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Cambridge University Press 0521817463 - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian Edited by Michael Maas Index More information Index S Aachen, Charlemagne’s palace church at, Agapias, 323, 335 366 Agapitus (Pope), 79, 232, 246, 277–279 Abasgi, 491, 497 Agapius of Hierapolis, 135 abortions, Procopius’ Secret History Agathias portraying Theodora as having, earthquake of 557, 71 435 Evagrius unable to access Histories of, Abraha, 502, 515, 517 392 Abraham of Kashkar, 259 Franks, 459 Abu Karib, 500, 502 hippodrome games, 65 Acacian Schism, 224–225, 269–270 historians’ reliance on, 394 The Account of the Disputation of the Priest, law and legal practice, 177, 183 406 life, career, and works, xix, 382, acculturation of barbarian tribes, 452, 386–390, 391 458–459 Menander Protector continuing Achaemenids, 478 (see also entries at Histories of, 391 Persian) Michael (archangel), powers of image Achilles, statue in Augoustaion of of, 31 0 Justinian dressed as, 66 pagan intellectuals and Athenian Adarbigana (Media Atropatene), 135 school, suppression of, 333 administration, see government Persia and Persians, 319 , 320, 477, 478 administration and bureaucracy philosophers’ flight to Persia, 319 , 320 admissionalis, 66 philosophy, knowledge of, 335 adscripticii (coloni adscripticii), 38, 191 popularity of, 394 adultery, see gender roles Smyrna, benefactor of public Aelia Eudocia, 64, 381, 439, 440, 441, convenience in, 387 463 Uranius, irritation at, 323, 378 Aelia Eudoxia, 441 war and military, 115, 117 Aelia Galla Placidia, 441 Age of Justinian, 3–5 (see also more Aeneas of Gaza, 317 , 323 specific topics) Aetius, 454, 456 economic contours of, see economic Aetius, Cistern of, 62, 68 contours of Age of Justinian Africa, see North Africa geopolitical contours of, 10–13, 30 Agapetus (deacon of St. Sophia) intellectual contours of, see intellectual imperial ideology, 195 contours of Age of Justinian life, career, and works, xix, 382, 392 overextension of empire’s resources via popularity of, 394 wars, 54–55, 116, 118, 454 583 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521817463 - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian Edited by Michael Maas Index More information Index Age of Justinian (cont.) Amida, 126 popes, list of, 268 Ammianus Marcellinus religious contours of, see religious imperial ideology, 187, 192–193 contours of Age of Justinian towns and cities, 92 agentes in rebus, 41 Ammonius Hermeiou, 318 –319 Agila, 464 Alexandrian and Athenian schools of Agilulf, 367 thought compared, 324–326 agoras, see entries at forum Damascius as pupil of, 319 agrarian production, 30–32 rapprochement with Christian peasant classes, 38 establishment, 318 , 329 plague’s effect on rural population and, Zachariah Scholasticus as pupil of, 118 323 taxation of, 47 amulets, 306, 311 war’s effect on rural population and, anagogy, 296 126–128 Anastasia, church of (Constantinople), Ahudemmeh, 260 79 Akathistos Hymn attributed to Romanos Anastasius I (emperor) the Melode, 393 Acacian Schism, 269, 270 Akoimetoi, monastery of, 378 art and architecture, 368 Akoimetoi monks (“sleepless monks”), Chalcedonian controversy, 225, 227, 224–225, 229, 232, 276, 278 228, 241, 244 al-ridda (“ridda” wars), 526, 533 death of, 5 Alamanni, 462, 464 (see also barbarians law, 164 and barbarian kingdoms) patrimonium established under, 45 Alans, 455 (see also barbarians and Persian wars, 481 barbarian kingdoms) Anastasius of Sinai, 409 Alaric II, 93, 459 Anatolia (Asia Minor), 30, 93 (see also Albinus, 274 more specific areas) Alboin, 469, 473 Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople, Alexander of Aphrodisias, 316 221 Alexander “the Scissors,” 454 angelic liturgy, mystical connection of Alexandria, 99, 135 earthly liturgy to, 295, 296 anti-Chalcedonian community, see Angles, 468 Egyptian anti-Chalcedonian Anicia Juliana, 439–440 community Dioscurides’ De materia medica (On Christological controversies, Medical Matters), patronage of, Alexandrine tradition in, 377, 390 218–219 St. Polyeuktos, patronage of, 64, 75, Jewish community of, 411 364–365, 389, 439–440 philosophical school annona, 119, 120 different approach compared to Antaiopolis, 438 Athens, 324 Anthemius of Tralles, 363, 364, 388 importance of, 317 , 320 Anthimus of Constantinople, 246, 247, political pressures on pagan 278, 279 philosophers, 329, 331, 334 anti-Chalcedonians, 239–241 (see also Amalasuintha, 276, 428, 442, 462, 463, Christological controversies; 464 Three Chapters Controversy) Amazons, 427, 437 architecture of, 256 584 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521817463 - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian Edited by Michael Maas Index More information Index communities outside empire, 243, earthquakes at Apamea and Antioch, 248–251, 257–260 95, 99, 128, 355 Constantinople, Second Council of Persian invasions, effect of, 487, 489, (Fifth Ecumenical Council), 234 519 divisions amongst, 252–254 plague in, 135, 138 Edict on Heretics to conversations of porticoed thoroughfares of, 103 532, 244–246 size and population of ancient city, Egypt, see Egyptian anti-Chalcedonian difficulty in determining, 99 community villages of, 101 empire, relationship to, 261–262 war and military, 126, 128 formative period, 222–224 Antonina (wife of Belisarius), 386 identity, anti-Chalcedonianism as form Apamea, 95, 101, 103, 109, 246 of, 254–257, 261–262 Aphrodisias, 94, 105, 106, 323 Justin I’s efforts hardening position of, Aphrodito, Theodora as special patron 227, 241–244 of, 438 literature of, 256, 257 aphthartodocetism, 8, 252–254, 261 lowest point of, 247 Apion, 120 manuscripts, 257 apocalypticism map of spread in East, 249 Byzantine-Persian conflicts, 523 Maurice’ persecution of, 54 Islam, rise of, 523–524 Miaphysitism as alternative term for, apocrisarius (papal legate to emperor) 264 Agapetus’ appointment of Pelagius as, missionary activity and expansion of 279 Christianity, 240, 248–251, 491 Ostrogothic Italy, lack of position modern communities, 262 under rule of, 269 Monophysite terminology, 24, 223 reconquest of Italy, position following, mosaics, 256 286 negotiations between Justinian and, Stephen as, 280 6, 8, 15 , 229–230, 244–246, Apollinarius of Alexandria, 252 247–248 Apollinarius of Laodicea, 218 philosophy, 335 Apollo, statue of (Constantinople), 65 separate hierarchy, creation of, 227, apologetical Jewish texts, 406 247 Apostoleion (Church of the Holy foundations of new ecclesiastical Apostles), Constantinople, 63, structure, 251–252 77, 79, 359 John of Tella, 232, 245 apotropaic use of images, 31 0 missionary activities on fringes of Aqueduct of Valens, 64 empire, 248–251 Aquila, 405, 409, 417 Syria, see Syrian anti-Chalcedonian Aquileia, 285 community Aquileian Schism, 234 terminology for, 6, 8, 15 Arabia (see also Islam, rise of ) Theodora’s anti-Chalcedonian anti-Chalcedonianism, 243, 248 background, 229 Byzantine conflicts and relations with, Trisagion (Thrice Holy) hymn, 224 12, 13–14, 124, 411, 498–500, Antioch 501–503 architectural restoration of, 355 commerce and trade in, 501–503, Christological controversies, 517–519 Antiochene tradition in, 218–219 henotheism, 522 585 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521817463 - The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian Edited by Michael Maas Index More information Index Arabia (cont.) Western Church’s relationship with map, 514 Eastern Church and empire, 273, monotheism indigenous to, 516, 276, 277 522–523 Aristotle Persian-Byzantine relationship, effect Ammonius’ commentaries on, 318 of, 513–521 Asclepius of Tralles on, 320 plague, 519 Christian vs. pagan study of, 317 polytheism/paganism, 522 comparison of Alexandrian vs. social stratification, lack of, 520 Athenian schools of thought, Aratius, 496 324–326 Arator, 379 contemporary trends and debates arbitration, 180 regarding, 324–328 Arcadius, 64, 65, 76, 441, 477, 480 cultural significance of, 333–336 Archelaus, 120 John Philoponus’ commentaries on archiferecites, 414 and critiques of, 320–321, 323, archisynagogos, 414 326–328 architecture (see also art) later anonymous commentaries on, Aachen, Charlemagne’s palace church 322 at, 366 Olympiodorus of Alexandria’s anti-Chalcedonian community in commentaries, 321 Syria, 256 Sergius of Ras Ayin’s translations, churches as primary public 322 construction in sixth century significance of commentaries on, 317 cities, 89, 93, 98, 106, 107 Simplicius of Cilicia’s commentaries Hagia Sophia, see Hagia Sophia on, 320 imitations, influences, and iterations, wealth of sixth-century commentaries 361, 362, 365–366 on, 316 imperial ideology as supported by, see Zacharias Scholasticus’ study of, 323 imperial ideology Armenia Justinian’s architectural patronage, anti-Chalcedonianism, 243, 260–261 355–361 caution in use of term, 496 non-Roman responses to imperial Christophoros (Armenian catholicos) architecture, 366–369 consecrating Syrian anti- San Vitale, Ravenna, 365–366 Chalcedonian bishop, 260 Sts. Sergius and Bacchus, frontier areas of empire, attempts to Constantinople, see Sts. Sergius control, 493–498 and Bacchus Persian-Roman relationship, 480, successors of Justinian, 369–370 489 synagogues, 415–418 philosophical tradition, 322 archons, 414 precise relationship to empire, Arethas (Harith), 248 difficulty in determining, 490 Arians and Arianism Roman colonization, resistance to, barbarian kingdoms, 11, 15 , 456 498 early Christological controvery, Zoroastrianism, resistance to, 497 viewed as, 215–218 arms factories ( fabricae), 45,