Ministry of Human Resource Development Annual Report
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Information Imbalances: Communications and The
"INFORMATION IMBALANCES": Communications and the Developing World Shashi Tharoor* A Latin American newspaper ignores a historic economic conference between the under-developed nations and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries in order to play up the opening of a New York photographic exhibition by Caroline Kennedy. On a single day a newspaper in India devotes three times the wordage to Princess Anne's fall from a horse than it has accorded neighboring Sri Lanka Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike in a week. The South China Morning Post prints Peking-watcher stories written in Hong Kong by New York Times correspondents whose copy is cabled back after being edited in the United States. A Kuwaiti learns about political developments in Thailand from reports by a transnational' news agency based in New York. These are "information imbalances," the international media's latest cause for concern, a concept referring to the disequilibria in the structure of communication that result in the preponderance of Western, and specifically American, sources of information in the world today. The post-World War II enthusiasm for democratic principles, which caused the ideals of a free press to be enshrined almost univer- sally, has abated considerably in recent years. With the Third World's ' ' 2 acquisition of an "international class-consciousness these principles the 1975-76 *Shashi Tharoor (MA 1976), a candidate for the MALD at The Fletcher School, won Kripalani Award forJournalism in India. the big four news agencies 1. The numerous authorities consulted differ on whether to term This article uses both locutions, (Reuters, AP, UPI, AFP) "multinationals" or "transnationals." that these agencies are not "inter- interchangeably; the only important distinction to note is national frontiers. -
• United Nations • UN Millenium Development Goals
• United Nations • The Bretton Woods Institutions http://www.un.org http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Current/P7/b wi/cccbw.html • UN Millenium Development Goals http://www.developmentgoals.org/ News • The Economist • MUNweb http://www.economist.co.uk/ http://www.munweb.org/ • Foreign Affairs • UN Official MUN website http://www.foreignaffairs.org/ http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/mod elun/ • Associated Press http://www.ap.org/ • UN System - Alphabetic Index of Websites of the United Nations • Russian News Agency System of Organizations http://www.tass.net/ http://www.unsystem.org/ • Interfax International Group • United Nations Development http://www.interfax-news.com/ Programme http://www.undp.org/ • British Broadcasting Corporation http://news.bbc.co.uk/ • UN Enviroment Programme http://www.unep.org/ • Reuters. Know. Now. http://www.reuters.com/ • Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights • Agencia EFE http://www.ohchr.org/english/ http://www.efe.es/ • International Criminal Court • Agence France Presse http://www.iccnow.org/ www.afp.com • International Criminal Tribunal for • El Mundo the former Yugoslavia http://www.elmundo.es http://www.un.org/icty/ • Aljazeera International English • United Nations Bibliographic Edition Information System http://www.aljazeera.com/ http://unbisnet.un.org/ • Foreign Affairs • International Criminal Tribunal for http://www.foreignaffairs.org/ Rwanda http://www.ictr.org/ • Associated Press http://www.ap.org/ • International Court of Justice http://www.icj-cij.org/ • Russian News Agency http://www.tass.net/ • World Bank Group http://www.worldbank.org/ • Interfax International Group http://www.interfax-news.com/ • European Union http://europa.eu.int/ • British Broadcasting Corporation http://news.bbc.co.uk/ • World Trade Organization http://www.wto.org/ • Reuters. -
Linguistic Survey of India Bihar
LINGUISTIC SURVEY OF INDIA BIHAR 2020 LANGUAGE DIVISION OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA i CONTENTS Pages Foreword iii-iv Preface v-vii Acknowledgements viii List of Abbreviations ix-xi List of Phonetic Symbols xii-xiii List of Maps xiv Introduction R. Nakkeerar 1-61 Languages Hindi S.P. Ahirwal 62-143 Maithili S. Boopathy & 144-222 Sibasis Mukherjee Urdu S.S. Bhattacharya 223-292 Mother Tongues Bhojpuri J. Rajathi & 293-407 P. Perumalsamy Kurmali Thar Tapati Ghosh 408-476 Magadhi/ Magahi Balaram Prasad & 477-575 Sibasis Mukherjee Surjapuri S.P. Srivastava & 576-649 P. Perumalsamy Comparative Lexicon of 3 Languages & 650-674 4 Mother Tongues ii FOREWORD Since Linguistic Survey of India was published in 1930, a lot of changes have taken place with respect to the language situation in India. Though individual language wise surveys have been done in large number, however state wise survey of languages of India has not taken place. The main reason is that such a survey project requires large manpower and financial support. Linguistic Survey of India opens up new avenues for language studies and adds successfully to the linguistic profile of the state. In view of its relevance in academic life, the Office of the Registrar General, India, Language Division, has taken up the Linguistic Survey of India as an ongoing project of Government of India. It gives me immense pleasure in presenting LSI- Bihar volume. The present volume devoted to the state of Bihar has the description of three languages namely Hindi, Maithili, Urdu along with four Mother Tongues namely Bhojpuri, Kurmali Thar, Magadhi/ Magahi, Surjapuri. -
Sant Nirankari Public School, Faridabad Class – Iv (2017 – 18) Subject – Maths Assignment-1
SANT NIRANKARI PUBLIC SCHOOL, FARIDABAD CLASS – IV (2017 – 18) SUBJECT – MATHS ASSIGNMENT-1 SECTION A Q 1. Write the number name (in Indian System) 1,87,819 37,17,215 Q 2. Write the number name (in International System) 3,993,457 412,351 Q 3. Write the expanded form of 25,308 1,37,478 Q 4. Write in short form of a) 70,000 + 5000 + 60 b) 4,00,000 +400+40+ 4 Q 5. Write the successor of 39900 1,23,478 Q 6. Write the predecessor of 57000 8,48,300 Q 7. Round off to the nearest hundreds 6253 17528 Q 8. Write the Roman number for 25 52 91 79 84 Q 9. Write the Hindu-Arabic numeral for XL1 LXXIV XCV LXXX Q 10. Circle the incorrect Roman numeral XV IIIX XL XXL LIV CVIV LII XXC XC XLVIII Q 11. Fill in the Blanks 4634+ ______ = 4634 21346 + ______ = 21347 14357+19235 = 19235 + ________ 185 X 1 = ________ _____ X 1 = 270 _____ x 628 =0 427 X (25+ _____) = 427 X 25 + 427 X 68 Q 12. Fill in the Blanks 47 X 1000 = ______ 499 X10 = _________ 68 X 100 = ______ 91 X 1000 = ________ Q 13. Write the amount in words Rs.23.75 Rs.68.50 Rs.100.25 Q 14. Write in short form a) Twenty Five Paise b) Two Thousand rupees fifty paise c) Forty seven rupees five paise SECTION B 1. Find the difference between the place value and face value of 6 in 3526521. -
Samachar1 Samachar (N.M.) Is a Relatively Recent Loanword From
Samachar1 Samachar (n.m.) is a relatively recent loanword from Sanskrit. R.S. McGregor’s Oxford Hindi-English dictionary defines the word as follows: “Proceeding, practice or behaviour; state, condition,” and lists its uses: “1. an occurrence. 2. (often pl.) news, information. E.g., kya samachar hai, what is the news?”(p. 986).2 Sanskrit words for news include vartta, under which the following entry can be found: (n.f.) an account of anything that has happened, tidings, report, rumour, news, intelligence, story of or about. Monier-Williams gives an example of the word’s usage, ka vartta, ‘what is the news?’3 Another word used in this sense is samdesa (meaning communication of intelligence, message, information, errand, direction, command). Vartta and to a lesser extent samdesa continue to be used in this sense. For instance, the Hindi arm of the news agency United News of India (UNI) is called Univarta; and Sandesh is the name of a newspaper in Gujarat. But if we take the example of Doordarshan, which probably has a wider reach than any other Indian news service, the word for ‘news’ is today signaled most often by samachar. The contemporary importance of the word samachar is shaped by the linguistic Sanskritisation that developed in Northern India during the nineteenth century, as part of a series of attempts to redefine Hindustani around its Sanskritic rather than its Persian roots, and to eliminate words presumed to be foreign. Colloquially in Northern India, a more commonly used equivalent is khabar (n.f.), a loanword borrowed from Arabic, denoting: 1. -
Agenciastransnacionales De Informacion Yel Tercer
www.flacsoandes.edu.ec AGENCIAS TRANSNACIONALES DE INFORMACION YEL TERCER MUNDO Raquel -Salinas Editorial "The Quito Times" Quito. Ecuador Primers Edici6n Julio de 1984 Las oprmones del autor no son necesariamente las de CIESPAL o de la Fundacion Friedrich Ebert Derechos reservados segun Ley de Derechos de Autor expedida mediante Decreto Supremo No. ..COtECCION 610 de 30 de Julio de 1976. La reproduccion tNTIY~~ total 0 parcial de esta obra no puede hacerse sin autorizacion de CIESPAL. INDICE INTRODUCCION: Plan dellibro; Breve panorama de las agencias 13 PRIMERA PARTE: LAS GRANDES AGENCIAS DEL MUNDO, 29 Capitulo I: Historia de las agencias transnacionales; Cartel Europeo; La doc- trina dellibre flujo , 34 Capitulo II: Caracteristicas actuales de las mayores agencias: Propiedad y control; Servicios y escala de operaciones; Propiedad y control; Servicios y escala de operaciones: La quinta agencia mundial: TASS; A quienes sirven las agencias occidentales; Caracteristicas del producto informativo ; Control editorial y determinantes organizacionales, 47 SEGUNDA PARTE: DESEQUILIBRIOS: VOLUMEN Y CONTENIDOS .. 81 Capitulo III: Transnacionales y agencias nacionales, Dominacion y mime tis- mo; i,Ganan por calidad?, 85 Capitulo IV: Desequilibrios de volumen y contenidos, Regiones invisibles; Editores locales: Autonomia potencial y esfuerzo m inirno ; Diferencias de cifras 0 de perspectivas, El desarrollo no es noticia, 93 Capitulo V: Cobertura de temas que interesan al Tercer Mundo, Los grandes informan poco; Si no fuera por la controversia...; -
An Ottoman Global Moment
AN OTTOMAN GLOBAL MOMENT: WAR OF SECOND COALITION IN THE LEVANT A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History By Kahraman Sakul, M.A Washington, DC November, 18, 2009 Copyright 2009 by Kahraman Sakul All Rights Reserved ii AN OTTOMAN GLOBAL MOMENT: WAR OF SECOND COALITION IN THE LEVANT Kahraman Sakul, M.A. Dissertation Advisor: Gabor Agoston, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to place the Ottoman Empire within its proper context in the Napoleonic Age and calls for a recognition of the crucial role of the Sublime Porte in the War of Second Coalition (1798-1802). The Ottoman-Russian joint naval expedition (1798-1800) to the Ionian Islands under the French occupation provides the framework for an examination of the Ottoman willingness to join the European system of alliance in the Napoleonic age which brought the victory against France in the Levant in the War of Second Coalition (1798-1802). Collections of the Ottoman Archives and Topkapı Palace Archives in Istanbul as well as various chronicles and treatises in Turkish supply most of the primary sources for this dissertation. Appendices, charts and maps are provided to make the findings on the expedition, finance and logistics more readable. The body of the dissertation is divided into nine chapters discussing in order the global setting and domestic situation prior to the forming of the second coalition, the Adriatic expedition, its financial and logistical aspects with the ensuing socio-economic problems in the Morea, the Sublime Porte’s relations with its protectorate – The Republic of Seven United Islands, and finally the post-war diplomacy. -
Between Strong Interference and Weak Support
THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT by SANELA HODŽIĆ INTRODUCTION The role and position of editors in media outlets seem to be neglected top- ics in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH). Editors are expected to hold the piv- otal role in media integrity protection, but in practice editors in Bosnia and Herzegovina mainly keep a low-profile and rarely get either major public re cog- nition or critique. The general circumstances in the media sector are inevita- bly taking their toll on the role and position of editors. Political parallelism has never decreased. The media are often part of networks of conflicting relations and financially dependent on a few sources of revenue, while profit is often the only guiding principle of media operations. All of this inevitably determines the policies behind the appointment of media editors, the circumstances under which they work and ultimately the role they perform. This research report aims at outlining the position and the role of media editors in BIH. It is based on a research study conducted from March to May 2016, involving review of secondary sources, five in-depth interviews and a small-scale survey,1 all aiming to outline the patterns of labour status, profes- sional credentials, socio-economic position, political background and appoint- ments of editors. The sections below are organised around these main issues. Before going into the current situation of editors, one should first recall the recent history. It is worth mentioning that appointments of media edi- tors based on ideological criteria date back to Bosnia and Herzegovina being 1 Ten completed questionnaires, out of 25 distributed. -
Prout in a Nutshell Volume 4 Second Edition E-Book
SHRII PRABHAT RANJAN SARKAR PROUT IN A NUTSHELL VOLUME FOUR SHRII PRABHAT RANJAN SARKAR The pratiika (Ananda Marga emblem) represents in a visual way the essence of Ananda Marga ideology. The six-pointed star is composed of two equilateral triangles. The triangle pointing upward represents action, or the outward flow of energy through selfless service to humanity. The triangle pointing downward represents knowledge, the inward search for spiritual realization through meditation. The sun in the centre represents advancement, all-round progress. The goal of the aspirant’s march through life is represented by the swastika, a several-thousand-year-old symbol of spiritual victory. PROUT IN A NUTSHELL VOLUME FOUR Second Edition SHRII PRABHAT RANJAN SARKAR Prout in a Nutshell was originally published simultaneously in twenty-one parts and seven volumes, with each volume containing three parts, © 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991 by Ánanda Márga Pracáraka Saîgha (Central). The same material, reorganized and revised, with the omission of some chapters and the addition of some new discourses, is now being published in four volumes as the second edition. This book is Prout in a Nutshell Volume Four, Second Edition, © 2020 by Ánanda Márga Pracáraka Saîgha (Central). Registered office: Ananda Nagar, P.O. Baglata, District Purulia, West Bengal, India All rights reserved by the publisher. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording -
State-Media Financial Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Di and Herzegovina: Bosnia Relations Financial in Ofstate-Media Aspects Three Elites Andtheir Affiliates
STATE-MEDIA FINANCIAL RELATIONS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA INCREASINGLY DEPENDENT AND DISCIPLINED MEDIA by SANELA HODŽIĆ INTRODUCTION In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the range of financial relations between the state and the media, both public and private, is overwhelming. These relations include direct financial interference by governmental institutions in the me- dia sector, both at the level of the entities (Republika Srpska and Federation of BiH), and at the local government level (ten cantons within the Federation, and 141 municipalities across the country).1 Considerable public funds are being constantly invested in media, with some media being regularly financed out of the state budget, and some receiving direct subsidies. The ruling parties are also believed to be in control of the advertising prac- tices of two public telecommunication companies that are at the same time major advertisers in the country. Advertising agencies are acting as mediators in these financial transactions, which further limits any insight into where the money is going and how it affects the market. Given these two practices – direct financing from government budgets and the advertising practices of telecommunication companies – the state, i.e. the ruling parties, emerges as one of the most powerful actors in the market. Their role has become even more relevant in the past seven years. In that period, the market was hit hard by the combination of the economic crisis, shrink- ing donor support, and loss of advertising due to migration of advertisers to foreign media and non-journalistic platforms, all of which have left the media with only a few major sources of revenue, besides the state-controlled ones. -
Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe
Strasbourg, 22 May 2019 CommDH(2019)14 COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE DUNJA MIJATOVIĆ 1ST QUARTERLY ACTIVITY REPORT 2019 1 January to 31 March Presented to the Committee of Ministers and the Parliamentary Assembly CommDH(2019)14 This report contains a summary of the activities carried out by the Commissioner for Human Rights, Dunja Mijatović, between 1 January and 31 March 2019. 1. Visits and Missions Visit to Hungary The Commissioner carried out a visit to Hungary from 4 to 8 February, focusing on the human rights of asylum seekers and refugees, human rights defenders and civil society, independence of the judiciary and gender equality and women’s rights. During her visit, the Commissioner met with the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior, Sándor Pintér; the Minister of Justice, László Trócsányi; the Minister of State for International Affairs in the Ministry of Human Capacities, Orsolya Pacsay-Tomassich; and the Minister of State for EU Relations in the Prime Minister's Office, Judit Varga. She also met the President of the Curia, Péter Darák; the President of the Constitutional Court, Tamás Sulyok; the Commissioner for Fundamental Rights, László Székely; the President of the Equal Treatment Authority, Agnes Honecz; the Head of the Hungarian Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Delegation, Zsolt Németh; and representatives of civil society. The Commissioner made field visits to the Hungarian Interchurch Aid shelter for women victims of violence in Budapest and the home for unaccompanied children in the Károly István Children’s Centre in Fót. The Commissioner expressed concern that very few asylum seekers are able to apply for international protection in Hungary and that applications are practically always rejected due to a new inadmissibility ground introduced in June 2018. -
A Model for Democratic Communication by Fernanda Reyes Matta
The Right to Inform and be Informed Everyone has the right ... to seek, receive and im- part information and ideas through any media. Universal Declaration of Human Rights Over the last decade, there has been, among the media, the ministries of information and in the United Nations confer- ences, especially those of UNESCO, an increasingly heated and often acrimonious debate on what is now called the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO). The debate is of interest to all of us because what is at stake critically affects and shapes our daily lives and our futures. Participation in the debate should, therefore, be much wider than it is today, indeed open to all concerned, that is to all citizens. This issue of DEVELOPMENTDIALOGUE has been con- ceived as a contribution to this task. The Dag Hammarskjold Foundation, alone or with a number of sister institutions, has been active in the field of communica- tions for almost ten years. The time has now come to take stock, to map out what needs to be done and to state or restate a number of principles and values which are necessary to give content to the right 'to seek, receive and impart information' as it is laid down in Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Maldevelopment pervades societies, North and South, East and West alike. Another Development is required everywhere and by all. It is people-centred, geared to the satisfaction of human needs-both material and, in the broadest sense, political; it is self-reliant, endogenous, ecologically sound, and based on democratic, political, social and economic structural transfor- mations which alone will make possible the attainment of the other goals.