteries with electric current But since very little night without strong repercussions oni stamina — and power for acceleration electricity results from this delicate heart, circulatory system or nerves.. — are developed, the future for sales and dangerous process, its application But the Hamburg doctors emphasisedl looks dim. At present there are six will probably not come within the ten that the driver had to have had enough major types of battery, none of which years which motoring experts predict sleep beforehand, which doesn't in­ combines the essentials of lightness, will see a mass-produced electric car. clude the Johannesburger's Friday- long hfe and power flexibility which Ford's foresight was in designing an night race to the Coast.

42 NEWS/CHECK SB JUL^ war town, arriving there in 1815 after a HISTORY iiiiiiiiiii four-year, 4,500-mile journey. On his travels, Burchell examined The old time ways literature, and was taken advantage with a microscopic eye a wide range Deep in the Mozambique bush, far off of by pre-1850 writers like Gui of natural phenomena, from clima­ the beaten track, they found the old Tachard, Pieter Kolbe, Francois Le tology to entomology. Altogether, he Voortrekker anvil. And vv'ith its dis­ Vaillant and Heinrich Lichtenstein. In collected over 50.000 specimens (many covery in 1959, Dr Willem Punt, chair­ this t-cdition, none perhaps matched of them are still on display at Kew man of the Historical Monuments Com­ the work of William John Burchell, Gardens and the British Museum). mission, knew that at last he had found whose Travels in the Interior of South­ Each was carefully labelled, numbered, the spot where a party of trekkers ern Africa published between 1822 and and had the date — and sometimes under Langhans van Rensburg had been massacred by an impi in 1836. Dr Punt's expedition had in fact succeeded where many other seekers, starting with Louis Trichardt, who followed not far behind van Rensburg, had failed. Digging a story. This week Dr Punt left on yet another expedition to the spot, which is near the little Portuguese village of Combunume, about 270 miles from Lourenco Marques. To help him he has fifty young people (25 men, 25 women) selected by the Afri­ kaans service of the SABC, which is BURCHELLS VIEW OF 19TH CENTURY OUTBACK OUTSPAN sponsoring the expedition. Camping . . . with a light touch out in the bu.sh, they are to spend 1824, today ranks as a classic early the hour at which it was found — re­ almost a fortnight searching for the travelogue. But Burchell bequeathed corded on it. His drawings of fauna Trekker graves, and also for any other something more than just a good book and flora are noted for both their ar­ relics they can find. If they do turn to Southafrica. tistic merit and accuracy. In the field up anything worthwhile, it should en­ Leaving his girl behind. For Bur­ of zoology, he is especially remembered courage the SABC to go ahead with chell regarded himself as essentially a as the discoverer of the white rhinoce- more planned tours, one of which will scientific investigator. His background rous. trace the route of the Trichardt Trek, fitted him well for the task. His father People pusher. Burchell did not while another will follow in the foot­ had been a nurseryman in England, really shape as an observer of human steps of the Dorsland trekkers to Lake and he himself had served as a botan­ goings-on in early Southafrica. None­ Ngami in Botswana. ist on St Helena for a while before he theless, his drawings of its people and came to the Cape in 1810. Anxious to their artifacts give a good insight in­ Ox-wagon scientist explore "the less frequented or un­ to the way they lived. And being a With its small, isolated population known parts of Africa", he was prob­ musician, he was especially interested early Southafrica hardly provided a ably strengthened in his resolve to in the musical instruments of the in­ literary mileu. Yet the description of its venture out into the wilderness when digenous tribes, which he studied and natural phenomena gave scope for he was jilted. (His fiancee, travelling described in detail. by sea to St Helena to marry him Burchell's stay in Southafrica was a changed her mind on the voyage, and comparatively short one, but its re­ decided instead to wed the captain of sults benefited the country immensely. her ship.) So, having equipped himself For one thing, he was a moving spirit with a wagon and team of oxen plus in 'the establishment of the Kirsten- Hottentot guides and also having bosch Gardens at the Cape. Moreover, learnt Dutch, in order to "understand after his return to Britain, in 1819, he the farmers", he set out northwards in gave evidence before a committee of June 1811. the Hou.se of Commons on the Poor I spy. Burchell travelled in a leisure­ Law, urging that several thousand im­ ly fashion, first going northward into migrants be settled on the Zuurveld the area of Kuruman, making for (the Albany district). He published Litakun, chief kraal of the Bechuanas, a pamphlet in the same year entitled which with its 7,500 inhabitants was Hints on Emif>ration to the Cape of then the largest living centre in South­ Good Hope. Thus he made a signifi­ africa after Capetown. Then he turned cant contribution to the decision to south-east, and was probably the first send out the British settlers of 1820 to white to traverse the dangerous Bush­ the Eastern Cape. Burchell however, man territory between Griquatown and received .scant recognition for his ;i^ Graaff Reinet. After staying some time achievements before he committed in the Albany district, he made his suicide at the age of 82 in 1863. His NATURALIST BURCHELL work has proved his best memorial. Varkes! Africa . . . way back along the coast to Cape-

NEWS/CHPric 28 JULY, 19'-7 i3 Only one thing V|21F N Q p iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiP ruffles the hair of a man TELECOMMUNICATIONS The grid begins who uses Yardley Hair Control Cream. Bandying words across conference tables is one thing, channelling them across the vast African land mass is another. Ever so slowly, though, some African states are beginning to set thein lines of telecommunication in order. Uganda and Tanzania have now an­ nounced that they will set up a two- span radio hnk stretching 500 miles from Kampala in Uganda to Mwanza in Tanzania, and then on to Dodoma, also in Tanzania. Brought nearer. The hook-up will be installed by Britain's Marconi Com­ pany, using R500,000 worth of Dyna­ mics Corporation of America equip­ ment. This will be of the newest! troposcatter type, which, instead oi sending line-of-sight radio waves inta the Ionosphere and then down into the receiver again, spreads the messages: into the lower troposphere in short powerful bursts, much like a shotgun.. From there they scatter down to the: receiver. The big advantage in this system is that not as many booster

And we can't really blame her. Basically, it's because Yardley Hair Control Cream is non-greasy. This adds fuel to an affectionate woman's natural YARDf-EY desire to ruffle the hair of a well-groomed man without having to wipe her hands surreptitiously on his jacket. There are a few other contributory factors, too. For one, the fact that your hair is kept healthily free from UGANDA-TANZANIA COMMUNICATION LINES dandruff. For another, the absence of an overpowering scent. Buckshot marriage And, finally, the fact that here is a man who cares enough about his appearance to pay 55 cents for a hair cream. transmitters are necessary as with the conventional radio systems. To be operated by the East African Posts and Telecommunications Administra­ YARDLEY tion, the link will provide 24 telephone channels between Uganda and Tan­ zania. And this can be expanded to HAIR CONTROL CREAM sixty channels when necessary. Further north, Marconi has also won

44 vFu/t/rHpot ?« unv 10*7 the contract to install a similar, but of bio-chemist Aart Malherbe, the each daily load is put into a cell de­ single-span, troposcatter link between plant, though still not profitable, is signed for just this amount. There is Egypt and the Sudan. breaking even and has overcome its no handling of the garbage prior to teething troubles. During the first year, this, except for the removal of so- PROCESSES farmers complained that the compost caDed "monsters", such as complete Waste not, want not was not good enough and that the doors. Each load remains in a cell All over the world, tipping sites for glass-content was far too high. Two for seven days, during which time the city refuse are becoming scarcer. The glass-pickers (by hand) instead of one air and moisture content are con­ avalanche of rubbish is becoming too solved the problem. "We have already trolled. It then passes a magnetic separ­ much for the available land. And the sold 3,700 tons of compost this year ator and subsequently a metal detector other main method of dealing with and have orders for all we can pro­ for non-magnetic metals such as brass. waste, incineration, is now under fire duce until 1969", says one municipal Dr Solly Morris, Capetown's engineer, because of the air pollution which it official. describes the fermentation of the static- causes. That leaves composting as the In collaboration with the CSIR, batch process as "similar in action to next most practical method of refuse Capetown has finally begun the con­ an accelerating garden compost heap". treatment. It is a system only now struction of a Sofranie (SA) compost- Highest advantage is the fact that the gaining ground in the Republic. Though Johannesburg has a very small composting pilot plant, most of the advances have been made in the Cape. Worcester in the Cape commissioned the first plant in 1964. Now going strong, it is capable of handling thirty tons at a time — Worcester's daily twenty tons of refuse and the rest made up of sludge, street sweepings and water. Worcester's R 104,000 plant was built by John Thompson of Johannesburg, and is of the rotating, drum type. All refuse arrives at the plant over a weigh-bridge which is also being used to weigh the end-product, the compost, before it is sold. A 40-cubic-yard bin takes the refuse to an incline conveyor belt, then past a picking station to a tripper which feeds several 12x20ft hexagonal drums. At this point water and treated effluent are added. After thorough rotation to ensure the absorption of all moisture, the unit is kept station­ ary with alternately open and closed doors to establish aerobic fermentation CSIR'S KKIGE WITH COMPOSTING PLANT during a four-day period. At the end From town filth to farmer's muck of the four days a screen separates the fermented material after it has been ing plant at Athlone. It is due to start Sofranie installation (developed by passed over a magnetic pulley to ex­ operating in 1968. The R395,G00 plant Prof Pratt, city engineer of Toulouse, tract all metallic objects, and the com­ will be capable of handling forty tons France) can be easily converted into a post is stored on a paved yard for of refuse a day, with the addition of much bigger plant, simply by adding six weeks for a final maturing pro­ ten cubic yards of dried sewage sludge more cells. cess. With all composting plants, a and other materials as needed to "pro­ At the beginning of the year Retief non-saleable residue is left which has duce a final product of optimum nu­ Krige of the CSIR and the town en­ to be run to a tipping site. Worcester trient value". gineer of Bellville in the Cape, Hen- ends up with 60/70% of saleable com­ As far as Capetown is concerned, drik Malan, made a study-tour to post at R5.25 a ton, about 16% of this is only a pilot plant, since the Europe to observe composting plants. waste for tipping and the balance is city's daily amount of household refuse As a result, a R350,000 composting glass, sold at R3 a ton, and metal, comes to approximately 1,800 tons. pilot plant of the CSIR is going to be sold at R2.50 a ton. Sofranie's system, although based on constructed at Bellville. It will be the That the small Worcester community the same end-expectations as Worces­ "official research project" for South- can boast the first Southafrican com­ ter's of 60% compost, and 15% waste africa, and as such will point the way posting plant is due to its energetic for tipping, is quite different. to development. Like the others, it too City Engineer, Hermanns Reitz and its Not the same. While the Worcester will be "clean" as far as air pollution enlightened town council. It is wholly and Johannesburg plants are of the goes. As tipping sites become econom­ financed by Worcester itself. "continuous-batch" type in rotating ically unfeasible, mechanical com- Early problems. Now operating in drums, the Capetown plant is of the postings, with its advantage of possible its third year under the supervision "static-batch" type. This means that profit, is sure to come into its own.

NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 llillllt manly way of waging war, ihe su^ marine today, in its role as a mobiL BOOKS nuclear launching pad, is central to the even these days of nuclear war. balance of world power and stratagic The cruel sea — in statistics Letting go. The destructive potential defence. In terms of fire power alone "Pitt is the greatest fool that ever of the submarine was realised early in one modem submarine has more de­ existed to encourage a mode of war WWI, but there was exhibited an al­ structive potential than the combined which those who command the sea do most coy reluctance on the part of battleship fleets of all participants in not want and which if successful will the Great Powers to unleash it. Ships both World Wars. deprive them of it." Thus Earl St Vin­ were required to be warned, neutrals cent, First Lord of the Admirality in could not be sunk. Slowly the inhibi­ 1804, dismissed the idea of Robert tions were lost and Germany, finding Voices from the North Fulton, an American inventor, to sell itself in an economic stranglehold, Literature in Southafrica, both in to Britain's Prime Minister an under­ commenced unrestricted submarine English and Afrikaans, is undergoing sea weapon. St Vincent was exhibiting warfare — at once deadly and mer- a rejuvenation. The much-publicised Sestiger movement, in the few pockets where it has not expended itself, is beginning to assume a greater sophis­ tication. Experimentation has become related to meaningful expression; the controversies over the incorporation of taboo subjects into works of art have come to seem unreal (though the back-biting is still bitter). In short, Southafrican writers have begun to realise that the examples set by Euro­ pean avant-garde writers as far back as the Twenties need not be labor­ iously re-discovered by Southafrican writers in the Sixties. Etienne Leroux (in Die Derde Oog) and Dolf van Niekerk (in Die Moeder) are not fighting old battles; if their books are experimental, they are largely success­ ful experiments which, in that they owe anything to American or Euro­ pean models, have assiuiilated what is there and moved on. Con and pro. Also fighting the rear­ guard action against progress is a group of younger poets and prosemen who have found a congenial atmos­ phere in Pretoria. The movement (known as the Wurm Group after its magazine, and so named by Ernst van Heerden to the disgust of the writers concerned) operates in the dated FKENCH SUB (ABOVE, LEFT) LAUNCHES NUCLEAK MISSILE atmosphere of a watered-down Ameri­ how bombed out can you get? can-style beatnikery, but does have a few reasonably good poets. Chief of ciless. The sinking of the Lusitania these is D. P. M. Botes, recently a terrifying prescience. For though his awarded the Ingrid Jonker prize for shrewd if not far-sighted analysis re­ finally tipped the balance for America mained the verdict of the Admiralty to enter the war. poetry. Botes makes use of a clipped, towards the submarine for nearly a Small beginnings. In WWII there was harsh style of Afrikaans to render century, it was for precisely these no gradualism. One day after the war states of hallucination and violence: reasons that the weapon was develop­ was declared the Atheniu was torpe­ woede en geduld is nodig/blaas dit in ed. Admiral Arthur Hezlet's The Sub­ doed, and the game began again. die longe van die maghebbers/die fyn marine and Sea Power (Peter Davie) Among the grim statistics of tonnage dodelike stof soos die in ons goud- deals with the history of the sub­ sunk and lives lost assembled by Hez- niyne/geinaal deur hulle met genoeg marine and sub warfare in both World let is his interesting, in that it touches kennis/wat vir jou dierhaar en koshaar Wars and after. While presenting no on the perennial A-bomb controversy, is: net vir jou. Other poets in the record of individual feats (modern thesis that contributing to an inevitable circle strike only a corny note: i RE­ warfare has in any case made these economic collapse in Japan in 1945 FUSE TO BE HEMMED IN BY STUPID largely obsolete), it is nonetheless an was the annihilation of its merchant ci^Ts I THINK I'LL RATHER DIE absorbing and comprehensive account fleet — a task accomplished largely SOONER THAN THAT GOODBYE CRUEL of the development of an aspect of by submarine action. WORLD FAREWELL SLEEP TIGHT. (This, warfare lliat is supremely relevant in Regarded initially as an ungentle- by Casper Schmidt, shows the attempt

46 NEWS/CHECK 28 JULY, 1967 to explode cliche ending up by being angel is necessary at times ... the Algerian prelude cliche — a common fault of the artist's value is that he exists .. . . the American beats.) experience is the art; the poem an The name Abdel Krim suggests an Subterraneans up into air. The aesthetic substitute . . . ' " This kind archetypal Arabian stage villian. Yet movement (termed by the present of talk perhaps sums up best the prin­ between 1920/26 he was a terrifying editor of Wurm, Phil du Plessis, a ciples on which the movement operates. reality first to Spain, whom he hum­ "renaissance") started up in 1964. Du Signs of growtii. Such statements, bled, then to France, who considered Plessis records of its origin: "(The however silly, are harmless, except in him dangerous enough to exile for that they are sterile, and Wurin writers twenty-one years. Rupert Furneaux's are better at execution than theory. Abdel Krim (Seeker & Warburg) tells The editors have contact with Ameri­ of the tough independence fighter who ca's Allen Ginsburg and Lawrence sought to free the Rif, in the rocky up­ Ferlinghetti and show some, if mis­ lands of northern Morocco. guided, courage in chiding Ernst van Before the storm. The beginnings of Heerden and N. P. van Wyk Louw the Rif problem lie in the latter 19th (thus, although they do not perhaps century — the age of diplomatic quite realise it, echoing the judgments piracy. The Congress of Berlin had of earlier conservative critics of these divided Africa into "spheres of in­ poets). Being exclusive, the group fluence" and the process of explora­ appears free of self-criticism, although tion, under cover of "Christianising, the best writers will possibly strike civihsing and restoring order", was an independent line. Should their views, under way in full torrent. France had however impossibly, achieve the status earlier conquered Algeria and Tunisia of an orthodoxy, or even of a sub- and dearly wanted Morocco in order orthodoxy, they will have defeated to complete its control of the African their own ends. Only by working littoral of the Mediterranean. Not so against their own aesthetic principles keen was Britain, which realised full WURM EDITOR DU PLESSIS — second-hand and shoddy as these The wurm spurns well the threat this would pose to are — will the new group of poets Gibraltar and to its eastern sea route. discover viable points for growth. But the emergence of Germany as a background was) sporadic and or­ Some of them are already beginning European power forced England and ganised meetings between poets, dis­ to do this. France closer together. One result of cussions, and even surrealist experi­ ments in coffee-bars. Tangibly it started with the publication of a pole­ mical magazine {Wunn) . . . Most of the considerable avant-garde popu­ lation of Pretoria contributed. The col­ laboration between Belgium's Julian Weverbergh and Dadaist Paul de Vree led to the first publication of con­ crete poetry in this country, written by de Vree." Then the magazine ran into difficulties and finally col­ lapsed. The first editor, says du Plessis, "joined the SABC — possibly to make his voice heard further. This happened to sneers from opposing forces." Green carnations. "Wurm," says du Plessis, "has now been resurrected . . . (The fifth issue) coincides with the first issue of another similar maga­ zine. Orhir, under the editorship of Walter Saunders and Peter Horn ..." There is, therefore, no lack of space for poems, nor is the movement with­ out the backing of established artists: "Walter Battiss ... is extremely en­ thusiastic about the resurrection, see­ ing great possibilities. Contained in the present issue is a recorded con­ versation between him and myself (du Plessis) about the various movements in the creative arts today and their ...the great brandy from the Rhine I various consequences. Some statements among others: 'Dada as the destroying Tnde Eaquiriec: Metter tc Co. (PtyO Ltd, P.O.Box 2262| Cape Town"

NiTV/'i/CHECK 28 JULY, 19«7 47 the entente was that Britain got a free hand in Egypt while France, in return, LETTERS got Morocco, but not the coast op­ posite Gibraltar. So the French did a Happy birthday section on MOTORING. I know nothing side deal with the Spanish, a conse­ Sir, — Congratulations on five success­ about cars but like to drive them, and quence of which was that to Spain's ful years of NEWS/CHECK. Your edito­ moreover want to be told how cars denuded imperial crown the Riffian rial (June 30), summing up your atti­ compare to each other, and so on. No- ruby was added. tude to the Southafrica of the last five one seems to do so well. You can do Another country. It was Spain's mis­ years was very sound. I would take a good service for mechanical ignor­ fortune that after twenty years of titu­ exception to only one word: impartia­ amuses like me. I hope you will write lar control it tried to assert real con­ lity. This may have been fine, but so I can understand. trol. The warring collection of tribes perhaps it is time now to be objective J. Carlyle, which populated the Rif had in the rather than impartial if I may split Johannesburg. past been left alone. Spain's attempt to hairs. Seeing objectivity as an attitude alter the situation precipitated disas- towards a situation and impartiality as Unswinging prexy a position between competing factions Sir, — Your short piece on Malawi's within that situation, I would argue republican celebrations did not tell the that it is no longer necessary to un­ full story (NEWSPEOPi.E, July 14). Be­ derstand every party or section of a sides ranting about the "stupid Federa­ party. Why not be partial and slam tion", Banda at one stage also grabbed those whom you objectively see as a spear and shield and joined in the holding back progress towards the wild cavortings of tribal dancers. Then Southafrica you want. he told them that their dancing was not J. Visagie, sinful, as the early missionaries said. Pretoria. He said that only modern European dancing is sinful because it allows men Don't knock the critic to dance with other men's wives. And Sir, — Why P. J. Hoen should think Banda is supposed to be one of Afri­ that Sundays and Cybele is "merely ca's more civilised leaders! sordid" (LETTERS, July 21) without G. Markus, your critic mentioning Hardy Kruger's Pretoria, Vietnam experience is beyond me. Sure the point is that Kruger wouldn't have Also there fallen in love with the girl had it not Sir, — Your picture of poor whites been for his obsession with the peasant (SOUTHAFRICA, July 21) was troubling, girl caught briefly screaming in his and the accompanying write-up under­ plane's gun sights. But as motivation standing and sympathetic, but, like this hardly matters. The point is that every other publication in this sad ABDEL KRIU Kruger did fall in love with the girl and Ruby lost country, you have your priorities mixed that the film makes such a relation­ up. Sure, the poor whites are pathetic, ship credible. The love affair between but for goodness sake what about the ter. From the conflict emerged Krim, the two is sensitively handled, there an antagonist who not only opposed hundreds of thousands of blacks who are no overtones of Lotita, and, very live in conditions much worse than but managed as well to weld the Rif­ courageously for the director, it has fian tribes into a semblance of unity. that? A protracted war resulted and by 1923 a beautiful eroticism which, as NEWS/ P. R. Morea, Spain had 250,000 soldiers in the Rif. CHECK'S critic pointed out, is "without Johannesburg. But Krim remained uncatchable and lust." a Republic of the Rif looked like es­ M. G. Boyes, First in the land Pretoria. tablishing itself. Spain sued for peace Sir, — Congratulations on your COVER- and Krim, freed in one direction, made STORY on Athol Fugard. I think that the mistake of striking out in another. An extra punch among Southafrican writers Fugard Border tension between Spanish and Sir, — Very good work on your boxing has done most to free himself of the French Morocco had always been rife; photo essay. Non-white boxing in this ob.sessions with race and politics that now Krim declared war on France. country is a great sport and there have afflict most of those in this country Matched against a tougher foe Krim been and will be some terrific matches. ; who set pen to paper. His example of lost, was captured and tried. The Please let me point out, however, that integrity of purpose and execution can French, recognising an honourable the Bantu boxing clubs are having a only do good. It is sad, however, that foe (and the fact that executed heroes hard time. The punch bags and spar­ the state appears to have taken on are often more dangerous than for­ ring gloves are wearing thin and all the itself the functional literary criticism. gotten leaders) had him exiled until clubs could do with some new equip­ What Fugard has to say should be 1947. He died in 1963, having lived ment. Something should be done to heard everywhere and without inter­ out his days a venerated but ignored help out. ference. figure in Egyptian and North African A.M., G. A. Arthur, nationalist circles. A failure perhaps, Dube. Johannesburg. but Krim's actions pointed the way for Enlightenment later revolts against imperialism. AM political matter In this issue by Otto Krausa, Sir, — Good for you with your new Total Centre, Jorisian Street, Jotiannesburg.

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