1 being and Herzegovina date to back Bosnia criteria on ideological tors based the recent history. It mentioning worth edi that is appointments ofmedia issues. main around belowthese are organised sections The ofeditors. ments andappoint background political position, socio-economic sional credentials, survey, small-scale anda fivein-depth interviews sources, ofsecondary 2016, involving review inBIH editors work andultimatelywhich they perform. the role they under the circumstances the editors, behind appointment ofmedia the policies determines All of this inevitably operations. of media principle only guiding oftensources whileprofitthe is of revenue, ona few dependent and financially of conflicting relations ofnetworks part are often Themedia decreased. never Political has parallelism their ofeditors. tollbly taking onthe role andposition are inevita sector in circumstances the media Thegeneral nition orcritique. and rarely either get major public alow-profile re mainlykeep Herzegovina and inBosnia butinpractice editors protection, integrity roleotal inmedia (BIH andHerzegovina inBosnia ics Before going into the current situation of editors, one should first recall goinginto oneshould first Before recall the current situation ofeditors, aims and the position at outliningrole ofmedia the report This research hinder the public discussion about the role and position of the media editors. ofthe media the about role andposition hinder the publicdiscussion indicative of patternspossibly the general is that This orworkingconditions. for post his/her repercussions intended torespondent employers express over his/her risking without critique the because itwas whileinonecase preferences themselves inpublic, personal notto expose ofunspecified to because It mostly their answers names). some was anonymity (notascribing andtwomorepartial a post), their about anonymity (notmentioning orspecifics their names Ten complete requested respondents Three out of 25 distributed. completed questionnaires, The role and position of editors in media outlets seem to be neglected top be neglected to seem outlets editors inmedia of position The role and by IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN INTRODUCTION WEAK SUPPORT INTERFERENCE AND BETWEEN STRONG SANELA HODŽIĆ . It is based on a research study conducted from March study from onaresearch conducted to May. It based is 1 all aiming to outline the patterns of labour status, profes allaimingto outline the status, patterns oflabour ). Editors are expected to holdthe piv ). Editors are expected

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MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS to appoint party-appropriate editors. While this was stopped at the time, stopped Whilethis was to editors. appoint party-appropriate made strong demands and they strengthened, had already nationalistic parties alone, among several candidates,”alone, pro media Kontić, long-standing saidBoro that, so weakened, was editors government influence over the appointment of developments, course ofthese 4 3 2 inmany ways. degraded have ofeditors been and position indicate, the will role this report As outlets. at ofeditors media and the position and continued of control the totions and mechanisms role determine persisted However, to media. publicandprivate state from media the ambi transformed andthe patterns nolongeractive, ownership haveare for been part the most professionals that positions have the once media changed; held distinguished direct influence,” Since then, the Kontić it. actors andcircumstances as named itors ofRTV freedom. for some gaining thegrab opportunities the interest within party, groups the various could now the media but between and intelligence stillcontinued officials services, ence through inmedia party state. butrather Theinterfer ofaweakened freedoms, alisation andmedia 1990.” However, were changes clearly notanindicatorliber these ofsystemic programme Sarajevo in ofRadio editorofSecond howIbecame is this others, adding:“Among Center ofMedia andthe Sarajevo, fessional current director overthe media. the grip andinaway loosened fragmented subsequently which ofinterest, lines alongparticular fragmented such away that itbecame inAugust-Septemberoccurred 1987)system in to finally political shake the were (the oneAgrokomercofficials involved concerning the company, which Communist Party. inwhich Itparty major affair onemajor corruption took of ex-Yugoslavia,part follow by the thewould strictly course when editors set was in December 1992war (1992-1995) of –thethe firstyear inDecember was – that the then-ed scandals, which further compromised the system. the compromised system. which further scandals, The Constitutional ofBIH court . Accessed 31 Aprilnovine 2016. Available http://www.media.ba/bs/mediametar/afere-koje-su-pokretale-nase-vlastite- at: “Afere Loza, See novine’,” ‘vlastite naše supokretale koje Mediacentar_online, 8April 2016. this major affair, After irregularities. the BH these and prevent the ofthe ofstate failure indicated Central authorities to ber butalso Committee, discover the with involvement amem- ofFikret andinappropriate Abdić, offunds, corruption use bribery, misuse, irregularities, business coverage. notonlyimplied without notes This issory prom ofissuing - inwhich the anarticle company accused published was Belgrade from pers publicinbecame Agrokomerc AugustThe affair concerning 1987,after theBorba more inKurspahić 2003. were dismissed and then began the “era andthen began were dismissed and Herzegovina Bosnia of has, however, decided against such direct involvement. See however, involvement. See such direct against has, decided “for the first time the newsrooms chose the editors editors the chose time“for the first the newsrooms 3 By1991 of the popularity media soon uncovered other soon media - newspa 2 Inthe 4 it - - - - -

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 2 25 work ofthe PC in the mediation process: during 2015, during 16 process: retractions the complaints after mediation were settled by the the complaints processed 7 6 c) b) a) 5 2). Article and OnlineMedia, orfavours that could bribes influence well as for Press their work as (Code tions, andhonesty, fairness andfalsifica andto avoid plagiarism reporting, truthful in the to explicitly the requirements ensure is role ofeditors addressed sectors butinthe andonlinemedia press forgeneral professional broadcasting, norms lations concerning ofeditors. the independence oronline)donothave stipu similar broadcasting (print, sectors various across outlets media Private fulfilled. thatfirming is requirement the abovementioned ( to Agency submitastatement to the Communications Regulatory stipulates editor Thesamearticle the obligation of the subject. by apolitical coalitions ororganisations established party, candidates, ofindependent list political body of of any oramember apublicofficial as acting aperson not be ofthe editors-in-chief. independence cal regulation pertaining to public broadcasters involves references to publicbroadcasters to the politi pertaining regulation However, ofmedia. andtypes for andare allsectors relevant editors role ofmedia Radio Media Services, under Article 31, stipulateunder Article that the editor-in-chief can Services, Media Radio 76/2015 and rule of on Provision Services, Media of Audio-visual on Provision BIH The responsibility of the editors towards the public is only implied in editors is onlyimplied the of the public towards the The responsibility Ljiljana Zurovac, director,Ljiljana Zurovac, inBIH Council Press information. to publish truthful the author/editor/publisher best didhis that that proof given outletthat itprovides undergoing lawsuit, is alibel of aneditor/media of in thethe exercising to right favour reply works principle thebility of editors; journalistic references- to donotincludethe specific butthese responsi andinthe Code, Press Services For of in the Code Audio-Visual example, the generalright toreply specified is Media (Rule77/2015,28). Article orfinancing. share inthe property have (1)ofthis Article more b)ofparagraph a)and/orpoint than a51under points percent whereby model, entities the partnership underapublic-private legal established been it has (1) ofthis Article; community a) of and paragraph territorial under a point public authorities of the political oraninstitution community (1)ofthis Article, with a)ofparagraph territorial underapoint and the ofapolitical founder an administrative organisation is orother administrative body community); and territorial (political Canton, and/ormunicipality city Herzegovina, entity, and andHerzegovina, the ofBosnia founder the Brčko is state ofBosnia District onefor stations is which oneofthe applies: following A publictelevision There are no general media laws that specifically address the position and address the laws Therethat are specifically nogeneralmedia 1 CURRENT LAWS AND REGULATIONS THE ROLE AND POSITION OF EDITORS IN (PC ) reports that the majority of editors today respond positively to the positively that today respond the ofeditors majority ) reports in the efforts to implement inthe efforts professional norms. 6 Ljiljana Zurovac, director ofthe Council Press director Ljiljana Zurovac, PC illustrates that hold a central editors role in 5 Moreboth specifically, 77/2015 Rule , telephone interview, 26April 2016. 7 An overview of Anoverview CRA ) con - - - - - 2015, 16COMPLAINTS EDITORS. RETRACTIONS BY WERE SETTLED AFTER PROCESS: DURING IN THE MEDIATION A CENTRAL ROLE THAT EDITORS HOLD PC ILLUSTRATES PROCESSED BY THE THE COMPLAINTS AN OVERVIEW OF

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 3 25 11 10 9 (BHRT Herzegovina 8 study, the editor of a private media outlet, admits experiencing direct pressure direct study, experiencing admits outlet, media ofaprivate the editor inthis Oneparticipant the against interest media. ofprivate ofthegoes owners the about government. reporting ofcritical case loyalty, onpolitical of continuous in and no assurances funding based chosen are not media that ofthese noassurances andeditors the directors virtually There are andcantonal bymunicipal governments. funded overall) are directly (outers and61 publicradiobroadcasters of43 TV local publicTV –12local publicbroadcasters oflocal inthe case forward straight particularly is This about. reporting actors that should be the media onparticular dependent directly often is whilefunding independent, being fromeditors far arefor the procedures appointing Thus, independence. torial ornot. published be will the about story tional details constitutes of conflict definewhatinterest. specifically nordo they of editors the responsibilities However,interest. donotspecify principles the editorial influenced forany thatrequirements should notbe of programming conflict and involve general reporting, orfair accuracy such as ofjournalism, ciples of anoverall173 complaints in2015. out Onthe 2were otherfound ofArticle hand,breaches in11 cases by editors. Other media rarely norms. adoptsimilar media Other quotations, but the editor decides whether a reaction to a story involving addi to astory whether areaction decides butthe editor quotations, thatnotes offalse obligethem internal to CIN regulations publishcorrections ( Center for Investigative Reporting adopted the internal editorial principles. They mostly mostly restate the generalprin They principles. the internaladopted editorial and

April 2016. community, bythe media moted to the generalpublic. unknown are virtually andthey are are notpublicly mostly notpublicly norms pro - the entailed documents available, These id=23 Written editor-in-chief, ( Center Abdagić, for reply by Aladin Investigative Reporting ofwhich conflict ofinterestbe judged. on the basis should are provided No criteria inthe creation ofthe programme. engagement anddecision-making ofhis/her and the level the into naturetaking engagement, account ofwork ofthe ofpolitical employee the level cases, conflict ofinterestparticular in possible about decide that onlyindicted superiors it is the 6.3. of both Ethical of Article Code The public service system ofBIH service The public Similarly, editors are hardly in a position to engage in media reporting thatSimilarly, reporting to in media are engage hardly editors in a position content&view=article&id= in2015.and OnlineMedia Available http://english.vzs.ba/index.php?option=com_ at: inBIH Council Press The media laws and regulations do not involve specific guarantees of edi of guarantees laws donotinvolve and specific regulations The media 1.1 NO GUARANTEES FOR EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE Radio andRadio Television ofthe Republic (RTRS of Srpska &lang=en. Accessed 30 &lang=en. ), Radio andRadio Television oftheFederation ofBIH , Outline of Citizens’ Complaints Regarding the Complaints Regarding Writing ofCitizens’ , Outline ofPress March 2016 2079 % 3 Ayear- and the Ethical of RTVFBIH Code 8 CIN

. Radio and –Radio Television and ofBosnia ). The editor-in-chief, Aladin Abdagić, editor-in-chief,). The Aladin Abdagić, 2015 10 An exception is, for Anexception example, the is, &catid= 22 11

% and139 radiostations 3 ) –have additionally Acases-outline&Item RTRS . For example, broadcast ) (RTVFBIH CIN ), ------9

OWNERS. THE INTEREST OF THE THAT GOES AGAINST IN MEDIA REPORTING A POSITION TO ENGAGE EDITORS ARE HARDLY IN INDEPENDENCE. OF EDITORIAL SPECIFIC GUARANTEES DO NOT INVOLVE AND REGULATIONS THE MEDIA LAWS

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 4 25 16 15 14 with themanagement outletforwhich ofthemedia with Iwork.” reports: 13 12 radiostation inLivno, at editor alocal Mihaljević, Željka of their livelihood. interms for editors another source as ofinsecurity perceived is donor support underpublicscrutiny. primarily which should be However, on this dependence power-holders, the from local greater for independence ents their perceived werequestioned.”sions theonlybody in deci which was Board autonomyeditorial […] TheEditorial that the contract and one is did the second clearlyoccasions), editorial protect that weremade(although themonafew and thedecisions with hedid notagree autonomy editorial onand supported outletinsisted ofthemedia that theowner is thefirst and themajor one reasons: fortwo decisions, or changing editorial toinfluenceen’t ofmaking me tried in thesense in thatsomeone aposition been wrote, “Ihav Stevanović Zoran director the news N1former in this regard.As exception apositive as mentioned N1was the television course ofthis research, In owners. bythe media decisions arbitrary from of editors protection better through guarantees nal organisation some relative andprovide with success, long.” donotlast and you and go directly to resist against it try or you follow or that mould, you policy rial of the owner, still word is the ultimate one in but the profilingowners edito the oneshould goagainst the will orothersimilar fascism cases, tain criminal cases, owner’.case ofcer reality. in different notionof asomewhat Ofcourse, Itreflects ‘Youline: ofthe an article critical show will your independencewrite when you along daily] [aprivate this tomewhile atOslobođenje make Iwas suggestions funny when public tomesometimes “Itwas would figures of another respondent: Have Idoneit?Mostly ‘yes’ no,butmostly!Some slipped in too.” Orinthe words were pressuring me through topublish theowner their and ‘greetings wishes’ … encountered such athing lying! More is specifically, political structures certain aubiquitous practice: “Any itto be and believes not editorwho hehas says out ofthe publicsight. policies editorial influences on theaggravates the possible problem, bykeeping further outlets concerning ofmedia the andfinancing ownership transparency indicates that it is especially hard for media outside ofthe to bigtowns access outside hard for media indicates that especially itis

Željka Mihaljević, editor-in-chief, Studio Radio N,telephone interview, 10Željka Mihaljević, April 2016. Written broadcaster, at reply to byaneditor questionnaire apublicservice April 2016. director,Written news former Stojanović, reply to byZoran questionnaire N1,April 2016. cial-relations-bosnia-and-herzegovina. Accessed 27 cial-relations-bosnia-and-herzegovina. - Available http://mediaobservatory.net/radar/media-integrity-report-state-media-finan at: SEE more onthis inprevious See Agency, 8April 2016. Sarajevo, Communications Regulatory ofthe of Council andmember agency news ofFENA director Faruk with Borić, Interview Finally, byinternational financed donorsare by mentioned respond media Some media, however, at ofinter the independence level media, editorial regulate Some “There is no clear and efficient protection in cases where editors disagree disagree whereeditors cases is no clear and efficient protectionin “There 13 14

In contrast, an editor at a public service broadcaster broadcaster at aneditor apublicservice Incontrast, 12 One respondent in particular mentions that lackof inparticular Onerespondent Media Observatory reports, the latest being Hodzic 2015. Hodzic the latest being reports, Observatory Media March 2016 . 15 16 ------

SCRUTINY. UNDER PUBLIC SHOULD BE PRIMARILY HOLDERS, WHICH THE LOCAL POWER- INDEPENDENCE FROM PERCEIVED GREATER FOR THEIR RESPONDENTS MENTIONED BY DONORS ARE BY INTERNATIONAL MEDIA FINANCED

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 5 25 administrative level inquestion. administrative level at the party to political ontheir the loyalty ruling based appointed are infact (including PSB three bias on the part of editors, on the part bias the stipulations thatDespite ofinterestpolitical should conflicts prevent and in the statutes ofBHRT specified appoint (as the editors 19 18 17 making Ihaveaccepted.” soofcourse job my Iwas living from, don’t ifyou gohome’. can like you are ofeditor; it, taking overtheposition It’s the waythis –thedirector office metohis called andtoldmeyou October ‘From 1 …“ oftheowner thedecision editor is appointed literally “Iwas whoadded: in More precisely,in specified. choosingadequately the criterion theonly relevant forthe editors are not appointment of clearlyand procedures and “The criteria bythe illustrated nature words ofourrespondent: is ofsuch decisions trary Thearbi theand conformism with andtheir interests ofthe affiliates. owners rationales and, finally,profession, by financial journalistic of loyalty criteria on the with familiar whoare notnecessarily preferencesthe personal ofdirectors, by guided arebe to considered The decisions to editors. appoint and dismiss communicated to being the public(ifanything at all). decision onlythe with final procedures, are themore inclosed appointed editors often are rarelycriteria and publicly and announced, positions job The of editors. appointments anddemotions ofboth inthe procedures atmosphere ofsecrecy inBIH outlets at missing are media often ofeditors ments their support. helpsinassuring integrity donor presence, onlylong-standing andthat ofdecreased international from revenue incircumstances sources,

At public service broadcasters, the Director General is also entitled to also is General the Director broadcasters, At publicservice In private media the owners/directors have absolute discretionary powers powers have the absolutediscretionary owners/directors media In private 1.2 sic-nokautirao-dragana-davidovica. Accessed 30 sic-nokautirao-dragana-davidovica. Written April reply byaneditor-in-chief 2016. outlet, media ofaprivate press agency SRNA agency press for example, more theSee, about controversies concerning appointments at the public 14. stipulations underArticle similar in the Law ofinterests (Article flict onPublicEnterprises 13); the ofBIH Federation to insight provide to the obliged managementis any about situation that to could con lead - within obligations and his/her the employee the commitments toemployee fulfil company; with conflict the interests and the work of the company, with ofan or the capacity conflict interestsas any personal that professional to or ormightappear conflict or conflict specified any of a publiccompany employee of conflict shouldinterest is avoid ofinterest; conflicts for example, stipulates that inofSrpska, the Republic Law onPublicEnterprises The panies. Including Rules the 2015, 76 from abovementioned and77 the laws onpubliccom butalso - The independent procedures and sound professional criteria for the sound professionalcriteria andappoint procedures The independent POOR CONDITIONS FOR EDITORIAL INTEGRITY IN THE APPOINTMENTS AND DISMISSALS , at: http://www.zurnal.info/novost/, at: 14911 and 73 local publictv and73 local 18 it is a common practice that in public media outlets a common it is practiceoutlets that in public media 19

and radio broadcasters), the editors the editors andradiobroadcasters), March 2016 - /-u-podmukloj-borbi-rajko-va . , andRTRS RTVFBIH . Thereis anoverall 17

involves ). - - IN QUESTION. ADMINISTRATIVE LEVEL PARTY AT THE THE RULING POLITICAL ON THEIR LOYALTY TO FACT APPOINTED BASED THE EDITORS ARE IN RADIO BROADCASTERS), LOCAL PUBLIC TV AND THREE PSB AND 73 OUTLETS (INCLUDING THAT IN PUBLIC MEDIA A COMMON PRACTICE PART OF EDITORS, IT IS POLITICAL BIAS ON THE INTEREST AND CONFLICTS OF SHOULD PREVENT STIPULATIONS THAT DESPITE THE

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 6 25 21 below, the were internal notsufficient norms to controversialprevent demo behaviour conflicting with the rules ofpro rules conflictingwith the “behaviour butalso: etc., behaviour criminal of case publicimage,in ofits orin sense, terms inafinancial the broadcaster damage on inflicting ofinternal including violation procedures, demotions, or for dismissals the reasons specify further organisations, inmedia adopted 20 occasions. tions onseveral public and to the public harm image and damage to thePublic mitting in unchecked disturbance thatresults ofthe in information programs munications ofBi forcom agency oftheRegulatory and decisions recommendations for thecodex, ofRTVFBIH gramming guidelines and policy editorial and business andallowinconsistentare imprecise interpretations. but these laws mentionlabour The dismissals, the generaljustifications for ent. procedures. inthese ofprofessional criteria leverage greater managersandingeneralasteptowards ofmedia decisions arbitrary from buffer the anecessary as byrespondents tations are recognised mostly practice. that Such are consultioned consultations aregular employees with Bi 22 in this study, anNGO as organisation registered for whoworked amedia Onlyoneofthe participants ofappointment anddemotionprocedures. part

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20 rtvfbih.ba/doc/dopune% editors. http://www. of Available at: the responsibilities lists Thesamedocuments skills. andcomputer command offoreign language inthe position, require) sameorasimilar posts some ofexperience (or as 5years upto 5,oraminimumuniversity degree, of3years, The conditions are similar for all of these: positions. responsibility,rial editorial and several tion of editor, director, programme including the Executive - edito the who holds highest of the - posi conditions for the Overview specifies Work at RTVFBIH The document Posts The procedures for demotions and dismissals are equally non-transpar equally are for demotionsanddismissals The procedures specified (Articles 87 and 88 of Labour Law ofFBIH Labour (Articles 87 and88of specified tion ofwork obligations,” ofthe are violations not onwhich to judgethe severity butcriteria ofcase - viola in person an employercan fire“severe furthermore, a post; work the specific for of which there no longer a need is because or organisational reasons” technical nomic, when there are be dismissed For can that anemployee eco- example, “certain specified itis the rights and duties of editors and journalists. andjournalists. ofeditors andduties the rights specify he adds, Labour The Rulebook, Ethical and not workcodex for concurrent media. 28 The controversies do not pertain to FTV The pertain controversies donot com/2013 http://doznajemo. See out. pointed employees as byinternal documents, not envisaged were of which positions some persons, gave appointments to several Muhamed Bakarević, In private and public media alike, consultations with journalists are nota alike, consultations journalists with andpublicmedia In private Accessed 30 Accessed ” (Udovičić 2015,” (Udovičić p.14). April 2016 / 01 March 2016 / A respondent confirms that the internal documents specify that editors can- editorsthat confirms . Arespondent that specify the internal documents 02 1 /ne-stisava-se-bura-na-bhrt-u-u-pitanju-sudbina-gotovo- H ”, and otherinternational organizations “trans well as as . 20 pregleda% 22 21 However, demonstrated in the examples be will as radnih%20 alone.For ofBHRT director example, the previous 20 mjesta% ). 202013mart% 20 Labour rulebooks, if rulebooks, Labour RTV .pdf. Accessed .pdf. - -radnika/. 000-radnika/. , disrespect , disrespect System of , men ------,

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 7 25 than at private media outlets. than at media private are moredocuments commonlyadopted at public These specification. further include might onthe also internal systematisation document ofwork positions implementation mechanisms are weak, violations are violations notrare, implementation are weak, mechanisms the outlets, editors and the media the definitionof between better relations 25 24 23 mum of15 (inRS persons payments. security ofthe length working day andpension andhealth tions, workingcondi related often to most salaries, is outlets inmedia rights of labour that sources suggest the violation Secondary respondent. ” says onesurvey tracts, 26 posts. of work that involves specification rulebook these documents do not necessarily contribute to the legal security of editors. ofeditors. contribute tosecurity donotnecessarily the legal documents these that related health and pension contributions can go unpaid for months. that contributions gounpaid for related can months. andpension health and payments salary several denied that hewas inthis studyrespondent reported some editors of even very influential media working without con working influential media very ofeven “someeditors with possible, exceptions Some are to butare journalists. limited mostly organisations, media are common in basis, andtask or engagement onanoccasional contracts, term

workers inthis stipulation. BIH ofTrade bythe Association Unions criticised of inter alia, this obligation from was, nesses for employer each a minimum with of 15 and this change exempting workers, - smaller busi rulebook lawLabour stipulated the obligation to adopta Theprevious relations. in labour circumstances involves andspecial the systematisation inter ofwork positions alia, book, Law ofFBIH Labour The 2015. 2007, Udovičić Hodžić See broadcasters (RTRS broadcasters However, public service of three including are those these not available on the websites, a-priprema contact the with editors. structure. See http://doznajemo.com/ See structure. 2013 that exist inthe management work didinfact positions to few envisage that failed italso but Board, bythe Managerial adopted implemented although ithadnotbeen being it was of the onSystematisation current Rulebook ofWork Posts at this broadcaster, that given ofthe illegality warned For broadcasters example, ofpublicservice in2012 the employees Media outlets, as it is the case with anyentity with that legal the employs amini itis case as outlets, Media Editors are employed mostly based on indefinite work contracts, while short- onindefinite work contracts, Editors arebased mostly employed 2 BUT INSECURITIES IN PRACTICE FORMALLY SOUND LABOUR STATUS, . The newly adopted Labour Law in the Republic of Srpska, however,Law inofSrpska, the Republic Labour kept the limitof 15 adopted . Thenewly ­ju- tak. Accessed ­strajk/. , andBHRT RTVFBIH adopted inJuly adopted 2015- stipulates arequirement rule that the Labour ) or 30 persons (inFBIH ) or30 persons 25 30 While some of these documents might provide documents of these While some March 2016 ); neither could we access these documents through); neither could weaccess documents these /01 /17 . /ostajemo-bez-tv-programa-radnici-bhrt- ), are obliged to adoptawork), are obliged 24 In some media outlets the outlets media In some

26 andultimately 23 One One - - - JOURNALISTS. ARE MOSTLY LIMITED TO ORGANISATIONS, BUT COMMON IN MEDIA TASK BASIS, ARE OCCASIONAL AND ENGAGEMENT ON AN CONTRACTS, OR WHILE SHORT-TERM WORK CONTRACTS, BASED ON INDEFINITE EMPLOYED MOSTLY EDITORS ARE

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 8 25 30 29 See 28 support, across entity and ethnic lines, happened in December 2014, apro as inDecember happened entity across andethniclines, support, and One inconsistent. of the community rare wider examples partial of joint ofthe professional which and together render the support lines, and political study to point agenerallackofsolidarity, alongethnic fragmentation well as as However, outlets. inthis oftheir media respondents oroutside within from pressure suffering andeditors to journalists support legal provides Journalists It of BH noting that worth is the years. Association the for process several 27 the raidonthe against police test klix.ba favour.journalists’ inthe were resolved and2015, 2006 onlyninecases between registered nalists onjour andattacks ofthreatsagainst that stated outof65 cases Journalists, ofBH generalofthe Association secretary Rudić, Borka andjournalists. editors on withagainst and dealing threats attacks in inefficiency judicial tion with incourt. resolved were never MileRadišić, nessman that he received two years earlier,that twoyears hereceived acontroversial 2012, from busi inOctober ), pressures by political actors through management structures from within actors through within from managementinfo structures bypolitical ), pressures ofbljesak. editor Jurič, (Berislav circles coming criminal from outlet, the media outside implicated: threats from have inwhich they been ofprocesses types attacked 2015, violence. andthreats ofphysical inFebruary insults byverbal website, in October 2014; website, inOctober capital.ba to Vukelić, Siniša andthreats were addressed insults verbal Similar ofthe editor

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26769536 novinarstvo-nije-zlocin/ inRS scandal Minister ofRS the Prime versation between in majority a parliamentary of recording related was concerningpolice bribery to aleaked raid The ­/141009086ci . Accessed 17 attackers was never released. released. never attackers was Members of the media community of the have media Members continually dissatisfac expressed 150105111 borbe-za-slobodu-medija-i-prava-novinara-u-bih/ 2015 sak-na-medije/141229078 andhttp://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/bh-novinari- - http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/jerinic-upad-u-prostorije-klix-ba-drastican-priti See laws. andnational ofhuman andinviolation rights unlawful that the raidwas ruled subsequently ik-sipa-e/150102084 - www.klix.ba/vijesti/crna-hronika/urednike-portala-tacno-net-u-mostaru-napao-uposlen ( of the an employee State Investigation Agency allegedly and Protection for behaviour, similar known While one of the reportedly attackers was the other one was It is indicative that editors who participated in this research mention in Itthis research three indicative that is whoparticipated editors Bahtijar,Galić andAmer Štefica editors website, of werethe tacno.net 3 SLOW JUSTICE, INCONSISTENT SUPPORT OCCASIONAL THREATS TO SAFETY OF EDITORS, http://mediaobservatory.net/radar/genetically-modified-media. 17 Accessed http://mediaobservatory.net/radar/genetically-modified-media. - http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/crna-hronika/novinar-sinisa-vukelic-napadnut-u-banjoj-lu . See http://www.slobodnaevropa.org/content/nakon-upada-policije-u-klix- . See 29 Some of the most blatant cases have been dragged through dragged have been blatant ofthe most cases Some . Accessed 13 March 2016 RS . The police were seeking the original recording of a policecon- the original wereseeking . The March 2016 .html. Accessed 17 . 28 but most distressingly, butmost the death threats and another person, which caused a political apolitical which caused andanother person, website. . Further information onthe identity ofthese March 2016 30 . Accessed 17 . TheFBIH March 2016 SIPA MP s for assuring s for assuring government ). See ). See March 2016 -je-godina- http:// . 27 - - - - .

INCONSISTENT. PARTIAL AND AND WIDER COMMUNITY OF THE PROFESSIONAL RENDER THE SUPPORT WHICH TOGETHER POLITICAL LINES, ALONG ETHNIC AND AS FRAGMENTATION SOLIDARITY, AS WELL A GENERAL LACK OF THIS STUDY POINT TO RESPONDENTS IN

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 9 25 .” when are their vocal concerned are media notparticularly However, freedom. ofmedia onbehalf “they actions andsupporting and seminars outthat are the points inconferences relatively editors also participating active, 34 33 32 31 ofEBU amember is andHerzegovina ofBosnia vice cases, during court theresponsibilities financial bear that outlets happens the media ofthe author thefrom responsibilities or the publisher. it cases While in most pressure. However, responsibilities the editors’ not distinguish law libel does orexternal oflawsuits organisations inthe their case within media from port editors). by several byCRA (managed complaints procedures (editor-in-chiefthe media outlet), and finally involvement media of a private in 35 outlets or associations do hold such memberships (for example, doholdsuch memberships publicRTV orassociations outlets However, orcommittees. oftheir boards amongthe members media listed some IPI the information onthe web ofinternational sites , organisations EFJ such as to cover the expenses. whohad the editor itwas andinstead occasions onafew support legal provided are editors, as reported by the association’s secretary general Borka Rudić. bythe association’s generalBorka reported as are editors, secretary ofwhich which “onethird, ifnotmore” counts around 700 members, Journalists, ofBH for example,Association includes, the This andtradeunions. journalist ofthe generalorganisations are members for editors butsome Herzegovina,

, questionnaire by a private media editor, media byaprivate questionnaire April 2016. Writtenbut that this didnotexempt replyto intheproceeding. libel participating himfrom onvacation, whilehewas supervision, his without published anarticle about was lawsuits that one of these reports He also outlet where he works. the from media support without himself, lawyer hehad a to engage occasions mentioned that ona few The respondents Borka Rudić, secretary general, Association ofBH general, Association secretary Rudić, Borka outlet i.e.publisher. orthe media editor theaddress the lawsuit against journalist, whether to Inpractice, thecan plaintiffchoose for uncertainty the editors. legal produces among them,how the shared not clear but which it burdenis to is of be the process court thecontent…”vises are allheld accountable ofFBIH Law (Libel lates that the “author, editor, responsible publisher and thatin any otherway super person 26AprilLawWritten stipu- 2016. law expert, Libel The media Halilović, replybyMehmed in April were received questionnaires 2016.Completed 26 April 2016. (one in the Association of Court Reporters and one in the Association ofCroat Journalists). andone inthe Association Reporters ofCourt (one inthe Association associations inotherjournalists’ membership in study also this mentioned participants The There are no separate professional associations of editors in Bosnia and and Bosnia editors in of Thereassociations areseparate professional no 4 COLLECTIVE ORGANISING LIMITED ENGAGEMENT OF EDITORS IN SEEMO 32 one editor participating in the study reported that publisherhadnot inthe study reported participating oneeditor , EBU andWAN-IFRA that showed there ofBH are nonames 31 In the majority of these cases, the editors relied on sup relied the editors cases, In the of these majority 33

) and court libel cases (as mentioned mentioned (as cases libel ) andcourt Journalists, telephone interview, Journalists, ; one owner ofanadvertis ; oneowner 35 , Article 6, paragraph 2), 6,paragraph , Article Our search through through search Our editors editors 34 Rudić ser , IFJ - - - -

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 10 25 38 37 36 SEEMO Center Sarajevo, bythe(organised US Welle byDeutsche (organised onsexual victims abuse ), traininginreporting trainingin investigative includes journalism byourrespondents mentioned ties ofthe trainingopportuni Some programmes. education ininformal ticipated of a member Publishers is ofSEEMO amember is ing agency of of700 ofthe Association members Rudić, andas reports, andIFJ ofEFJ member award winners areaward rare winners amongthem. andmultiple awards for didreceiverelevant professional achievements, editors Notmany diplomas. have editors school onlyhigh outlets, media private some However, editors. becoming before in journalists as years forworked several law,completed bachelor studiesinjournalism, and orother fields, economics from study this indicate gained editorsthat have The insights of the majority inBIH initiatives no particular also have commandalso some ofoneortwoother languages. editors command whilesome ofEnglish, havethe ofeditors majority agood the role ofeditor, inperforming indicatesthatan obstacle butoursmallsurvey byeditors. preconditionfor optimalperformance a necessary that continuing is inparticular education inthis study emphasised Participants

BH Stevanović, until recently news director at until director N1). recently news Stevanović, (Zoran etc. finances, management, ethics, practice, andtraining in journalistic editing ing, zonetrain- war security onhostile including focused the trainingcourses region, outside outlet from work his at during a media outthe trainingreceived singles One respondent and the Srđan Aleksić Awardand the Srđan Aleksić USAID from for professional reporting in2013corruption and2014, EUAward athird-place in2015, for Investigative journalism, (including four awards the three from years ACCOUNT the last Telephone conversation 19 Rudić, April Borka with 2016. tor-in-chief ofthe ( Center for Investigative Reporting the filmRomeo and- Juliet edi appointed in newly 1994), Sarajevo from Abdagić, and Aladin I. duPont–Columbia andthe 2005, Alfred division producer inanews University Award for awards (including anEmmy Award in2002, Award Afghanistan from for reporting for best international several received until has recently at aneditor N1television, Stevanović, Two Zoran professional recognitions: inthe study several have received participants Typically, have editors at timeintheir some professional par development 5 there are outlets, editors in media of position thedespite specific Overall, There are huge variations in terms of the professional credentials of editors. editors. There of of are in variations the professionalcredentials terms huge Foreign language proficiency is not indicated as either a particular asset or asset as eitherparticular a is notindicated Foreign proficiency language EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND CAREER PATH . ofIFJ members are 120 also Journalists, Embassy), and training courses organised by Media byMedia organised andtrainingcourses Embassy), , Thomson Reuters, Press Council inBIH Council Press Reuters, , Thomson WAN-IFRA of Association ). The aimed at advancing their at status androle. advancing aimed , and the Union of Independent Newspaper , andthe Union Newspaper ofIndependent 37

36 CIN ), who received several awards in several ), whoreceived BIH network for reporting on networkfor reporting ). BH Journalists is a a is Journalists andUSAID . 38 - -

DIPLOMAS. ONLY HIGH SCHOOL OUTLETS, EDITORS HAVE SOME PRIVATE MEDIA EDITORS. HOWEVER, IN BEFORE BECOMING AS JOURNALISTS FOR SEVERAL YEARS FIELDS, AND WORKED ECONOMICS OR OTHER IN JOURNALISM, LAW, BACHELOR STUDIES COMPLETED OF EDITORS HAVE THE MAJORITY

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 11 25 39 in insurance “In blatantlyhealth are thatIhavebeen being violated: the15 years and to that salary rights his reports Onerespondent arethe doing. work they them didindicate that the are and amounts insufficient forresponsibilities the BHRT broadcaster bythe publicservice but also by secret a business as treated is information salaries on editors’ inthis study,ents 1,000and2,000KM between mostly itis andamongrespond inbetween, somewhere falls ofthe of editors majority salary ofmore The than director). 2,500N1 (the euroto latter the news asalary providing inparticular, siderably at outlets, higher the at larger and Al media Jazeera Balkans conditions salaries. andbetter onaccount have broadcasters to these transferred ofimproved working media Jazeera mainlyN1andAl recently foreign capital, with broadcasters founded regional The thatsional standards allow them top to with credentials. pursue candidates particular media outlet. outlet. media particular inattracting anaudience amajor asset andpromotingas the publicimageofa media outlets it can be as low as the national average salary of430 the national con lowas averageeuro,itis as salary be itcan outlets media remarkably is low,to oursurvey amounting than to 500 less euro.Whileinsmall outlets, media are rarely notingthat ofeditors worth available biographies onthe websites of preference. given are often It andacost-oriented is policy criteria personnel political but arethe fulfilled, minimum for performance requirements solid on professional excellencean emphasis often Most whenappointing editors. viding neither impressum, names, biographies nor contact information for the editors. norcontact information for biographies the editors. neither impressum,viding names, Pink information. Themajor broadcasters cal private - butnobiographi andtheir contact directors details, programme ofthree the names provides only the director, nameofthe generalprogramming andgeneralcontact information. N1also contact information. andsome provides Al names Jazeera provides Balkans novine Nezavisne but not contact informationtheof editors information, names or any while vides biographical While our respondents report that areregularly, paid their salaries report of some While ourrespondents vate media outlet such as BN outlet such as vate media - while a pri biographies, short provide organisations, non-governmental as registered both while casters, broad- We amongpublicservice outlets: the have websites oftwelve major searched media Some media, however, media, and the profes dohaveSome means the financial both The monthly salary of some of the editors at private media outlets that responded that outlets editorsresponded some of of the media at private The monthly salary 6 place overallindicate donot thatregularly The results research the media OF EDITORS DIFFERENCES IN THE ECONOMIC SITUATION , can affordfrompolicy. other, can professionals such a Many distinguished RTRS FTV andBIRN CIN , the provide impressum andcontact oftheir noteven editors. does andBHRT 39 suggesting that suggesting theirnottreated is professional background name their editors but do not provide any biographical information, information, any butdonotprovide nametheir editors biographical pro avaz any notprovide impressum. Dnevni does television . BIH andOBN (i.e.511- 1,035 euro).The are pro entirely- secretive, , for CIN example,

- - - - LESS THAN 500 EURO. LOW, AMOUNTING TO SURVEY IS REMARKABLY RESPONDED TO OUR MEDIA OUTLETS THAT EDITORS AT PRIVATE OF SOME OF THE THE MONTHLY SALARY

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 12 25 Accessed Accessed 43 See 42 See 41 40 ( Party Democratic the towards Social of favouritism “60Minutes” at RTV theazine publicbroadcaster mag ofthe the political editor previously Hadžiomerović, ofBakir the case was A notable illustration of this general pattern relation outlets. to public media in particularly affiliations political expressed are about Concerns affiliations. onthose based to appointed their posts andeven parties particular ated with tute conflict ofinterest. that employees might consti engagement ofits orother business political tic, tor-in-chief outlet. media ofaprivate not to mention contributions,” payments, that many salary least deniedat an eight editor–Ihavebeen as ajournalist, lineas this ofwork–seven political agenda of a given party, ofagiven agenda ofthem affili butsome arepolitical consideredto be the orfor support them to openly or organisations parties, related to political any prevent journalis possibly onwhich to judgeand criteria the it specifies Free positive example, Europe ofInterest sinceas a , Conflict Policy,serve can ofRadio Theinternal document bytheir editors. other engagements similar prevent to regularly seem the onoursurvey, media andbased outlets, at media that later, nominated for inthe of2014, course ofthe generalelections hewas the position of both editor and director are held anddirector bythe editor sameperson. ofboth the position For stations independence. television editorial instance, innineoutof43 local derogation of afurther as seen initself is the editor simultaneously is director the fact thatsome media The in houses. production agencies/media advertising and outlets ofmedia ownership examples to ofconnected afew limited mostly conflicting about relationships are anddoubts editors, bymedia engagements

56027 luse/ for example,56027 http://www.radiosarajevo.ba/novost/ See, courtesy ofMilenko Vočkić,courtesy editor-in-chief. ofRFE ofInterest, Conflict RFE institution constituteSee broadcasting Policy, conflict ofinterest. sector,position inthe for ata broadcasting publicofficeor engagements ora orcandidacy for that, investments example, business guidelines specify . The age the publicimageofRFE of whether such anengagement could mainly the- is assessment dam of such engagements for denial basis The either allow or forbid will such engagements. which theafter supervisor to their supervisors, that that andthose report arebutrequires aged encouraged, employees that engagements discour are between guidelines thatdistinguish defines The document A respondent who submitted the questionnaire, with a request for anonymity, the whosubmitted arequest with A respondent questionnaire, April 2016. It is not usual for editors to be publicly declared members of political parties parties ofpolitical members publiclyIt declared to for be editors notusual is 7 is sourceeditors the only post of for of revenue the majority editorial The THE POLITICAL SITUATION OF EDITORS CRA register.1273787112 Available http://rak.ba/bos/index.php?uid= at: 5 April 2016 . Accessed 5April 2016 . 41 There are nomajor controversies concerning other . 40

, who has been suspected suspected been FBIH, whohas SDP /enver-kazaz-reisove-maha- ) for years. wrote the edi . 43 42 The fact fact The

------

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 13 25 case, no information about particular pressures was given. given. was pressures noinformation particular about case, 45 44 of theSDA officials bysome dismissed infact he was “Mreža” that tomagazine (Network), canceland second, the political decision matter andAvdić’s ofinternal disagreements disapproval ofthe managerial however,ulatively a advanced, was that it first, involving twomajor options: relationhis the with management hierarchy. were spec ofreasons Avariety ofconfidence aloss work bythe inhis and as lated management structures Federal Television Avdo Avdić, formu 2015, vaguely for in September reasons editor of the demotionof was the news recent Themost one questioned. also was legitimacy while their for procedural largelysons which remained vague, ,” political workers become ornot, wilfully ists, pressure underwhich “journal the generalclaimsabout political his involved RTRS from whorecently resigned ajournalist about conformism. Anarticle cal with affiliations SNSD political RTRS broadcaster service The public ageneralpattern. to be illustration covert ofwhat believed is onlytheis least with party. alliance the however, confirmation long-standing ofhis faced This, ofthe BH a member , in particular, had several demotions of editors, the rea , inparticular, demotionsofeditors, recent RTVFBIH years hadseveral ofmajor centres ofpower. critical accompanying policies troubles editorial and financial of owners; on the part indicating absolute discretion outlets, media interference;indicating political the at silent private appointments anddismissals outlets, the at questionable appointments anddemotions ofeditors publicmedia

131764 rubrika/vijesti/clanak/zasto-je-avdo-avdic-dobio-otkaz/ Accessed jen_urednik_ftv_a_avdo_avdic.html. 23710 over the party. http://www.slobodna-bosna.ba/vijest/ See of FTV policy pressure on editorial who asserts a person as Izetbegović Bakir inorder to the portray within party byother factions organised thatsuggest itwas of leader ofthe ofAvdićs’ the party, head itwas the claimed because statements assigning Some tao- http://mojahercegovina.com/marko-vejic-za-mh-pritisak-politicara-na-novinare-je-pos See The public service broadcasters constitute a case in their own right. In right. in their own constitutecase broadcasters a service The public 8.1 We present patterns three that will androle illustrate ofeditors: the position 8 DEPENDENT ON POLITICAL WILL APPOINTMENTS AND DEMOTIONS IN PUBLIC MEDIA CASES ILLUSTRATING THE POSITION OF EDITORS jeziv/. Accessed 27 April­jeziv/. 2016. SDA party the responsibility for radical Islamists coming to Islamists for radical the responsibility party Presidency as anSDP as Presidency , and editors are considered part ofthis politi are consideredpart , andeditors is most consistently most is for mentioned its candidate, was interpreted as abare as interpreted candidate, was 27 April 44 nevertheless, as is usually the usually is as nevertheless, 2016 party. . See also http://bljesak.info/ also . See . Accessed27 - /fama_est_zasto_je_smijen 45 and in order to take Similarly covert Similarly covert BIH . Other sources . Other April 2016 . ------­

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 14 25 that allegedly came from the employees ofSRNA the from employees came that allegedly 47 46 positions. professionals to leading ference media andto appoint established for the post. ofexperience required years necessary 2014, the fulfilled by in then appointed January officially having was SNSD SRNA of aneditor been whohas ing example the is appointment Džepina, ofMilica A tell interests. political in the interpreted light of particular be 2011 also can RTRS broadcaster at the publicservice editors ingeneral.Thedemotionof inpublicmedia trate ofeditors the position er-sharing at ofthe theFederation level ofBIH ofeditors. oftheuncertainty position andcontributing precedent to the thus categorisation, aworrying job setting excluded the from internal was since herpost realised, never Jurišić was Duška of inthe case ruling court asimilar Incontrast, posts. state previous himinhis FTV the proceedings, andfollowing court not observed, were for dismissal the procedures ofHadžiomerović, inthe case might be, sons in2012, Hadžiomerović, ofBakir position editorial the his demotionfrom was 48 49 major political groups for greater power overthis broadcaster. for greater power groups major political influence by the SDA ofgrowing aresult as allegedly The clashes between leading persons in persons the SRNA leading between The clashes been the target of severe criticism within this program. within criticism the ofsevere target been the the SDP between the ofanagreement result that claimed itwas Others comingafter to power, bythe magazine. for atarget criticism itwouldbecome claimingthat motive,some to have the SDP hadapolitical believed also (“60minutes”) that was heedited the magazine cancellation ofthe political 50

See See

found itself in these controversies as a result of shifts in pow controversies a of result shifts in these found itself as RTVFBIH kajmo-da-vidimo-o-cemu-je-rijec/. Accessed 27 kajmo-da-vidimo-o-cemu-je-rijec/. bakir-hadziomerovic-za-doznajemo-com-ne-znam-nista-o-svojoj-navodnoj-smjeni-sace- way.were inasimilar interpreted for example, http://doznajemo.com/ See, 2012 editor Željko and the desk editorDamir Kaletović news Tica, of the previous The dismissals 120601121. Accessed5April 2016.to-je-smijenjen-bakir-hadziomerovic/ http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/saznajte-zas See atinternal the procedures broadcasters. and for norms the journalistic for by management disrespect listed concerned The reasons See, for example, See, nike. Accessed27 ­ ugasio- not come from the employees. not come the from employees. These pleas are, however, pleas by These the management of dismissed konkursa­- SNSD . Reportedly, she was functioning under a technical mandate, until underatechnical she functioning . Reportedly, she was since 2011 and is considered to be affiliated with the ruling political party party political with ruling since 2011 the affiliated considered to and is be http://www.zurnal.info/novost/7584 , the leading political party in the Republic of Srpska which had often which had often in the of Srpska Republic party political , the leading . Accessed 20 March. Accessed 20 2016.60­-minuta.html o-raSnm Accessed ­jos-drma-Srnom. 151898 http://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/svijet/ March 2016 . See also http://www.rtvbn.com/ also 348234. See 25 March 2016 /bobar-kasipovic-i-rajko-vasic-postavili-svoje-poslus and the public news agency SRNA agency andthe publicnews 49 The appointment ignored the pleas The the pleas appointment ignored April 2016 . , but the cases mentioned illus mentioned , butthe cases and the heads of the political ofthe political andthe heads to stop the political inter to stop the political SRNA party in the fight between between inthe fight party /Zasto-je-Bakir-Hadziomerovic . , who claimed that did , who claimed they was ordered to ordered rein was 48 Whatever the Whatever rea 47 Prior to that, Prior /Dzepina-mimo- feared that, that, feared /0529 from from and 46 50 ------­- - ­

­

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 15 25 54 55 53 52 Thus, and the Minister of Security ofBIH and the Minister ofSecurity 51 integrity. infavour ofmedia notspeak does itself transparency andthe lackof hindered, is publicinsight into ofeditors the position cases, lar at the klix.ba Farukple, with Vele, ofeditor the from position abruptly dismissed whowas party when news director Aldin Arnautović stopped performing this role. performing stopped AldinArnautović director when news happen in silence, and the reasons remain in silence, unclear.happen andthe reasons for exam case, the was This outlets Appointments at media Center these anddismissals Media Sarajevo. ”,execution is no onlydrama pure “There clear-cut: there, Kontić, says Boro can also be seen in the light of political confrontation between the twocamps. confrontation inthe light between ofpolitical seen be also can

-radnika/. Accessed 30 000-radnika/. 140804090 ednik-portala-klix-ba/ at published item was news A brief doznajemo.com/2013 for example, http:// See, rather interests. relatedconsidered to to than be personal political Accessed25March 2016 vo-nije-razrijesen-duznosti. for example,96386 http://www.mojportal.ba/novost/ See, tations. conno- in2011 political Agović involved Mehmed andthen director ofGovernors Board the between butthe clashes appointments inrecent years, for mentioned politicised often BHRT broadcaster 7April 2016). Sarajevo, service ThePublic analyst, andmedia ist - journal freelance EldinHadžović, with appointed” (interview was a man close to theparty , and of…director theposition [of]… parties] FENA [among several “… director its inthe leading federal positions and cantonal public weredivided institutions ofthe Federation agency ofBIH news , the FENA be strong. to believed as well,is editorsof, firstly, butsubsequently directors, interference that political inthe appointments inother publicmedia It reasserted should be ale for cancelling appointment. his He is still editor of some programmes at the same media outlet. outlet. at the samemedia programmes ofsome He stilleditor is na-udaru-politike-slucaj-novinske-agencije-srna/. Accessed 25March 2016 na-udaru-politike-slucaj-novinske-agencije-srna/. andhttp://www.modricainfo.com/i-mediji- jednika-rs-a-novinari-ili-izvrsioci-zadataka/ for example, http://www.magazinplus.eu/agencija-srna-u-odbrani-lika-i-djela-preds See, Accessed 30 April to say, 2016. the Needless with SDS Mektić associated is ple, http://pressrs.ba/info/vijesti/dzepina-mektic-mi-je-poslao-14-sms-poruka-15-04-2016. anattack as onthe SRNA fabricated butwas the from employees originate inthe SRNA persons numerous includes andother accusations Džepina leading against media bysome lished SRNA accusing Security. diploma, his Mektić published of on the biography inthe published ofwebsite official theMinistry reported as education, sources about Mektić’ssources about letterof An anonymous the from employees education. oftheir the truthfulness Mektić andreasserted ofpressures accused Džepina In return, The practices concerning editors at private media outlets are outlets mucheditors more The practices media concerning at private 8.2 AT PRIVATE MEDIA SILENT APPOINTMENTS AND DISMISSALS SDS SRNA happened before, happened published the that allegation published Minister Mektić had university not completed his website inAugust 2014, , but Džepina denied these accusations that andstated these the denied letter, butDžepina didnot / 01 / 02 March 2016 1 /ne-stisava-se-bura-na-bhrt-u-u-pitanju-sudbina-gotovo- 51 and the recent accusations tossed between SRNA andthe between recent accusations tossed (accessed 25March (accessed 2016 http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/faruk-vele-vise-nije-ur , is mostly mentioned for the political appointment for mentioned of mostly the, is political , Dragan Mektić, unfolding Mektić, inApril, Dragan 2016, . 54 or with the orwith recent change at Hayat of campaigning against the against Ministry. ofcampaigning . Later disagreements at BHRT disagreements Later , without specifying any ration- specifying ), without

was given totheSDP given was - /mehmed-agovic-pono party. . See, for exam- . See, . 55 SRNA Insimi was least least was were pub- , and TV 52 53 - - - - -

REMAIN UNCLEAR. AND THE REASONS HAPPEN IN SILENCE, MEDIA OUTLETS DISMISSALS AT THESE APPOINTMENTS AND

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 16 25 critical reporting. critical that inthose from donotrefrain ingeneralandparticularly outlets print media interest in ofadvertisers’ byadecline were troubles aggravated financial these aroundrope aneckofsmall firm like,” ours says Avdić. indicatesthat He also 57 56 that,” heconcludes. and Iwould rather commit and uncollegial, inappropriate suicide than endlike Bosna ers ofPres-Sing Avdić Ltd, the magazine. which issues that argues Slobodna of in the case ofeditor-in-chief that heldby the the fact thepositions andowner, sameperson ofDani mine the transfer Whileinthe ofownership. case 58 mostly to politicians mostly to politicians BAM 200 thousand interview, Avdić lawsuits. frequent from thatcame noted pressures the financial style.Inarecently published andwriting for harsh unusually language but also attitude for uncompromisingly his power-holders, critical known towards is editor-in-chief, The Senad outlet. stance ofthis media thewith critical Avdić, in werenature, financial connected part Slobodna butin . The reasons Bosna andHerzegovina, inBosnia magazines of onethe rare remaining political SBIH interests of owners can easily both mould the ideological position anddeter position mouldthe ideological both easily can interests ofowners

protiv Šešelja” (interview with Senad Avdić), Senad with protiv Šešelja”(interview Start Connected with the Selimović family andrelatedly the family with SDA the with Selimović Connected lider Čengić, “Svaki See on the case. Gibraltar to report the first and was advertising in media on corruption Slobodna, for example, Bosna reported ment-novinarstvo/o-cemu-sutimo-kad-sutimo-o-danima Mediacentar_online, 17 2010.- November Available http://www.media.ba/bs/menadz at: “O šutimo o Danima,” čemu šutimo kad Jovanović, and the transfer see of ownership, Senad Avdić),Senad Start with protiv branitipresudom liderISIL Šešelja”(interview bise Čengić, “Svaki -a mogao . In the last two or three years we paid wepaid orthree years two . In thelast Bosna rulings Slobodna “The doomed The beginning of 2016 by marked of edition the termination of was the print beginning The 8.3 The fate of the magazine Dani fateThe of the magazine WHEN SUPPLIES ARE ALREADY SCARCE BITING THE HAND THAT FEEDS YOU party before being sold in2010 Ltd. sold to being before Oslobođenje party will notshare will the Dani samefate as , several journalists and editors are theand editors found journalists Slobodna, several Bosna 56 for the emotional distress of various people that sued us and us thatsued people ofvarious fortheemotional distress

, 5April 2016, p.15. 58

[…] Simply, which a is 50 we lost lawsuits, of these percent – which reportedly became close to the close became –which reportedly the way it was ended was was ended since “[…]theway itwas , 5April 2016, p.16. -a mogao bi se braniti presudom ISIL bise -a mogao

. Accessed 17 March 2016. 57 party. For more onDani –illustrates howthe this was facilitated facilitated this was - -

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 17 25 not touch interests of the owners and affiliates, thereforenot touch distin isdifficultto andaffiliates, interests it ofthe owners utterly are introducible, also neglected. ence, although easily independ editorial of guarantees conflict of interests and both from safeguards At the sametime the outlets. the ofmedia majority tions that are way beyond non-existent. is editors of position the at advancing aimed professional specifically organising while support, andrarely community showsunified fragmented is journalistic ofBH Association however, demotions, about The hope. some decisions doprovide court vious pre Some resolution. contribute the for about potential positive to scepticism bythe professional community. andsolidarity institutional support Allofthat in alackoftrust butalso inother avoided patterns media, ilar wouldnotbe a combination that perception forof conformism, fear sim their livelihood, such patterns more presumably frequently involves notreporting for editors The reasons outlet. underpressure ofthe the from media director decisions rial compromising edito sometimes admits Oneofourrespondents or pressures. demotion unwarranted from editors do not protect but in practice they tors, scarce. are worryingly independence ofeditorial assurances Even the ofthe interests. onthe owners’/founders’ level, formal the boundaries within kept is that freedom ofpatterns to their guarantee editorial avariety is although thelated, Once wording are the might there appointed, notbe. editors consistently is buttheir spirit vio media, private international local andsome some as in as well onconflict ofinterestNorms in formally exist the public media, to improve noefforts andthere them. have been are politicised, highly lic media Appointments inpub interests. andpolitical business who conform to particular ers and related actors are theat with appointment Itstake. of editors all starts policies. sure oneditorial guish the line between editorial integrity and conformity. Nevertheless, all these andconformity. allthese integrity editorial Nevertheless, the linebetween guish Funding by international donors is seen as the only oasis safe from severe pres safe severe from Funding the onlyoasis as byinternational seen donorsis andoptionsfor are alternative scarce. funding parties, controlled bypolitical are largely major advertisers sources, one of the is major funding Government depends. outlets ofthe media onwhich survival on the mainsources offunding as as well owners, affiliations of andbusiness onthe political are based policies Major patterns editorial of influence on and appointments and Herzegovina. andtheir professional editors role inBosnia ofmedia the position determining Finally, professionals do the media as extends professional far integrity onlyas affordbetter can working kindof condi to provide outlets the media Some status for asound laws provide edi formally andinternal norms Labour Editors are considered largely when the already interests of the placated own Political are interferenceextremely reasoning andbusiness influential in 9 CONCLUSIONS Journalists provides legal help in such cases, butoverall,the help insuch legal cases, provides Journalists ------HERZEGOVINA. ROLE IN BOSNIA AND PROFESSIONAL EDITORS AND THEIR POSITION OF MEDIA DETERMINING THE INFLUENTIAL IN ARE EXTREMELY BUSINESS REASONING INTERFERENCE AND POLITICAL

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 18 25

1. tosional community have entirely seems uponit. given job.” notarespected “Itis true: palpably become saysa respondent has What totribute in the a situation public eye. in which the profession tarnished is vulnerability, economic –con for editors independence, rial support andlimited interference, – political lack oftransparency,factors ofedito lack of guarantees 59 of the position of editors in the media in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the profes and Herzegovina, in Bosnia in the of media editors of the position

donors, as well as local government institutions should require media to government institutions should media require local well as as donors, International of journalists. andbyassociations ofmedia the associations by promoted should be outlets to the ofmedia Changes internal norms Media outlets, primarily the public ones, but also the should private, intro butalso the publicones, primarily outlets, Media Željka Mihaljević, editor,Željka Mihaljević, Studio Radio N,telephone interview, 10 April 2016. Judging by the lack of public debate about or advocacy for improvementJudging bythe lackofpublicdebate oradvocacy about • ofinternal should includechanges norms These the following: trust. and thus restore independence andpublic their credentials ofeditorial tees inorder to their include/improve internal documents guaran duce/revise 10 • • • • • RECOMMENDATIONS as any additional credentials that will be preferred in the selection pro inthe preferred selection that any be as additionalcredentials will well as ofeditors, for the for candidates experience the required position andextent the ofeducation minimum level ofprofessional Specifying management inthis regard. of the decisions in order arbitrary to dismissal, render obsolete justify would work duties editorial violations ofwhat of specification Detailed onthe ofthecheck professional candidates/editors; integrity as anadditional anddismissals, appointments specific outlet about the within media consultations the with journalists regular Introducing businesses; affiliations andincluding in other,interests political lar media-related particu on based tion, mainlyinrelation conflict ofinterests, to possible posi for aparticular editors any conditions that disqualify Specifying outlet; ofamedia credibility fessional to demonstrate the minimum at onethat pro least wouldserve editors, and media owners ofmedia the position between distinction A clear inappointment procedures; criteria as relevant equally made at least should butinthe be goal, meantimeprofessional credentials long-term a should be of the in the appointments of media editors subsequently and managers, oftheappointment process ofmedia Depoliticisation ofeditors; experience andeducation on the emphasis special study in this research placed Participants cess. 59

------IMPROVE THEM. BEEN NO EFFORTS TO AND THERE HAVE HIGHLY POLITICISED, PUBLIC MEDIA ARE APPOINTMENTS IN POLITICAL INTERESTS. BUSINESS AND TO PARTICULAR EDITORS WHO CONFORM THE APPOINTMENT OF IT ALL STARTS WITH

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THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 20 25 7. Jovanović, N., “O čemuJovanović, šutimo šutimo kad andHerzegovina”, “Bosnia S. Hodžić, inLabor State- report: Media S., integrity Hodžić, D. Duraković-Morankić, andMarkuš, from within the media community. the within media from restoration done ofthe onlybe and their role publicimagecan ofeditors organisation. through andpromoted Any collective defended substantial put on back thechange. shouldtable, discussed, Professional be integrity for andadvocate ofeditors) meetings periodic recommended respondents (some decisions andeditorial faceconcerningproblems their they position Editors introduced. should exchange should be editors onany experiences organisation related androle around of to issues theCollective position Accessed 10 March 2016. . shared/Labor_Relations_and_Media.pdf http://www.media.ba/mcsonline/files/ pp.92–130. 2008, February Available at: Chișinău, Journalism, for Independent , countries member o Danima,” Mediacentar_online, 17 ofSEENPM in themedia relations of labor Analyzing and Media: Relations patterns vina - nancial-relations-bosnia-and-herzego - media-integrity-report-state-media-fi http://mediaobservatory.net/radar/ at: Peace 2015. Institute, Ljubljana, Available , SEE Herzegovina Bosnia and in financial relations media radu-FBi ANALIZA wp-content/uploads/2014 2015. Available http://yep.ba/ at: December I Hercegovinu, Sarajevo, GOPA radu Federacije iHercegovine, Bosne o primjena Praktična Zakona R., BIBLIOGRAPHY . Accessed 27 March 2016. mbH, predstavništvo za Bosnu Bosnu za mbH,predstavništvo H -Prakticna-primjena-Zakona-o- . Accessed 12March 2016..pdf Media Observatory, Observatory, Media SEENPM andCenter /01 /YEP-

Zločin u19:30 Zločin K., Kurspahić, , Mediacentar, , Radar,Kontić, media B.,Genetically modified Udovičić, R., Working R., Udovičić, Conditionsfor T.,Loza, “Afere vlastite naše supokretale koje 1930 Zlocinu www.media.ba/mcsonline/files/shared/ Available 2003. http://Sarajevo, at: dia. - tory.net/radar/genetically-modified-me - 2015. Available http://mediaobserva at: SEE mo-o-danima - narstvo/o-cemu-sutimo-kad-suti - www.media.ba/bs/menadzment-novi 2010.November Available http:// at: march_2015 conditions_bosnia_and_herzegovina_ media.ba/sites/default/files/working_ 2015.February Available http://www. at: Insecurity, Sarajevo, andLegal Media Devastated inaGap between Journalists andHerzegovina: inBosnia Journalists . Accessed31 Aprilvlastite-novine 2016. mediametar/afere-koje-su-pokretale-nase- Available http://www.media.ba/bs/ at: novine,” Media Observatory, 13 November 13 November Observatory, Media Accessed 17 March 2016. Mediacentar_online, 8April 2016. . Accessed 10.pdf March 2016. . Accessed27 April.pdf 2016. . Accessed 17 March 2016.

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 21 25 Arnautović, M. and Katana, E., “Nakon E., M.andKatana, Arnautović, Bjelica, N., “Bivši novinar RTRS N., novinar “Bivši Bjelica, Doznajemo.com, “OstajemoDoznajemo.com, TV bez burana se “Nestišava Doznajemo.com, D.,G. Vukelić Siniša “Novinar napadnut u liderISIL bise “Svaki -a mogao R, Čengić. BN TV nakon-upada-policije-u-klix-novinarst www.slobodnaevropa.org/content/ 2014. AvailableDecember http:// at: zločin,”(ni)je Free Radio Europe, 30 Novinarstvo uKlix: policije upada 17 March 2016. 26769536 vo-nije-zlocin/ Accessed 30 March 2016. 1-000-radnika/. ju-sudbina-gotovo- - ne-stisava-se-bura-na-bhrt-u-u-pitan at: http://doznajemo.com/2013 at: 2013. Available 2January radnika!?” BHRT Accessed 17 March 2016. ic-napadnut-u-banjoj-luci/141009086. - crna-hronika/novinar-sinisa-vukel Available http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/ at: Luci,”Banjoj Klix.ba 2016, pp.12-16 and70-71. Avdić), Senad with view Start protivbraniti presudom Šešelja” (inter Accessed 25March 2016. . mimo-konkursa-jos-drma-Srnom http://www.rtvbn.com/348234 18 Junemagazine), 2015. Available at: konkursa” Faktor from (republished . Accessed 27 April 2016. postao-jeziv/ mh-pritisak-politicara-na-novinare-je- mojahercegovina.com/marko-vejic-za- 11 2016. February Available http:// at: jeziv,”are postao je Moja Hercegovina , Vejić MH za - ostajemo-bez-tv-programa-radni http://doznajemo.com/2013 štrajk…” 17 2013. Available January at: BHRT Rradnici grama? MEDIA REPORTS , “Džepina još drma Srnom mimo Srnom drma još , “Džepina -u: Upitanju sudbinagotovo 1000-u: - nanovin političara : Pritisak , 9 October 2014. , 9October -a pripremaju Accessed .html. Accessed -a Marko /01 , 5April /Dzepina- /01 /17 pro / /02 - / - - R.I. “ Zašto je Avdo je “Zašto AvdićR.I. dobiootkaz,” Klix.ba, “ Klix.ba, mahaluše,” “Reusove E., Kazaz, Radio Klix.ba, “Faruk Vele por Klix.ba, urednik nije više Klix.ba, “Urednike portala Tacno.net “Urednike portala u Klix.ba, Bakir smijenjen je zašto “Saznajte Klix.ba, Klix. Upad uprostorije “Jerinić: Klix.ba, 131764 kaz/ clanak/zasto-je-avdo-avdic-dobio-ot http://bljesak.info/rubrika/vijesti/ at: 2015. Available, 5September Bljesak.info 30 March 2016. ci-bhrt-a-pripremaju-strajk/. Accessed Bi u iprava novinara medija slobodu za 56027 aluse/ - ala/ja-mislim/enver-kazaz-reisove-mah http://www.radiosarajevo.ba/metromah- Sarajevo Accessed 17 March 2016. 150105111 ja-i-prava-novinara-u-bih/ 2015 www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/bh-novinari- Accessed 13 March 2016. 150102084 pao-uposlenik-sipa-e/ - ke-portala-tacno-net-u-mostaru-na - klix.ba/vijesti/crna-hronika/uredni 2015.January Available http://www. at: SIPA napao uposlenik Mostaru 120601121ovic/ . Accessed 5April 2016. jte-zasto-je-smijenjen-bakir-hadziomer - http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/sazna at: Hadžiomerović,” 1June 2012. Available Accessed 17 March 2016. 141229078can-pritisak-na-medije/ . - ic-upad-u-prostorije-klix-ba-drasti - http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/jerin 2015. Available29 December at: namedije,” pritisak drastičan ba 25 March 2016. 140804090 la-klix-ba/ - faruk-vele-vise-nije-urednik-porta http://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/ at: Klix.ba,”tala 4August 2014. Available H ,” 2015. 5January Available http:// at: - -je-godina-borbe-za-slobodu-medi BH novinari: 2015. je godina borbe 2015. borbe godina novinari: je , 14 June 2011. Available at: . Accessed 27 April 2016. . Accessed 5April 2016. . Accessed -e?” 2 . . - - -

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 22 25 Kovačević, Lj., “U podmukloj borbi Rajko borbi Lj., “Upodmukloj Kovačević, Moj portal, “Mehmed Agović ponovo nije nije ponovo Agović “Mehmed Moj portal, politike: naudaru “Imediji Modriča.info, “Agencija Plus, Magazin lika uodbrani Srna Lj., “Bobar, iRajko Kovačević, Kasipović Libel Law ofthe Federation Law Libel ofBIH inthe of Republic onPublicEnterprises Law inthe Federation onPublicEnterprises Law Libel Law of the Republic of Srpska, Official Official ofthe ofSrpska, Republic Law Libel at: http://www.zurnal.info/nov at: 27Žurnal.info, August 2012. Available Vasić Davidovića,” nokautirao Dragana Accessed 30 March 2016. sic-nokautirao-dragana-davidovica 14911 ost/ Available http://www.mojportal.ba/ at: dužnosti,”razriješen 2011. 12September 25 March 2016. . Accessed novinske-agencije-srna/ com/i-mediji-na-udaru-politike-slucaj- Available http://www.modricainfo. at: Istinito andFrontal 2016.), 12February , novine Nezavisne from republished SRNASlučaj Novinske agencije Accessed25Marchci-zadataka/. 2016. - la-predsjednika-rs-a-novinari-ili-izvrsio - eu/agencija-srna-u-odbrani-lika-i-dje Available http://www.magazinplus. at: zadataka,”izvršioci 17 2016. February RS predsjednika i djela Accessed 27 March 2016.je-poslusnike. - sipovic-i-rajko-vasic-postavili-svo www.zurnal.info/novost/7584 info, 2June 2011. Available http:// at: Vasić poslušnike,” svoje postavili Žurnal. of Srpska, 75/04. of Srpska, Gazette ofRepublic the Official Srpska, of BIH of BIH and 73/05. oftheGazette Federation ofBIH Gazette of the Republic of Srpska, 37/01. ofthe ofSrpska, Gazette Republic LAWS, REGULATIONS AND INTERNAL DOCUMENTS OF MEDIA OUTLETS , 8/05,81/08 and22/09. Gazette of the, Official Federation - /-u-podmukloj-borbi-rajko-va -a: Novinari i(li) Novinari -a: /bobar-ka- , Official , Official ” (parts ” (parts - , 59/02 . Press Press Slobodna Bosna, “ Bosna, Slobodna - dozna za Hadžiomerović “Bakir A., Zornija, Hadžiomerović Bakir je “Zašto A., Srzić, Labour Law ofthe Federation Law ofBIH Labour Communications Regulatory Agency of Agency Communications Regulatory ofthe ofSrpska, Republic Law Labour 96386 novost/ 15 ruka- 14 pina-mektic-mi-je-poslao- at: SMS 25 March 2016. . Accessed vo-nije-razrijesen-duznosti 27 April 2016. . Accessed vidimo-o-cemu-je-rijec/ svojoj-navodnoj-smjeni-sacekajmo-da- za-doznajemo-com-ne-znam-nista-o- com/2012 2012. Available http://doznajemo. at: čemu riječ,” je , 29May Doznajemo.com navodnoj smjeni, sačekajmo o vidimo da osvojoj ništa jemo.com: Neznam html March. Accessed 20 2016. 60 -minuta. Bakir-Hadziomerovic-ugasio- 151898 tportal.hr/vijesti/svijet/ 2011. AvailableOctober http://www. at: ‘60minuta’?”, 4 ugasio tportal.hr 27 April 2016. ftv_a_avdo_avdic.html. Accessed fama_est_zasto_je_smijenjen_urednik_ 23710 www.slobodna-bosna.ba/vijest/ 2014. AvailableSeptember http:// at: FTV urednik jenjen Accessed 4 Accessed 1328108149 rak.ba/eng/index.php?uid= Available http:// at: Services. Media BIH 1/16. Srpska, Gazette ofRepublic of the Official oftheGazette Federation ofBIH RS - http://pressrs.ba/info/vijesti/dze , Rule 76/2015 ofRadio onProvision , “Džepina: Mektić mi je poslao 14 Mektić poslao mije , “Džepina: poruka,” 15 April 2016. Available - 04 /0529/bakir-hadziomerovic- -

May 2016. 2016 - /mehmed-agovic-pono FAMA EST . Accessed 30 April 2016. -a Avdo Avdić?” 4 : Zašto je smi- je : Zašto - -sms-po /Zasto-je- , 62/15. , Official , Official / .

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 23 25 Communications Regulatory Agency ofBIH Agency Communications Regulatory Radio andTelevisionRadio ofthe Federation ofBIH ofPublicRadio- Principles Editorial Communications Regulatory Agency ofBIH Agency Communications Regulatory of Agency Communications Regulatory Boro Kontić, editor,Boro Mediacentar, written and journalist freelance Eldin Hadžović, news ofthe FENA director Faruk Borić, id=173. April Accessed 28 2016. rtvfbih.ba/loc/template.wbsp?wbf_ Available http://www.Herzegovina. at: and System ofBosnia television 4 May 2016. eng/index.php?uid=1328108149. Accessed Available at http://rak.ba/ Services, Media Rule 77/2015 ofAudio-visual onProvision php?uid=1273787112 nal. Available http://rak.ba/bos/index. at: sig - through terrestrial broadcasting BIH Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine – Dopune, iHercegovine –Dopune, Federacije Bosne Radio-televizije radnihmjesta Pregled php?uid=1273787112 Available http://rak.ba/bos/index. at: signal. through terrestrial casting for radiobroad- oflicensees Register interview, 12April 2016. 7April 2016. Sarajevo, analyst, media BIH of Agency Communications Regulatory agency, ofthe of Council member OTHER LIST OF INTERVIEWS , Register of licensees for television for television oflicensees , Register , Sarajevo, 8April 2016., Sarajevo, . Accessed 5April 2016. . Accessed 5April 2016. , , , Radio FreeRadio Liberty, Europe/Radio of Conflict FreeRadio Liberty, Europe/Radio Press Council inBIH Council Press Suzana Rađen Todorić, Rađen Suzana editor-in-chief, BN editor-in-chief, Studio Radio Mihaljević, Željka Editor at a public service broadcaster who broadcaster Editor at apublicservice ment in the project archive).ment inthe project of Milenko Vočkić, editor, RFE Interest Policy, 2001, courtesy October archive).ument inthe project ofMilenko Vočkić,tesy editor, RFE 2001, cour October Professional Code, 2013.pdf. Accessed4May 2016. gleda%20radnih%20mjesta%20mart%20 - www.rtvfbih.ba/doc/dopune%20pre March, 2013.Sarajevo, Available http:// at: Accessed 30 Accessed es-outline&Itemid=23 year-2015 2079 tent&view=article&id= ba/index.php?option=com_con- 2015 in and media Online of thePress RegardingComplaints theWriting N requested anonymity,requested 14 April 2016. Television, telephone interview, 14 April 2016. , telephone interview, 10 April 2016. . Available http://english.vzs. at: &catid=22%3Acas March 2016 Outline ofCitizens’, Outline &lang=en. &lang=en. . - %3A (docu -

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THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION MEDIA INTEGRITY MATTERS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE AND WEAK SUPPORT 24 25 Aldin Arnautović, editor,Aldin Arnautović, RTV editor, Jurič, Berislav website, bljesak.info editor-in-chief, Đapo, Nermin RTV pro - ofnews editor acting Bruck, Alenka editor, Borčak, FBIH Radio , MayRasim 2016. editor-in-chief, Center Abdagić, forAladin Mehmed Halilović, media law expert, writ law expert, media Halilović, Mehmed Borka Rudić, secretary general, Association general,Association secretary Rudić, Borka SANELA HODŽIĆ April 2016. at BHRT gramming ( Investigative Reporting Media Observatory. Media Coordinator at the organisation Foundation in the SEE apartner Sarajevo, Mediacentar inPsychology, andBA University aResearch ofSarajevo, currently as andis employed correspondence, 25-26Aprilcorrespondence, 2016. ten reply, 26April 2016. of BH WRITTEN RESPONSES TO QUESTIONNAIRES ADDITIONAL INTERVIEWS/REPLIES AUTHOR Journalists, telephone interview, Journalists, holds aMA holds  , April 2016. in Gender Studies from the Center of Interdisciplinary Studies, Studies, Studies the from Center inGender ofInterdisciplinary CIN Hayat , written Slon, May 2016. ), April 2016. - Former at radiostation editor aprivate who who broadcaster Editor at apublicservice of director news former Stevanović, Zoran , list editor-in-chief, Pušić, Dnevni Dario editor, Mačkić, Erna BIRN BIH Ljiljana Zurovac, director,Ljiljana Zurovac, in Council Press Milenko Vočkić, editor-in-chief, , written RFE requested anonymity,requested April 2016. anonymity,requested April 2016. N1, April 2016. April 2016. BIH Maycorrespondence, 2016. 19 and25April 2016.tacts, 26 April 2016, additionaltelephone con- , telephone interview, 26April 2016. , April 2016.

THE EDITORS’ ROLE IN AUTHOR Sanela Hodžić EDITOR Brankica Petković MEDIA INTEGRITY PROTECTION ASSISTANT EDITOR Saša Panić LANGUAGE EDITOR This report has been produced with the financial assistance IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Amy Kennedy PUBLISHER Peace Institute, Institute for of the European Union. The contents of the report are the The report has been produced Contemporary Social and Political Studies, Metelkova 6, sole responsibility of the Peace Institute and the author, and within the project South East BETWEEN STRONG INTERFERENCE SI–1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, . DESIGN DAK, Ljubljana, May 2016 position of the European Union. http//www.mediaobservatory.net.